Unit 1 Science and Scientists（重难词汇精练）2025-2026学年高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 5 题型六、完成句子 6 综合攻坚·能力跃升 8 题型一、语篇语法填空 8 题型二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染 2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是 3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初 5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫 6．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋 题型二、核心短语 1．once and for all最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to同意；赞同 3．thanks to幸亏；由于 4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5．in charge of主管；掌管 6．come down患(病)；染上(小病) 7．above all最重要的是；尤其是 题型三、重点单词 1. severe　　　　 adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 2. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 3. proof n. 证据; 证明; 检验 4. multiple adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 5. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人 6. blame vt. &n. 责怪; 指责 7. raw adj. 生的; 未经处理的 8. substantial adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的 9. thinking n. 思想; 思维 10. solid adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体 11. concrete n. & adj. 混凝土; 确实的; 具体的 12. outstanding adj. 优秀的; 杰出的 13. concept n. 概念; 观念 14. brilliant adj. 聪颖的; 绝妙的 15. shift n. & vt. & vi. 转换; 转移; 转向 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Sir, if you have a problem with the size, talk to the shopping (assist) standing right at the entrance. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：先生，如果您对尺寸有问题，跟就站在入口处的购物助手说。根据句中talk to可知，此处表示对购物助手说，空处应用名词assistant，表示“助手，店员”，shopping assistant意为“购物助手”，这里指特定的在入口处的购物助手，用单数形式作宾语。故填assistant。 2．The fingerprint was a solid (prove) of his presence at the crime scene. 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个指纹无疑证明了他确实在犯罪现场。根据空格前的was a solid可知，空格处应该用单数名词proof作表语。故填proof。 3．Another was that cholera was caused by an (infectious) from germs in food or water. 【答案】infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。an后接名词infection“传染病，感染”作by宾语，冠词an提示用名词单数形式。故填infection。 4． (substance) numbers of people support the reforms. 【答案】Substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大量的人支持改革。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词，substance的形容词为substantial意为“大量的”符合句意，首字母大写。故填Substantial。 5． (brilliance) though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. 【答案】Brilliant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管“辩论者计划”非常出色，但它也有一些弱点。从句是though引导的让步状语从句的倒装句，空处作表语，应用形容词，首字母应大写。故填Brilliant。 6．Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 【答案】initially 【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。空格处修饰形容词scared，应用副词initially，意为“开始，最初”。故填initially。 7．Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear (defend) actions we knew. 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我和埃利吓坏了，试了所有我们知道的防熊方法。空处表示“防熊方法”，使用名词defence作定语，修饰名词actions。故填defence。 8．Jacqueline Felice de Almania highlights the (suspect) that women practicing medicine faced. 【答案】suspicion 【详解】考查名词。句意：杰奎琳・费利斯・德・阿尔马尼亚强调了行医的女性所面临的猜疑。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，suspect的名词形式为 suspicion，意为“猜疑；怀疑”，此处表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填suspicion。 9．The situation is becoming (severe) than before. 【答案】more severe 【详解】考查形容词。句意：情况变得比以前更加严重。作表语，应用形容词，根据“than”可知，应用比较级，severe为多音节形容词，要在其前面加上more构成比较级。故填more severe。 10．The school counselor arranged an (intervene) to help students struggling with stress and anxiety during exam season. 【答案】intervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校辅导员安排了一项干预措施，帮助学生在考试季节与压力和焦虑作斗争。an后跟名词的单数形式，句子表示“学校辅导员安排了一项干预措施，帮助学生在考试季节与压力和焦虑作斗争”，空格处意为“干预”，名词是intervention。故填intervention。 11．The (contradict) demands of justifying and criticizing national prejudice can be seen in the everyday discourse of racism. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在日常的种族主义话语中，可以看到为民族偏见辩护和批判民族偏见这两种相互矛盾的要求。句中需要形容词形式作定语，修饰名词demands，因此使用contradict的形容词形式contradictory，意为“矛盾的”。故填contradictory。 12．A (decrease) in the use of fossil fuels is contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. 【答案】decrease 【详解】考查名词。句意：化石燃料使用的减少有助于减少温室气体排放。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作主语，应使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示 “减少” 含义的名词为：decrease，根据空白处前面的不定冠词a可知空白处填名词单数形式。故填 decrease。 13．To be honest, your (think) always falls behind reality. 【答案】thinking 【详解】考查名词。句意：说实话，你的思想总是落后于现实。分析句子可知，设空处需要名词thinking用作主语，表示“思想”，不可数名词。故填thinking。 14．He stood up in defence of the old lady, saying she was not the one (blame). 【答案】to blame 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他站起来为那位老太太辩护，说她不应该受到责备。be to blame应该受到责备，主动表达被动。本句为动词不定式作定语。故填to blame。 15．With the people Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of life, the novel (vivid) reflects the society at that time. 【答案】vividly 【详解】考查副词。句意：这部小说以哈克贝利·费恩所遇到的形形色色的人物为背景，生动地反映了当时的社会。修饰动词reflects应用提示词的副词形式，vividly“生动地”符合题意。故填vividly。 16．Much to our joy, his health is getting (steady) better with time going by. 【答案】steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：令我们高兴的是，随着时间的推移，他的健康状况正在稳步好转。此处作状语应用副词steadily表示“稳定地”。故填steadily。 17．In reality, the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another. 【答案】shifting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，机械师犯了一个严重的错误，紧张地从一只脚换到另一只脚。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，且the mechanic与shift“转移，转换”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填shifting。 18．The (gift) architect finally achieved a lot. 【答案】gifted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位天才的建筑师最终取得了很大的成就。根据“architect”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，gifted作形容词，表示“有天赋的”，符合句意。故填gifted。 19．She wanted to scream with (frustrate). 【答案】frustration 【详解】考查名词。句意：她沮丧得想尖叫。根据“with”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，frustrate是动词，表示“使沮丧”，名词frustration表示“沮丧”，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填frustration。 20．According to official (statistic), the disease killed a great many people. 【答案】statistics 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据官方统计，这种疾病夺去了很多人的生命。名词statistic作“统计资料，统计数字”是可数名词，数量大于一，用其复数形式，作宾语。故填statistics。 题型五、单词拼写 21．There has been a progressive (减少) in population every year in this city. 【答案】decrease 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个城市的人口每年都在逐渐减少。progressive是形容词，修饰名词，“减少”的名词是decrease，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填decrease。 22．Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think. 【答案】subscribe 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：一些人认同技术正在使我们变得不那么聪明的观点，而另一些人则认为它只是在改变我们的思维方式。根据汉语提示可知，表示“认同”应为动词subscribe，subscribe to“认同，赞同”为固定短语；根据句意和空后的while others argue可知，此处描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Some people为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribe。 23．The fact that he has helped you is a (证明) of his kindness. 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：他帮助过你这一事实就是他善良的证明。proof在句子中作表语，空前有不定冠词“a”，故用名词单数形式。故填proof。 24．These shirts are made from 100% (纯的) cotton so they are of high quality. 【答案】pure 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些衬衫是100%纯棉的，所以质量很高。表示“纯的”使用形容词pure，在句中作定语，修饰名词cotton。故填pure。 25．He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to (为……辩护) him. 【答案】defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：他聘请了一位英国顶级律师为他辩护。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词defend，空前的to是不定式符号，所以空处应填动词原形。故填defend。 26．A healthy diet and regular exercise may help you resist (感染). 【答案】infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食和定期锻炼可以帮助你抵抗感染。空处作resist的宾语，应用名词，结合汉语提示，表示“感染”应用infection，为不可数名词。故填infection。 27．She inherited a (大量的；价值巨大的) fortune from her grandmother, which pulled her through those tough years. 【答案】substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她从祖母那里继承了一笔价值巨大的财富，这帮助她度过了那些艰难的岁月。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词substantial，修饰名词fortune，作定语。故填substantial。 28．When faced with conflicting information, you must determine whether your (最初的) understanding is wrong. 【答案】original/initial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当面对矛盾的信息时，你必须判断你最初的理解是否错误。根据汉语提示“最初的”可知，本空用形容词original或initial，修饰名词understanding，作前置定语。故填original或initial。 29．This cooperation has provided a (框架) for both countries to strengthen their economic ties. 【答案】framework 【详解】考查名词。句意：这种合作为两国加强经济联系提供了一个框架。根据汉语提示“框架”可知，此处为名词framework，作宾语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填framework。 30．The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to be held in memory of the (爱国) poet Qu Yuan. 【答案】patriotic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：端午节，也叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原而举行的节日。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词patriotic，修饰名词poet，作定语。故填patriotic。 题型六、完成句子 31．You could register online and e-learning courses. 你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。 【答案】subscribe to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“订阅”，应用固定短语“subscribe to”，且空处与“register”为并列的谓语动词，位于情态动词“could”之后，应用动词原形。故填subscribe to。 32．斯特恩让特拉维斯负责研究小组。 Stern put Travis the research team. 【答案】 in charge of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：斯特恩让特拉维斯负责研究小组。根据汉语意思“让某人负责……”，可知应填入固定短语put sb. in charge of。故填①in②charge③of。 33．老师让Tom和John努力沟通，彻底地解决他们的争论。 Teacher asked Tom and John to try to communicate with each other and settle their argument . 【答案】 once and for all 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示，表示“彻底地”用固定短语once and for all，作状语。故填once and for all。 34．你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。 , so I am specially writing to congratulate you. 【答案】You have made such great progress 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为you；表示“取得了如此巨大的进步”短语为make such great progress，且动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，助动词用have。首字母大写。故填You have made such great progress。 35．The theory when you consider the impact of climate change on ecosystems. 当你考虑到气候变化对生态系统的影响时，这个理论说得通。 【答案】makes sense 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“说得通”，可用动词短语make sense表示，结合“when you consider”可知，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语The theory是单数，make应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes sense。 36．The computer a powerful tool for data analysis. 计算机作为强大的数据分析工具。 【答案】serves as 【详解】考查固定搭配和动词时态。表示“作为”可用固定短语serve as，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填serves as。 37．As the storm moves off, the winds and thunder . 随着风暴移动离开，风和雷声逐渐减弱。 【答案】die away 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“逐渐减弱”应用动词短语die away，结合“moves off”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为the winds and thunder，谓语使用动词原形。故填die away。 38．The software is available for educational institutions. 该软件对教育机构免费提供。 【答案】free of charge 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“免费”用固定短语free of charge。故填free of charge。 39．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。 your timely help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 【答案】Thanks to 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“幸亏”，固定搭配thanks to，意为“幸亏”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Thanks to。 40．总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 , we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans. 【答案】 All in all it is high time that 【详解】考查介词短语和固定句型。表示“总之”应用介词短语all in all，句首首字母应大写。it is high time that意为“到了……的时候了”，为固定句型，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，从句中动词应用过去式或should do，为虚拟语气。故填①All in all；②it is high time that。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 14th International Symposium (会议) on Digital Earth opened on Monday in Chongqing, 1 (draw) nearly 700 delegates from 30 countries and regions to discuss 2 digital technologies can help quicken progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 3 (co-host) by the International Society for Digital Earth and Southwest University, the three-day event features high-level discussions on technological innovation, ecological advancement and global sustainability. Speakers at the opening ceremony 4 (include) Chongqing Vice-Mayor Ma Zhen, United Nations General Assembly President Csaba Korosi, ISDE President Alessandro Annoni and Southwest University President Wang Jinjun. In his speech, Korosi 5 (strong) stressed the potential of Digital Earth technologies. “Science shapes our understanding of reality, and Digital Earth offers 6 new way to achieve sustainability,” he said, calling for stronger international cooperation. Annoni highlighted China’s role 7 advancing Digital Earth research, mentioning breakthroughs such as AI-powered satellites and digital twins. However, he noted that wide 8 (gap) in sustainable development remain and called for wider adoption of open science principles. The ISDE gave its 9 (high) honor, the ISDE Fellow title, on Annoni and Li Deren, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, for their contributions to geospatial sciences and Digital Earth development. 10 (addition) awards recognized global pioneers in the field. 【答案】 1．drawing 2．how 3．Co-hosted 4．included 5．strongly 6．a 7．in 8．gaps 9．highest 10．Additional 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第十四届国际数字地球研讨会在重庆开幕，来自30个国家和地区的代表参会，讨论数字技术助力可持续发展目标等相关内容。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：第十四届国际数字地球研讨会周一在重庆开幕，吸引了来自30个国家和地区的近700名代表，讨论数字技术如何帮助加快实现联合国可持续发展目标的进程。“draw nearly 700 delegates from 30 countries and regions”作伴随状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“The 14th International Symposium”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填drawing。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：第十四届国际数字地球研讨会周一在重庆开幕，吸引了来自30个国家和地区的近700名代表，讨论数字技术如何帮助加快实现联合国可持续发展目标的进程。“____ digital technologies can help quicken progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals”是宾语从句，结合语境，这里表示“数字技术怎样帮助加快实现联合国可持续发展目标的进程”，用连接副词how引导该从句，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：由国际数字地球学会和西南大学共同主办，为期三天的活动聚焦于技术创新、生态进步和全球可持续发展的高层讨论。“(co-host) by the International Society for Digital Earth and Southwest University”作定语，co-host(联合主办)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“the three day event”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Co-hosted。 4．考查时态。句意：开幕式上的发言者包括重庆市副市长马震、联合国大会主席沙巴·科罗希、国际数字地球学会主席亚历山德罗·安诺尼和西南大学校长王进军。include(包括)是谓语动词，结合语境，这里讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态。故填included。 5．考查副词。句意：在讲话中，科罗希着重强调了数字地球技术的潜力。提示词修饰动词“stressed”，用副词strongly作状语，意为“坚定地；强有力地”。故填strongly。 6．考查冠词。句意：“科学塑造了我们对现实的理解，数字地球提供了一种实现可持续发展的新途径，”他说，并呼吁加强国际合作。可数名词单数way在句中表示“一种新途径”，泛指，且new发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7．考查介词。句意：安诺尼强调了中国在推进数字地球研究方面的作用，提到了人工智能卫星和数字孪生等突破。名词role(角色；作用)常与介词in搭配，意为“在……方面的作用”。故填in。 8．考查名词。句意：然而，他指出，可持续发展方面仍然存在巨大差距，并呼吁更广泛地采用开放科学原则。可数名词gap(差距)作从句主语，结合谓语动词“remain”可知，主语是复数形式表泛指。故填gaps。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：国际数字地球学会将其最高荣誉——国际数字地球学会会士称号授予了安诺尼和中国科学院院士李德仁，以表彰他们对地理空间科学和数字地球发展的贡献。根据语境，这里表示“最高荣誉”，用形容词最高级highest作定语。故填highest。 10．考查形容词。句意：其他奖项表彰了该领域的全球先驱。提示词修饰名词“awards”，用形容词additional作定语，意为“额外的，其他的”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Additional。 （24-25高二下·广西钦州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China will work with other countries to promote the digital transformation of education through technological innovation, Vice-Premier Ding Xuexiang said on Wednesday. Ding made the remarks at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Digital Education Conference, 1 began in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province. Ding said that China will boost joint efforts 2 (develop) generic technologies, as well as more services and products, which meet diverse learning needs to deepen international 3 (cooperate) in digital education. “We should 4 (joint) advance the inclusive sharing of digital education achievements by supporting developing countries in 5 (they) digital education efforts and helping bridge development gaps,” he said. Ding also 6 (call) for global action to strengthen ethical and security safeguards in digital education, including oversight of intelligent education tools and services. In a keynote speech at the event, Education Minister Huai Jinpeng said artificial intelligence is reshaping 7 global education landscape, and China will pursue a human-centred and ethically guided approach 8 education reform. “We must never lose sight of the fundamental purpose of education,” Huai said, 9 (urge) a balance between innovation and preserving core educational values. Education, he said, should focus on cultivating young people’s abilities in observation, 10 (independence) thinking, rational judgment, innovation and complex problem-solving. 【答案】 1．which 2．to develop 3．cooperation 4．jointly 5．their 6．called 7．the 8．to 9．urging 10．independent 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国将和其他国家一起合作，通过技术创新，促进教育的数字化转型。 1．考查定语从句。句意：丁薛祥是在2025年世界数字教育大会开幕式上发表上述讲话的，该大会在湖北省省会武汉举行。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the 2025 World Digital Education Conference，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：丁表示，中国将加大联合研发通用技术的力度，同时开发更多满足多样化学习需求的服务和产品，以深化数字教育领域的国际合作。boost efforts to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“加大力度做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式。故填to develop。 3．考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作动词deepen的宾语，cooperate的名词为cooperation“合作”，不可数名词。故填cooperation。 4．考查副词。句意：我们应该共同推动数字教育成果的包容性共享，支持发展中国家的数字教育努力，帮助缩小发展差距。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词advance，joint的副词为jointly“共同地”。故填jointly。 5．考查形容词性物主代词。句意同上。空处需用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词digital education efforts，they的形容词性物主代词为their“他们的”。故填their。 6．考查动词时态。句意：丁还呼吁全球采取行动，加强对数字教育的伦理和安全保障，包括对智能教育工具和服务的监督。根据上下文语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，call的过去式为called。故填called。 7．考查冠词。句意：教育部部长怀进鹏在大会主旨演讲中表示，人工智能正在重塑全球教育格局，中国将坚持以人为本、伦理引领的教育改革道路。根据空后global education landscape可知，空处需用定冠词the，表示特指“全球教育格局”。故填the。 8．考查介词。句意同上。an approach to...表示“……的方法”，固定搭配，所以空处需用介词to。故填to。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：怀进鹏说：“我们绝不能忽视教育的根本目的。”他敦促在创新与维护核心教育价值之间取得平衡。本句已有谓语动词said，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词urge与主句主语Huai之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词urging作伴随状语。故填urging。 10．考查形容词。句意：他说，教育应该注重培养年轻人的观察力、独立思考能力、理性判断能力、创新能力和解决复杂问题的能力。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词thinking，independence的形容词为independent“独立的”。故填independent。 题型二、应用文写作 （24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山·期中）你所在的城市正在举办科技展，展品包括各种机器人，比如服务机器人（service robots）、教育机器人（educational robots）、工业机器人（industrial robots）、医疗机器人（medical robots）等，请你选择一类机器人展品向来这里参观的同学们介绍一下。 内容包括：1.介绍它的用途。 2.说明它的优点。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右。 2.开头已给出。 Good morning, everyone! Today I will be speaking to you about ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】   Good morning, everyone! Today I will be speaking to you about educational robots. These robots are designed to revolutionize learning. They can teach various subjects, from math to languages, by providing interactive lessons. Students can ask questions, and the robots will offer instant answers.       