必修第一册 课时冲关6 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

基础必备 必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 学生用书课时冲关6P263 [.阅读 主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：多种语言可能对儿童的执行功能有益 Speaking more than one language may bene- Encouraging multilingualism at home could fit children's executive(执行的)function一espe benefit kids with autism spectrum disorders,the cially those with autism spectrum(自闭症谱系) researchers conclude,and could even provide a disorder (ASD),a recent analysis suggests. "natural intervention"for some types of execu- The study,published in Autism Research, tive function. looked at 116 children aged 7 through 12.Of 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the those,53 had autism spectrum disorder and 63 study? did not,though 4 children were later excluded. A.Its conclusion. B.Its participants. Twenty-one of the children with ASD spoke more C.Its procedures. D.Its significance. 2.What does the underlined word“salient”in than one language,and 35 of the typically develo- Paragraph 4 probably mean? ping children were multilingual(讲多种语言的). A.Predictable. B.Noticeable. Most of the multilingual children spoke English C.Potential. D.Serious. and Spanish,though some spoke Portuguese, 3.What conclusion can we draw about multilin- Hebrew,French,Japanese or Bulgarian in addi- gual children? tion to English. A.They are less likely to be sidetracked. The researchers tested the children's execu- B.They are more creative in language use. tive function abilities and asked parents to fill out C.They are better at controlling themselves. surveys assessing autism behaviors such as view- D.They are more likely to have language disor- point taking -the ability to understand view- ders points other than one's own-and social commu- 4.What's the researchers'attitude to promoting nication. multilingualism at home for autistic children? The multilingual children all demonstrated A.Negative. B.Uncaring. better executive function than their counterparts C.Doubtful. D.Supportive. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一 who spoke just one language,regardless of 项新的研究，该研究表明说多种语言可能对儿童 whether they were on the autism spectrum.But 的执行功能有益，特别是对于患有自闭症谱系障 the effect was more salient in multilingual kids 碍的儿童。 with ASD.These kids had much better self-con- l.B[主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study, trol than those who only spoke one language and published in Autism Research,looked at 116 had ASD. children aged 7 through 12.Of those,53 had The research also found a "direct and indi- autism spectrum disorder and 63 did not, rect association between multilingualism and though 4 children were later excluded.Twenty- viewpoint taking.This could be because people one of the children with ASD spoke more than who speak more than one language must assess one language,and 35 of the typically develo- social signals to decide which language to speak ping children were multilingual(讲多种语言 or that their knowledge of more than one lan- )Most of the multilingual children spoke guage comes with a higher ability to understand English and Spanish,though some spoke Por- language itself,the researchers said. tuguese,Hebrew,French,Japanese or Bul- Multilingual children's executive functions could garian in addition to English.(这项发表在《自 闭症研究》杂志上的研究对116名7至12岁的 be improved by the need to choose the right lan- 儿童进行了调查。其中，53人患有自闭症谱系 guage to speak,the researchers write."If you 障碍，63人没有，尽管有4名儿童后来被排除在 have to balance two languages,you have to con- 外。21名患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童会说一 trol one in order to use the other,"said Lucina 种以上的语言，35名正常发育的儿童会说多种 Uddin,who was a professor at the University of 语言。大多数会说多种语言的儿童会说英语和 Miami during the research."That's the idea.The 西班牙语，不过除了英语之外，有些儿童还会说 ability to stop yourself from doing something 葡萄牙语、希伯来语、法语、日语或保加利亚 might be strengthened by knowing two langua- 语。)”可知，本段主要介绍了参与这项研究的儿 ges.” 童的基本情况，即这项研究的参与者。] ·333· 高考总复习英语 2.B[词句猜测题。画线词上文“The multilin- you have to balance two languages,you have to gual children all demonstrated better executive control one in order to use the other,'said Lu- function than their counterparts who spoke cina Uddin,who was a professor at the just one language,regardless of whether they University of Miami during the research. were on the autism spectrum.(无论是否患有 'That's the idea.The ability to stop yourself 自闭症谱系障碍，会说多种语言的儿童在执行 from doing something might be strengthened 功能方面都比只说一种语言的同龄人表现得更 by knowing two languages..’(‘如果你必须平 好。)”指出讲多种语言的儿童在执行功能上比 衡两种语言，你必须控制一种语言，才能使用另 讲一种语言的好；结合画线词所在句中“in mul- 一种语言，’研究期间在迈阿密大学任教的露西 tilingual kids with ASD(在患有自闭症谱系障 娜·乌丁(Lucina Uddin)教授表示：这就是我 碍的多语种儿童中)”以及下文“These kids had 们的观点。掌握两种语言可能会增强人们自我 much better self-control than those who only 控制行为的能力，使自己不再去做某些事 spoke one language and had ASD.(这些孩子比 情。’)”可推知，会说多种语言的儿童自控能力 那些只会说一种语言并患有自闭症的孩子有更 更好。] 好的自我控制能力。)”可知，画线词所在句子指 4.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Encouraging 的是“但是这种效果在患有自闭症谱系障碍的 multilingualism at home could benefit kids 多语种儿童中更为明显”，salient的意思是“更 with autism spectrum disorders,the research- 明显的，更显著的”，和B项“Noticeable.（明显 ers conclude,and could even provide a 'natural 的)”意思相近。] intervention'for some types of executive func- 3.C[推理判断题。根据第四段中“These kids tion.(研究人员得出结论，鼓励在家中使用多种 had much better self-control than those who 语言可能对患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童有益， only spoke one language and had ASD.(这些孩 甚至可以为某些类型的执行功能提供‘自然干 子比那些只会说一种语言并患有自闭症的孩子 预’。)”可推知，研究人员对鼓励自闭症儿童在 有更好的自我控制能力。)”以及第六段中“‘If 家使用多种语言的态度是支持的。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：语言会随着时间而变化 In some ways,it is surprising that languages 4 Vocabulary can change quickly as new change.After all,they are passed down through words are borrowed from other languages,or as the generations reliably enough for parents and words get coined,combined,or shortened.Some children to communicate with each other.1 words are even created through misinterpretation For example,while Japanese has changed rela- of form.As noted in the Linguistic Society of tively little over a thousand years,English America's publication Is English Changing?,the evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.Many word pea is one such example.Up until about present day speakers find Shakespear's sixteenth- four hundred years ago,pease could refer to ei- century plays difficult and Chaucer's fourteenth- ther a single pea or many peas.At some point, century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible people assumed that pease was the plural form of to read. a new word,pea,based on the way pease soun- Languages change for a variety of reasons. ded.While vocabulary can change quickly,sen- Large-scale shifts often occur in response to so- tence structure-the order of words in a sentence cial,economic,and political pressures,as there changes more slowly.5 For example,during are many examples of language change fueled by the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, invasions,colonization,and migration.2 the pronunciation of vowels in English changed Frequently,the needs of speakers drive language dramatically.This shift represents the biggest change.New technologies industries,products difference between the pronunciation of Middle and experiences simply require new words.By English and Modern English. using new and emerging terms,we all drive lan- A.Changes in sound are somewhat harder to doc- guage change.But the unique way that individuals ument but just as interesting. speak also fuels language change because no two B.Yet linguists find that all living languages individuals use a language in exactly the same change over time-at different rates though. way.3 Through our day-to-day interactions, C.As long as people are using a language,that we pick up words and savings from other people language will undergo some change. and integrate them into our speech.Teens and D.All natural languages change,and language young adults,for example,often use different change affects all areas of language use. words and phrases from their parents.Some of E.The three main areas of language that change them spread through the population and slowly over time are vocabulary,sentence structure, change the language. and pronunciation. ·334· 基础必备必修第一册 F.Even without these kinds of influences,a lan- 3.G[前文“But the unique way that individuals guage can change dramatically if enough users speak also fuels language change because no adopt a new way of speaking. two individuals use a language in exactly the G.The vocabulary and phrases people use depend same way.(但是个体说话的独特方式也会促进 on where they live,their age,education level, 语言的变化，因为没有两个人使用一种语言的 social status and other factors. 方式完全相同。)”提到了个体使用的语言存在 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语 差异，G项“The vocabulary and phrases people 言会随着时间而变化，其原因很多，变化主要体现 use depend on where they live,their age,edu- 在词汇、句子结构和发音三个方面。 cation level,social status and other factors. l.B[前文“In some ways,.it is surprising that 们使用的词汇和短语取决于他们居住的地方、 languages change.After all,they are passed 年龄、教育程度、社会地位和其他因素。)”符合 down through the generations reliably enough 语境，具体解释了个体语言差异的原因。] for parents and children to communicate with 4.E[空处位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段 each other..(在某些方面，语言的变化是令人惊 讶的。毕竟，它们代代相传，足以让父母和孩子 落内容。后文“Vocabulary can change quickly 相互交流。)”引入文章的话题语言的变化，后文 as new words are borrowed from other langua- "For example,while Japanese has changed rel- ges,or as words get coined,combined,or atively little over a thousand years,English shortened..(词汇变化很快，比如从其他语言中 evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.(例如， 借用新词，或者新词被创造、组合或缩略。)” 在一千多年的时间里，日语的变化相对较小，而 "While vocabulary can change quickly,sen 英语在短短几个世纪内就迅速演化。)”用日语和 tence structure-the order of words in a sen- 英语的变化情况作为例子，B项“Yet linguists find tence changes more slowly.(虽然词汇变化很 that all living languages change over time-at dif- 快，但句子结构一句子中单词的顺序变化得 ferent rates though.(然而，语言学家发现，所有现 比较慢。)”和“For example,during the Great 存的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化—尽管 Vowel Shift five hundred years ago,the pro- 变化的速度不同。)”符合语境，和前文对语言变 nunciation of vowels in English changed dra- 化的惊讶构成转折，是后文的例证支持的观点， matically.(例如，在500年前的元音大推移期 后文的“changed relatively little over a thou 间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。)”涉及语 sand years'”“evolved rapidly in just a few cen- 言变化中的词汇、句子结构和发音，E项“The turies'”解释了其中的“at different rates”。] three main areas of language that change over 2.F[前文“Languages change for a variety of time are vocabulary,sentence structure,and reasons.Large-scale shifts often occur in re- pronunciation.(语言随着时间的推移发生变化 sponse to social,economic,and political pres- 的三个主要方面是词汇、句子结构和发音。)”符 sures,as there are many examples of language 合语境，概括了这三个方面的内容。] change fueled by invasions,colonization,and migration.（语言的变化有很多原因。由于社 5.A[后文“For example,during the Great 会、经济和政治压力的影响，语言往往会发生大 Vowel Shift five hundred years ago,the pro- 规模变化，因为有很多入侵、殖民和移民推动语 nunciation of vowels in English changed dra- 言变化的例子。)”点明了本段的主旨—语言变 matically.This shift represents the biggest 化的原因，介绍了外部宏观环境的原因，F项“Even difference between the pronunciation of Middle without these kinds of influences,a language can English and Modern English.(例如，在500年 change dramatically if enough users adopt a 前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了 new way of speaking.(即使没有这些影响，如 巨大变化。这种转变体现了中世纪英语和现代 果有足够多的使用者采用一种新的说话方式， 英语发音的最大区别。)”介绍的是语言变化的 一门语言也会发生巨大的变化。)”符合语境，承 发音方面，A项“Changes in sound are some- 接前文，其中的“these kinds of influences'”指前 what harder to document but just as interest- 文的“social,economic,and political pres ing.(声音的变化很难记录，但同样有趣。)”符合 sures'”,介绍了使用者方面的原因作为补充。] 语境，引起后文内容。] ·335· 高考总复习英语 Ⅲ.语法填空主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：设立国际语言日及中文日的意义 In 2010,the UN Department of Global Com- 3.and[考查连词。句意：语言是沟通的载体，是 munications instituted language days for each of 国家间互动的桥梁，是文明间理解的纽带。 the organization's six official languages.The goal "the carrier of communication,the bridge of in- was two-fold:1. (celebrate)cultural di- teraction between nations”和“the bond of un- versity as well as to promote the equal use of all derstanding among civilizations'”为并列关系，应 six 2. (tongue). 用连词and连接。故填and。] Language is the carrier of communication, 4.written[考查形容词。句意：语言和它的书写 the bridge of interaction between nations,3. 形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词 the bond of understanding among civiliza- forms,需用形容词written“书写的”，作前置定 tions.At the same time,a language and its indi- 语。故填written。 vidual 4. (write)forms make up the 5.be treated[考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言 "soul"of a national tradition.Every language is 都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every lan worthy of respect and should 5. (treat) guage与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系，用be equally. treated表被动，且位于情态动词should后，be The UN Chinese Language Day not only 用原形。故填be treated。] provides a unique platform 6. the world 6.for[考查介词。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世 to better understand China,but also 7. 界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而 (promote)language and cultural exchanges in the 且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。表示 world. “为某人/某物提供某物”用固定短语provide Today,more than 70 countries have included sth.for sb./sth.,本空用介词for,符合题意。 the Chinese language in their education systems. 故填for。] Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 7.promotes[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：联合 8. (improve)communication and coop- 国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中 eration between China and 9. rest of the 国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言 world.As more and more foreigners start to 和文化交流。此处与provides并列作谓语，时 study the Chinese language and experience Chi- 态应用一般现在时，且主语为The UN Chinese nese culture,the world will have a better under- Language Day,本空用promote'“促进”的第三人 standing of China and its rich history,its hard- 称单数promotes。故填promotes。.] working people,its development through 8.improving[考查非谓语动词。句意：中文在促 10. (innovate),and its inclusiveness. 进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥 China,on its part,will also embrace(拥抱)the 着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语， world with greater openness and make new con- 应用improve'“提高”的动名词形式，作宾语。故 tributions to the international community. 填improving。] [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述 9.the[考查冠词。句意：中文在促进中国与世 了联合国设立语言日的目的及中文日的意义。 界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重 l.to celebrate[考查非谓语动词。句意：目的是双 要的作用。the rest of..“…的其余部分”， 重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平 为固定用法，本空用冠词the,符合题意。故 等使用。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词，应 填the。] 用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，作目的状语，与to l0.innovation[考查名词。句意：随着越来越多 promote并列。故填to celebrate。.] 的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界 2.tongues[考查名词的数。句意：目的是双重的： 将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人 庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使 民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作 用。tongue'“语言”为可数名词，由six修饰，应用复 介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创 数形式。故填tongues。.] 新”。故填innovation。] ·336. 基础必备 必修第一册 V.读后续写 主题：人与自我 体裁：记叙文 话题：无手机的旅行 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续 Appreciating the finished puzzle,she real- 写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 ized she hadn't thought of her cellphone for Kathy's family vacation to the beach was hours usually the highlight of her summer.This year, however,her parents announced a new rule:no phones for the entire week. "But my friends will be expecting updates [参考范文] about the trip,"Kathy complained.Kathy's mom After a quick breakfast,Kathy headed to gave her a serious look.Unwillingly,Kathy the beach.Under no circumstances had Kathy ex- handed her phone over and her mom locked pected the scenery to be so spectacular!With the it away. sea wind blowing against her face,Kathy totally The drive to the beach house took most of lost herself in the stunning views.After half an the day.As they turned off the highway onto hour's leisure walk along the beach,Kathy re- country back roads,the clouds darkened.Rain turned to the house."How do I spend the rest of started to pour."Even more beautiful in the the day?"Kathy murmured to herself.Suddenly, rain,”her mother said.“What do you think, the unfinished puzzle caught her attention.She Kathy?”Kathy glared at her mom.“Beautiful,” felt a little excited and buried herself in it once she muttered. again.Every time the shapes met,Kathy was That night after dinner,Kathy wandered in- overwhelmed with happiness.Soon,all that were to the kitchen,where her father was washing di- left were a few gaps.She quickly put the remai- shes.She gave her father a loving look and said in ning pieces into place.The puzzle was completed! her sweetest voice,"Couldn't I have my phone Appreciating the finished puzzle,she real- back,just for one second?Just so I can tell eve- ized she hadn't thought of her cellphone for ryone what an amazing time I'm having?" hours.Trying to preserve the image in her mind, “Can't,”he said.“It's not here..Remember?” she quietly started taking it apart rather than tak- Kathy was very annoyed.Having nothing better ing pictures to update about the trip.That,she to do,she examined the dusty bookcase in the thought,was just for me.Without the distrac- living room.The books looked as dull as the tions from her cellphone,she found herself en- weather.On the top shelf,however,she spotted gaged in story sharing session with Mom and Daddy willingly.They spent a high-quality family a puzzle.She took it,emptied the pieces on the time together.On arriving home,Mom gave her table,and began to sort them. cellphone back.This time,however,she had no After what seemed like a few minutes,she intention to share but to keep all the great memo- looked up.It was past ten o'clock.She had been ries in her mind. working for almost two hours!She yawned.The [语篇解读]本文以Kathy一家的一次旅行为线 puzzle was less than half done,but she was ex- 索。妈妈要求这是一次无手机的旅行，开始Kathy十 hausted.So,she went to bed. 分地不习惯，但又不得不遵守规则。Kathy完成了 When Kathy awoke the next morning,she 拼图，并且欣赏到了平时看不到的美景，并且还尽 jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains.A 情地享受了和父母在一起的时间和温暖。 blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean.The [详解] sky was cloudless.The scene reminded Kathy of a 1.段落续写： photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her. ①由第一段首句内容“Kathy快速地吃完早餐 This view was even better.It would leave 后，就跑去海边”可知，本段可以写Kathy在海 everyone speechless.Kathy dashed to her bedside 边所看到壮丽的美景，并且感到受温暖的海风。 table and reached for her phone.But there was 然后回家完成昨天晚上没有完成的拼图。 nothing there.She sighed.Still,she wandered in ②由第二段首句内容“欣赏着自己拼完的拼图， front of the window,admiring the sunrise. Kathy意识到她已经好几个小时都没有想起手 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 机这回事了”可知，本段可以写在没有手机的打 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 扰下，一家人在这里度过的温馨的生活，是在平 After a quick breakfast,Kathy headed to the 时感受不到的，回到家后，妈妈再把手机还给 beach Kathy后，Kathy似乎已经不需要手机了。 2.续写线索：去海边→欣赏美景→回家完成拼图 →与父母安静地度过这个假期→渐渐地已经不 需要手机→感悟 337