14-高考阅读理解专题 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解核心题型，通过典型话题与详细解析构建“定位-分析-排除”解题体系，强化语言信息提取与逻辑推理能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |常规阅读（A/B篇）|8题（城市农业/生态建筑）|定位原文关键信息、干扰项排除法、细节与推理题区分|社会热点话题（环保/文化）与题型（细节/推理）对应，通过原文信息与选项比对构建解题逻辑| |七选五（C篇）|5题（睡眠卫生）|逻辑衔接（同义复现/对比转折）、段落主旨匹配|以“睡眠建议”为线索，按“环境-习惯-活动-心理”层次展开，衔接词与上下文逻辑对应|

Branch 14 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the heart of Shanghai, atop a former industrial building, a lush rooftop garden produces fresh vegetables that supply local restaurants within hours of harvest. This scene, once unimaginable in one of the world's most densely populated cities, is becoming increasingly common across China. Urban farming—the practice of growing food within city boundaries—is transforming vacant lots, rooftops, and even vertical walls into productive agricultural spaces. The drivers behind this movement are multiple. Rapid urbanization has consumed vast amounts of farmland, raising concerns about food security. Meanwhile, the average distance food travels from farm to table in China exceeds 1,000 kilometers, resulting in significant carbon emissions and nutrient loss. Urban farms dramatically shorten this supply chain, offering fresher produce with a much smaller environmental footprint. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in long-distance supply chains, accelerating interest in local food production. Technology is playing a crucial role in making urban farming viable. Hydroponic systems, which grow plants without soil using nutrient-rich water, allow cultivation in spaces where traditional farming would be impossible. LED lighting enables year-round production regardless of weather conditions. Sensors continuously monitor temperature, humidity, and nutrient levels, automatically adjusting conditions to optimize growth. These technological innovations have reduced the cost and increased the productivity of urban farms to the point where many are now commercially viable. The social benefits of urban farming are equally significant. Community gardens bring neighbors together, fostering social connections and providing educational opportunities for children who may have never seen a vegetable growing. Some projects employ formerly unemployed residents, providing both income and a sense of purpose. Schools have integrated rooftop gardens into their science curricula, giving students hands-on experience with biology and ecology. Government policies have supported this expansion. Many Chinese cities now offer subsidies for green roof construction and tax incentives for urban agriculture enterprises. The central government has included urban farming in its national agricultural development plans, recognizing its potential to complement traditional rural agriculture rather than replace it. Despite its promise, urban farming faces real limitations. The scale of production remains small compared to rural farms, and the initial investment in equipment can be substantial. Moreover, not all crops are suited to urban conditions. Nevertheless, as technology continues to advance and cities seek greater resilience, urban farming is poised to play an increasingly important role in China's food system. 1.What is the main reason for the growing interest in urban farming mentioned in the passage? A. It is more profitable than rural farming. B. It addresses concerns about food security and environmental impact. C. It requires less skill than traditional agriculture. D. It produces more food than rural farms. 2.How does technology contribute to urban farming? A. By completely eliminating the need for sunlight. B. By reducing the cost and increasing productivity. C. By replacing all human labor with machines. D. By allowing farming in any location without any equipment. 3.What social benefit of urban farming is mentioned in the passage? A. It reduces crime rates in urban areas. B. It provides educational opportunities and community connections. C. It increases property values in the neighborhood. D. It creates competition among local restaurants. 4.What is one limitation of urban farming according to the passage? A. It cannot produce any crops at all. B. The production scale is relatively small. C. It is not supported by the government. D. It produces food that is less nutritious. B A young architect in Chengdu is designing affordable housing that requires no air conditioning, even during the region's notoriously hot and humid summers. Her secret? A combination of traditional Sichuan courtyard principles and modern computational modeling. She is part of a growing movement of Chinese architects who are redefining sustainable design by drawing on indigenous wisdom while embracing cutting-edge technology. This movement reflects a broader shift in Chinese architectural education. For decades, Chinese architecture schools predominantly taught Western modernist principles, often overlooking indigenous building traditions. In recent years, however, there has been a revival of interest in traditional building techniques. Universities now offer courses that combine the study of ancient construction methods with advanced environmental simulation software. Students learn to analyze how traditional buildings responded to local climate conditions and then apply those lessons to contemporary projects. One remarkable example is the use of "dougong," the traditional interlocking wooden bracket system, in modern buildings. While historically used in temples and palaces, architects are now adapting dougong principles for modern structures. The system's ability to distribute weight and absorb seismic energy makes it ideal for earthquake-prone regions. Furthermore, because the joints are assembled without nails, buildings can be disassembled and materials reused, aligning with circular economy principles. Another area of innovation is the use of traditional materials in modern contexts. Rammed earth, an ancient technique of compressing soil into walls, is being revisited for its excellent thermal properties. Buildings made this way remain cool in summer and warm in winter, dramatically reducing energy needs. New stabilization techniques have overcome the traditional weakness of rammed earth—vulnerability to water damage—making it durable enough for large-scale projects. These architects are not merely nostalgic. They are responding to urgent environmental realities. The construction industry accounts for nearly 40 percent of global carbon emissions. By learning from buildings that operated for centuries without fossil fuels, today's architects are finding practical solutions to one of the most pressing challenges of our time. The international architecture community has taken notice. Chinese eco-architects have been invited to speak at conferences and contribute to global sustainability initiatives. Their work demonstrates that sustainable design need not be imported from the West; it can emerge from deep engagement with one's own architectural heritage. For a new generation of Chinese architects, the past is not a constraint but a source of inspiration. 5.What characterizes the new generation of Chinese eco-architects mentioned in the passage? A. They rely entirely on Western design methods. B. They combine traditional wisdom with modern technology. C. They refuse to use any modern materials. D. They only build in rural areas. 6.What has changed in Chinese architectural education according to the passage? A. Schools have stopped teaching Western architecture entirely. B. Traditional building techniques are now being studied alongside modern methods. C. Students are no longer required to study environmental science. D. All courses are now taught online. 7.What is one advantage of the dougong system in modern buildings? A. It is cheaper than all other construction methods. B. It allows buildings to withstand earthquakes. C. It makes buildings look more modern. D. It requires no maintenance. 8.Why are some architects revisiting rammed earth construction? A. It is the cheapest material available. B. It has excellent thermal properties that reduce energy use. C. It is stronger than steel. D. It can be produced in factories quickly. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C Sleep is essential for physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. Yet millions of people struggle with poor sleep quality, waking up feeling exhausted even after spending eight hours in bed. The problem often lies not in the quantity of sleep but in its quality. Improving sleep hygiene—the habits and practices that promote consistent, restorative sleep—can transform your nights and, by extension, your days. The first rule of good sleep hygiene is maintaining a consistent schedule. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. (9) ______ This regularity reinforces your body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Your bedroom environment significantly affects sleep quality. Keep the room cool, quiet, and dark. Invest in comfortable bedding and a supportive mattress. (10) ______ Even small sources of light or noise can disrupt sleep without you being consciously aware of them. What you do before bed matters as much as what you do in bed. Avoid screens for at least an hour before sleeping, as the blue light they emit suppresses melatonin production. Similarly, avoid heavy meals, caffeine, and alcohol close to bedtime. (11) ______ Instead, establish a relaxing pre-sleep routine, such as reading a book, taking a warm bath, or practicing gentle stretching. Physical activity during the day promotes better sleep at night. Regular exercise helps you fall asleep faster and enjoy deeper sleep. However, timing is important. (12) ______ It can make falling asleep more difficult. Finally, manage your worries. If you find yourself lying in bed with racing thoughts, get up and write down your concerns. (13) ______ Return to bed when you feel calmer. 选项（A-G）： A. Such environmental factors can significantly affect your rest. B. This helps regulate your body's internal clock. C. Intensive exercise shortly before bedtime may have the opposite effect. D. You should never take naps during the day. E. Putting your concerns on paper can help clear your mind. F. This ensures you get enough deep sleep every night. G. These activities can interfere with your ability to fall asleep. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：第二段指出城市化消耗农田引发粮食安全担忧，长距离运输导致碳排放和营养流失，城市农业通过缩短供应链来解决这些问题。A项"比农村农业更盈利"未提及；C项"所需技能更少"未提及；D项"产量比农村更多"与最后一段"产量规模仍小"矛盾。 第2题 答案：B 解析：第三段指出LED照明、传感器等技术创新"have reduced the cost and increased the productivity of urban farms"。A项"完全消除对阳光需求"过于绝对；C项"用机器取代所有人力"未提及；D项"无需任何设备"与原文相反。 第3题 答案：B 解析：第四段提到社区花园"fostering social connections and providing educational opportunities for children"，学校将屋顶花园融入科学课程。A项"降低犯罪率"、C项"提高房价"、D项"增加餐厅竞争"均未提及。 第4题 答案：B 解析：最后一段指出"The scale of production remains small compared to rural farms"。A项"完全不能生产任何作物"过于绝对；C项"得不到政府支持"与第五段"政策支持"相反；D项"产出食物营养较低"未提及。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：第一段指出年轻建筑师"combining traditional Sichuan courtyard principles and modern computational modeling"，第二段"combine the study of ancient construction methods with advanced environmental simulation software"。A项"完全依赖西方方法"相反；C项"拒绝任何现代材料"过于极端；D项"只在农村建造"未提及。 第6题 答案：B 解析：第二段指出"there has been a revival of interest in traditional building techniques... Universities now offer courses that combine the study of ancient construction methods with advanced environmental simulation software"。A项"完全停止教授西方建筑"过于极端；C项"不再学习环境科学"相反；D项"所有课程在线教授"未提及。 第7题 答案：B 解析：第三段指出斗拱系统"ability to distribute weight and absorb seismic energy makes it ideal for earthquake-prone regions"。A项"比其他所有方法都便宜"、C项"让建筑看起来更现代"、D项"无需维护"均未提及。 第8题 答案：B 解析：第四段指出夯土"being revisited for its excellent thermal properties... dramatically reducing energy needs"。A项"最便宜的材料"、C项"比钢材更强"、D项"可在工厂快速生产"均未提及。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：B 解析：前文"每天同一时间睡觉和起床"，B项"这有助于调节你身体的生物钟"是对固定作息作用的直接解释，后文"这种规律性强化自然睡眠-觉醒周期"与B项同义复现。 第10题 答案：A 解析：前文"保持房间凉爽、安静、黑暗，使用舒适的床上用品"，A项"这些环境因素会显著影响你的休息"是对这些因素的概括，后文"即使微小的光源或噪音也会干扰睡眠"具体说明干扰机制。 第11题 答案：G 解析：前文列举"睡前避免屏幕、大餐、咖啡因和酒精"，G项"这些活动会干扰你入睡的能力"是对这些干扰因素的总括，后文"相反，建立放松的睡前常规"形成对比转折。 第12题 答案：C 解析：前文"白天体育锻炼促进睡眠但时机很重要"，后文"会让人更难入睡"。C项"睡前不久进行剧烈运动可能产生相反效果"解释了时机的重要性，与后文直接衔接。 第13题 答案：E 解析：前文"若躺在床上思绪纷飞，起床写下担忧"，后文"感觉平静后回到床上"。E项"把担忧写下来能帮助清空头脑"解释了该行为的作用。D项"白天永远不要小睡"过于绝对，本文未讨论午睡问题；F项"确保每晚有足够深睡眠"虽相关但文中无对应空位。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $