13-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） 任务单-2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解核心题型，通过文本解析与题型对应构建“定位-推理-衔接”三阶解题体系，强化语言理解与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A/B篇（四选一）|8题（含细节理解、推理判断）|细节题定位原文关键句，推理题分析上下文逻辑关系|从文本信息提取到深层含义推断，形成“信息定位-干扰排除-合理推断”链条| |C篇（七选五）|5题（段落衔接）|关注空格前后语义关联，分析承上启下逻辑（如例证、总结）|以段落结构为框架，构建“主题句-支撑句-过渡句”的语篇组织逻辑|

Branch 13 高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Traditional Chinese architecture represents one of the world's most enduring building traditions. From the grand halls of the Forbidden City to the humble courtyard homes of rural villages, these structures reflect a deep philosophical understanding of nature, harmony, and human well-being. Unlike Western architecture, which often emphasizes verticality and stone construction, Chinese buildings typically feature horizontal lines, wooden frames, and an intimate relationship with their surroundings. The use of wood as a primary building material was not merely a practical choice. Wood was believed to be a living material that could adapt to its environment, expanding and contracting with changes in humidity. Traditional builders developed sophisticated joinery techniques that did not rely on nails or adhesives. These mortise-and-tenon joints allowed structures to flex during earthquakes, making them surprisingly resilient. Many ancient wooden buildings, some over a thousand years old, still stand today, having survived countless seismic events. Space and orientation were equally important. Traditional Chinese buildings were typically arranged along a north-south axis, with the main entrance facing south. This orientation maximized sunlight during winter while minimizing direct exposure during hot summer months. Courtyards served as central organizing elements, providing light, ventilation, and a connection to nature. The concept of "feng shui," or wind and water, guided the placement of buildings to harmonize with the surrounding landscape, ensuring a flow of positive energy. Modern architects are increasingly drawing inspiration from these ancient principles. As concerns about climate change and energy consumption grow, the passive design strategies of traditional Chinese architecture—natural ventilation, daylighting, and thermal mass—are being rediscovered as sustainable solutions. Some contemporary buildings in China have incorporated wooden lattices that mimic traditional patterns while serving as solar shading devices, reducing the need for air conditioning. However, the preservation of existing traditional buildings presents challenges. Urbanization and economic development have led to the demolition of many historic structures. Furthermore, the traditional skills required for wooden construction are at risk of being lost, as younger generations are less interested in learning these crafts. Efforts are underway to document and preserve both the buildings and the knowledge that created them, recognizing that this heritage holds lessons for a more sustainable future. 1.How does traditional Chinese architecture differ from Western architecture according to the passage? A. It uses more stone and emphasizes vertical lines. B. It emphasizes horizontal lines and uses wooden frames. C. It is always built on mountains. D. It does not include any decorative elements. 2.What advantage did the mortise-and-tenon joint system provide? A. It made construction faster and cheaper. B. It allowed buildings to survive earthquakes. C. It prevented wood from rotting. D. It made buildings easier to move. 3.What is the significance of the south-facing orientation in traditional buildings? A. It was a religious requirement. B. It optimized sunlight and temperature control. C. It allowed for better views of the mountains. D. It was only used for imperial buildings. 4.What challenge does the preservation of traditional architecture face? A. There is too much government support. B. Modern architects are not interested in traditional design. C. Traditional building skills are being lost. D. All traditional buildings have already been destroyed. B Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most urgent environmental crises of our time. Since the 1950s, humanity has produced over 8 billion tons of plastic, most of which has ended up in landfills or the natural environment. Unlike organic materials, plastic does not decompose; it breaks down into smaller particles known as microplastics, which now contaminate the deepest oceans, the highest mountains, and even the air we breathe. The scale of the problem demands a coordinated global response. The production of plastic is intimately linked to fossil fuels. As the world transitions toward renewable energy, the fossil fuel industry has identified plastic production as a growth market. This creates a complex economic tension: efforts to reduce plastic consumption directly conflict with the interests of oil and gas producers. Addressing this issue requires not only technological innovation but also political will and international cooperation. Many countries are implementing policies to combat plastic pollution. The European Union has banned single-use plastics such as straws, cutlery, and plates. China has phased out the import of foreign waste and is promoting domestic recycling systems. Several African nations have introduced some of the world's strictest plastic bag bans. These measures have shown promising results, with observable decreases in plastic waste in participating regions. However, policy alone is insufficient. Consumer behavior must also change. The convenience and low cost of plastic products make them deeply appealing. Changing habits requires education, accessible alternatives, and sometimes economic incentives. Some supermarkets now charge for plastic bags or offer discounts to customers who bring reusable containers. Such small nudges, when multiplied across millions of consumers, can produce significant environmental benefits. Innovation in materials science offers another path forward. Researchers are developing biodegradable plastics made from plant starches and other renewable resources. Others are working on enzymes that can break down PET plastic, potentially enabling infinite recycling. While these technologies are promising, they are not yet cost-competitive with conventional plastics on a large scale. The challenge of plastic pollution is immense, but it is not insurmountable. History has shown that human ingenuity, combined with collective action, can solve even the most difficult environmental problems. The transition to a circular economy—where materials are continuously reused rather than discarded—represents a vision worth pursuing. 5.What happens to plastic over time according to the passage? A. It completely disappears. B. It breaks down into microplastics. C. It turns into a harmless substance. D. It becomes biodegradable. 6.Why is reducing plastic consumption economically complicated? A. Plastic production is profitable for the fossil fuel industry. B. Plastic products are cheaper to produce than metal ones. C. Most countries do not have recycling facilities. D. Consumers prefer plastic over other materials. 7.What has China done to address plastic pollution? A. It has banned all plastic production. B. It has stopped importing foreign waste and promoted recycling. C. It has built more landfills for plastic waste. D. It has increased plastic exports. 8.What is the main purpose of the final paragraph? A. To express despair about the plastic problem. B. To suggest that the problem is unsolvable. C. To convey optimism and call for collective action. D. To promote a specific new plastic product. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C In a digital age dominated by social media and constant connectivity, the simple act of writing in a journal may seem outdated. Yet this centuries-old practice remains one of the most effective tools for personal growth, emotional regulation, and self-discovery. Putting pen to paper—or fingers to keyboard—offers benefits that no app or algorithm can fully replicate. Journaling provides a safe space for emotional release. When you write about difficult experiences, you can process complex feelings without judgment. (9) ______ This externalization of thoughts helps you understand your own reactions and find clarity in moments of confusion. Beyond emotional processing, journaling enhances self-awareness. By regularly recording your thoughts, you begin to detect patterns in your behavior and thinking. (10) ______ Recognizing these patterns is the first step toward making positive changes in your life. Journaling also improves problem-solving skills. When facing a challenge, writing about it forces you to organize your thoughts and explore different perspectives. (11) ______ Many people find that solutions emerge naturally as they write, even when they started with no clear answer in mind. Another significant benefit is goal achievement. Writing down your goals increases your commitment to them. (12) ______ By documenting progress and setbacks, you can adjust your approach and stay motivated over the long term. Finally, keeping a journal creates a valuable record of your life journey. Years later, you can look back and see how you have grown, what you have overcome, and what has mattered most to you. (13) ______ It can be a source of wisdom and comfort in challenging times. 选项（A-G）： A. You may notice that certain situations consistently trigger stress or joy. B. Your journal will become a personal archive of your evolving self. C. This practice has been proven to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. D. The act of writing itself can help you see problems more clearly. E. This is especially useful when you are feeling overwhelmed by emotion. F. You should always write in a paper notebook rather than on a device. G. A journal serves as a reminder of what you have already accomplished. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：第一段明确指出"Unlike Western architecture, which often emphasizes verticality and stone construction, Chinese buildings typically feature horizontal lines, wooden frames"。A项"使用更多石材和垂直线"描述的是西方建筑；C项"总是建在山上"、D项"没有任何装饰"均不正确。 第2题 答案：B 解析：第二段指出榫卯结构"allowed structures to flex during earthquakes, making them surprisingly resilient"。A项"更快更便宜"、C项"防止腐烂"、D项"便于移动"均未提及。 第3题 答案：B 解析：第三段指出南向朝向"maximized sunlight during winter while minimizing direct exposure during hot summer months"，即优化日照和温度控制。A项"宗教要求"、C项"更好山景"、D项"仅用于皇家建筑"均不正确。 第4题 答案：C 解析：最后一段指出"the traditional skills required for wooden construction are at risk of being lost"。A项"政府支持太多"与"面临挑战"矛盾；B项"现代建筑师不感兴趣"与"越来越多地汲取灵感"相反；D项"所有传统建筑已被毁"过于极端。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：第一段指出"plastic does not decompose; it breaks down into smaller particles known as microplastics"。A项"完全消失"与事实相反；C项"变成无害物质"未提及；D项"变得可生物降解"不准确。 第6题 答案：A 解析：第二段指出"the fossil fuel industry has identified plastic production as a growth market... efforts to reduce plastic consumption directly conflict with the interests of oil and gas producers"。B项"比金属便宜"是消费层面原因；C项"大多数国家没有回收设施"未提及；D项"消费者偏好"是需求端原因。 第7题 答案：B 解析：第三段指出"China has phased out the import of foreign waste and is promoting domestic recycling systems"。A项"禁止所有塑料生产"过于极端；C项"建更多垃圾填埋场"与"促进回收"方向相反；D项"增加塑料出口"未提及。 第8题 答案：C 解析：最后一段指出"challenge is immense, but it is not insurmountable... human ingenuity, combined with collective action, can solve even the most difficult environmental problems"，表达乐观并呼吁集体行动。A项"绝望"、B项"无法解决"均与原文基调相反；D项"推广具体新产品"未提及。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：E 解析：前文"写作让你处理复杂感受而不带评判"，后文"将思想外部化帮助理解自己的反应"。E项"这在感到情绪不堪重负时特别有用"具体说明了写作的适用场景，承上启下。 第10题 答案：A 解析：前文"定期记录能发现行为和思维模式"，A项"你可能会注意到某些情境持续引发压力或喜悦"具体说明会发现什么样的模式，后文"识别这些模式是积极改变的第一步"是对此作用的总结。 第11题 答案：D 解析：前文"写作迫使你组织思想、探索不同视角"，D项"写作行为本身能帮你更清晰地看待问题"是对此效果的概括，后文"解决方案往往在写作中自然浮现"进一步印证。 第12题 答案：G 解析：前文"写下目标增加承诺"，后文"记录进展和挫折调整方法"。G项"日记提醒你已经取得的成就"衔接了"目标设定"与"追踪进展"之间的逻辑，强调了回顾成就的激励作用。 第13题 答案：B 解析：前文"创造有价值的人生记录，未来可以回顾成长"，B项"你的日记将成为个人不断演变的档案"总结了日记的记录功能，与后文"成为智慧与安慰之源"形成完整结尾。C项"已被证明能减轻焦虑和抑郁症状"文中未提及临床研究证据；F项"应用纸质笔记本而非电子设备"过于绝对且本文未讨论介质问题。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $