Unit 1 Science and Scientists（重难词汇精练）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Science and Scientists”主题词汇，构建从基础词形到语篇应用的递进训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|6类题型（词性转换等）|覆盖词形变化、固定搭配、词义辨析及单句应用|从词汇形式（转换）到意义（短语/单词）再到初步运用（语法填空/拼写）的层级递进| |词汇语境练|2类题型（语法填空、写作）|语篇层面词汇综合运用|从单句到语篇，实现词汇在真实语境中的迁移应用，提升语言理解与表达能力|

Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染 2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是 3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初 5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫 6．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋 题型二、核心短语 1．once and for all最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to同意；赞同 3．thanks to幸亏；由于 4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5．in charge of主管；掌管 6．come down患(病)；染上(小病) 7．above all最重要的是；尤其是 题型三、重点单词 1. severe　　　　 adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 2. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 3. proof n. 证据; 证明; 检验 4. multiple adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 5. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人 6. blame vt. &n. 责怪; 指责 7. raw adj. 生的; 未经处理的 8. substantial adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的 9. thinking n. 思想; 思维 10. solid adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体 11. concrete n. & adj. 混凝土; 确实的; 具体的 12. outstanding adj. 优秀的; 杰出的 13. concept n. 概念; 观念 14. brilliant adj. 聪颖的; 绝妙的 15. shift n. & vt. & vi. 转换; 转移; 转向 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The problem is we can find them there. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：问题是我们能否在那里找到他们。空处引导表语从句，但结合语境“问题”可知，此处需要表达“是否”的含义，故用whether引导表语从句。而if不引导表语从句。 2．Tom left immediately. That’s he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job! 【答案】because 【详解】句意：汤姆立刻离开了，那是因为他只剩下十分钟赶下一份工作。空处引导表语从句，前文说汤姆立刻离开，后文是汤姆立刻离开的原因，应用because来引导。 3．The problem is will come to replace her. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：问题是谁会来接替她。本句中is后接表语从句，从句中缺少指人的主语，应用连接代词who。 4．The question is we can get in touch with him. 【答案】how/whether 【详解】句意：问题是我们如何才能联系上他。/问题是我们能不能联系到他。句子是主系表结构，空格后为表语从句，结合语境，这里问的是联系对方的方式，how表“如何、怎样”，在从句中作方式状语，符合句意；也可表“是否能联系上他”的含义，用whether来引导。 5．The problem is many teenagers fail to realize the importance of valuing time wisely. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：问题是许多青少年未能意识到明智地珍惜时间的重要性。空处引导表语从句，在句中不做成分，无汉意，应用连接词that。 6．This is we must attach great importance to our mental health. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：这就是为什么我们必须高度重视心理健康。空处引导表语从句，表示“为什么”，作状语，应用连接副词why。 7．My idea is we should spend more time on practical social practice. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我的想法是我们应该多花时间参与社会实践活动。空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，应用连接词that。 8．He paid us back by his (commit) to save us from a slow but painful death. 【答案】commitment 【详解】句意：他以自己的承诺回报了我们，将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。his_______作介词by的宾语，his是形容词性物主代词，其后要接名词，要将动词commit变成名词commitment；该词表示“承诺”，不可数名词。 9．There are enough convincing (prove) to show that he is totally innocent. 【答案】proofs 【详解】句意：有足够的证据证明他是完全无辜的。提示词作主语，用名词形式proof，意为“证据”，结合谓语动词are可知，证据不止一条，主语用复数形式proofs。 10．If he seems a little (defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 【答案】defensive 【详解】句意：如果他看起来有点防御性，那可能是因为即使是他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他不同寻常的方法。本空作seems的表语，应用形容词形式defensive“防御的，防备的”。 11．My smartphone today (handle) everything — from scanning QR codes to paying rent. 【答案】handles 【详解】句意：如今我的智能手机能处理一切事务——从扫码到交房租。根据today可知用一般现在时，主语My smartphone是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 12．Given that the driver injured the passer-by, he was so severely punished that his parents were (frustrate). 【答案】frustrated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：鉴于司机撞伤了行人，他受到了严厉的惩罚，以至于他的父母感到很沮丧。此处需要填形容词作表语，修饰主语“his parents”，表示人“感到沮丧的”，应用-ed结尾的形容词frustrated。故填frustrated。 13．I leave most of the organization of these conferences to my (assist). 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：我把这些会议的大部分组织工作交给了我的助手。分析句子可知，设空处前的my是形容词性物主代词，后需接名词；assist为动词，表示“协助”，对应的表示“协助的人；助手”的名词是assistant。故填assistant。 14．It is reported that in recent years the house prices in many big cities (decrease) by 10%. 【答案】have decreased 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，近年来许多大城市的房价已经下降了10%。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处应是现在完成时，且从句主语the house prices为复数，从句谓语应是have decreased。故填have decreased。 15．The weather was (blame) for the delay, causing the flight to be rescheduled. 【答案】to blame 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：天气是造成此次航班延误的原因，因此航班被重新安排了时间。短语be to blame for表示“对……负有责任”，不定式作表语。故填to blame。 16．Mr Wang is reliable. But this time, what he said was (contradict) to what he did. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：王先生是可靠的。但这一次，他所说的与他所做的相矛盾。此处应填形容词作表语，contradict的形容词形式为contradictory，意为“矛盾的”。故填contradictory。 17．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing (steady). 【答案】steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管如此，拥有手机的人数仍在稳步增长。此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词；steady的副词形式为steadily，表示“稳步地、有规律地”。故填steadily。 18．As the sun went down we cast long (shadow) on the lawn. 【答案】shadows 【详解】考查名词。句意：当太阳西沉时，我们在草坪上投下了长长的影子。形容词修饰名词，空处为名词shadow作宾语，由句意和前文的we可知，用复数，故填shadows。 19．The army recognized him as an (outstanding) able engineer. 【答案】outstandingly 【详解】考查副词。句意：军队认为他是一位能力极其出色的工程师。设空处应填副词修饰形容词able，outstanding的副词形式是outstandingly。故填outstandingly。 20．More than half of all U.S. (household) are heated with natural gas. 【答案】households 【详解】考查名词。句意：美国半数以上家庭使用天然气供暖。句中“U.S.”（美国的）是形容词性限定词，用于修饰名词，因此空格处需填入“household”的名词形式。“household”本身为名词，意为“家庭；住户”，“household”是可数名词，其复数形式为“households”。结合句中关键信息“More than half of all”（…… 中的一半以上）可知，此处指代“多个家庭”，并非单一家庭，且“all”也暗示数量上的复数概念，因此需用复数形式“households”。故填households。 题型五、单词拼写 21．To achieve _______ (大量的，实质性的) progress in learning a foreign language, you need consistent daily practice rather than occasional bursts of effort. 【答案】substantial 【详解】句意：要在外语学习上取得实质性的进展，你需要坚持每天练习，而不是偶尔一阵阵的努力。根据提示，表达“大量的，实质性的”之意，应用形容词substantial，作定语修饰progress。 22．The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady____________ (下降) since the 1960s. 【答案】decrease 【详解】句意：自20世纪60年代以来，欧洲的出生率一直稳步下降。根据汉语提示“下降”可知，空处应用名词decrease作宾语，in a steady decrease表示“稳步下降”。 23．We used to drink ____________ (纯的) milk, but now we drink yoghurt. 【答案】pure 【详解】句意：我们过去常喝纯牛奶，但现在我们喝酸奶。结合汉语提示，表示“纯的”为形容词pure，在句中作定语，修饰名词milk。 24．Immediate ________ (干预) is required to prevent the situation from getting worse and worse. 【答案】intervention 【详解】句意：需要立即进行干预，以防止情况越来越糟。根据汉语提示“干预”可知，此处为名词intervention，作主语。 25．We didn’t ____________ (同意) to the opinion on an increase in the global temperature. 【答案】subscribe 【详解】句意：我们不赞同关于全球气温上升的这一观点。根据汉语提示“同意”及空后的介词to可知，空处需填动词原形，subscribe to为固定搭配，表示“同意、赞同（观点等）”；空前有助动词didn't，后接动词原形。 26．The two traditions are closely ________ (联系) to each other. 【答案】linked 【详解】考查动词。句意：这两种传统彼此紧密联系。根据句意以及汉语提示可知，“与……有联系”为固定短语be linked to。故填linked。 27．Some of the laws were ________ (矛盾的). Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些法律是相互矛盾的。因此，采取措施加以澄清。根据汉语提示可知，用形容词contradictory“矛盾的”，作表语。故填contradictory。 28．When danger comes we need courage and wisdom to _________ (保卫) our family and precious homeland bravely. 【答案】defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：当危险来临时，我们需要勇气和智慧勇敢地保卫我们的家人和珍贵的家园。根据汉语提示“保卫”可知，此处应用动词defend，且need…to do sth.是固定句型，所以填动词原形。故填defend。 29．Every student should possess a strong ________ (爱国的) devotion and an unshakable resolve to serve their motherland. 【答案】patriotic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每一位学生都应当具备强烈的爱国情怀以及为祖国服务的坚定决心。“爱国的”应用形容词patriotic，作修饰devotion的定语。故填patriotic。 30．A healthy diet should help your body resist ________ (感染). 【答案】infection/infections 【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食应该帮助你的身体抵抗感染。根据汉语提示可知是名词infection，为动词resist的宾语，此处可以泛指感染也可以指你身体的感染，所以用单复数都可以。故填infection(s)。 题型六、完成句子 31．他处理这个问题的能力很强。 He has a strong ability ________ ________ the problem. 【答案】 to handle 【详解】表示“处理”可用动词handle，且ability后接不定式作后置定语。 32．我打算订阅几本科学杂志。 I plan to _______ _______ several science magazines. 【答案】 subscribe to 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“订阅”，应用固定搭配subscribe to，空前为动词固定搭配plan to do，to后接动词原形。故填subscribe to。 33．随着这个问题得以解决，我们现在可以专注于下一个项目了。 _________ ________ ________ ________, we can now focus on the next project. (with复合结构) 【答案】 With the problem solved/settled/addressed/handled 【详解】考查with复合结构。根据汉语提示可知，设空处应用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构；宾语“这个问题”用the problem，表示“解决”的动词有：solve、settle、address、handle等，和problem为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。句首单词首字母大写。故填①With；②the；③problem；④solved/settled/addressed/handled。 34．前几天，这个人被怀疑泄露了政府机密。 The man ________ _______ _______ giving away government secrets the other day. 【答案】 was suspected of 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意，设空处为“被怀疑做了某事”表达为短语be suspected of doing sth.，of后为giving away government secrets，作宾语。根据时间状语the other day可知，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，主要为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填①was；②suspected；③of。 35．正是人类活动，应该为该地区日益严重的空气污染负责。 It is human activities that ________ ________ ________ ________ the worsening air pollution in this region. 【答案】 are to blame for 【详解】考查动词短语。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。此句是It is...that...的强调句型，强调human activities。“应该为……负责”常用表达为be to blame for，主语human activities是复数，所以be动词用are。故填①are；②to；③blame；④for。 36．多亏了科技的发展，更多的人可以享受比以前更多的音乐。 ________ ________the development of technology, more music is available to more people than before. 【答案】 Thanks to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据所给句意可知，此处可用固定短语thanks to表示“多亏了”，在句首的单词首字母大写。故填①Thanks；②to。 37．负责调查的部门只向新闻记者提供了最基本的事实。 Newspaper reporters were given nothing but the bare facts by the department ______ ______ ______ the investigation. 【答案】 in charge of 【详解】考查介词短语。“负责”为in charge of，在本句中作定语。故填in charge of。 38．在那个宁静的雪夜，仿佛整个世界都静止了。 It seemed __________ __________the entire world had come to a standstill during that quiet, snowy evening. 【答案】 as if 【详解】考查连词短语。表示“仿佛”使用固定短语as if，故填①as②if。 39．She looked ________ ________ she wanted to ask one more question before we left. 她看起来想在我们离开前再问个问题。 【答案】 as if/though 【详解】考查表语从句。根据句意，此处表示“好像”用as if或者as though，引导look后的表语从句。故填①as②if/though。 40．I read about your plan, and  ________  ________  _______ I’m writing to voice my opinion. 我获悉了你的计划，那就是我为什么写信发表观点。 【答案】 that is why 【详解】考查代词，时态和表语从句。根据中英文提示，用that指代上文提到的事情，作主语，表示“那”，由read可知，句子用一般现在时，主语是单数，用is表示“是”，be动词后面是表语从句。根据句意，该从句应用why引导，表示“为什么”，作原因状语。故填that is why。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二下·河北衡水·期末）Wu Zhenpeng, a 32-year-old IT engineer from Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, was hailing a taxi to reach home after work. A few minutes later, a robotaxi approached, with no driver or operator 1 (sit) inside, and soon Wu was on his way back. “The driverless vehicle operated   2 (smooth) without sudden braking (刹车),” Wu said. The large-scale commercial use of self-driving technology could become 3 reality sooner than expected, and is likely to revolutionize urban transport due to its 4 (great) efficiency in comparison with traditional vehicles, industry experts said. However, the fast-developing technology still faces some challenges and limitations, including   5 to ensure reliability and 6 (safe), especially in complex situations, and public concerns over job losses for regular taxi drivers. China has taken a lead in the research and development as well as the application of autonomous driving technology in recent years. 7 (promote) the commercialization of self-driving vehicles, it has also introduced a series of policies. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as well as four other central government departments 8 (select) 20 cities earlier this month to participate in a pilot program, 9 theme was centered on “vehicle-road-cloud integration” for intelligently connected vehicles. The move aims to combine intelligent vehicles 10 environmental and cloud-based control systems, paving the way for enhanced security and efficiency in autonomous driving technology. 【答案】 1．sitting 2．smoothly 3．a 4．greater 5．how 6．safety 7．To promote 8．selected 9．whose 10．with 【导语】文章讲述武汉工程师体验无人驾驶出租车，介绍自动驾驶技术即将迎来规模化商用、现存挑战，以及我国为推进自动驾驶落地出台政策、开展试点工作的相关情况。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：几分钟后，一辆自动驾驶出租车驶来，车内没有驾驶员或操作人员就座，吴振鹏很快便踏上了回家的路。此处为with复合结构，宾语no driver or operator与sit为主动关系，应用现在分词sitting作宾语补足语。 2．考查副词。句意：吴振鹏说：“这辆无人驾驶车辆行驶平稳，没有出现急刹情况。”此处修饰动词operated，需用副词形式，smooth的副词为smoothly，意为“平稳地”。 3．考查冠词。句意：业内专家表示，自动驾驶技术的大规模商用可能会比预期更早成为现实，相较于传统车辆，它效率更高，有望彻底改变城市交通。reality为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一件现实”，且reality以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：业内专家表示，自动驾驶技术的大规模商用可能会比预期更早成为现实，相较于传统车辆，它效率更高，有望彻底改变城市交通。根据后文in comparison with traditional vehicles“与传统车辆相比”可知，此处存在比较含义，应用形容词比较级greater。 5．考查疑问词。句意：然而，这项快速发展的技术仍面临诸多挑战与局限，包括如何保障复杂场景下的可靠性与安全性，以及公众对普通出租车司机失业问题的担忧。结合句意，此处表示“如何保障”，应用固定结构how to do。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，这项快速发展的技术仍面临诸多挑战与局限，包括如何保障复杂场景下的可靠性与安全性，以及公众对普通出租车司机失业问题的担忧。and连接并列名词，此空与reliability并列作宾语，safe的名词形式为safety，意为“安全”，为不可数名词。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：为推动自动驾驶车辆商业化落地，我国还出台了一系列相关政策。此处表动作目的，应用动词不定式to promote作目的状语，且句首单词首字母应大写。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：本月早些时候，工业和信息化部以及其他四个中央部委选定 20 座城市参与试点项目，该项目以智能网联汽车“车路云一体化”为主题。此空为谓语动词，主语The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology与select为主动关系，时间状语earlier this month表示过去时间，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式selected。 9．考查定语从句。句意：本月早些时候，工业和信息化部以及其他四个中央部委选定20座城市参与试点项目，该项目以智能网联汽车“车路云一体化”为主题。此处为定语从句，先行词是a pilot program，从句修饰先行词且表示所属关系，意为“试点项目的”，应用关系代词whose。 10．考查介词。句意：此举旨在将智能车辆与环境、云端控制系统相结合，为提升自动驾驶技术的安全性与效率铺平道路。此处为固定搭配combine...with...，表示“把……与……相结合”。 （25-26高二下·河南开封·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day after his 1 (dead), a mountain of yellow and white flowers was seen outside his home in Changsha. Among them were bowls of 2 (boil) rice. Several of the mourners said that whenever they sat down to a meal, they would remember “Grandfather Yuan Longping”, 3 super rice has helped to feed China and the world. In 1970, Yuan Longping succeeded 4 crossbreeding the ordinary rice and the wild rice. Since then, he kept on working to make his rice better. Thanks to his hybrid rice, China’s rice crop rose from 57m tonnes in 1950 to 195m in 2017. Higher rice yields also allowed farmers to turn more land to other 5 (use) — fruit, vegetables, fish ponds — so that people not only ate more, 6 also ate well. That was 7 Yuan had done for the world as well. Once his rice grew well, he 8 (donate) seeds to the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines. Then he travelled all across Asia, Africa and America 9 (popularize) the technology. He also invited foreign students to the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre in Changsha to instruct them. A 10 (five) of all rice grown globally now comes from his super rice. 【答案】 1．death 2．boiled 3．whose 4．in 5．uses 6．but 7．what 8．donated 9．to popularize 10．fifth 【导语】本文讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平院士逝世后民众的哀悼，并回顾了他为解决全球粮食问题所做出的卓越贡献。 1．考查名词。句意：在他去世后的一天，人们在他长沙的家外看到了堆积如山的黄白色鲜花。空格位于形容词性物主代词his之后，应填入名词作宾语。dead的名词形式为death，意为“死亡”，不可数。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中有几碗煮熟的米饭。空处为定语修饰名词rice，boil与rice之间是被动关系（米饭被煮熟），应用过去分词作定语。 3．考查定语从句。句意：每当他们坐下来吃饭时，都会想起“袁隆平爷爷”，他的超级稻帮助养活了中国和世界。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Grandfather Yuan Longping，指人，从句中super rice缺少定语，表示“他的超级稻”，所以使用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。 4．考查介词。句意：1970年，袁隆平成功地将普通稻和野生稻进行了杂交。succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。 5．考查名词复数。句意：更高的水稻产量也使农民能够将更多的土地用于其他用途——水果、蔬菜、鱼塘。此处other后接名词，use为可数名词，意为“用途”，根据后文列举的多种用途可知应用复数形式。 6．考查连词。句意：这样人们不仅吃得更多，而且吃得更好。not only...but also...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。 7．考查表语从句。句意：那也是袁隆平为世界所做的事情。此处为表语从句，引导词作宾语，表示“……所做的事情”。 8．考查动词时态。句意：一旦他的水稻长势良好，他就把种子捐赠给了菲律宾的国际水稻研究所。空处为句子谓语，描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。donate的过去式为donated。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他走遍亚洲、非洲和美洲来推广这项技术。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示他旅行的目的是推广技术。 10．考查数词。句意：如今，全球种植的水稻中有五分之一来自他的超级稻。空格位于不定冠词a之后、介词of之前，应用分数。分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数。此处分子是A，应用“a/one + 序数词”的形式表示“几分之一”，five的序数词是fifth。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·新疆·期末）假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办题为“The Most Admirable Scientist”的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： （1）介绍你最敬佩的科学家； （2）说明其品质对你的影响。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The Most Admirable Scientist _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The Most Admirable Scientist Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping the most. He was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice.” Yuan Longping dedicated his life to agricultural research. His groundbreaking work led to the development of hybrid rice, which has helped feed millions of people not only in China but also around the world. This incredible achievement has significantly contributed to solving food shortages globally. Yuan Longping showed that with determination and hard work, we can overcome challenges and make a real difference in the world. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生介绍自己敬佩的一位科学家，文章需包含人物简介及敬佩的具体缘由。 1.词汇积累 创新的：groundbreaking → innovative 难以置信的：incredible → astonishing 成就：achievement → accomplishment 克服，战胜：overcome → conquer 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping the most. He was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice.” 拓展句：Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping the most, who was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice.” 【点睛】【高分句型1】His groundbreaking work led to the development of hybrid rice, which has helped feed millions of people not only in China but also around the world.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Yuan Longping showed that with determination and hard work, we can overcome challenges and make a real difference in the world.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．infection n．感染；传染→ vt.使感染；传染 2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→ vt.证明 link v．证明是 3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→ n．物质；物品；事实根据 4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→ adv.起初 5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→ n．防御；保卫 6．assistant n．助理；助手→ vt.帮助；协助→ n．帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n．礼物；天赋 题型二、核心短语 1．once and for all 2．subscribe to 3．thanks to 4．break out 5．in charge of 6．come down 7．above all 题型三、重点单词 1. ______________　　　　 adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 2. ______________ adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 3. ______________ n. 证据; 证明; 检验 4. ______________ adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 5. ______________ vt. &vi. 怀疑; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人 6. ______________ vt. &n. 责怪; 指责 7. ______________ adj. 生的; 未经处理的 8. ______________ adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的 9. ______________ n. 思想; 思维 10. ______________ adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体 11. ______________ n. & adj. 混凝土; 确实的; 具体的 12. ______________ adj. 优秀的; 杰出的 13. ______________ n. 概念; 观念 14. ______________ adj. 聪颖的; 绝妙的 15. ______________ n. & vt. & vi. 转换; 转移; 转向 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The problem is we can find them there. 2．Tom left immediately. That’s he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job! 3．The problem is will come to replace her. 4．The question is we can get in touch with him. 5．The problem is many teenagers fail to realize the importance of valuing time wisely. 6．This is we must attach great importance to our mental health. 7．My idea is we should spend more time on practical social practice. 8．He paid us back by his (commit) to save us from a slow but painful death. 9．There are enough convincing (prove) to show that he is totally innocent. 10．If he seems a little (defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 11．My smartphone today (handle) everything — from scanning QR codes to paying rent. 12．Given that the driver injured the passer-by, he was so severely punished that his parents were (frustrate). 13．I leave most of the organization of these conferences to my (assist). 14．It is reported that in recent years the house prices in many big cities (decrease) by 10%. 15．The weather was (blame) for the delay, causing the flight to be rescheduled. 16．Mr Wang is reliable. But this time, what he said was (contradict) to what he did. 17．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing (steady). 18．As the sun went down we cast long (shadow) on the lawn. 19．The army recognized him as an (outstanding) able engineer. 20．More than half of all U.S. (household) are heated with natural gas. 题型五、单词拼写 21．To achieve _______ (大量的，实质性的) progress in learning a foreign language, you need consistent daily practice rather than occasional bursts of effort. 22．The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady____________ (下降) since the 1960s. 23．We used to drink ____________ (纯的) milk, but now we drink yoghurt. 24．Immediate ________ (干预) is required to prevent the situation from getting worse and worse. 25．We didn’t ____________ (同意) to the opinion on an increase in the global temperature. 26．The two traditions are closely ________ (联系) to each other. 27．Some of the laws were ________ (矛盾的). Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them. 28．When danger comes we need courage and wisdom to _________ (保卫) our family and precious homeland bravely. 29．Every student should possess a strong ________ (爱国的) devotion and an unshakable resolve to serve their motherland. 30．A healthy diet should help your body resist ________ (感染). 题型六、完成句子 31．他处理这个问题的能力很强。 He has a strong ability ________ ________ the problem. 32．我打算订阅几本科学杂志。 I plan to _______ _______ several science magazines. 33．随着这个问题得以解决，我们现在可以专注于下一个项目了。 _________ ________ ________ ________, we can now focus on the next project. (with复合结构) 34．前几天，这个人被怀疑泄露了政府机密。 The man ________ _______ _______ giving away government secrets the other day. 35．正是人类活动，应该为该地区日益严重的空气污染负责。 It is human activities that ________ ________ ________ ________ the worsening air pollution in this region. 36．多亏了科技的发展，更多的人可以享受比以前更多的音乐。 ________ ________the development of technology, more music is available to more people than before. 37．负责调查的部门只向新闻记者提供了最基本的事实。 Newspaper reporters were given nothing but the bare facts by the department ______ ______ ______ the investigation. 38．在那个宁静的雪夜，仿佛整个世界都静止了。 It seemed __________ __________the entire world had come to a standstill during that quiet, snowy evening. 39．She looked ________ ________ she wanted to ask one more question before we left. 她看起来想在我们离开前再问个问题。 40．I read about your plan, and  ________  ________  _______ I’m writing to voice my opinion. 我获悉了你的计划，那就是我为什么写信发表观点。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二下·河北衡水·期末）Wu Zhenpeng, a 32-year-old IT engineer from Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, was hailing a taxi to reach home after work. A few minutes later, a robotaxi approached, with no driver or operator 1 (sit) inside, and soon Wu was on his way back. “The driverless vehicle operated   2 (smooth) without sudden braking (刹车),” Wu said. The large-scale commercial use of self-driving technology could become 3 reality sooner than expected, and is likely to revolutionize urban transport due to its 4 (great) efficiency in comparison with traditional vehicles, industry experts said. However, the fast-developing technology still faces some challenges and limitations, including   5 to ensure reliability and 6 (safe), especially in complex situations, and public concerns over job losses for regular taxi drivers. China has taken a lead in the research and development as well as the application of autonomous driving technology in recent years. 7 (promote) the commercialization of self-driving vehicles, it has also introduced a series of policies. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as well as four other central government departments 8 (select) 20 cities earlier this month to participate in a pilot program, 9 theme was centered on “vehicle-road-cloud integration” for intelligently connected vehicles. The move aims to combine intelligent vehicles 10 environmental and cloud-based control systems, paving the way for enhanced security and efficiency in autonomous driving technology. （25-26高二下·河南开封·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day after his 1 (dead), a mountain of yellow and white flowers was seen outside his home in Changsha. Among them were bowls of 2 (boil) rice. Several of the mourners said that whenever they sat down to a meal, they would remember “Grandfather Yuan Longping”, 3 super rice has helped to feed China and the world. In 1970, Yuan Longping succeeded 4 crossbreeding the ordinary rice and the wild rice. Since then, he kept on working to make his rice better. Thanks to his hybrid rice, China’s rice crop rose from 57m tonnes in 1950 to 195m in 2017. Higher rice yields also allowed farmers to turn more land to other 5 (use) — fruit, vegetables, fish ponds — so that people not only ate more, 6 also ate well. That was 7 Yuan had done for the world as well. Once his rice grew well, he 8 (donate) seeds to the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines. Then he travelled all across Asia, Africa and America 9 (popularize) the technology. He also invited foreign students to the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre in Changsha to instruct them. A 10 (five) of all rice grown globally now comes from his super rice. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·新疆·期末）假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办题为“The Most Admirable Scientist”的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： （1）介绍你最敬佩的科学家； （2）说明其品质对你的影响。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The Most Admirable Scientist _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $