必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 课后检测能力达标（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2026·湖北新八校协作体高三联考)Approximately 4，000 years following the last glacial period，hunter-gatherer communities encountered another sudden climate shift that forced rapid adaptation to significantly colder conditions.The 8.2 Ka event, occurring 8，200 years ago，brought about temperature declines of up to 6℃within mere decades.Meanwhile，the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass from the Norwegian continental shelf generated a massive tsunami that completed Britain's geographical separation from mainland Europe.

Despite these severe environmental challenges，northern hemisphere (半球) populations demonstrated remarkable toughness.Through it all，people across the northern hemisphere survived，some by packing up and moving，others by sticking it out.Rick Schulting from the University of Oxford notes：“These communities were not passive victims but actively adapted to changing circumstances.”

While previous research had examined regional impacts，Schulting's comprehensive study compared archaeological evidence and environmental records across northwestern Europe and southern Siberia.To understand how they adapted，scientists compared archaeological findings，such as burial sites and ancient remains，with environmental evidence preserved in ancient lake beds.This combination of clues allowed them to reconstruct past changes in the climate and landscape with remarkable precision.

Adaptation strategies varied significantly across regions.Coastal communities in Norway's Oslo Fjord expanded through increased reliance on marine resources like fish and seals，while Lake Baikal populations showed minimal disruption due to stable water-based supplies.In contrast，northwestern Russian groups around Lake Onega exhibited unusual burial patterns suggesting strategic concentration near reliable food sources，whereas Scottish communities abandoned coastal settlements entirely，likely moving inland to survive the prolonged cold period.

This ancient climate event provides crucial insights into human responses to environmental crises.As researchers emphasize，the 8.2 Ka event serves as a critical case study for understanding how modern societies might address contemporary climate challenges，demonstrating that human adaptability remains essential for survival in changing environments.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了8.2千年事件重大气候突变及其对人类社会的影响，北半球的人们采用不同的应对策略主动适应了这次极端天气事件，这次事件也为现代人应对气候危机提供了参考。

1．What was one major geographical event during the 8.2 Ka event?

A．The formation of a new landmass.

B．Scotland's breaking off from Norway.

C．A tsunami brought by temperature drop.

D．Britain's split from Continental Europe.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass...from mainland Europe”可知，8.2千年事件带来的影响之一是英国与欧洲大陆的地理分离。

2．What was the overall research method of Schulting's study?

A.Analysis of archaeological findings.

B．Cross-disciplinary data correlation.

C．Computer-simulated climate modeling.

D．Comparison with former research.

B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Schulting's comprehensive study...and southern Siberia”可知，舒廷进行了考古学与环境学的跨学科研究。

3．What do the varied adaptation strategies suggest?

A．Strategies relied on resources.

B．Coastal food became lacking.

C．Water access boosted survival.

D．Customs signaled survival advantage.

A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，不同地区居民生存策略不同，这取决于他们拥有的资源。

4．What is the best title for the passage?

A．An Ancient Tsunami Isolated Britain

B．Origins and Effects of the 8.2 Ka Event

C．Stone-Age Diets Beating Climate Changes

D．Ancient Lessons for Modern Climate Crises

D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了8.2千年事件及其带来的影响和北半球的人们主动适应环境变化的方法，并表明8.2千年事件为现代人应对环境危机提供了重要的见解，故D项最适合作文章的标题。

B

(2026·济南三模)Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates (构造板块) move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku Earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18，000 deaths.

In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and the Earth's climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role.

“Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement，” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.”