The greatest advantage of educational robots is their personalized approach. They adapt to each student’s pace, ensuring better understanding. Additionally, they make learning fun, which helps students stay engaged. With educational robots, learning becomes more efficient and enjoyable. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就所在的城市正在举办科技展中的一款机器人进行介绍。内容包括：介绍它的用途和说明它的优点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 能够：can→be able to 不同的：various→different 提供：provide→supply 理解：understanding→comprehension 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： They can teach various subjects, from math to languages, by providing interactive lessons. 拓展句：They can teach various subjects, which range from math to languages, by providing interactive lessons. 【点睛】【高分句型1】They adapt to each student’s pace, ensuring better understanding. （运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】 Additionally, they make learning fun, which helps students stay engaged. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 3 题型六、完成句子 3 综合攻坚·能力跃升 4 题型一、语篇语法填空 4 题型二、应用文写作 5 题型一、词性转换 1．infection n．感染；传染→ vt.使感染；传染 2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→ vt.证明 link v．证明是 3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→ n．物质；物品；事实根据 4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→ adv.起初 5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→ n．防御；保卫 6．assistant n．助理；助手→ vt.帮助；协助→ n．帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n．礼物；天赋 题型二、核心短语 1．once and for all 2．subscribe to 3．thanks to 4．break out 5．in charge of 6．come down 7．above all 题型三、重点单词 1. ______________　　　　 adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 2. ______________ adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 3. ______________ n. 证据; 证明; 检验 4. ______________ adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 5. ______________ vt. &vi. 怀疑; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人 6. ______________ vt. &n. 责怪; 指责 7. ______________ adj. 生的; 未经处理的 8. ______________ adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的 9. ______________ n. 思想; 思维 10. ______________ adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体 11. ______________ n. & adj. 混凝土; 确实的; 具体的 12. ______________ adj. 优秀的; 杰出的 13. ______________ n. 概念; 观念 14. ______________ adj. 聪颖的; 绝妙的 15. ______________ n. & vt. & vi. 转换; 转移; 转向 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Sir, if you have a problem with the size, talk to the shopping (assist) standing right at the entrance. 2．The fingerprint was a solid (prove) of his presence at the crime scene. 3．Another was that cholera was caused by an (infectious) from germs in food or water. 4． (substance) numbers of people support the reforms. 5． (brilliance) though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. 6．Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 7．Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear (defend) actions we knew. 8．Jacqueline Felice de Almania highlights the (suspect) that women practicing medicine faced. 9．The situation is becoming (severe) than before. 10．The school counselor arranged an (intervene) to help students struggling with stress and anxiety during exam season. 11．The (contradict) demands of justifying and criticizing national prejudice can be seen in the everyday discourse of racism. 12．A (decrease) in the use of fossil fuels is contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. 13．To be honest, your (think) always falls behind reality. 14．He stood up in defence of the old lady, saying she was not the one (blame). 15．With the people Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of life, the novel (vivid) reflects the society at that time. 16．Much to our joy, his health is getting (steady) better with time going by. 17．In reality, the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another. 18．The (gift) architect finally achieved a lot. 19．She wanted to scream with (frustrate). 20．According to official (statistic), the disease killed a great many people. 题型五、单词拼写 21．There has been a progressive (减少) in population every year in this city. 22．Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think. 23．The fact that he has helped you is a (证明) of his kindness. 24．These shirts are made from 100% (纯的) cotton so they are of high quality. 25．He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to (为……辩护) him. 26．A healthy diet and regular exercise may help you resist (感染). 27．She inherited a (大量的；价值巨大的) fortune from her grandmother, which pulled her through those tough years. 28．When faced with conflicting information, you must determine whether your (最初的) understanding is wrong. 29．This cooperation has provided a (框架) for both countries to strengthen their economic ties. 30．The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to be held in memory of the (爱国) poet Qu Yuan. 题型六、完成句子 31．You could register online and e-learning courses. 你可以在线注册并订阅网络课程。 32．斯特恩让特拉维斯负责研究小组。 Stern put Travis the research team. 33．老师让Tom和John努力沟通，彻底地解决他们的争论。 Teacher asked Tom and John to try to communicate with each other and settle their argument . 34．你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。 , so I am specially writing to congratulate you. 35．The theory when you consider the impact of climate change on ecosystems. 当你考虑到气候变化对生态系统的影响时，这个理论说得通。 36．The computer a powerful tool for data analysis. 计算机作为强大的数据分析工具。 37．As the storm moves off, the winds and thunder . 随着风暴移动离开，风和雷声逐渐减弱。 38．The software is available for educational institutions. 该软件对教育机构免费提供。 39．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。 your timely help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 40．总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 , we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 14th International Symposium (会议) on Digital Earth opened on Monday in Chongqing, 1 (draw) nearly 700 delegates from 30 countries and regions to discuss 2 digital technologies can help quicken progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 3 (co-host) by the International Society for Digital Earth and Southwest University, the three-day event features high-level discussions on technological innovation, ecological advancement and global sustainability. Speakers at the opening ceremony 4 (include) Chongqing Vice-Mayor Ma Zhen, United Nations General Assembly President Csaba Korosi, ISDE President Alessandro Annoni and Southwest University President Wang Jinjun. In his speech, Korosi 5 (strong) stressed the potential of Digital Earth technologies. “Science shapes our understanding of reality, and Digital Earth offers 6 new way to achieve sustainability,” he said, calling for stronger international cooperation. Annoni highlighted China’s role 7 advancing Digital Earth research, mentioning breakthroughs such as AI-powered satellites and digital twins. However, he noted that wide 8 (gap) in sustainable development remain and called for wider adoption of open science principles. The ISDE gave its 9 (high) honor, the ISDE Fellow title, on Annoni and Li Deren, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, for their contributions to geospatial sciences and Digital Earth development. 10 (addition) awards recognized global pioneers in the field. （24-25高二下·广西钦州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China will work with other countries to promote the digital transformation of education through technological innovation, Vice-Premier Ding Xuexiang said on Wednesday. Ding made the remarks at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Digital Education Conference, 1 began in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province. Ding said that China will boost joint efforts 2 (develop) generic technologies, as well as more services and products, which meet diverse learning needs to deepen international 3 (cooperate) in digital education. “We should 4 (joint) advance the inclusive sharing of digital education achievements by supporting developing countries in 5 (they) digital education efforts and helping bridge development gaps,” he said. Ding also 6 (call) for global action to strengthen ethical and security safeguards in digital education, including oversight of intelligent education tools and services. In a keynote speech at the event, Education Minister Huai Jinpeng said artificial intelligence is reshaping 7 global education landscape, and China will pursue a human-centred and ethically guided approach 8 education reform. “We must never lose sight of the fundamental purpose of education,” Huai said, 9 (urge) a balance between innovation and preserving core educational values. Education, he said, should focus on cultivating young people’s abilities in observation, 10 (independence) thinking, rational judgment, innovation and complex problem-solving. 题型二、应用文写作 （24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山·期中）你所在的城市正在举办科技展，展品包括各种机器人，比如服务机器人（service robots）、教育机器人（educational robots）、工业机器人（industrial robots）、医疗机器人（medical robots）等，请你选择一类机器人展品向来这里参观的同学们介绍一下。 内容包括：1.介绍它的用途。 2.说明它的优点。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右。 2.开头已给出。 Good morning, everyone! Today I will be speaking to you about ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$