26-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以“题型-方法-逻辑”三维架构整合阅读理解专项训练，通过典型篇章与精准解析，系统培养细节定位、主旨归纳、逻辑推理等核心能力，融合语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |主旨题|1题（A篇）|抓“balanced assessment”基调，排除极端选项|从局部信息到整体观点，培养概括能力| |细节题|3题（A/B篇）|原文定位关键信息，比对选项与原文差异|基于文本证据的精准理解，夯实语言能力| |词汇题|1题（A篇）|结合上下文语境（如“triumph or tragedy”）推断词义|通过语境分析提升词汇应用能力| |推理题|1题（B篇）|依据“studies have shown... yet...”逻辑链推断观点|从事实到结论的思维推导，发展思维品质| |七选五|5题（C篇）|抓段落主题句与逻辑衔接（如“Technology”与AR等技术对应）|篇章结构与逻辑关系的整体把握|

Branch 26 高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Three Gorges Dam, spanning the Yangtze River, stands as a monument to human engineering ambition. Since its completion, it has generated vast amounts of clean electricity, reduced flood risk for millions, and improved navigation along one of China's most important waterways. Yet the dam's legacy is more complex than its advocates suggest, and more beneficial than its critics acknowledge. A balanced assessment requires weighing multiple dimensions. The environmental consequences have been significant. The reservoir flooded vast areas, displacing over a million people and submerging archaeological sites. The altered water flow has changed sediment patterns, affecting downstream ecosystems. Fish populations, including the endangered Chinese sturgeon, have been disrupted by the dam's presence. Greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir itself, from decomposing organic matter, are not negligible. These costs are real and, in some cases, irreversible. Yet the benefits are equally substantial. The dam's generating capacity exceeds that of many countries' entire power grids, replacing coal-fired electricity that would have produced far greater pollution. Flood control has protected cities and farmland downstream, preventing catastrophic losses. The improved navigation has reduced transport costs and stimulated economic development along the river. These benefits have improved millions of lives and contributed to China's economic transformation. The social dimensions are perhaps the most contentious. The resettlement of over a million people represented one of the largest such operations in history. While compensation and new housing were provided, the disruption of communities, livelihoods, and cultural ties was profound. Some former residents have prospered in their new locations; others have struggled to rebuild lives and communities. The legacy of displacement continues to shape the lives of those affected. The debate about the dam often polarizes into simplistic narratives of triumph or tragedy. Both miss the complexity. Large infrastructure projects inevitably involve trade-offs—gains in one area, losses in another. The question is not whether the dam has been wholly good or bad, but how its costs and benefits have been distributed, and what lessons can be learned for future projects. The dam's story reminds us that technological progress is never without cost. 1.What is the author's main purpose in this passage? A. To argue that the Three Gorges Dam was a complete failure. B. To present a balanced assessment of the dam's costs and benefits. C. To celebrate the dam as an unqualified success. D. To criticize the government for building the dam. 2.According to paragraph 2, what environmental impacts have resulted from the dam? A. Increased fish populations and improved water quality. B. Flooding of land, changes in sediment patterns, and disruption of fish populations. C. Reduced carbon emissions from all sources. D. Only positive impacts without any negative consequences. 3.What does the author say about the social impact of resettlement? A. All displaced people have successfully rebuilt their lives. B. The impact has been mixed, with some prospering and others struggling. C. Resettlement had no effect on people's lives. D. Compensation was inadequate for everyone. 4.The word "polarizes" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. divides into opposing extremes B. simplifies into one clear answer C. resolves peacefully D. complicates without resolution B The concept of "cognitive load" has become increasingly important in educational psychology and instructional design. Cognitive load refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in working memory. Understanding this concept is essential for designing effective learning experiences that maximize retention and minimize frustration. Working memory, the system that holds and manipulates temporary information, has limited capacity. This limitation is the fundamental constraint on learning. When the demands of a task exceed working memory capacity, learning becomes inefficient or impossible. Cognitive load theory distinguishes between three types of load: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the material being learned—complex topics naturally require more mental effort. Extraneous load comes from how information is presented—poorly designed instruction increases unnecessary cognitive burden. Germane load refers to the mental effort devoted to processing and understanding information in ways that promote learning. The practical implications of this framework are significant. Instructional designers can reduce extraneous load through clear presentation, eliminating irrelevant information, and providing organized structures. They can manage intrinsic load by breaking complex material into smaller components and sequencing instruction from simple to complex. They can promote germane load by encouraging deep processing, providing opportunities for practice, and connecting new information to prior knowledge. These principles apply across subjects and age groups. Digital learning environments present particular challenges and opportunities for cognitive load management. Interactive elements, if well designed, can enhance engagement and promote deeper processing. However, poorly designed digital interfaces can dramatically increase extraneous load. Split attention—requiring learners to integrate information from multiple sources—is a common problem in digital learning. Solutions include integrated rather than separated information, clear visual hierarchies, and elimination of redundant elements. The application of cognitive load theory has been demonstrated in classrooms. Studies have shown that students taught with cognitively optimized materials learn more deeply and retain information longer than those taught with conventional materials. The benefits are particularly pronounced for novice learners, who have less existing knowledge to draw upon. Yet many educational materials continue to violate cognitive load principles, suggesting a gap between research and practice. The cognitive load framework offers a bridge between cognitive science and educational practice. By understanding the constraints of human cognition, educators can design experiences that work with, rather than against, the learning process. In an era of information abundance, managing cognitive load has become not just an educational principle but a survival skill. 5.According to paragraph 2, what is the fundamental constraint on learning? A. The amount of time available for study. B. The limited capacity of working memory. C. The difficulty of the subject matter. D. The quality of teaching materials. 6.Which type of cognitive load refers to the mental effort needed to understand complex material? A. Extraneous load. B. Intrinsic load. C. Germane load. D. No load at all. 7.What problem does the author identify in digital learning environments? A. They are always more effective than traditional learning. B. They can increase extraneous load through poor design, such as split attention. C. They have no impact on cognitive load. D. They are too expensive for most schools. 8.Which of the following best summarizes the author's view on the application of cognitive load theory? A. It is irrelevant to real-world education. B. It has been proven effective but is not widely applied. C. It applies only to digital learning, not traditional classrooms. D. It is useful only for advanced learners. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C The rise of "experiential retail" represents a fundamental shift in how businesses think about physical stores. Traditional retail focused on efficient transactions: customers entered, selected products, paid, and left. Experiential retail, by contrast, emphasizes the experience of shopping itself, turning stores into destinations that offer entertainment, education, and social connection. [9] ______ In an era of online shopping, physical stores must offer something that cannot be delivered through a screen. Experience becomes the competitive advantage. Stores that merely offer products are competing on price and convenience—battles they will increasingly lose to online platforms. Stores that offer experiences create reasons for customers to visit that go beyond purchasing. [10] ______ Cooking classes in kitchenware stores, book readings in bookstores, skincare consultations in beauty shops, and in-store cafes are common examples. These activities extend dwell time, increase opportunities for discovery and purchase, and build emotional connections between customers and brands. The store becomes a community hub rather than merely a sales channel. Technology plays a significant role in experiential retail. [11] ______ Augmented reality allows customers to visualize products in their own spaces before purchase. Interactive displays respond to customer movement, adapting content in real-time. Mobile integration enables customers to access additional information, receive personalized recommendations, and make purchases seamlessly. These technologies enhance rather than replace human interaction. However, experiential retail is not without challenges. The investment required for experiential elements is substantial, and not every experiment succeeds. [12] ______ Overly complicated experiences can overwhelm customers or create barriers to purchase. Technology can fail, and staff training for interactive experiences requires ongoing investment. The balance between entertainment and efficiency must be carefully managed. The shift toward experiential retail reflects broader changes in consumer values. [13] ______ In a world of material abundance, experiences rather than things have become scarce and valued. The experience economy is not a passing trend but a structural shift in how consumers allocate time and money. Understanding this shift is essential for retailers seeking to remain relevant. 选项（A-G）： A. Many retailers have added experiential elements to their stores. B. Success requires careful attention to customer needs and preferences. C. Experiential retail has been proven to fail in all contexts. D. Consumers increasingly value experiences over material possessions. E. The fundamental motivation for experiential retail is differentiation from online shopping. F. Augmented reality, interactive displays, and mobile apps have transformed store experiences. G. Physical stores will soon disappear completely from the market. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。全文开篇指出三峡大坝"legacy is more complex than its advocates suggest, and more beneficial than its critics acknowledge"，随后分别讨论环境代价（第二段）、效益（第三段）、社会影响（第四段），最后以"trade-offs"和"not wholly good or bad"作结，呈现了平衡的评估。A项"完全失败"、C项"完全成功"、D项"批评政府"均与"balanced assessment"的全文基调不符。 第2题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第二段列举了多项环境后果：水库淹没土地（"flooded vast areas"）、泥沙模式改变（"changed sediment patterns"）、鱼类种群受干扰（"fish populations... disrupted"）。A项"鱼类增加"与"disrupted"相反；C项"所有源头的碳排放减少"与"emissions from the reservoir"的讨论矛盾；D项"仅有正面影响"与原文"costs are real"矛盾。 第3题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第四段指出"Some former residents have prospered... others have struggled"，即影响好坏参半。A项"所有移民都重建成功"与"others have struggled"矛盾；C项"没有影响"与"profound"矛盾；D项"补偿对所有人都不足"过于绝对，文中未作此判断。 第4题 答案：A 解析：词汇猜测题。"polarizes"意为"两极分化"。文中批评"debate about the dam often polarizes into simplistic narratives of triumph or tragedy"，即辩论常分裂为"成功"或"悲剧"两种对立的简单叙事。B项"简化为一个答案"未体现对立；C项"和平解决"与"debate"语境不符；D项"复杂化无解"与"simplistic"相反。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第二段明确指出"Working memory... has limited capacity. This limitation is the fundamental constraint on learning"。A项"学习时间"、C项"科目难度"、D项"教材质量"均非"根本限制"。 第6题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第二段定义"Intrinsic load is inherent to the material being learned—complex topics naturally require more mental effort"。A项"外在负荷"来自信息呈现方式；C项"相关负荷"来自促进学习的深度处理；D项"无负荷"不成立。 第7题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第四段指出"poorly designed digital interfaces can dramatically increase extraneous load"，并具体举例"Split attention—requiring learners to integrate information from multiple sources—is a common problem"。A项"总是更有效"与"challenges"的讨论矛盾；C项"没有影响"与"dramatically increase"矛盾；D项"太贵"未提及。 第8题 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第五段指出"Studies have shown that students taught with cognitively optimized materials learn more deeply... Yet many educational materials continue to violate cognitive load principles, suggesting a gap between research and practice"，即理论已被证明有效但应用不足。A项"无关"与"demonstrated"矛盾；C项"仅适用于数字学习"与"classrooms"矛盾；D项"仅对高级学习者有用"与"particularly pronounced for novice learners"相反。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：E 解析：前文介绍了体验式零售的定义，后文指出在线购物时代实体店必须提供屏幕无法提供的东西。E项"体验式零售的根本动机是与在线购物差异化"是解释为什么体验式零售兴起的原因，与后文"Experience becomes the competitive advantage"直接呼应。 第10题 答案：A 解析：后文列举了烹饪课、读书会、护肤咨询、店内咖啡馆等具体例子。A项"许多零售商在店里增加了体验元素"是该段的主题句，引出具体案例。B项"成功需要关注顾客需求"虽相关但不是该段重点。 第11题 答案：F 解析：前文"Technology plays a significant role"，后文列举增强现实、互动展示、移动集成等具体技术。F项"增强现实、互动展示和移动应用已经改变了商店体验"概括了这些技术的作用，与后文形成总分。 第12题 答案：B 解析：前文提到体验式零售面临挑战（投资大、不一定成功），后文指出过度复杂的体验可能使顾客不堪重负或阻碍购买。B项"成功需要仔细关注顾客需求和偏好"与挑战的讨论形成逻辑——正因为有这些挑战，成功才需要关注顾客需求。 第13题 答案：D 解析：前文"reflects broader changes in consumer values"，后文"Experiences rather than things have become scarce and valued"。D项"消费者越来越看重体验而非物质拥有"准确概括了这种价值观转变。C项"体验式零售在所有情境下都失败"与全文对其增长趋势的描述矛盾；G项"实体店很快会完全消失"过于极端且与主题无关。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $