19-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解核心题型，通过分题型解析构建“定位-分析-排除”解题体系，逻辑覆盖从细节理解到篇章结构的能力层级。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |第一节（选择题）|8题（含主旨、细节等题型）|针对不同题型提炼定位原文、选项对比、干扰排除法|从词汇理解到段落主旨，构建“基础-高阶”思维链| |第二节（七选五）|5题（考查逻辑衔接）|聚焦上下文逻辑（解释、对比、因果）|通过句间关系分析，强化篇章结构认知|

Branch 19 高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted in December 2022, represents a landmark commitment by nearly 200 countries to halt and reverse nature loss. The agreement sets ambitious targets for 2030, including protecting 30 percent of the world's land and oceans, restoring degraded ecosystems, and mobilizing significant financial resources for conservation. However, the gap between commitment and implementation remains vast, raising critical questions about how global environmental agreements can be translated into meaningful action. The framework's strengths lie in its comprehensiveness and inclusivity. Unlike previous agreements that focused narrowly on protected areas, the Kunming-Montreal Framework addresses the underlying drivers of biodiversity loss: pollution, overexploitation, climate change, and unsustainable consumption patterns. It also explicitly recognizes the rights and roles of indigenous peoples and local communities, whose territories contain much of the world's remaining biodiversity. This recognition reflects a growing consensus that conservation cannot succeed without the participation of those who live closest to nature. Yet the framework is not without weaknesses. The targets are phrased as global aspirations rather than binding commitments, and there is no enforcement mechanism for countries that fail to meet their obligations. Financial provisions remain vague, with developing countries demanding more concrete support from wealthier nations. The framework's success ultimately depends on national-level action plans, which vary enormously in ambition and resources. Some countries have already developed comprehensive biodiversity strategies, while others lack the capacity or political will to do so. The history of international environmental agreements offers grounds for both optimism and caution. The Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances is often cited as a success story—it achieved near-universal ratification and has led to the recovery of the ozone layer. In contrast, the Kyoto Protocol on climate change struggled with participation and compliance, ultimately achieving only modest reductions in emissions. What distinguishes successful agreements from unsuccessful ones? Research suggests three key factors: clear and measurable targets, mechanisms for monitoring and reporting, and financial and technical support for developing countries. China's role in the Kunming-Montreal Framework has been particularly significant. As the host of the conference and a major contributor to biodiversity loss, China faces both responsibility and opportunity. The country has made notable progress in establishing protected areas and restoring forests, but challenges remain in addressing pollution and illegal wildlife trade. International observers will be watching closely to see whether China's domestic actions align with its global commitments. Ultimately, the Kunming-Montreal Framework represents a necessary but insufficient step. Agreements alone cannot save biodiversity; they must be backed by political will, public engagement, and sustained investment. The question is not whether the framework is perfect, but whether it can catalyze the transformative changes that are urgently needed. 1.What is the author's primary purpose in writing this passage? A. To celebrate the success of the Kunming-Montreal Framework B. To analyze both the strengths and weaknesses of the agreement C. To argue that international agreements are always ineffective D. To promote China's leadership in biodiversity conservation 2.How does the Kunming-Montreal Framework differ from earlier biodiversity agreements according to the passage? A. It focuses only on protecting land areas B. It requires all countries to pay the same amount C. It addresses underlying causes and includes indigenous communities D. It has strict enforcement mechanisms for non-compliance 3.The author mentions the Montreal Protocol and the Kyoto Protocol in paragraph 4 to ______. A. compare two unrelated environmental problems B. illustrate that international agreements vary widely in effectiveness C. prove that all environmental agreements are successful D. suggest that the new framework will certainly fail 4.What does the author suggest about China's role in the framework? A. China has done everything required and needs no further action B. China's domestic actions will be closely scrutinized by the international community C. China should host more international conferences on biodiversity D. China's contribution to biodiversity loss is exaggerated B In the early 2000s, the widespread adoption of smartphones and mobile internet in China triggered what experts now call the "digital leapfrog" phenomenon. Instead of progressing through the intermediate stages of technological development that characterized Western nations, China's internet users jumped directly to mobile-based platforms for communication, commerce, and information. This unique path has shaped not only the country's technology landscape but also fundamental aspects of social behavior and cultural norms. The digital leapfrog created an environment where nearly everything could be accomplished through a single device. By 2023, China had over 1 billion mobile internet users, with average daily screen time exceeding six hours. This deep integration of digital tools into daily life produced unprecedented convenience: payments, transportation, food delivery, and government services all became accessible through applications. The concept of "life on the phone" became not just a convenience but an expectation, fundamentally altering how people interact with each other and with institutions. However, the leapfrog phenomenon also produced unintended consequences. The speed of adoption left little time for reflection on the social and psychological implications. Studies have documented rising rates of smartphone addiction, particularly among younger users, with symptoms including sleep disruption, reduced attention spans, and diminished ability to engage in face-to-face communication. The boundary between work and personal life has become increasingly blurred, as notifications and messages follow users everywhere. Some researchers have drawn parallels between the effects of smartphone overuse and those of substance addiction, citing similar patterns of withdrawal, tolerance, and relapse. The generation that grew up with smartphones has developed distinct cognitive characteristics. Rapid information processing, multitasking, and visual literacy are strengths. Deep reading, sustained concentration, and critical analysis of complex texts are relative weaknesses. Educational institutions have struggled to adapt, with some banning phones in classrooms and others integrating them as learning tools. Neither approach has fully resolved the tension between leveraging technology's benefits and mitigating its risks. The digital leapfrog also created unique economic opportunities. China's mobile payments market, led by platforms like Alipay and WeChat Pay, is the world's largest, with transaction volumes far exceeding those in developed countries. The gig economy, enabled by mobile platforms, has provided flexible employment for millions, though it has also raised questions about job security and worker protections. Innovation in areas such as AI-driven services and mobile health applications continues to accelerate, driven by the massive data generated by digital interactions. As China's digital experience matures, it offers lessons for other developing countries considering similar technological leaps. The balance between access and regulation, between innovation and protection, and between convenience and well-being has never been more important. China's experiment with the digital leapfrog is ongoing, and its outcomes will inform global discussions about how societies should navigate the digital age. 5.According to paragraph 1, what does the term "digital leapfrog" refer to? A. A game popular among Chinese teenagers B. The process of skipping intermediate stages of technological development C. A government policy to limit internet usage D. The decline of traditional media in China 6.The underlined word "triggered" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. prevented B. delayed C. caused D. ignored 7.What negative consequence of the digital leapfrog is mentioned in paragraph 3? A. Increased cost of living B. Reduced travel time C. Rising rates of smartphone addiction D. Improved face-to-face communication skills 8.Which of the following is suggested in paragraph 5 about China's mobile payments market? A. It is smaller than that of developed countries B. It is the world's largest in transaction volumes C. It has caused inflation in the economy D. It is declining in popularity 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C The concept of "work-life balance" has become a staple of modern discourse, yet its meaning remains surprisingly elusive. For some, it signifies strict separation between professional and personal spheres. For others, it suggests integration, flexibility, and the freedom to allocate time according to evolving priorities. The diversity of interpretations reflects not only personal preferences but also deeper structural differences in how societies organize labor and leisure. One influential perspective argues that work-life balance is fundamentally about time sovereignty—the ability to control one's own schedule. (9) ______ Without time sovereignty, individuals remain subject to external demands that dictate when and how they live their lives. This perspective has gained particular traction among knowledge workers whose jobs can be performed asynchronously. (10) ______ Rather than keeping work and life separate, individuals seek to blend them in ways that feel authentic and sustainable. This might mean taking a work call during a morning walk, or attending a child's school event during what was traditionally considered working hours. The boundary between roles becomes porous, and the goal is not separation but harmony. The pandemic accelerated these trends dramatically. Remote work, once considered a privilege of a few, became a necessity for millions. (11) ______ Companies and workers alike discovered that productivity could be maintained, and in some cases enhanced, outside the traditional office environment. Yet the shift also exposed the downside—the erosion of boundaries that had previously protected personal time. Work-life balance is not solely an individual challenge; it is also a structural one. Countries differ significantly in their approaches. (12) ______ The United States, by contrast, has no federal mandate for paid leave, leaving much greater responsibility on individual workers and employers. The debate over work-life balance is ultimately about values. (13) ______ In societies that prioritize consumption and status, longer working hours may be seen as desirable or necessary. In societies that value community and leisure, shorter hours and greater flexibility may be the norm. Understanding these cultural differences helps explain why work-life balance means different things in different places. 选项（A-G）： A. This means having the freedom to decide when to work and when not to. B. This is especially true in countries with strong labor protection laws. C. Some nations mandate generous paid leave, flexible working arrangements, and limits on working hours. D. Another approach emphasizes work-life integration rather than separation. E. This transformation blurred the boundaries between work and home even further. F. Work-life balance is the most important factor in choosing a job. G. They reflect what a society considers important—wealth, community, productivity, or well-being. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。全文从框架的strengths谈到weaknesses，再到历史对比和各国参与情况，最后得出"necessary but insufficient"的结论。作者的整体目的是分析该协议的优势与不足。A项"庆祝成功"过于片面且忽略了批评；C项"论证国际协议总是无效"与文中提到蒙特利尔议定书"success story"的积极评价矛盾；D项"推崇中国的领导作用"只是文中一个子话题，非全文主旨。 第2题 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第二段明确指出该框架"addresses the underlying drivers of biodiversity loss"且"explicitly recognizes the rights and roles of indigenous peoples"，这与此前更狭窄的保护协议不同。A项"只关注土地保护"与"包括海洋"矛盾；B项"要求各国支付相同金额"未提及；D项"严格的执法机制"与第三段"no enforcement mechanism"相悖。 第3题 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第四段开头提出"history of international environmental agreements offers grounds for both optimism and caution"，随后以蒙特利尔议定书（成功）和京都议定书（效果有限）作为正反例证，说明不同协议的有效性差异很大。A项"比较两个不相关的问题"错误——两者都是环境协议；C项"证明所有环境协议都成功"与京都议定书例子矛盾；D项"暗示新框架必然失败"过于消极。 第4题 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。最后一句"International observers will be watching closely to see whether China's domestic actions align with its global commitments"直接支持B项。A项"中国已做完一切"与"challenges remain"矛盾；C项"应主办更多国际会议"文中未提及；D项"夸大贡献"与"significant role"的积极描述不符。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第一段明确解释："Instead of progressing through the intermediate stages of technological development that characterized Western nations, China's internet users jumped directly to mobile-based platforms"，即跳过中间发展阶段直接跳至移动端。A项"青少年游戏"、C项"政府限制政策"、D项"传统媒体衰退"均与定义无关。 第6题 答案：C 解析：词汇猜测题。"triggered"意为"引发、引起"。该句描述智能手机和移动互联网的普及引发了专家所说的"数字跳跃"现象，caused（引起）最接近。prevented（阻止）、delayed（延迟）、ignored（忽视）均不符合。 第7题 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第三段明确指出"Studies have documented rising rates of smartphone addiction, particularly among younger users"。A项"生活成本上升"未提及；B项"通勤时间缩短"是便利性而非负面后果；D项"提升面对面交流技能"与"diminished ability to engage in face-to-face communication"相反。 第8题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第五段指出"China's mobile payments market... is the world's largest, with transaction volumes far exceeding those in developed countries"。A项"比发达国家小"与原文相反；C项"导致通胀"未提及；D项"正在失去流行"与"continues to accelerate"矛盾。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：A 解析：前文定义"time sovereignty"为"ability to control one's own schedule"，A项"这意味着拥有决定何时工作和何时不工作的自由"是该定义的具体化解释，与后文"没有时间主权，个人仍受外部要求支配"形成因果。 第10题 答案：D 解析：前文讨论了"时间主权"视角，后文描述"Rather than keeping work and life separate, individuals seek to blend them"，D项"另一种方法强调工作与生活的融合而非分离"与前后内容构成并列对比关系，与后文"这不是分离而是和谐"直接呼应。 第11题 答案：E 解析：前文提到远程工作从少数人的特权变为数百万人的必需，后文提及"边界被侵蚀"。E项"这一转变模糊了工作与家庭之间的界限"解释了远程工作普及的直接后果，与后文"保护私人时间的边界被侵蚀"形成逻辑链。 第12题 答案：C 解析：前文"Countries differ significantly in their approaches"，后文以美国为例说明其缺乏强制带薪休假。C项"一些国家规定慷慨的带薪休假、灵活工作安排和工作时间限制"是与其他国家做法的对比，与后文对美国情况的描述形成对照。 第13题 答案：G 解析：前文"关于工作与生活平衡的辩论最终是关于价值观的"，后文列举重视消费与地位的社会和重视社区与休闲的社会的不同。G项"它们反映了一个社会认为什么重要——财富、社区、生产力或福祉"是对"价值观"内涵的具体展开，与后文不同社会的例子呼应。B项"这在有强劳动保护法的国家尤其如此"与段落主旨偏差；F项"工作生活平衡是选择工作的最重要因素"文中未提及。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $