21-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 高考阅读理解专题训练，通过题型分类解析构建系统性解题方法，融合文化传承、能源转型等主题，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A篇|4题|写作目的题定位主题句、细节题原文比对、词汇题上下文推断|以文化传承为载体，构建"现象-原因-挑战-对策"的逻辑链| |B篇|4题|推理题抓隐含信息、段落主旨题分析首尾句、观点题识别评价性语言|围绕能源转型的政治社会维度，形成"问题-影响-解决方案"的论证结构| |C篇|5题|七选五关注段落衔接词、主题句匹配、逻辑关系分析|以睡眠与心理健康的双向关系为核心，建立"机制-关联-应用"的认知框架|

Branch 21 高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A On a remote island off the coast of Fujian, a group of elderly women gathers each morning to perform a ritual that has sustained their community for centuries. They chant ancient songs in a dialect few outsiders understand, their voices rising and falling in patterns that echo the rhythms of the sea. This is not mere entertainment—it is a living repository of history, ecology, and social memory, passed down through generations of women who serve as the guardians of their community's intangible cultural heritage. The phenomenon of women as primary transmitters of cultural knowledge is widespread across China's coastal and mountainous regions. In these communities, where men historically worked as fishermen or laborers away from home, women assumed responsibility for education and cultural continuity. They maintained the oral traditions, agricultural calendars, healing practices, and ritual knowledge that defined their communities. This gendered division of cultural labor has shaped not only what knowledge survives but also how it is transmitted—through song, story, and embodied practice rather than written text. Modernization threatens these traditions. Young people, drawn to cities for education and employment, have little opportunity to learn from their elders. The languages in which this knowledge is embedded are disappearing; UNESCO estimates that one language dies every two weeks, taking with it centuries of accumulated wisdom. Government preservation efforts, while well-intentioned, often focus on documenting rather than revitalizing—creating archives that record knowledge without ensuring its continued practice. Yet there are signs of resilience. In several communities, young women are returning from the cities, motivated by a renewed appreciation for their heritage. They are using digital tools to record, translate, and share traditional knowledge with wider audiences. Some have established cultural tourism initiatives that provide economic incentives for maintaining traditions. These efforts suggest that preservation may succeed not through isolation but through adaptation—finding ways for traditional knowledge to remain relevant in contemporary contexts. The implications extend beyond cultural preservation. The knowledge held by these women includes sustainable agricultural practices, traditional medicine, and ecological understanding that has been refined over centuries. As the world seeks solutions to environmental challenges, these knowledge systems may prove invaluable. The survival of these traditions is not merely a matter of cultural sentiment but of practical wisdom that could benefit broader society. The story of these women challenges assumptions about who creates and preserves knowledge. In a world that often privileges written records and formal institutions, the oral traditions maintained by women represent a different way of knowing—one that is embodied, relational, and deeply rooted in place. Their persistence reminds us that knowledge can be carried not only in books but in voices, not only in archives but in communities. 1.What is the author's main purpose in describing the elderly women's ritual in paragraph 1? A. To highlight the beauty of traditional Chinese folk music B. To illustrate how cultural knowledge is transmitted through women C. To argue that these rituals should be preserved unchanged D. To explain why young people are leaving rural areas 2.According to paragraph 2, why did women in these communities become primary transmitters of cultural knowledge? A. They were naturally more talented in singing and storytelling B. Men were absent for work and women took on cultural responsibilities C. Women were forbidden from participating in other types of work D. The government specifically assigned this role to women 3.The underlined word "embedded" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. hidden B. forgotten C. rooted D. translated 4.Which of the following best summarizes the author's view of government preservation efforts? A. They are completely ineffective and should be abandoned B. They are important but insufficient, focusing on documentation rather than practice C. They are the only solution to cultural decline D. They are too expensive and should be reduced B The conversation around renewable energy has been dominated by technological considerations: the efficiency of solar panels, the capacity of wind turbines, the viability of energy storage. These are important questions, but they obscure an equally significant challenge—the social and political dimensions of the energy transition. As the world moves away from fossil fuels, who wins and who loses is not merely a technical matter but a deeply political one. The distribution of renewable resources is strikingly uneven. Solar radiation is most abundant in equatorial regions, wind resources in coastal and high-altitude areas, and hydropower in mountainous regions with significant rainfall. These patterns create new geographies of energy wealth that do not align with existing fossil fuel distribution. Countries that have built their economies around oil and gas face the prospect of stranded assets and economic disruption. The transition demands not only technological adaptation but also economic restructuring that may be politically volatile. Employment patterns are shifting in complex ways. The renewable energy sector creates jobs—solar installation, wind turbine maintenance, grid modernization—but these jobs are often located in different regions than the fossil fuel jobs they replace. A coal miner in Shanxi cannot easily transition to a solar technician position in the same community. The skills are different, the locations are different, and the compensation structures are different. Managing this transition requires policy responses that go well beyond energy planning. Local acceptance of renewable projects is another critical factor. Communities often oppose wind farms or solar arrays for aesthetic, environmental, or land-use reasons. These objections are not irrational; they reflect legitimate concerns about landscape changes, noise, and impacts on property values. Addressing these concerns requires community engagement, benefit-sharing arrangements, and transparent planning processes. Projects that fail to secure local support can face delays, legal challenges, and ultimately cancellation. The governance of renewable energy also raises questions about equity. Who owns renewable energy infrastructure? Does it concentrate wealth in the hands of large corporations, or can it be distributed more broadly through community ownership models? Can the benefits of the energy transition be shared fairly across income groups and regions? These questions are rarely considered in engineering discussions, but they will determine whether the energy transition is accepted as legitimate. The energy transition is often framed as a technical challenge requiring a technical solution. This framing is convenient for those who prefer to avoid difficult political questions, but it is fundamentally misleading. The transition is not merely a matter of swapping one technology for another. It is a transformation of economic structures, social relationships, and political power. Addressing it as such is the only path to a transition that is not only sustainable but also just. 5.Why does the author argue that the energy transition is "deeply political" (paragraph 1)? A. Because politicians are responsible for building wind farms B. Because it creates winners and losers with different interests C. Because all decisions about energy require international treaties D. Because renewable energy is more expensive than fossil fuels 6.According to paragraph 3, what challenge does the employment transition present? A. There are not enough jobs in the renewable energy sector B. Jobs created in renewable energy are not in the same locations as lost fossil fuel jobs C. Renewable energy jobs pay less than fossil fuel jobs D. Most workers refuse to learn new skills 7.Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of paragraph 4? A. To argue that community opposition to renewable projects is unreasonable B. To suggest that renewable projects should be built without community input C. To explain why community engagement is essential for project success D. To compare wind farms unfavorably with solar arrays 8.What is the author's overall attitude toward the energy transition? A. It will fail because of political opposition B. It is purely a technical matter and political questions are irrelevant C. It requires addressing both technical and political/social dimensions D. It should be postponed until all political issues are resolved 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C The relationship between sleep and mental health has become one of the most intensively studied areas of neuroscience. Research consistently demonstrates that sleep disturbances are both a symptom and a cause of mental health conditions. This bidirectional relationship means that addressing sleep problems can improve mental health, and treating mental health conditions can improve sleep. [9] ______ Sleep deprivation impairs the brain's ability to process emotional information, leading to heightened reactivity to negative stimuli and reduced capacity for emotional regulation. Healthy sleep, by contrast, allows the brain to process and consolidate emotional experiences in ways that reduce their intensity. The precise mechanisms are still being investigated. [10] ______ During REM sleep, the brain processes emotional memories in a way that separates the emotional content from the memory itself. This process appears to allow the brain to retain important information while reducing its emotional charge, a function that may be essential for psychological resilience. [11] ______ Chronic insomnia is associated with significantly higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and major depression. Conversely, successful treatment of insomnia often leads to improvements in these conditions, even when the mental health treatment focuses specifically on the sleep problem. This finding has led to the development of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia as a treatment option for patients with mental health diagnoses. The implications for healthcare are substantial. [12] ______ Yet mental health assessments rarely include a thorough sleep evaluation, and sleep problems are often treated separately by different specialists. Better integration of sleep and mental health care could improve outcomes for both. Simple sleep improvements can make a meaningful difference. [13] ______ Even moderate improvements in sleep quality have been shown to produce measurable benefits in mood, anxiety levels, and daytime functioning. This has led to growing interest in sleep-focused interventions as accessible, cost-effective strategies for supporting mental health. 选项（A-G）： A. Sleep has been shown to play a crucial role in emotional regulation. B. Regular physical activity can improve sleep quality significantly. C. One mechanism involves the role of sleep in processing emotional memories. D. The relationship between sleep and mental health runs in both directions. E. Despite this evidence, sleep is often overlooked in mental health treatment. F. Mental health problems are often resistant to treatment without addressing sleep. G. Sleep is a luxury that modern society can no longer afford. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：写作目的题。第一段描述老年妇女的仪式——吟唱古歌、传承历史与生态知识——最终落脚于"guardians of their community's intangible cultural heritage"。作者在此引入主题：文化知识通过女性传承。A项"强调民间音乐之美"是表面描述而非深层目的；C项"主张原封不动保留"过于绝对；D项"解释年轻人为什么离开"与第一段内容无关。 第2题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第二段明确指出"where men historically worked as fishermen or laborers away from home, women assumed responsibility for education and cultural continuity"——男性外出工作，女性承担了文化传承责任。A项"天生更有天赋"文中未提及；C项"被禁止从事其他工作"文中未提及；D项"政府指定"文中未提及，且与传统社群内部职能分工不符。 第3题 答案：C 解析：词汇猜测题。"embedded"意为"嵌入的、扎根的"。原文"The languages in which this knowledge is embedded are disappearing"意指承载这些知识的语言正在消失，即知识扎根于语言之中。hidden（隐藏）、forgotten（被遗忘）、translated（翻译）均不符合。 第4题 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。第三段指出"Government preservation efforts, while well-intentioned, often focus on documenting rather than revitalizing—creating archives that record knowledge without ensuring its continued practice"，作者认为政府努力用心良苦（well-intentioned）但不够充分，侧重记录而非实践。A项"完全无效"过于极端；C项"唯一解决方案"与"often focus on documenting rather than revitalizing"的批评矛盾；D项"太贵应减少"文中未提及。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第一段指出技术问题掩盖了同等重要的社会与政治维度——"who wins and who loses is not merely a technical matter but a deeply political one"，即能源转型产生输家和赢家，涉及不同利益的分配，因此具有政治性。A项"因为政治家负责建设风电场"过于简化；C项"所有能源决策都需要国际条约"过于绝对且未提及；D项"可再生能源比化石燃料贵"不是"政治性"的根本原因。 第6题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第三段明确指出"these jobs are often located in different regions than the fossil fuel jobs they replace. A coal miner in Shanxi cannot easily transition to a solar technician position in the same community"。A项"可再生能源岗位不够"与"creates jobs"矛盾；C项"工资更低"文中未提及；D项"工人拒绝学习新技能"文中未提及。 第7题 答案：C 解析：段落主旨题。第四段主题为社区对可再生能源项目的接受度，指出"addressing these concerns requires community engagement, benefit-sharing arrangements, and transparent planning processes"，并以"Projects that fail to secure local support can face delays..."强调社区参与的重要性。A项"反对不合理"与"legitimate concerns"矛盾；B项"无需社区意见"与全文主旨相反；D项"比较风力和太阳能"文中未提及。 第8题 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。全文核心论点是能源转型不仅是技术问题，更是社会与政治问题。最后一段总结"addressing it as such is the only path to a transition that is not only sustainable but also just"，即需要同时处理技术和社会/政治维度。A项"会因政治反对而失败"过于消极；B项"纯粹技术问题"与全文核心观点相反；D项"应推迟"文中未建议。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：A 解析：前文提到睡眠与心理健康之间存在双向关系，后文具体描述睡眠不足如何损害情绪处理能力，健康睡眠如何帮助处理情绪体验。A项"睡眠已被证明在情绪调节中扮演关键角色"是该段落的主题句，与后文对情绪的讨论呼应。F项"不处理睡眠问题，心理健康问题往往难以治疗"与段落内容相关但更接近第三段关于慢性失眠的内容。 第10题 答案：C 解析：前文"The precise mechanisms are still being investigated"表明本段将介绍具体机制，后文描述REM睡眠期间大脑处理情绪记忆的方式——"separates the emotional content from the memory itself"。C项"其中一个机制涉及睡眠在处理情绪记忆中的作用"直接引出后文的REM睡眠机制描述。 第11题 答案：F 解析：前文描述慢性失眠与焦虑和抑郁风险升高的关联以及失眠治疗对这些疾病的改善作用，F项"不处理睡眠问题，心理健康问题往往难以治疗"总结了这一段落的核心发现。D项"睡眠与心理健康双向关系"已在开篇提到，此处若重复则逻辑冗余。 第12题 答案：E 解析：前文"The implications for healthcare are substantial"引出对医疗系统的讨论，后文"Yet mental health assessments rarely include a thorough sleep evaluation"（转折）说明尽管证据充分，睡眠在心理健康治疗中仍常被忽视。E项中的"despite this evidence"对应前文的证据，"sleep is often overlooked in mental health treatment"与后文内容一致。 第13题 答案：B 解析：前文"Simple sleep improvements can make a meaningful difference"提出改善睡眠的简便方法，后文"Even moderate improvements in sleep quality have been shown to produce measurable benefits..."说明即使适度改善也有效。B项"规律的体育活动能显著改善睡眠质量"是一个具体的、简便的睡眠改善方法，与前后文衔接自然。G项"睡眠是现代社会无法承担的奢侈"与全文倡导睡眠重要性的基调完全相悖。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $