精品解析：湖南株洲市醴陵市第一中学2025-2026学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题

绝密★启用前 醴陵市第一中学高一下学期期末考试试题 英 语 满分150分，考试时间120分钟 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A For the students, researchers or simple lovers of knowledge and art, it is a privilege to have a free virtual library at hand, being able to download important texts without spending a single dollar. ◆Internet Archive It is a non-profit digital library created in 1996 by Brewster Kahle. In addition to millions of books available to the general public, it also hosts a large number of video (movies), audio (music) and software files, etc. It is not necessary to register to access the information, so any user can easily view and download it, although those who decide to register obtain other benefits such as access to more than 1.3 million copyrighted e-books. ◆InfoBooks Read, Learn, Grow… is the slogan of the digital library. It is divided into three sections to facilitate the search for content, and the first called “Best books to read” focuses on a special collection of various topics classified by famous authors. The second is “Free books and texts”, where you will find public domain literature that you can download, and the third section contains resources to improve your reading. ◆Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg is a site that has available sixty thousand “free” books that are free of copyright so to speak, since the rights according to certain laws have expired in this case. That is why they can be downloaded with total peace of mind. The Project Gutenberg also has an Open Audio book Collection, almost 5,000 titles from 2023, via a Project Gutenberg collaboration with Microsoft and MIT. These use neural text-to-speech technology for more natural-sounding computer-generated audio books. These audio books are also available on major music/podcast platforms. 1. What most attracts users to Internet Achive? A. Private software files. B. Easy access to plenty of e-books. C. Classic music of limited edition. D. Various movies of authorized edition. 2. How can we find the works of Mark Twain most precisely? A. Search InfoBooks, Section 1 online. B. E-mail Brewster Kahle to obtain directly. C. Download Software files from Internet Achive. D. Wait for distributions from Project Gutenberg. 3. What does Project Gutenberg have in common with Internet Archive? A. Audio resources are provided online. B. Materials can be adjusted to different users. C. Copyrights of some books are out of date. D. They provide reading strategies training. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了三个主要的免费虚拟图书馆。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Internet Archive中“In addition to millions of books available to the general public, it also hosts a large number of video (movies), audio (music) and software files, etc. It is not necessary to register to access the information, so any user can easily view and download it (除了数以百万计的书籍可供公众使用外，它还拥有大量的视频（电影），音频（音乐）和软件文件等。访问信息不需要注册，因此任何用户都可以轻松查看和下载这些信息)”可知，该虚拟图书馆最吸引用户的地方是无需注册，可方便地获取大量电子书。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据InfoBooks中“It is divided into three sections to facilitate the search for content, and the first called “Best books to read” focuses on a special collection of various topics classified by famous authors. (为了方便搜索内容，它分为三个部分，第一部分被称为“最佳阅读书籍”，重点是按著名作家分类的各种主题的特别收藏)”可知，通过在网上检索该虚拟图书馆的第一部分，我们可以很准确地找到马克·吐温这样的著名作家的作品。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Internet Archive中“In addition to millions of books available to the general public, it also hosts a large number of video (movies), audio (music) and software files, etc. (除了数以百万计的书籍可供公众使用外，它还拥有大量的视频（电影），音频（音乐）和软件文件等)”和Project Gutenberg中“The Project Gutenberg also has an Open Audio book Collection, almost 5,000 titles from 2023, via a Project Gutenberg collaboration with Microsoft and MIT. (“古腾堡计划”也有一个开放的有声图书收藏，通过该计划与微软和麻省理工学院的合作，从2023年开始有近5000种图书)”可知，这两个虚拟图书馆都在线提供音频资源。故选A项。 B Maria Rodriguez, our school cafeteria server for ten years, always greeted us with a warm smile while preparing meals. One Monday, however, I noticed her quietly wiping tears in the corner of the staff room. My first thought was that she might be facing personal hardships — until I saw her gently holding a framed certificate and whispering, “I did it finally.” Her tears, I soon realized, were of overwhelming pride. At 42, Maria had just earned her high school diploma (文凭). Struggling with hearing loss since childhood, Maria dropped out at 15 to support her sick parents. She worked multiple low-income jobs until securing stable work in our school cafeteria. Last year, when the school introduced a new digital ordering system, Maria’s supervisor gently explained that operating it required basic computer literacy — which in turn required a high school credential. “We’ll keep your position,” he said, “but to continue long-term, you’ll need to complete your diploma within two years.” Maria enrolled in night classes at a local adult education center. Balancing her cafeteria shifts, parenting two teenagers, and studying meant surviving on 4-5 hours of sleep nightly. She tracked her progress uniquely: every passed practice test earned a gold star on her kitchen calendar. “Those stars shouted ‘Keep going!’ on exhausting days,” she laughed. Her biology teacher remarked, “Maria often stayed after class to review materials — her determination was extraordinary.” When Maria received her diploma last month, she called it “a key opening doors I thought were sealed forever.” But for her, graduation isn’t an endpoint — it’s a starting point. She’s now enrolled in online business courses. “My next goal is to manage a food-service team,” she declared. “This is just the beginning.” 4. Why was Maria crying in the staff room? A. She felt exhausted from overwork. B. She recalled her family difficulties. C. She had achieved an important milestone. D. Her supervisor criticized her performance. 5. How did Maria motivate herself during tough times? A. By prioritizing sleep over studying. B. By reducing her workload significantly. C. By focusing on small symbols of progress. D. By seeking financial support from the school. 6. What does Maria mean by calling her diploma “a key opening doors I thought were sealed forever”? A. The diploma has brought her immediate wealth. B. The diploma has made her lose some important relationships. C. The diploma has allowed her to unlock physical doors in the school. D. The diploma has opened up new opportunities she once thought were impossible. 7. Which of the following best describes Maria’s character? A. Brave and determined. B. Persistent and ambitious. C. Careful and responsible. D. Timid and easily discouraged. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了学校食堂员工玛丽亚克服听力障碍与生活困难，重返课堂获得高中文凭并规划新目标的励志故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My first thought was that she might be facing personal hardships — until I saw her gently holding a framed certificate and whispering, “I did it finally.” Her tears, I soon realized, were of overwhelming pride. (我起初以为她可能正遭遇个人困境，直到我看到她轻轻捧着一张装裱好的证书，小声说道“我终于做到了”。我很快意识到，她的眼泪是源于难以抑制的自豪。)”可知，玛丽亚哭泣是因为她拿到了高中文凭，实现了重要的人生里程碑。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She tracked her progress uniquely: every passed practice test earned a gold star on her kitchen calendar. “Those stars shouted ‘Keep going!’ on exhausting days,” she laughed. (她用一种独特的方式记录自己的进步：每通过一次模拟测试，她就会在厨房的日历上画一颗金星。她笑着说“在那些疲惫不堪的日子里，这些星星都在喊着“坚持下去””。)”可知，玛丽亚通过关注代表进步的小标志来激励自己度过艰难时期。故选C项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“But for her, graduation isn’t an endpoint — it’s a starting point. She’s now enrolled in online business courses. “My next goal is to manage a food-service team,” she declared. “This is just the beginning.”(“但对她来说，毕业不是终点，而是一个起点。她现在已经报名参加了在线商业课程。”她宣称“我的下一个目标是管理一个餐饮服务团队，这才刚刚开始”。)”可知，玛丽亚说文凭是“一把打开了那些我曾以为永远紧闭的大门的钥匙”，意思是这个文凭为她开启了曾经认为不可能的新机遇。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Balancing her cafeteria shifts, parenting two teenagers, and studying meant surviving on 4-5 hours of sleep nightly. She tracked her progress uniquely: every passed practice test earned a gold star on her kitchen calendar. “Those stars shouted ‘Keep going!’ on exhausting days,” she laughed. (兼顾食堂的轮班工作、抚养两个青春期孩子和自己的学业，意味着她每晚只能靠4到5个小时的睡眠勉强支撑。她用一种特别的方式记录自己的进度：每通过一次模拟测验，就会在厨房的日历上画一颗金星。“在那些累到极致的日子里，正是这些星星在催着我‘坚持下去’。”她笑着说道。)”以及第四段中的“She’s now enrolled in online business courses. “My next goal is to manage a food-service team,” she declared. “This is just the beginning.” (她现在已经报名参加了在线商业课程。“我的下一个目标是管理一个餐饮服务团队，”她宣称，“这仅仅是个开始。”)”可知，玛丽亚既能坚持不懈地完成学业，又有明确的人生新目标，是一个执着且有抱负的人。故选B项。 C The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is one of the most extraordinary natural wonders on Earth. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is not only the largest coral reef system in the world but is also visible from space. Home to thousands of species of marine life, including fish, turtles, sharks, and corals, the reef is a biodiversity hot spot and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reef’s vibrant ecosystem is built by tiny organisms called coral polyps (珊瑚虫).These creatures secrete calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to form hard skeletons, which over time create the complex structures we recognize as coral reefs. The reef’s health depends on a delicate balance of environmental conditions, including water temperature, salinity, and sunlight. However, the Great Barrier Reef faces significant threats. Climate change is the most pressing issue, as rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching (褪色) — a phenomenon where corals expel the algae (海藻) that give them color and nutrients. Without these algae, corals turn white and become more susceptible to disease. Pollution from agricultural runoff and plastic waste further exacerbates the problem, while overfishing disrupts the reef’s ecological balance. Efforts to protect the reef are underway. The Australian government has implemented (贯彻) stricter regulations on fishing and pollution, and scientists are exploring innovative solutions such as coral farming and genetic engineering to restore damaged areas. Public awareness campaigns also play a crucial role in encouraging sustainable practices among tourists and local communities. Despite these efforts, the future of the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain. Experts warn that without immediate and coordinated global action, the reef could lose much of its biodiversity within the next few decades. This would not only be a tragedy for marine life but also have devastating (毁灭性的) consequences for the millions of people who depend on the reef for their livelihoods. 8. Why is the Great Barrier Reef visible from space? A. Because of its large size. B. Because of its bright colors. C. Because of the reflection of sunlight. D. Because of the unique structure of coral polyps. 9. How do coral polyps contribute to the reef’s structure? A. By producing colorful pigments. B. By secreting calcium carbonate to build the reef framework. C. By providing food for other marine organisms. D. By creating strong currents around the reef. 10. According to the text, what mainly leads to coral bleaching? A. Overfishing activities. B. Plastic waste existing in the ocean. C. Pollution arising from agricultural runoff. D. The increasing temperatures of the ocean as a result of climate change. 11. What’s a consequence if the Great Barrier Reef loses much of its biodiversity? A. The ocean temperature will decrease. B. It will have no impact on marine life. C. It will be a tragedy for marine life. D. The coral polyps will reproduce faster. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大堡礁的生态系统、面临的威胁、保护措施及其不确定的未来。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is not only the largest coral reef system in the world but is also visible from space.(它绵延2300多公里，不仅是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统，而且从太空中也能看到)”可知，大堡礁从太空中可见是因为其巨大的规模。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These creatures secrete calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to form hard skeletons, which over time create the complex structures we recognize as coral reefs.(这些生物分泌碳酸钙形成坚硬的骨骼，随着时间的推移，这些骨骼形成了我们所认识的复杂的珊瑚礁结构)”可知，珊瑚虫通过分泌碳酸钙来构建珊瑚礁的框架，从而有助于形成珊瑚礁的结构。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Climate change is the most pressing issue, as rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching (褪色) — a phenomenon where corals expel the algae (海藻) that give them color and nutrients.(气候变化是最紧迫的问题，因为海洋温度上升导致珊瑚白化——珊瑚将赋予它们颜色和营养的海藻排出体外的现象)”可知，气候变化导致的海洋温度上升是珊瑚白化的主要原因。故选D。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Experts warn that without immediate and coordinated global action, the reef could lose much of its biodiversity within the next few decades. This would not only be a tragedy for marine life but also have devastating (毁灭性的) consequences for the millions of people who depend on the reef for their livelihoods.(专家警告说，如果没有立即和协调一致的全球行动，珊瑚礁可能在未来几十年内失去大部分生物多样性。这不仅对海洋生物来说是一场悲剧，而且对数百万依赖珊瑚礁为生的人来说也将带来毁灭性的后果)”可知，如果大堡礁失去大部分生物多样性，将对海洋生物来说是一场悲剧。故选C。 D Millions of monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) once covered the trees of California’s coastal areas each winter, but now their numbers are decreasing.The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from populations 40 years ago. Monarch butterflies have two populations: eastern and western varieties separated by the Rocky Mountains. The populations are very similar in appearance, but western monarch butterflies are generally smaller and darker in color. The two also follow different migration patterns.Eastern monarch butterflies spend winter in Mexico, while western ones gather on central California coasts to wait out the cold. In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward.By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖). A butterfly can lay hundreds of eggs in a few weeks, and the new generation continues the migration.The cycle of generations and migration repeats every few weeks through the summer until the butterflies move as far as Idaho. And when the weather turns cold and the days get shorter, the butterflies return to California’s coasts. The overwintering population was counted every year. The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April. “We just don’t know what they’re doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population,” said Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz. “Maybe they’re resting in the woods, or maybe they need more fuel along the way, etc. Any of those thing might help monarch butterflies get from the coastal overwintering sites to breeding sites broadly in the Central Valley,” Schultz added. To fill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge. The ten­-week program asks the public to submit photographs of monarch butterflies outside of their winter range. “We couldn’t be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren’t enough of us,” Schultz said. “Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.” 12. From Paragraph 1, we know monarch butterflies _______. A. are counted by researchers every decade B. are in a very difficult situation now C. have lost their home in California D. have moved to new places 13. What do the two varieties of monarch butterflies have in common? A. Their breeding places. B. Their appearance and size. C. Their way of fighting against cold. D. Their migration destination in winter. 14. Why was the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge set up? A. To know the exact number of monarch butterflies. B. To help monarch butterflies get through tough winters. C. To know better about monarch butterflies to help them. D. To find out the influence of human activities on monarch butterflies. 15. What do Schultz’s words in the last paragraph show? A. It’s challenging to make the community get involved. B. It’s important to get help from the public. C. It’s difficult to study monarch butterflies. D. It’s rewarding to learn from the public. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。黑脉金斑蝶数量锐减，为了更好地保护它们，一些研究人员号召大众参与到他们的项目中以便保护他们。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from populations 40 years ago. (最近的西方帝王蝶年度统计发现，蝴蝶数量比40年前下降了99%。)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量锐减，处境堪忧。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward. By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖). (早春时节，它们离开休息的地方，开始向东旅行。当蝴蝶到达中央山谷时，它们繁殖)”可知，他们的繁殖地是相同的，故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题，根据第四段中的“The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April.“We just don’t know what they’re doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population，” said Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz. (缺失的信息是蝴蝶离开冬季树林并在二月、三月和四月开始繁殖的时间段。我们只是不知道他们在那个中期在做什么，以及我们如何更好地支持种群，“华盛顿州立大学生物学家谢丽尔舒尔茨说。)”及“To fill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge. (为了填补这一空白，研究人员设立了西方帝王斑神秘挑战项目。)”可知，项目的建立是为了更好地了解它们以便保护它们。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We couldn’t be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren’t enough of us,” Schultz said. “Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.” (“没有社区的参与，我们现在不可能寻找帝王蝶。”舒尔茨说:“我们人手不够。向社区伸出援手意味着我们或许能够在几乎没有其他途径可以学习的地方学到一些东西。”)”可知，让大众参与到这个项目来很重要。故选B项。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. ____16____ Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners. People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent(有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that―elderly and―needy are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, ____17____ To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t. It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations. ____18____ Indeed, employment is a sore point. Buoyed(支持)by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job —thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers. ____19____It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; ____20____ Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age. A. As the younger generation complains about low rate of employing, it’s high time that we need to reflect. B. but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. C. Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources. D. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. E. Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them. F. and they threaten the creation of a new myth that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. G. The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society. Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Security system. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. E 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是美国的老年人享受商品折扣特权，在美国，大部分老年人都有支付能力，这无形中牺牲了青年人的利益，造成了两代人之间的矛盾加剧。 【16题详解】 根据空前的“Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life.(任何达到一定年龄的人——在某些情况下低至55岁——都自动有权在商业生活的几乎每个层面享受一系列令人眼花缭乱的降价。)”可知，到了一定的年龄，有时甚至低至55岁，老年人就自动享受各种优惠。由此可知，决定是否享受打折的是年龄。D选项“Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate.(资格不是由一个人的需要决定的，而是由一个人的出生证明上的日期决定的。)”讲述的是获得优惠资格不是根据需求而是年龄，与空前内容吻合。故选D项。 【17题详解】 根据空前的逗号，可知，此空应为带有连词的连词或者是非谓语动词短语，所以只有B选项和F选项符合条件，结合空前的“Perhaps that once was true(也许这曾经是真的)”可知，这曾经是真的，由此可推断，此空处描述的是现在的情况，B选项“but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population.(但今天，美国老年人作为一个群体的贫困率低于其他人口。)”讲述的是当前老年人已经不是没有支付能力的人了，与空前为转折关系。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据空后“Indeed, employment is a sore point. Buoyed(支持)by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job —thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.(的确，就业是一个痛点。在法律和法院判决的鼓舞下，越来越多的美国老年人拒绝退休，转而留在工作岗位上，从而减少了年轻工人的就业和晋升机会。)”可知，由于越来越多的老年人拒绝退休，造成了年轻人的就业机会减少，这是两代人间的矛盾，分析文章结构可知，此空处于段首为本段的主题句，由此可知，此空讲述的内容与两代人间的矛盾冲突有关，C选项“Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources.(关于社会保障福利的持续辩论加剧了紧张关系，这些争论主要涉及资源转移。)”讲述的内容为两代人的紧张关系是如何加剧的，与本段内容吻合。故选C项。 【19题详解】 根据空后的“It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others.( 把老年人作为一个单独的群体，他们的经济需求应该优先于其他人，这种做法已经没有意义了。)”可知，把老年人这一群体当作经济有需求的人已经没有意义，由此可推断，空前讲述的内容与此相关，E选项“Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.( 对于一个拥有数百万不需要这种福利的群体来说，老年人折扣已经不再是一种慈善，而是一种可怕的经济特权。)”可知，此处讲述的是当前的老年人已经远不是那个需要慈善帮助的群体，他们已经有支付能力，与空后内容意义吻合。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据空前的分号可知，此处应为小写字母开头的句子，剩下的选项中只有F选项吻合，空前句子“Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment;( 老年人折扣只会强化老年人不能照顾自己、需要特殊待遇的错误观点;)”中的myth与F选项“and they threaten the creation of a new myth that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups.( 他们还威胁要创造一个新的错误观点，即老年人忘恩负义，以牺牲孩子和其他年龄组的利益为代价。)”中的new myth意义相关。故选F项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was late afternoon that day, yet still hot. While I was driving north, I saw an elderly woman with groceries ____21____ southward, obviously in need of help. I felt guilty for not stopping. “But how can I safely stop without blocking late-afternoon traffic?” I ____22____. This thought eased my guilt ____23____. Yet I still made a U-turn, which ____24____ other drivers. I stopped by the woman, asking, “Need a ride?” “Bless you,” she said, ____25____ me farther south. As we drove, darkness fell. I grew ____26____ when entering a place with ____27____ streets and homeless people. At her apartment, a young man, wearing long hair, on a motorcycle, was smiling at me, but appearing threatening. I quickly ____28____ her things, and then quickly drove away. Soon, a motorcycle roared behind me. It was that young man! Anxiety rose from my mind. I ____29____ my phone to call 911, only to find it gone. “She stole it!” I thought. ____30____ my act of kindness. The biker kept ____31____ me to stop, waving something — my phone! I pulled over, and he handed me the phone: “Grandma sent this-she took it ____32____.” He was still smiling and soon disappeared into the night, I never had a(n) ____33____ to say I was sorry for my thoughts. I learned something else that day: Sometimes we judge people as bad just because their ____34____ doesn’t match what we think is right, They may not drive a stylish car, but who is going to say they are not ____35____ to us or even nobler? 21. A. glancing B. running C. struggling D. riding 22. A. complained B. reasoned C. confirmed D. doubted 23. A. occasionally B. completely C. gradually D. temporarily 24. A. annoyed B. discouraged C. disappointed D. inspired 25. A. urging B. directing C. driving D. leaving 26. A. sensible B. mindless C. uneasy D. curious 27. A. messy B. orderly C. safe D. busy 28. A. unloaded B. unfolded C. carried D. fetched 29. A. plugged in B. picked up C. held on to D. reached for 30. A. recalling B. mourning C. regretting D. appreciating 31. A. warning B. signaling C. forcing D. begging 32. A. in advance B. in secret C. by accident D. on purpose 33. A. attempt B. honour C. motivation D. chance 34. A. behavior B. appearance C. perspective D. personality 35. A. energetic B. cautious C. creative D. equal 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者开车帮助一位老妇人回家，返程时误以为手机被偷，误解了老妇人和她的孙子，作者意识到不能以貌取人。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我驾车向北行驶时，我看到一位拎着购物袋的年长妇女正艰难地朝南走去，显然她需要帮助。A. glancing瞥一眼，浏览；B. running跑步；C. struggling艰难地行进，挣扎；D. riding骑行。根据下文“obviously in need of help”可知，她明显需要需要帮助，推知她拎着购物袋艰难前行，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但我要怎样才能安全地停下来，同时又不阻塞下午晚些时候的交通呢？”我思考着。A. complained抱怨；B. reasoned思考，推理；C. confirmed证实；D. doubted怀疑。根据前文“But how can I safely stop without blocking late-afternoon traffic?”和下文“This thought”可知，这是作者在脑海中思考的事情，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个想法暂时减轻了我的愧疚感。A. occasionally偶尔；B. completely完全；C. gradually逐渐地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据下文“I stopped by the woman, asking, “Need a ride?””可知，作者后来还是停下来去帮助她，所以这个想法只是暂时减轻了作者的内疚感，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最终我还是改变了方向，这惹恼了其他司机。A. annoyed使恼怒；B. discouraged使气馁；C. disappointed使失望；D. inspired鼓舞。根据上文“But how can I safely stop without blocking late-afternoon traffic?”和“Yet I still made a U-turn”可知，作者停车会影响交通，故这种行为会惹恼其他司机，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你的好意。”她说道，然后她指示我继续往更南边走。A. urging催促；B. directing给……指路；C. driving驾车送（人）；D. leaving离开。根据下文“farther south”可知，她为作者指路，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我走进那座街道凌乱、到处是流浪者的城市时，我感到有些不安。A. sensible明智的；B. mindless没头脑的；C. uneasy不安的，担心的；D. curious好奇的。上文“darkness fell”提到天黑了，结合下文“when entering a place with ______ streets and homeless people”可知，天黑时走到一个满是流浪者的地方，作者应是感到不安，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. messy凌乱的；B. orderly有秩序的，整洁的；C. safe安全的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文“homeless people”可知，这里有很多流浪者，推知街道是凌乱不堪的，故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迅速帮她把东西卸下来，然后迅速驾车离开了。A. unloaded卸下，取下；B. unpacked打开；C. carried携带；D. fetched取来。根据下文“and then quickly drove away”可知，作者离开之前应是把老妇人的东西从车上卸下来，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我伸手去拿手机拨打911，却发现手机不见了。A. plugged in插上；B. picked up捡起；C. held on to坚持；D. reached for伸手去取。前文“Soon, a motorcycle roared behind me.”提到作者身后有摩托车驶来，结合空后“to call 911”可知，作者应是伸手去拿手机报警，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她偷走了它！”我心想，同时为自己曾经的善举感到懊悔。A. recalling回忆起；B. mourning哀悼；C. regretting后悔；D. appreciating欣赏，感激。根据上文“She stole it!”可知，作者以为是那位老妇人偷了自己的手机，所以应是后悔去帮助她，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个骑摩托车的人不停地示意我停车，还挥舞着什么东西——是我的手机！A. warning警告；B. signaling示意；C. forcing强迫；D. begging恳求。结合下文“waving something”可知，他挥舞手机，是示意作者停车，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我把车停了下来，他把手机递给我：“这是奶奶拿来的——她不小心拿走了。”A. in advance提前；B. in secret秘密地；C. by accident偶然，意外地；D. on purpose故意地。结合上文“he handed me the phone”可知，他把手机送回给作者，推知是误拿了手机，by accident“意外地”符合语境，故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未有机会向他们表达我对于自己那些想法的歉意。A. attempt试图；B. honour荣誉；C. motivation动机；D. chance机会。根据上文“soon disappeared into the night”可知，他很快就消失了，故此处指作者没机会道歉，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天我还领悟到了另一点：有时候，我们会因为某人的外貌与我们心目中的“标准形象”不符，就轻易地对他们做出负面的评价。A. behavior行为；B. appearance外貌；C. perspective视角；D. personality个性。上文“At her apartment, a young man, wearing long hair, on a motorcycle, was smiling at me, but appearing threatening.(在她的公寓里，一个留着长发、骑着摩托车的年轻男子正对我微笑，但神情却显得有些威胁)”作者通过外貌就认为那个年轻人具有威胁性，故此处指因外貌给出负面评价，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们或许没有开豪车的习惯，但谁又能说他们和我们不是平等的，甚至不会比我们还要高尚呢？A. energetic精力充沛的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. creative有创意的；D. equal平等的。上文提到作者以貌取人后来发觉误解了别人，空后“even nobler”表示递进关系，故此处指“他们和我们是平等的，甚至比我们还高尚”，故选D。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 10th Nishan Forum (论坛) on World Civilizations is set to kick off ___36___ Wednesday in Nishan, Qufu, Shandong province___37___ (know) as the birthplace of Confucius. The two-day forum — themed “Traditional Culture and Modern Civilization” — will cover___38___ (topic) such as civilizational exchanges and mutual learning amid global challenges, Chinese-style and Western modernization, civilization inheritance, ___39___ (innovate) in the process of modernization and the effects of artificial intelligence and humanity. Nishan, located 30 kilometers southeast of the county-level city of Qufu in Jining, ___40___ is a must-visit tourist destination, combines the charm of China’s traditional culture with the world cultural heritage sites of the Temple of Confucius, the Mansion of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius. Since its inception (开办) in 2010,the Nishan forum ___41___ (hold) nine times. The event features dialogue between different civilizations around ___42___ world. It has become an ___43___ (increasing) important platform for strengthening the preservation and development of Chinese traditional culture, advocating common human values and ___44___ (promote) international cultural exchanges and cooperation. This year’s forum will host nearly 400 international guests from 63 countries — the largest number of countries ___45___ guests. 【答案】36. on 37. known 38. topics 39. innovation##innovations 40. which 41. has been held 42. the 43. increasingly 44. promoting 45. and 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了将于山东曲阜尼山举行的第十届尼山世界文明论坛。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：第十届尼山世界文明论坛将于星期三在山东省曲阜市尼山开幕，尼山是孔子的诞生地。根据空后的 Wednesday可知，表示在具体某一天，应用介词on。故填on。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：第十届尼山世界文明论坛将于星期三在山东省曲阜市尼山开幕，尼山是孔子的诞生地。此处填非谓语动词作后置定语；动词 know与其逻辑主语 Nishan, Qufu, Shandong province之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用所给动词的过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 【38题详解】 考查名词复数。句意： 为期两天的论坛以“传统文化与现代文明”为主题，将涵盖诸如在全球挑战中的文明交流与互鉴、中国式与西方、文明传承、现代化进程中的创新以及人工智能与人类的影响等话题。根据句意及 topic为可数名词可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式，表示主题不止一个。故填topics。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意： 为期两天的论坛以“传统文化与现代文明”为主题，将涵盖诸如在全球挑战中的文明交流与互鉴、中国式与西方、文明传承、现代化进程中的创新以及人工智能与人类的影响等话题。此处用所给动词的名词形式innovation作介词 as的宾语，表示“创新”为抽象名词，不可数，此处也可以表示“新事物”，为可数名词，所以用复数泛指。故填innovation(s)。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：尼山，位于济宁市曲阜市东南30公里处，是一个必游的旅游胜地，它将中国传统文化的魅力与文化遗产的孔庙、孔府和孔林相结合。此处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句；从句缺少主语，先行词为 Nishan，指物，故填which。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自2010年创办以来，尼山论坛已经举办了九次。根据空前的时间状语“Since its inception (开办) in 2010”可知，此处用现在完成时；因为 hold与其主语 the Nishan forum为被动关系，故此处用现在完成时的被动语态；又因为主语是单数，故填has been held。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：活动以世界各地不同文明之间的对话为特色。“around the world”意为“世界各地”，为固定短语。故填the。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：它已成为加强中国传统文化保护和发展、倡导人类共同价值观、促进国际文化交流与合作的一个越来越重要的平台。此处用所给形容词的副词形式修饰空后的形容词 important。故填increasingly。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它已成为加强中国传统文化保护和发展、倡导人类共同价值观、促进国际文化交流与合作的一个越来越重要的平台。此处用所给动词的动名词作介词 for 的宾语，与前面的动名词strengthening 和 advocating 并列。故填promoting。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：今年的论坛将接待来自63个国家的近400名国际嘉宾——这是有史以来最多的国家和嘉宾。空前的 countries和空后的 guests为并列关系，故填并列连词 and。故填and。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是校报英语专栏记者李津。你校为了庆祝故宫博物院建院100周年，于10月10日上午举办了主题为“百年故宫·科技传情”（Century-old Palace Museum: Heritage via Technology）的活动。请你按照以下提示，撰写活动报道： （1）活动目的、时间； （2）活动内容（专家讲座、AI创意作品展示等）； （3）收获和感受。 注意：（1）词数100左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Century-old Palace Museum: Heritage via Technology To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Palace Museum, our school hosted a themed event titled Century-old Palace Museum: Heritage via Technology on the morning of October 10th. The event featured two main highlights. First, renowned experts delivered lectures on digital preservation, revealing how 3D scanning and VR technologies have revitalized ancient artifacts. Later, an AI creative exhibition showcased students’ works, including AI-generated paintings of imperial architecture and interactive apps simulating palace tours. Participants were deeply impressed by the fusion of tradition and technology. Not only did the event enrich our cultural knowledge but it also inspired us to explore tech-driven solutions for heritage conservation. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校于10月10日上午举办的主题为“百年故宫·科技传情”的活动撰写报道，说明活动目的、时间，活动内容，并说明收获和感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 著名的：renowned→ noted 展示：showcase→ display 模拟：simulate→ imitate 激励：inspire → motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Later, an AI creative exhibition showcased students’ works, including AI-generated paintings of imperial architecture and interactive apps simulating palace tours. 拓展句：Later, an AI creative exhibition showcased students’ works, which included AI-generated paintings of imperial architecture and interactive apps simulating palace tours. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 First, renowned experts delivered lectures on digital preservation, revealing how 3D scanning and VR technologies have revitalized ancient artifacts.(运用了how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Not only did the event enrich our cultural knowledge but it also inspired us to explore tech-driven solutions for heritage conservation.(运用了部分倒装结构) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my family moved to Seattle, where my parents started their new business — a small grocery store downstairs in my house. As a girl of shy and reserved nature, I had to take a fresh start to fit into the sophisticated city life. One sunny day, my school announced an exciting event, a talent show for the local food bank. Students were encouraged to showcase their unique talents in front of the public in the city hall on National Day. A buzz of excitement filled the school as everyone began preparing for the big day. Deep down, I felt a spark of curiosity and a desire to participate. However, my self-doubt held me back, “I don’t have any special skills to share.” Days turned into weeks, and the talent show drew closer. I couldn’t shake the upsetting feeling until one day Emma, one of the most popular girls in my class, came to me while I was helping in the grocery store after class. “How about singing together in the talent show?” she grinned. “I heard you singing a tune, along the way back home. I can’t help following you here.” Dear, I couldn’t believe my ears. Emma, with personality and popularity, acknowledged my little talent. Since Emma had the world’s prettiest voice, I felt like being favoured by fortune. “You two? The talent show for the food bank?” My mum bent towards us and her face lit up. “Why not practise right now upstairs? I bet you’ll be a perfect match.” Winking at us, she seemed to know we were thinking alike. Emma and I embarked on rehearsing almost every single day after school. We brainstormed, exchanged ideas and rehearsed the scene. As the days rolled by, I was feeling pretty good about our act. But the day before the performance, Emma called saying that she had an acute stomachache and was not in any shape to perform. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: I was completely knocked out by the news. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Finally came the big moment. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 I was completely knocked out by the news. My heart sank, and I didn’t know what to do. “How can I perform alone?” I asked myself, tears welling up. But my mom said gently, “You’ve practiced so hard; don’t let fear stop you.” That night, I stayed up thinking about whether I should go on stage by myself. Finally, I decided that I would try, because it was for the food bank. Finally came the big moment. As I walked onto the stage, my hands were shaking, and I could hardly breathe. I closed my eyes and remembered the days when Emma and I sang together, which gave me courage. When I opened my mouth, my voice came out clear and steady. The audience clapped warmly, and I felt proud of myself for the first time. What mattered most was not perfection, but that I dared to try. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者原本和艾玛准备一起参加才艺表演，为当地食物银行筹款，然而在表演前一天，艾玛突然生病无法参加，作者在妈妈的鼓励下决定独自上台表演，最终成功完成表演并赢得了观众掌声的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我被这个消息完全惊呆了。”可知，第一段可描写作者得知艾玛生病无法参加表演后的心情以及妈妈的鼓励。 ②由第二段首句内容“终于，那个重要的时刻到来了。”可知，第二段可描写作者独自上台表演的过程以及表演结束后的感受。 2. 续写线索：得知消息——心情低落——妈妈鼓励——决定独自表演——上台表演——表演成功——赢得掌声 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①登台表演：go on stage/step onto the stage ②决定：decide/make up one’s mind ③回忆：remember/recall/think back to ④鼓掌：clap/applaud/give applause 情绪类 ①眼泪涌出：tears welling up/tears filling one’s eyes ②自豪：feel proud of/ take pride in 【点睛】【高分句型1】That night, I stayed up thinking about whether I should go on stage by myself. (运用了现在分词thinking作状语和whether引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Finally, I decided that I would try, because it was for the food bank. (运用了that引导宾语从句和because引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★启用前 醴陵市第一中学高一下学期期末考试试题 英 语 满分150分，考试时间120分钟 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A For the students, researchers or simple lovers of knowledge and art, it is a privilege to have a free virtual library at hand, being able to download important texts without spending a single dollar. ◆Internet Archive It is a non-profit digital library created in 1996 by Brewster Kahle. In addition to millions of books available to the general public, it also hosts a large number of video (movies), audio (music) and software files, etc. It is not necessary to register to access the information, so any user can easily view and download it, although those who decide to register obtain other benefits such as access to more than 1.3 million copyrighted e-books. ◆InfoBooks Read, Learn, Grow… is the slogan of the digital library. It is divided into three sections to facilitate the search for content, and the first called “Best books to read” focuses on a special collection of various topics classified by famous authors. The second is “Free books and texts”, where you will find public domain literature that you can download, and the third section contains resources to improve your reading. ◆Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg is a site that has available sixty thousand “free” books that are free of copyright so to speak, since the rights according to certain laws have expired in this case. That is why they can be downloaded with total peace of mind. The Project Gutenberg also has an Open Audio book Collection, almost 5,000 titles from 2023, via a Project Gutenberg collaboration with Microsoft and MIT. These use neural text-to-speech technology for more natural-sounding computer-generated audio books. These audio books are also available on major music/podcast platforms. 1. What most attracts users to Internet Achive? A. Private software files. B. Easy access to plenty of e-books. C. Classic music of limited edition. D. Various movies of authorized edition. 2. How can we find the works of Mark Twain most precisely? A. Search InfoBooks, Section 1 online. B. E-mail Brewster Kahle to obtain directly. C. Download Software files from Internet Achive. D. Wait for distributions from Project Gutenberg. 3. What does Project Gutenberg have in common with Internet Archive? A. Audio resources are provided online. B. Materials can be adjusted to different users. C. Copyrights of some books are out of date. D. They provide reading strategies training. B Maria Rodriguez, our school cafeteria server for ten years, always greeted us with a warm smile while preparing meals. One Monday, however, I noticed her quietly wiping tears in the corner of the staff room. My first thought was that she might be facing personal hardships — until I saw her gently holding a framed certificate and whispering, “I did it finally.” Her tears, I soon realized, were of overwhelming pride. At 42, Maria had just earned her high school diploma (文凭). Struggling with hearing loss since childhood, Maria dropped out at 15 to support her sick parents. She worked multiple low-income jobs until securing stable work in our school cafeteria. Last year, when the school introduced a new digital ordering system, Maria’s supervisor gently explained that operating it required basic computer literacy — which in turn required a high school credential. “We’ll keep your position,” he said, “but to continue long-term, you’ll need to complete your diploma within two years.” Maria enrolled in night classes at a local adult education center. Balancing her cafeteria shifts, parenting two teenagers, and studying meant surviving on 4-5 hours of sleep nightly. She tracked her progress uniquely: every passed practice test earned a gold star on her kitchen calendar. “Those stars shouted ‘Keep going!’ on exhausting days,” she laughed. Her biology teacher remarked, “Maria often stayed after class to review materials — her determination was extraordinary.” When Maria received her diploma last month, she called it “a key opening doors I thought were sealed forever.” But for her, graduation isn’t an endpoint — it’s a starting point. She’s now enrolled in online business courses. “My next goal is to manage a food-service team,” she declared. “This is just the beginning.” 4. Why was Maria crying in the staff room? A. She felt exhausted from overwork. B. She recalled her family difficulties. C. She had achieved an important milestone. D. Her supervisor criticized her performance. 5. How did Maria motivate herself during tough times? A. By prioritizing sleep over studying. B. By reducing her workload significantly. C. By focusing on small symbols of progress. D. By seeking financial support from the school. 6. What does Maria mean by calling her diploma “a key opening doors I thought were sealed forever”? A. The diploma has brought her immediate wealth. B. The diploma has made her lose some important relationships. C. The diploma has allowed her to unlock physical doors in the school. D. The diploma has opened up new opportunities she once thought were impossible. 7. Which of the following best describes Maria’s character? A. Brave and determined. B. Persistent and ambitious. C. Careful and responsible. D. Timid and easily discouraged. C The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is one of the most extraordinary natural wonders on Earth. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is not only the largest coral reef system in the world but is also visible from space. Home to thousands of species of marine life, including fish, turtles, sharks, and corals, the reef is a biodiversity hot spot and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reef’s vibrant ecosystem is built by tiny organisms called coral polyps (珊瑚虫).These creatures secrete calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to form hard skeletons, which over time create the complex structures we recognize as coral reefs. The reef’s health depends on a delicate balance of environmental conditions, including water temperature, salinity, and sunlight. However, the Great Barrier Reef faces significant threats. Climate change is the most pressing issue, as rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching (褪色) — a phenomenon where corals expel the algae (海藻) that give them color and nutrients. Without these algae, corals turn white and become more susceptible to disease. Pollution from agricultural runoff and plastic waste further exacerbates the problem, while overfishing disrupts the reef’s ecological balance. Efforts to protect the reef are underway. The Australian government has implemented (贯彻) stricter regulations on fishing and pollution, and scientists are exploring innovative solutions such as coral farming and genetic engineering to restore damaged areas. Public awareness campaigns also play a crucial role in encouraging sustainable practices among tourists and local communities. Despite these efforts, the future of the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain. Experts warn that without immediate and coordinated global action, the reef could lose much of its biodiversity within the next few decades. This would not only be a tragedy for marine life but also have devastating (毁灭性的) consequences for the millions of people who depend on the reef for their livelihoods. 8. Why is the Great Barrier Reef visible from space? A. Because of its large size. B. Because of its bright colors. C. Because of the reflection of sunlight. D. Because of the unique structure of coral polyps. 9. How do coral polyps contribute to the reef’s structure? A. By producing colorful pigments. B. By secreting calcium carbonate to build the reef framework. C. By providing food for other marine organisms. D. By creating strong currents around the reef. 10. According to the text, what mainly leads to coral bleaching? A. Overfishing activities. B. Plastic waste existing in the ocean. C. Pollution arising from agricultural runoff. D. The increasing temperatures of the ocean as a result of climate change. 11. What’s a consequence if the Great Barrier Reef loses much of its biodiversity? A. The ocean temperature will decrease. B. It will have no impact on marine life. C. It will be a tragedy for marine life. D. The coral polyps will reproduce faster. D Millions of monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) once covered the trees of California’s coastal areas each winter, but now their numbers are decreasing.The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from populations 40 years ago. Monarch butterflies have two populations: eastern and western varieties separated by the Rocky Mountains. The populations are very similar in appearance, but western monarch butterflies are generally smaller and darker in color. The two also follow different migration patterns.Eastern monarch butterflies spend winter in Mexico, while western ones gather on central California coasts to wait out the cold. In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward.By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖). A butterfly can lay hundreds of eggs in a few weeks, and the new generation continues the migration.The cycle of generations and migration repeats every few weeks through the summer until the butterflies move as far as Idaho. And when the weather turns cold and the days get shorter, the butterflies return to California’s coasts. The overwintering population was counted every year. The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April. “We just don’t know what they’re doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population,” said Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz. “Maybe they’re resting in the woods, or maybe they need more fuel along the way, etc. Any of those thing might help monarch butterflies get from the coastal overwintering sites to breeding sites broadly in the Central Valley,” Schultz added. To fill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge. The ten­-week program asks the public to submit photographs of monarch butterflies outside of their winter range. “We couldn’t be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren’t enough of us,” Schultz said. “Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.” 12. From Paragraph 1, we know monarch butterflies _______. A. are counted by researchers every decade B. are in a very difficult situation now C. have lost their home in California D. have moved to new places 13. What do the two varieties of monarch butterflies have in common? A. Their breeding places. B. Their appearance and size. C. Their way of fighting against cold. D. Their migration destination in winter. 14. Why was the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge set up? A. To know the exact number of monarch butterflies. B. To help monarch butterflies get through tough winters. C. To know better about monarch butterflies to help them. D. To find out the influence of human activities on monarch butterflies. 15. What do Schultz’s words in the last paragraph show? A. It’s challenging to make the community get involved. B. It’s important to get help from the public. C. It’s difficult to study monarch butterflies. D. It’s rewarding to learn from the public. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. ____16____ Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners. People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent(有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that―elderly and―needy are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, ____17____ To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t. It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations. ____18____ Indeed, employment is a sore point. Buoyed(支持)by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job —thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers. ____19____It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; ____20____ Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age. A. As the younger generation complains about low rate of employing, it’s high time that we need to reflect. B. but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. C. Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources. D. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. E. Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them. F. and they threaten the creation of a new myth that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. G. The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society. Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Security system. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was late afternoon that day, yet still hot. While I was driving north, I saw an elderly woman with groceries ____21____ southward, obviously in need of help. I felt guilty for not stopping. “But how can I safely stop without blocking late-afternoon traffic?” I ____22____. This thought eased my guilt ____23____. Yet I still made a U-turn, which ____24____ other drivers. I stopped by the woman, asking, “Need a ride?” “Bless you,” she said, ____25____ me farther south. As we drove, darkness fell. I grew ____26____ when entering a place with ____27____ streets and homeless people. At her apartment, a young man, wearing long hair, on a motorcycle, was smiling at me, but appearing threatening. I quickly ____28____ her things, and then quickly drove away. Soon, a motorcycle roared behind me. It was that young man! Anxiety rose from my mind. I ____29____ my phone to call 911, only to find it gone. “She stole it!” I thought. ____30____ my act of kindness. The biker kept ____31____ me to stop, waving something — my phone! I pulled over, and he handed me the phone: “Grandma sent this-she took it ____32____.” He was still smiling and soon disappeared into the night, I never had a(n) ____33____ to say I was sorry for my thoughts. I learned something else that day: Sometimes we judge people as bad just because their ____34____ doesn’t match what we think is right, They may not drive a stylish car, but who is going to say they are not ____35____ to us or even nobler? 21. A. glancing B. running C. struggling D. riding 22. A. complained B. reasoned C. confirmed D. doubted 23. A. occasionally B. completely C. gradually D. temporarily 24. A. annoyed B. discouraged C. disappointed D. inspired 25. A. urging B. directing C. driving D. leaving 26. A. sensible B. mindless C. uneasy D. curious 27. A. messy B. orderly C. safe D. busy 28. A. unloaded B. unfolded C. carried D. fetched 29. A. plugged in B. picked up C. held on to D. reached for 30. A. recalling B. mourning C. regretting D. appreciating 31. A. warning B. signaling C. forcing D. begging 32. A. in advance B. in secret C. by accident D. on purpose 33. A. attempt B. honour C. motivation D. chance 34. A. behavior B. appearance C. perspective D. personality 35. A. energetic B. cautious C. creative D. equal 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 10th Nishan Forum (论坛) on World Civilizations is set to kick off ___36___ Wednesday in Nishan, Qufu, Shandong province___37___ (know) as the birthplace of Confucius. The two-day forum — themed “Traditional Culture and Modern Civilization” — will cover___38___ (topic) such as civilizational exchanges and mutual learning amid global challenges, Chinese-style and Western modernization, civilization inheritance, ___39___ (innovate) in the process of modernization and the effects of artificial intelligence and humanity. Nishan, located 30 kilometers southeast of the county-level city of Qufu in Jining, ___40___ is a must-visit tourist destination, combines the charm of China’s traditional culture with the world cultural heritage sites of the Temple of Confucius, the Mansion of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius. Since its inception (开办) in 2010,the Nishan forum ___41___ (hold) nine times. The event features dialogue between different civilizations around ___42___ world. It has become an ___43___ (increasing) important platform for strengthening the preservation and development of Chinese traditional culture, advocating common human values and ___44___ (promote) international cultural exchanges and cooperation. This year’s forum will host nearly 400 international guests from 63 countries — the largest number of countries ___45___ guests. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是校报英语专栏记者李津。你校为了庆祝故宫博物院建院100周年，于10月10日上午举办了主题为“百年故宫·科技传情”（Century-old Palace Museum: Heritage via Technology）的活动。请你按照以下提示，撰写活动报道： （1）活动目的、时间； （2）活动内容（专家讲座、AI创意作品展示等）； （3）收获和感受。 注意：（1）词数100左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my family moved to Seattle, where my parents started their new business — a small grocery store downstairs in my house. As a girl of shy and reserved nature, I had to take a fresh start to fit into the sophisticated city life. One sunny day, my school announced an exciting event, a talent show for the local food bank. Students were encouraged to showcase their unique talents in front of the public in the city hall on National Day. A buzz of excitement filled the school as everyone began preparing for the big day. Deep down, I felt a spark of curiosity and a desire to participate. However, my self-doubt held me back, “I don’t have any special skills to share.” Days turned into weeks, and the talent show drew closer. I couldn’t shake the upsetting feeling until one day Emma, one of the most popular girls in my class, came to me while I was helping in the grocery store after class. “How about singing together in the talent show?” she grinned. “I heard you singing a tune, along the way back home. I can’t help following you here.” Dear, I couldn’t believe my ears. Emma, with personality and popularity, acknowledged my little talent. Since Emma had the world’s prettiest voice, I felt like being favoured by fortune. “You two? The talent show for the food bank?” My mum bent towards us and her face lit up. “Why not practise right now upstairs? I bet you’ll be a perfect match.” Winking at us, she seemed to know we were thinking alike. Emma and I embarked on rehearsing almost every single day after school. We brainstormed, exchanged ideas and rehearsed the scene. As the days rolled by, I was feeling pretty good about our act. But the day before the performance, Emma called saying that she had an acute stomachache and was not in any shape to perform. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: I was completely knocked out by the news. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Finally came the big moment. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $