20-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 高考阅读理解专题训练，通过典型语篇与分类解析，构建“题型-方法-逻辑”三维体系，提升语言理解与思维推断能力，强化文化意识与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |主旨题|2题（A篇1题/B篇8题）|抓首尾段主题句，规避极端表述|语篇结构与主旨句定位的关联| |推理题|2题（A篇2题/B篇7题）|联系上下文例证作用，推断隐含信息|例证功能与作者态度的推导| |细节题|2题（A篇3题/B篇5题）|精准定位原文信息，比对选项差异|信息筛选与原文复现的逻辑| |词汇题|1题（B篇6题）|结合语境分析词义，理解矛盾关系|语境语义与词汇内涵的关联| |七选五|5题（C篇）|关注上下文衔接词，把握段落逻辑|句间关系与语篇连贯的构建|

Branch 20 高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The phenomenon of "ghost cities" in China has attracted international attention, often accompanied by dramatic headlines about empty skyscrapers and deserted urban centers. However, a more nuanced examination reveals a far more complex picture—one that challenges both the critics' alarmism and the promoters' optimism. These new urban developments, particularly in mid-sized cities, represent not failures but works in progress, reflecting the distinctive logic of China's urbanization strategy. The development of new urban districts follows a pattern that critics often misunderstand: build infrastructure first, attract population second. In Western contexts, cities typically grow organically as populations increase and economic activity expands. China's approach, by contrast, is developmental—creating the physical framework for growth before the growth itself occurs. This proactive strategy, while appearing wasteful in the short term, has historically enabled rapid urbanization. The development of Pudong in Shanghai followed precisely this pattern, transforming from farmland to global financial center within decades. Nevertheless, the adjustment period can be prolonged. Some districts that appeared "ghostly" a decade ago have since become vibrant communities, while others continue to struggle. The variation reflects multiple factors: location, transportation connectivity, industrial policy support, and local governance capacity. Districts integrated into regional transportation networks and supported by industrial development have generally performed better than those relying solely on residential development. Economic transitions have added new complexity. The slowdown in China's property sector, combined with local government debt concerns, has forced a reassessment of previous expansion strategies. Some stalled projects have been redesigned for alternative uses—converting office buildings to residential, repurposing commercial space for institutional use. These adaptations suggest resilience rather than failure, a willingness to adjust plans in response to changing realities. The ghost city narrative also overlooks important demographic dimensions. China's urban population continues to grow, with tens of millions of rural residents moving to cities annually. This ongoing migration creates sustained demand for urban housing and services, even as overall population growth slows. The medium-term outlook for most new districts remains positive, provided they are supported by appropriate economic activities and infrastructure. Understanding Chinese urbanization requires moving beyond simplistic narratives of success or failure. The reality is more textured: some ambitious projects will succeed spectacularly, others will underperform, and most will fall somewhere in between. What distinguishes China's approach is not the absence of mistakes but the capacity for rapid learning, adaptation, and course correction. The ghost city phenomenon, properly understood, is not a failure but a feature of a dynamic, experimental approach to urban development. 1.What is the author's primary purpose in writing this passage? A. To criticize Western observers for misunderstanding Chinese urbanization B. To challenge simplistic narratives and provide a more balanced perspective C. To promote China's urban development model as superior to all others D. To warn that China's cities are all becoming empty and abandoned 2.The author mentions Pudong in Shanghai in paragraph 2 to ______. A. suggest that Shanghai is also facing the ghost city problem B. argue that all new districts will ultimately succeed like Pudong C. provide a counterexample to the claim that China's urban strategy is flawed D. compare Pudong's development unfavorably with other cities 3.Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 4? A. Economic challenges have led to adaptations rather than abandonment B. All ghost cities have been successfully revived through repurposing C. Local governments have no plans for stalled projects D. The property sector is growing faster than ever before 4.What can be inferred about the author's attitude toward Chinese urbanization? A. Strongly critical of its wastefulness B. Uncritically supportive of all projects C. Measured and realistic, acknowledging both challenges and resilience D. Indifferent, considering it unimportant to international observers B The proliferation of "plasticulture" is one of the least discussed environmental transitions of the past century. This compound term describes the deliberate and extensive use of plastics in agricultural production. From plastic mulch films that cover soil to drip irrigation tubes, seedling trays, and greenhouse covers, modern farming has become heavily dependent on synthetic polymers. While plasticulture has delivered significant productivity gains, its environmental consequences—particularly the accumulation of microplastics in agricultural soils—are only now being fully recognized. Plastic mulch films, widely used in vegetable production, present a paradox. They conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and increase soil temperature, enabling earlier planting and higher yields. These benefits have contributed substantially to feeding growing populations, particularly in developing countries where land constraints are severe. In China alone, plastic mulch covers over 20 million hectares of farmland annually. The productivity gains are undeniable, yet the films degrade slowly and are rarely recycled effectively. The degradation process produces microplastics—fragments smaller than five millimeters—which accumulate in soil layers over time. Research is increasingly documenting the consequences: changes in soil structure, reduced water infiltration, interference with nutrient cycling, and toxic effects on soil organisms. Earthworms, crucial for maintaining soil fertility, have been found to accumulate microplastics in their digestive systems, with adverse effects on their survival and reproduction. These impacts represent a long-term threat to agricultural productivity that may eventually offset the short-term gains. The contamination pathway extends beyond the farm. Microplastics from agricultural fields can leach into groundwater, be carried by wind to neighboring areas, and enter the food chain through crops. While the human health implications remain incompletely understood, preliminary studies suggest potential risks from exposure to plastic-associated additives and the capacity of microplastics to carry environmental pollutants. Solutions exist, but adoption is hindered by economic barriers. Biodegradable mulches, made from plant-based materials, offer an alternative, but they are substantially more expensive and currently less effective in some growing conditions. Improved recycling systems, better waste management, and incentives for alternative practices could reduce the damage, but these require investment and policy support that many agricultural communities lack. The plasticulture dilemma exemplifies a broader pattern: technologies that solve immediate challenges often create longer-term problems that are harder to address. As global food demand continues to rise, the pressure to maintain or increase agricultural productivity will remain. The challenge is to develop systems that meet production needs without sacrificing the environmental foundation on which agriculture depends. 5.According to paragraph 2, what is the primary benefit of plastic mulch films? A. They are cheap and easy to produce B. They increase yields by conserving moisture and controlling weeds C. They require no maintenance after installation D. They are made from biodegradable materials 6.The phrase "present a paradox" in paragraph 2 most likely means that plastic mulch films ______. A. have conflicting qualities—both benefits and significant drawbacks B. are surprisingly difficult to understand C. completely contradict each other's functions D. have no logical explanation for their effects 7.What does paragraph 4 imply about the human health risks of microplastics? A. They are well understood and proven to be severe B. There is no risk to human health at all C. They are uncertain but potentially concerning D. Only farmers who work directly with plastics are affected 8.The best title for this passage would be ______. A. "The Hidden Cost of Agricultural Plastics" B. "The Invention of Plasticulture" C. "How to Increase Crop Yields Sustainably" D. "The Benefits of Biodegradable Mulch" 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C The concept of "purpose-driven business" has gained considerable traction in recent years, challenging the long-held assumption that the sole purpose of corporations is to maximize shareholder value. This shift reflects growing recognition that businesses operate within social and environmental systems, and that long-term success depends on maintaining these systems rather than extracting value from them. [9] ______ Rather than a departure from profitability, this orientation often enhances it. Companies that have committed to purpose beyond profit frequently outperform their traditional counterparts in revenue growth and employee retention. Employees increasingly prefer to work for organizations whose values align with their own, and consumers show loyalty to brands that demonstrate authentic commitment to social and environmental responsibility. The implementation of purpose-driven principles varies considerably. [10] ______ Others integrate social and environmental goals into their core business models, measuring success through "triple bottom line" reporting that includes social and environmental performance alongside financial results. Still others adopt benefit corporation status, legally binding themselves to consider stakeholders beyond shareholders. Critics raise legitimate questions about the seriousness of these commitments. [11] ______ Some have warned about "purpose washing"—adopting the language of social responsibility while maintaining essentially unchanged practices. Without transparency and accountability, purpose-driven language can become merely a marketing exercise. Regulatory frameworks are adapting to this shift. [12] ______ Other regions are considering similar legislation, reflecting the growing expectation that businesses should account for their wider impacts. These legal changes provide standardized frameworks that make authentic commitments more visible and greenwashing more difficult to conceal. The longer-term implications of this movement are still unfolding. [13] ______ What is clear is that the question is no longer whether businesses should consider social and environmental impacts, but how effectively they can integrate these considerations into their operations. The purpose-driven business may well become the norm rather than the exception. 选项（A-G）： A. Some companies adopt purpose as a supplementary strategy. B. This is where traditional thinking has been completely replaced. C. Some jurisdictions now require companies to report on social and environmental impacts. D. They question whether stated purposes are genuinely reflected in corporate behavior. E. The movement may ultimately reshape how we define corporate success. F. Purpose-driven businesses are often unprofitable and unsustainable. G. The core of the purpose-driven approach is the belief that business can be a force for good while generating returns. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。文章开篇即指出"ghost cities"现象被国际媒体以夸张方式报道（dramatic headlines about empty skyscrapers），但作者随即提出"a more nuanced examination reveals a far more complex picture"。全文在此基调上展开，既要纠正批评者的夸张说法，也不盲目乐观，最终总结需要"moving beyond simplistic narratives of success or failure"。A项"批评西方观察者误解"是文章的部分内容而非完整目的；C项"推广优于所有其他"过于极端；D项"警告所有城市都在变空"与主旨相反。 第2题 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。作者在第二段描述了中国"先建基础设施再吸引人口"的发展模式，并指出西方视角下这看似浪费（"appearing wasteful in the short term"），但随后以浦东为例说明这一模式在历史上确实有效（"transforming from farmland to global financial center within decades"），以此回应对中国战略的批评。A项"上海也在面临鬼城问题"——浦东是成功案例；B项"所有新区最终都会像浦东一样成功"过于绝对；D项"将浦东与其他城市不利比较"与原文相反。 第3题 答案：A 解析：段落主旨题。第四段第一句"Economic transitions have added new complexity"点明经济转型带来了新复杂性。随后说明房地产放缓和地方债务问题导致"reassessment"，并举例说明被搁置的项目被重新设计用于其他用途（"converted... repurposed..."）。最后一句"These adaptations suggest resilience rather than failure"总结——这些调整体现了韧性和灵活性，而非失败。B项"所有鬼城都被成功恢复"过于绝对；C项"地方政府没有计划"与"redesigned"相反；D项"房地产增长更快"与"slowdown"相反。 第4题 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。全文体现了作者对中国城市化的审慎、现实的态度。作者既批评了媒体夸张（"alarmism"）和批评者的误解，也提到了挑战（挑战段落提到"some continue to struggle"），同时肯定了适应能力和韧性。A项"强烈批评浪费"过于片面；B项"不加批判地支持所有项目"与提到"some underperform"不符；D项"漠不关心"与全文详细分析不符。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第二段明确列出塑料覆盖膜的好处："conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and increase soil temperature, enabling earlier planting and higher yields"。A项"便宜易生产"未提及；C项"安装后无需维护"未提及；D项"可生物降解"与后文"degrade slowly"相反。 第6题 答案：A 解析：词汇/短语释义题。"present a paradox"指塑料覆盖膜具有自相矛盾的特点——一方面带来了显著的产量提升（benefits），另一方面会降解缓慢且难以有效回收（significant drawbacks）。B项"难以理解"是字面误解；C项"完全矛盾"忽略了它们同时存在；D项"没有逻辑解释"与"paradox"的学术含义不符——矛盾的事物本身可以有合理的逻辑解释。 第7题 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。第四段指出"While the human health implications remain incompletely understood, preliminary studies suggest potential risks"，说明目前不完全清楚但存在潜在担忧。A项"已被充分证明且严重"与"incompletely understood"矛盾；B项"没有风险"过于绝对且未提及；D项"只有直接接触塑料的农民受影响"过于狭窄。 第8题 答案：A 解析：标题选择题。全文围绕农业生产中塑料使用带来的环境成本展开，讨论了塑料覆盖膜的收益（第二段）和长期代价（第三、四段），以及解决方案的挑战（第五段）。B项"塑料农业的发明"关注起点而非全文重点；C项"如何可持续增产"过于宽泛；D项"可降解地膜的好处"只涉及最后一段的部分内容。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：G 解析：前文介绍"purpose-driven business"概念正在兴起，后文指出"Rather than a departure from profitability, this orientation often enhances it"。G项"目的驱动方法的核心是相信商业可以在创造回报的同时成为一股向善的力量"概括了该理念的本质，且解释了为什么它不与营利冲突——这正是后文所说的"而不是偏离盈利"的对应。 第10题 答案：A 解析：前文"The implementation of purpose-driven principles varies considerably"表明本段将列举不同做法。后文"Others integrate social and environmental goals into their core business models... Still others adopt benefit corporation status"呈现了三种不同层次的做法。A项"一些公司采纳目的作为补充策略"形成"Some... Others... Still others..."的并列结构，自然衔接。 第11题 答案：D 解析：前文"Critics raise legitimate questions about the seriousness of these commitments"，后文警告"purpose washing"现象。D项"他们质疑所宣称的目的是否真正反映在企业行为中"具体说明了批评者提出的问题内容，与后文关于透明度和问责制的讨论形成因果。 第12题 答案：C 解析：前文"Regulatory frameworks are adapting to this shift"（监管框架正在适应这一转变），后文"Other regions are considering similar legislation"（其他地区正在考虑类似立法）。C项"一些辖区现在要求公司报告社会和环境影响"是具体法规示例，且与后文构成"Some... Others..."的并列关系。 第13题 答案：E 解析：前文"The longer-term implications of this movement are still unfolding"（这一运动的长期影响仍在逐步展现），后文"问题不再是企业是否应考虑社会和环境影响，而是他们能多有效地将其纳入运营"。E项"这场运动最终可能重塑我们如何定义企业的成功"是对长期影响的合理推测，与后文关于"不再是是否而是如何"的讨论形成递进。B项"这是传统思维完全被取代的地方"过于绝对，与文中渐进式变革的基调不符；F项"目的驱动企业往往不盈利且不可持续"与第一段"often enhances profitability"直接冲突。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $