Unit 3 Conservation 生态与环境保护（单元阅读精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以生态环保为主题，整合多题型语篇，通过长难句拆分、词汇积累及真题链接，构建系统性语言能力与跨文化意识训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单元阅读精练|1篇|主旨归纳、细节定位|以环保案例为载体，从词汇（如conservation）到篇章理解，培养语言能力| |高考真题链接|1篇4题|题干关键词定位、选项比对|结合真题解析，强化应试思维品质| |长难句分析|2句|主句/从句拆分、逻辑关系梳理|从语法结构到语义理解，提升复杂文本处理能力| |综合实战演练|10篇|语境词义推断、篇章结构分析|围绕环保主题，覆盖阅读、完形等题型，构建“词汇-句法-语篇”逻辑链，渗透人类命运共同体意识|

Unit 3 Conservation 生态与环境保护 单元阅读精练 In India, when an elephant tramples crops or a leopard attacks livestock, or worse, a person, the fallout can be disastrous for families. It can also create the human-nature tension and ruin the harmony with each other that is crucial for protecting wildlife. This is why conservation biologist Krithi Karanth has spent years developing novel strategies to help people live alongside some of the world’s most dangerous animals. For that, she’s been named the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year, an award for contributions to research and conservation among National Geographic Explorers. As CEO of the Bengaluru-based Centre for Wildlife Studies, Karanth faces a paradox (矛盾) that India, with 1.4 billion people, is also a stronghold for wildlife, home to approximately half of Asia’s elephants and roughly three-quarters of the planet’s wild tigers. Conserving those and other species, she says, requires not just saving habitat but also winning hearts and minds. Karanth has launched Wild Seve, a platform for users to request government compensation (补偿金) when wildlife damages crops, livestock, or property. With a simple toll-free call, victims ask the program’s trained field staff to document losses, then file claims and track cases as they’re processed by government officials. Wild Seve has helped some 17,000 families make up for economic losses, and reduced the likelihood of hunting as punishment. Reducing the bad outcomes is far from enough. She has also created a curriculum for schoolkids living near wildlife reserves, called Wild Shaale, designed to inspire curiosity about and respect for animals. Through games, storytelling, and art, the program explores why conflicts occur and how to respond safely. Wild Shaale is now taught in some 1,600 schools across India. “Krithi has sparked a movement of hope across India,” says National Geographic Society CEO Jill Tiefenthaler. “By combining science, education, and community partnership, she is redefining how people live in harmony with nature, and what conservation can achieve for communities and young people.” Next, Karanth wants to apply her ideas outside India, cultivating an international crop of environmental stewards — or even just empathetic neighbors. “Having a set of people who at least tolerate the presence of a large animal,” she says, “is a massive victory.” 【译文欣赏】 在印度，倘若大象踩踏庄稼、豹子袭击牲畜，更严重的是伤及民众，给当地家庭带来的后果会不堪设想。这还会激化人与自然之间的矛盾，破坏人与动物和谐共处的平衡，而这份和谐是保护野生动物的关键。正因如此，保护生物学家克里蒂・卡兰思多年来不断创新对策，帮助人类与地球上一些极具危险性的野生动物共存。凭借这份贡献，她荣获 2026 年劳力士《国家地理》年度探险家奖，该奖项旨在表彰《国家地理》探险家在科研与自然保护领域做出的突出贡献。 卡兰思是总部位于班加罗尔的野生动物研究中心首席执行官。她面临着一个现实矛盾：拥有 14 亿人口的印度，同时也是野生动物的重要庇护地，境内栖息着约半数亚洲象、全球近四分之三的野生老虎。她表示，保护这类物种不仅需要保护它们的栖息地，更要赢得民众的认同与支持。 卡兰思推出了名为 “Wild Seve” 的线上平台。一旦野生动物损毁庄稼、牲畜或财物，民众可通过该平台申请政府补偿金。受害者只需拨打免费热线，项目专业外勤人员就会上门核实损失，随后协助提交索赔申请，并跟进政府部门的处理进度。该平台已为约 17000 户家庭弥补经济损失，大幅降低了民众出于报复猎杀野生动物的概率。 但仅仅减少冲突带来的负面影响远远不够。她还为野生动物保护区周边学校的孩子打造了一套名为 “Wild Shaale” 的课程，意在激发孩子们对动物的好奇心，树立敬畏之心。课程通过趣味游戏、故事分享、美术创作，讲解人兽冲突的成因以及安全应对方式。如今印度约 1600 所学校都开设了这门课程。 《国家地理》协会首席执行官吉尔・蒂芬塔勒评价：“克里蒂在印度掀起了一场充满希望的行动浪潮。她融合科学、教育与社区合作，重新定义了人与自然和谐共生的方式，也让自然保护为社区、青少年带来全新价值。” 接下来，卡兰思计划将这套保护模式推广至印度境外，培养一批国际环保守护者，哪怕只是心怀共情、包容野生动物的普通人。她说：“能有一群人愿意接纳大型野生动物的存在，就已是巨大的成功。” 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. trample /ˈtræmpl/v. 踩踏，践踏 2. livestock /ˈlaɪvstɒk/n. 牲畜，家畜 3. disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/adj. 灾难性的，极糟糕的 4. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/n. 保护；保育 5. novel /ˈnɒvl/adj. 新颖的，创新的 6. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/n. 栖息地 7. compensation /ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn/n. 补偿金，赔偿 8. document /ˈdɒkjumənt/v. 记录，核实 9. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/n. 课程，课程体系 10. reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/n. 保护区 11. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n. 好奇心 12. cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/v. 培养，培育 13. steward /ˈstjuːəd/n. 守护者，管理人 14. empathetic /ˌempəˈθetɪk/adj. 共情的，有同理心的 15. tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/v. 容忍，接纳 【高考真题链接】 （2026·全国二卷·高考真题）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1．Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A．To fuel the city’s economy. B．To enhance passengers’ experience. C．To promote green transportation. D．To raise the quality of electric cars. 2．What is Espinoza’s concern? A．How to cut his travel expenses. B．Where to get a parking space. C．How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D．Where to find a charging point. 3．What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A．Their operating conditions. B．Their conventional standard. C．Their potential risks. D．Their working mechanism. 4．What did Luna say about the system? A．It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B．It improves workers’ efficiency. C．It prioritizes the safety of trains. D．It generates jobs for the locals. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 ( 长难句 1 原文：Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 1. 句子拆分 主句：Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project 定语从句：whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves 并列状语从句：while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles 2 . 翻译 巴塞罗那地铁系统有 16 座车站纳入全新的地铁充电项目。借助这套系统，地铁刹车产生的能量可供给列车与车站自身使用，剩余电能则通过电缆蜿蜒输送至地面，为私家车充电桩供电。 长难句 2 原文：They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. 1. 句子拆分 主句：They consist of an electric motor 定语从句 1（修饰 motor）：which collects energy used in the braking action 定语从句 2（修饰 energy）：that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes used in the braking action 过去分词作后置定语，修饰 energy 2 . 翻译 再生制动系统包含一台电动机，它能收集制动过程中产生的能量，而传统制动系统会让这部分能量以热量形式白白损耗。 ) ( 1. pull into （短语）（车辆）驶入，进站 2. pour out （短语）大量涌出 3. go about one’s daily business （短语）处理日常琐事 4. tackle climate change （短语）应对气候变化 5. shift n. 转变，转型 6. remainder n. 剩余部分，余量 7. regenerative adj. 再生的，回收的 8. consist of （短语）由…… 组成 9. conventional adj. 传统的，常规的 10. accelerate v. 加速，提速 11. innovative adj. 创新的，新颖的 12. recycled energy （短语）回收能源 13. redirect v. 重新分配，转送 14. boost efficiency 提升能效 15. privately owned adj. 私有的 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 研究表明现代农业集约化耕作方式持续破坏土壤韧性；土壤韧性关乎粮食安全、生物多样性与气候稳定，呼吁调整土地管理模式，兼顾长期土壤健康而非短期产量。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 一项卫星研究发现垃圾填埋场是全球甲烷主要排放源之一，甲烷温室效应远强于二氧化碳，加剧全球变暖；文章强调加强垃圾填埋场管控、治理甲烷排放的紧迫性。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 科研团队研发新型绿色农药配方，依靠独特结构实现缓释效果，相比传统农药附着性更强、耐光照雨水冲刷；药效持久、对非目标生物毒性更低，残留物可分解，更加环保。 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 介绍快时尚产业模式，剖析其带来多重环境危机：大量碳排放、水资源消耗与水污染、海洋微塑料污染；倡导理性消费，减少购买廉价快时尚服饰，选择高品质可持续服装。 Passage5 阅读理解七选五 说明文 介绍一系列简单易执行的日常环保行动，包括短途步行骑行、随手捡拾垃圾、选用电子票据、随身携带环保袋，呼吁从小习惯做起减轻环境负担。 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 介绍多种环保过节方式：使用天然材料自制装饰、赠送体验类礼物、打造低碳节日餐食、合理规划出行；倡导人们在享受节日的同时降低对环境的破坏。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 Kyle 早年改造土地破坏原生植物栖息地，心生愧疚后投身阿拉巴马州珍稀本土植物保护；借助社交媒体科普生态知识，呼吁民众种植本土植物，助力濒危授粉生物生存。 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 作者夫妇借助宠物看护开启加勒比旅行，旅行中发现海滩塑料污染；依托旅行博客开展环保宣传，坚持无塑料生活，联合环保人士组织海滩清理，证明微小行动能够引发深远改变。 Passage9 语法填空 议论文 阐述人为温室效应引发全球变暖，催生极端天气与自然灾害；呼吁各国出台政策削减温室气体排放，同时号召每位公民控制个人碳足迹，普及全球变暖相关知识。 Passage10 语法填空 说明文 介绍青藏高原 “世界屋脊” 的生态价值，气温上升与人类活动造成冰川消融、草场退化；我国实施建立保护区、推行禁牧、扶持牧民转型护林员等措施，高原生态逐步恢复。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·辽宁大连·期末）Modern agriculture’s seeking to grow more food every year, but this goal is silently destroying the very foundation of our food system: soil resilience (韧劲). This vital concept refers to the capacity of soil to resist, adapt to and recover from disturbances — whether from routine farming or extreme environmental events such as droughts and floods. Consequently, soil is made steadily weaker, less capable of coping with bad conditions. The research, published in the journal NPJ Sustainable Agriculture, identifies several severe threats. The foremost is widespread intensive practices like turning over soil, fertilizer application, and watering fields too much, as well as pressing from heavy machinery and deforestation. These methods maybe boost short-term production, but long-term productivity is declining. Other major risks include pollution from pesticides and microplastics. Scientists emphasize that soil supports around 95% of global food production and stores more carbon than all the world’s forests combined and the decline of it is therefore a profound environmental crisis, breaking the fragile natural balance. According to lead author Dr. Alison Carswell, the resilience of the soils is central not only to the foundation of food security but also to biodiversity and climate stability. She cautions that many current practices risk pushing farming systems toward permanent “tipping points” of collapse — points of no return — threatening global trade and stability. These complex challenges demand our attention. The path forward requires farmers to balance immediate productivity with long-term soil health. Alternatives ranging from conservation farming to integrated pest management can help restore resilience. However, most solutions involve difficult choices, or difficult negotiation, demanding a strategic shift in land management. With the UN estimating one-third of global soil already damaged, and food demand rising, the call for change is increasingly urgent. This pressing issue affects everyone. As Dr. Carswell concludes, “Breaking the cycle of soil damage is possible, but it demands a fundamental rethinking — prioritizing resilience for the coming decades, not just the next season.” 1．How does the author explain soil resilience? A．By giving examples. B．By defining it directly. C．By presenting the consequence. D．By citing research findings. 2．What is Dr. Carswell’s words mainly about? A．Assessing present farming methods. B．Prioritizing short-term productivity. C．Issuing a call for the urgent solution. D．Pointing out the significance of the soil’s self-healing. 3．What do we know regarding the solution to the issue? A．This issue has a good vision for future. B．Multiple sides, both the government and the individuals, must be involved. C．Soil conservation isn’t a short-sighted undertaking. D．The existing farming practices can’t be production-targeted. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Modern Agriculture Is Degrading Soil. B．Technology Is Revolutionizing Farming. C．Awareness Needs Urgent Change. D．Food Security Requires Rethinking Now. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍现代农业破坏土壤韧性及修复的相关内容。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Modern agriculture’s seeking to grow more food every year, but this goal is silently destroying the very foundation of our food system: soil resilience (韧劲). This vital concept refers to the capacity of soil to resist, adapt to and recover from disturbances — whether from routine farming or extreme environmental events such as droughts and floods. (现代农业每年都在追求增产，这一目标却正悄无声息地摧毁我们粮食体系的根基——土壤韧性。这一核心概念指的是土壤抵御、适应各类扰动并从中恢复的能力，这些扰动既来自日常耕作，也包括干旱、洪涝这类极端环境事件。)”可知，作者通过直接下定义的方式解释了土壤韧性的含义。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to lead author Dr. Alison Carswell, the resilience of the soils is central not only to the foundation of food security but also to biodiversity and climate stability.(该研究的第一作者Alison Carswell博士指出，土壤韧性不仅是粮食安全的核心根基，更关乎生物多样性与气候稳定。)”可知，Carswell博士的表述核心是点明土壤韧性（即突然自我修复能力）的重要意义。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Breaking the cycle of soil damage is possible, but it demands a fundamental rethinking — prioritizing resilience for the coming decades, not just the next season.(打破土壤退化的循环是可行的，但这需要根本性的反思——要在未来数十年优先考量土壤韧性，而非只着眼当下一季的收成。)”可知，土壤保护绝非短视的行为，需要立足长期视角推进。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Modern agriculture’s seeking to grow more food every year, but this goal is silently destroying the very foundation of our food system: soil resilience (韧劲). (现代农业每年都在追求增产，这一目标却正悄无声息地摧毁我们粮食体系的根基——土壤韧性。)”可知，文章围绕现代农业的集约化生产方式持续破坏土壤韧性这一核心内容展开，介绍了相关危害与应对方向，最贴合的标题是“Modern Agriculture Is Degrading Soil(现代农业正在使土壤退化‌)”。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·湖北十堰·期末）With the development of society, humans keep generating massive amounts of waste, making the earth we live on hard to survive, consequently, numerous waste disposal methods have been developed. Landfills are places where a large amount of waste and other refuse (垃圾)  is buried in the ground. However, they are responsible for releasing a large amount of planet-warming methane gas into the atmosphere, a new study suggests. The study, which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday, is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern. For this purpose, the scientists used satellite data from four major cities around the world — Delhi and Mumbai in India, Lahore in Pakistan and Buenos Aires in Argentina. Based on the collected data, the scientists have drawn the conclusion that landfills are the third-largest source of methane emissions (排放) worldwide, after oil and gas systems and agriculture. And further investigation shows that the methane released from the landfills is generated from the decomposition (分解) of natural waste in them, like food, wood or paper. Methane, though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO₂. Scientists estimate that at least 25 percent of today’s warming is driven by methane from human actions. That’s why landfills are partly to blame for the global warming. Joannes Maasakkers, a leader of the study, said, “We found that these landfills, which are relatively small compared to city sizes, are responsible for a large part of total emissions from a given area.” Another scientist, Euan Nisbet, who was not part of the study, said, “This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better, especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire, resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants (污染物)” He also added that the newer satellite technology and on-the-ground research make it easier for researchers to identify “who is polluting the world”. 1．-Why did the scientists carry out the study? A．To reduce the emission of the methane. B．To clarify which places people are concerned about. C．To test out the new satellite technology. D．To help the authorities control the global warming. 2．What do we know about methane gas according to the passage? A．Methane prevents more heat in the air from escaping than CO₂ does. B．Methane makes up most of the greenhouse gases. C．More methane is released from landfills than from agriculture. D．There exists methane in food, wood and paper. 3．What’s Euan Nisbet’s attitude towards the study? A．Unclear. B．Concerned. C．Favourable. D．Doubtful. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Landfills are to blame for the release of much methane. B．Satellite data help identify the source of the pollutants. C．Methane causes the temperature of the earth to go up. D．Waste and other refuse should be forbidden for their impact. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章介绍研究发现垃圾填埋场是全球甲烷主要排放源之一，阐释甲烷的升温危害，并强调管控垃圾填埋场的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study, which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday, is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern.(这项于周三发表在《科学进展》上的研究，旨在通过识别重点关注区域，帮助地方政府开展针对性的减缓全球变暖工作)”可知，科学家开展这项研究是为了助力相关部门管控全球变暖。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Methane, though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO₂.(甲烷虽然仅占温室气体排放量的约11%，但其在大气中锁住的热量是二氧化碳的80倍)”可知，甲烷比二氧化碳更能锁住空气中的热量，阻碍热量散失。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Another scientist, Euan Nisbet, who was not part of the study, said, “This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better, especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire, resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants (污染物)” He also added that the newer satellite technology and on-the-ground research make it easier for researchers to identify “who is polluting the world”.(另一位并未参与该研究的科学家尤安・尼斯贝特称：“这项新研究充分说明，更好地管控垃圾填埋场十分重要，尤其是在印度这类国家，当地的垃圾填埋场时常起火，产生大量具有危害性的污染物。” 他还补充道，新式卫星技术与实地调研能让研究人员更轻松地找出 “污染地球的源头”)”可知，该科学家认可这项研究的价值，对此持赞同态度。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“However, they are responsible for releasing a large amount of planet-warming methane gas into the atmosphere, a new study suggests.(然而一项新研究表明，垃圾填埋场会向大气中释放大量导致全球变暖的甲烷气体)”、第三段中的“Based on the collected data, the scientists have drawn the conclusion that landfills are the third-largest source of methane emissions worldwide, after oil and gas systems and agriculture.(基于收集到的数据，科学家得出结论：垃圾填埋场是全球第三大甲烷排放来源，仅次于油气系统和农业)” 以及第四段“That’s why landfills are partly to blame for the global warming.(这就是垃圾填埋场需为全球变暖承担部分责任的原因)”可知，全文围绕垃圾填埋场释放大量甲烷、加剧变暖这一核心展开，即垃圾填埋场是大量甲烷排放的元凶。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东东莞·阶段检测）A team of researchers has developed an innovative green pesticide formulation (杀虫剂农药配方) that promises to strengthen control of harmful insects while prioritizing safety for both crops and the environment. “This new pesticide represents a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional pesticides,” said Prof. Wu Zhengyan, who led the research team. The findings of this study were published in ACS Nano. Traditional pesticides often have some problems. For example, they are not evenly spread on plant leaves. They also tend to be washed away by rain and break down quickly in sunlight. What’s more, the leftover chemicals from these pesticides can be bad for the environment. So, in this study, a team developed a new type of pesticide. This new pesticide sticks better to leaves, does not break down easily in sunlight, and releases its active part slowly. In this way, it can work effectively for a longer time. The success of this new formulation lies in its unique structure. The carbon dots combined with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) increase the pesticide’s capacity to hold more abamectin (阿维菌素) — approximately 1.7 to 2.1 times more than traditional formulation. This allows for greater effectiveness while using less active ingredient. When the pesticide contacts the weakly acidic environment on plant leaves, the calcium carbonate breaks down, facilitating a quicker release of the pesticide and enabling easier tracking through the lights released by the carbon dots. This “controlled release” mechanism ensures that the pesticide remains active, even in challenging conditions such as UV light or rain. In tests conducted on the diamondback moth (小菜蛾), a common agricultural threat, the new formulation demonstrated excellent pest control both indoors and outdoors. Importantly, it also minimizes environmental impact. Compared to traditional pesticides, this new formulation showed reduced poisonousness to non-target animals. Furthermore, once the pesticide has released its active ingredient, the remaining materials break down into harmless substances like calcium ions (Ca2+), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon dots, significantly lowering the risk of pollution. 1．What is the main purpose of developing the new pesticide? ​ A．To reduce harmful insect control. B．To publish new findings in ACS Nano. ​ C．To make pesticide ingredients decompose faster. ​ D．To create a greener option solving pesticides’ problems. ​ 2．What is the key factor contributing to the success of the new formulation? A．Its distinctive structure. B．Its lower production cost. C．Its unique tracking method. D．Its faster breakdown rate. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the new pesticide formulation? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Critical. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了一种创新的绿色杀虫剂配方，该配方在有效防治害虫的同时，兼顾了农作物和环境的安全性，解决了传统农药易流失、难降解及污染环境的诸多问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A team of researchers has developed an innovative green pesticide formulation that promises to strengthen control of harmful insects while prioritizing safety for both crops and the environment. (一个研究团队开发了一种创新的绿色杀虫剂配方，有望在优先保障农作物和环境安全的同时，加强对有害昆虫的控制。)”以及第二段“Traditional pesticides often have some problems. For example, they are not evenly spread on plant leaves. They also tend to be washed away by rain and break down quickly in sunlight. What’s more, the leftover chemicals from these pesticides can be bad for the environment. So, in this study, a team developed a new type of pesticide.(传统农药往往存在诸多问题。例如，它们无法在植物叶片上均匀附着；还容易被雨水冲刷，且在阳光下会迅速分解。此外，这些农药残留的化学物质会对环境造成危害。因此，在这项研究中，一个团队研发出了一种新型农药。)”可知，开发这种新型绿色杀虫剂的主要目的是为了解决传统农药存在的问题，并创造一种更环保的选择。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The success of this new formulation lies in its unique structure.(这种新配方的成功在于其独特的结构。)”可知，该新型杀虫剂配方取得成功的关键因素正是其独特的结构。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中教授的评价“This new pesticide represents a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional pesticides (这种新型杀虫剂代表了比传统杀虫剂更环保的替代品)”，以及第四段“In tests conducted on the diamondback moth, the new formulation demonstrated excellent pest control both indoors and outdoors.(在对小菜蛾进行的测试中，新配方在室内和室外都表现出出色的害虫控制效果。)”和最后一段“Furthermore, once the pesticide has released its active ingredient, the remaining materials break down into harmless substances like calcium ions (Ca2+), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon dots, significantly lowering the risk of pollution. (此外，一旦农药释放出其活性成分，剩余材料便会分解为钙离子（Ca²⁺）、二氧化碳（CO₂）和碳点等无害物质，从而大幅降低污染风险。)”可知，这种新型杀虫剂代表了比传统杀虫剂更环保的替代品，它在室内和室外都表现出出色的害虫控制效果，而且能够大幅降低污染风险，可推理出作者对这种新型杀虫剂配方持支持和赞赏的态度。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·安徽六安·期末）Fast fashion is the production of cheap, low-quality clothes that are made and sold very quickly to follow the latest trends. Famous brands like Zara, H&M, and UNIQLO are typical examples. These companies attract customers with low prices, encouraging people to buy more than they need. For many, it seems much cheaper to buy low-priced, short-lived clothes than to spend money on high-quality clothes that may soon go out of style. However, this cycle of buying and throwing away of clothes creates serious environmental problems. The fast fashion industry is responsible for about 8% of global carbon emissions — more than all international flights and sea shipping combined. These emissions come not only from making the clothes but also from shipping them worldwide and throwing them away. Water is another major concern. The fashion industry is the second-largest consumer of water globally. For example, producing just one cotton shirt requires about 2,660 liters of water, while a pair of jeans needs nearly 7,600 liters. Furthermore, textile dyeing (纺织品染色) is a leading cause of water pollution, as harmful chemicals are often poured into rivers. Additionally, fast fashion contributes to plastic pollution. Many brands use synthetic fibers (合成纤维) like polyester, which take hundreds of years to break down. Shockingly, about 35% of the microplastics found in the ocean come from washing these plastic-based clothes. So, what can we do? While it is inviting to buy fashionable and affordable collections, we must rethink our choices. Fashion expert Patsy Perry advises, "Less is more." We can support sustainable companies and reduce the number of clothes we buy. Good quality clothes may cost more at first, but they last longer and are worth the money over time. By making smarter choices, we can help protect our planet. 1．Why do many people prefer fast fashion clothes? A．They seem to cost less. B．They can last a long time. C．They look always fashionable. D．They are better for the environment. 2．What can we learn about synthetic fibers from the text? A．They are safer than cotton. B．They break down very quickly. C．Washing them pollutes the ocean. D．They help reduce carbon emissions. 3．What do Patsy Perry’s words “Less is more” imply? A．Buying less means spending less. B．Buying less brings more benefits. C．Cheap clothes are more valuable. D．High-quality clothes go out of style. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Fast Fashion: Trends and Styles B．Fast Fashion: Price and Quality C．Fast Fashion: Benefits and Risks D．Fast Fashion: Problems and Solutions 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了快时尚带来的严峻环境问题并给出“少买、选择高品质可持续服饰”的应对建议，呼吁人们做出更环保的消费选择来保护地球。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For many, it seems much cheaper to buy low-priced, short-lived clothes than to spend money on high-quality clothes that may soon go out of style.(对很多人来说，购买低价、不耐穿的衣服，似乎比花钱买可能很快就过时的高品质衣服要划算得多。)”可知，大众偏好快时尚的核心原因是它看起来花费更低。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Shockingly, about 35% of the microplastics found in the ocean come from washing these plastic-based clothes.(令人震惊的是，海洋中发现的微塑料里约有35%都来自清洗这类以塑料为原料的衣物的过程。)”可知，合成纤维材质的衣物清洗过程中会释放微塑料，最终污染海洋。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We can support sustainable companies and reduce the number of clothes we buy. Good quality clothes may cost more at first, but they last longer and are worth the money over time.(我们可以支持可持续发展的企业，减少购买衣物的数量。高品质的衣服起初可能价格更高，但它们更耐穿，从长期来看这笔花费是值得的。)”可知，“少即是多”指减少不必要的服饰购买，选择耐穿的高品质衣物，长期来看能收获更持久的价值、减少环境负担，也就是少买能带来更多综合收益。 4．主旨大意题。本文围绕快时尚展开，先介绍快时尚的定义、典型品牌及大众青睐它的原因，随后从碳排放、水资源消耗与污染、海洋微塑料污染三个维度，详细阐述快时尚带来的严峻环境问题，最后给出“少买、选择高品质可持续服饰”的应对建议，呼吁人们做出更环保的消费选择来保护地球。由此可知，D项：“快时尚：问题与解决方案”是最好的标题。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·广东东莞·期末）Being more environmentally responsible doesn’t have to be hard. In fact, there are a bunch of simple ways to do a little better for the planet — and we’re making it even easier for you by listing some of them right here. These small actions don’t require a lifestyle transformation. 1 You can easily fit them into your day, whether that’s Earth Day or any other day of the year. Walk or bike short distances. If it’s a quick trip, skip the car. 2 In fact, a single walking or cycling trip can save 0.4 to 0.5 kg of carbon dioxide, compared to driving. Better yet, it’s usually faster than dealing with parking. Collect trash when you see it. 3 While one piece might not feel like much, if more people collected trash regularly, it would make a visible difference in public spaces and waterways. 4 This Earth-saving technique saves paper obviously, but it also reduces the energy and water used in paper production. According to a Green America report, receipts in the United States consume more than 3 million trees and roughly 9 billion gallons of water every year. It’s an easy choice that adds up across millions of people. Bring a reusable bag, and actually remember to use it. Plastic bags are used for minutes and then thrown away. However, they can stick around in the environment for hundreds of years. And with billions used annually, this is one of those “small habit, huge scale” situations. 5 A．Choose digital tickets and receipts. B．This takes only a few minutes to do. C．They really make a big difference, though. D．Avoid printing unnecessary paper documents in life. E．Changing how you travel can help cut fuel use and air pollution. F．Keeping a reusable one on you can remove a surprising amount of waste. G．Small daily habits can influence the condition of our natural environment. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．F 【导语】文章介绍了几个简单易行的环保小习惯，这些行动虽小但能产生显著的环境效益。 1．上文“These small actions don’t require a lifestyle transformation. (这些小行动并不需要彻底改变生活方式。)”提到这些小行动无需改变生活方式，下文“You can easily fit them into your day, whether that’s Earth Day or any other day of the year. (无论是在地球日还是其他任何一天，你都可以轻松地将它们融入日常。)”指出它们可以轻松融入日常，因此C项“They really make a big difference, though. (不过，它们确实能产生很大影响。)”符合语境，说明小行动影响大，起到转折强调作用，引出下文的易于实践，其中的They指代上文的These small actions。 2．上文“If it’s a quick trip, skip the car. (如果只是短途出行，就别开车。)”建议短距离出行避免开车，下文“In fact, a single walking or cycling trip can save 0.4 to 0.5 kg of carbon dioxide, compared to driving. (事实上，与开车相比，一次步行或骑行出行可减少排放0.4至0.5公斤二氧化碳。)”具体说明碳排放节省情况，因此E项“Changing how you travel can help cut fuel use and air pollution. (改变出行方式有助于减少燃料使用和空气污染。)”符合语境，概括了改变出行方式的环境效益，承上启下。 3．本段主旨句是“Collect trash when you see it. (看到垃圾就捡起来。)”，下文“While one piece might not feel like much, if more people collected trash regularly, it would make a visible difference in public spaces and waterways. (虽然单个垃圾看似微不足道，但如果更多人能定期捡垃圾，公共空间和水道的环境就会明显改善。)”指出集体行动效果显著，因此B项“This takes only a few minutes to do. (这只需几分钟即可完成。)”符合语境，说明捡垃圾耗时短，呼应主旨句，衔接下文的效果，其中的This指代主旨句内容。 4．下文“This Earth-saving technique saves paper obviously, but it also reduces the energy and water used in paper production. According to a Green America report, receipts in the United States consume more than 3 million trees and roughly 9 billion gallons of water every year. (这种保护地球的做法显然能节约纸张，还减少了造纸过程中消耗的能源和水资源。根据美国绿色联盟“绿色美国”的一份报告，美国每年用于打印收据的树木超过300万棵，耗水量约为90亿加仑。)”提到该做法节省纸张、减少能源和水消耗，并举例收据消耗大量树木和水，因此A项“Choose digital tickets and receipts. (选择电子票和收据。)”符合语境，可作为段落主旨句统领段落内容，且和其他段落主旨句一样是祈使句的形式，下文的This Earth-saving technique指的是选项内容。 5．上文“However, they can stick around in the environment for hundreds of years. And with billions used annually, this is one of those “small habit, huge scale” situations. (然而，它们可以在环境中存在数百年。而且每年使用量高达数十亿，这正是那种“小习惯，大规模”的情况。)”强调塑料袋的长期污染和大量使用，因此F项“Keeping a reusable one on you can remove a surprising amount of waste. (随身携带一个可重复使用的袋子能减少数量惊人的垃圾。)”符合语境，提出具体解决方案，承接上文。 Passage 6 （25-26高二下·河北保定·期末）Celebrating Holidays in an Eco-Friendly Way The holiday season is a time for joy, family gatherings and celebration. However, it’s also a time when our environmental impact can significantly increase due to excessive consumption, waste and energy use. 1 Choose sustainable decorations. Instead of buying new plastic decorations every year, consider making your own from natural materials like pinecones, branches, and dried flowers. 2 You can also repurpose items you already have at home, such as glass jars that can be turned into beautiful candle holders. Give meaningful gifts. Rather than focusing on expensive material items, consider giving experiences, homemade gifts, or donations to charity in someone’s name. 3 These types of gifts often create lasting memories and show that you’ve put thought and care into your choice. Plan eco-friendly meals. 4 Choose locally sourced, organic ingredients when possible, and try to minimize food waste by planning portions carefully. Consider serving more plant-based options, which generally have a lower environmental impact than meat-heavy meals. Reduce travel impact. If you’re traveling for the holidays, consider carpooling, using public transportation, or choosing destinations closer to home. 5 If a trip is not really needed, video calls are a great alternative to stay connected with distant family members and save environmental costs. By making these small changes, you can enjoy meaningful celebrations while protecting the planet for future generations. A．Traditional celebrations often involve significant environmental costs. B．Holiday meals are central to most celebrations, so make them sustainable. C．These natural decorations are biodegradable and can be composted after use. D．Many families struggle to balance tradition with environmental responsibility. E．Experience gifts like concert tickets or cooking classes are particularly valuable. F．When long-distance travel is necessary, consider balancing your carbon footprint. G．Fortunately, there are many ways to celebrate holidays while being environmentally conscious. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍几种低碳环保过节的实用方法，倡导节日庆祝兼顾环境保护。 1．由上文“The holiday season is a time for joy, family gatherings and celebration. However, it’s also a time when our environmental impact can significantly increase due to excessive consumption, waste and energy use.(假期是充满欢乐、家庭团聚和庆祝的时刻。然而，这也是一个由于过度消费、浪费和能源消耗而导致我们对环境影响显著增加的时期。)”以及下文四段分别介绍各类环保过节方法可知，前文提出节日带来环境负担，后文开始介绍解决办法，空格需要过渡句引出环保过节方式。G选项“幸运的是，有许多兼顾环保的过节方式。”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。 2．由上文“Instead of buying new plastic decorations every year, consider making your own from natural materials like pinecones, branches, and dried flowers.(与其每年购买全新塑料装饰品，不如用松果、树枝、干花等天然材料自制饰品。)”可知，前文提到天然材料制作装饰，空格应继续说明这类天然饰品的环保优势。C选项“这类天然装饰品可生物降解，用完后能做成堆肥。”承接上文天然装饰的话题，符合语境。 3．由上文“Rather than focusing on expensive material items, consider giving experiences, homemade gifts, or donations to charity in someone’s name.(不必执着于昂贵实物礼物，可以赠送体验类礼品、手工礼物或以对方名义捐款做公益。)”以及下文“These types of gifts often create lasting memories and show that you’ve put thought and care into your choice.(这类礼物往往能创造持久的回忆，并且表明你在选择时投入了心思和关怀。)”可知，上文引出体验类礼物的方向，下文总结这类礼物的价值，本空需要对体验类礼物做具体举例说明。E选项“音乐会门票、烹饪课这类体验礼物格外有价值。”衔接上下文，符合语境。 4．由上文“Plan eco-friendly meals.(准备环保餐食)”以及后文“Choose locally sourced, organic ingredients when possible, and try to minimize food waste by planning portions carefully. (尽可能选用本地出产的有机食材，同时精心规划食材用量，最大限度减少食物浪费。)”可知，本段围绕节日餐食展开，空格承上启下。B选项“节日大餐是多数庆祝活动的核心，因此我们要让餐食变得环保。”强调餐食环保，贴合主题。 5．由上文“If you’re traveling for the holidays, consider carpooling, using public transportation, or choosing destinations closer to home.(如果节日需要出行，可以拼车、乘坐公共交通或选择离家更近的目的地。)”以及下文“If a trip is not really needed, video calls are a great alternative to stay connected with distant family members and save environmental costs.(如果并非必要出行，视频通话是维系远方亲人联系的绝佳方式，还能降低环境代价。)”可知，前后文分别提及短途低影响出行、非必要不出行的方案，本空需要补充“必须长途出行”时的环保应对思路。F选项“若必须长途出行，可以想办法平衡碳足迹。”承接出行环保的话题，符合语境。 Passage 7 （25-26高二下·重庆·阶段检测）Kyle Lybarger has found unexpected internet fame by introducing his followers to the overlooked world of southeastern flora (植物群). Along the way, he has become a(n) 1 of rare and endangered plant populations across Alabama. It all started with what Lybarger now 2 as a terrible mistake. About a decade ago, he found an open, rocky area 3 to plant food for hunting wildlife. He applied herbicide (除草剂), added soil, planted seeds and cut down some trees to 4 more light. The seeds didn’t survive. But around the edges, which he hadn’t 5 , beautiful plants sprang up and he believed he should know what they were. After posting their photos online, a local botanist 6 . Through him, Lybarger realized that he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of 7 species, all to plant only two or fewer species that didn’t belong to the ecosystem. Feeling 8 , Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and 9 native plant habitats. In a state where most land is 10 owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who 11 in the conservation of rare plants. Lybarger offers to care for those populations at no cost, 12 his income from social media. Lybarger thinks his biggest 13 comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that 14 declining pollinators (授粉者) which are essential for the local environment. “Even one person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a 15 ,” he says. 1．A．pioneer B．protector C．collector D．observer 2．A．ranks B．selects C．regards D．appoints 3．A．available B．harmful C．impossible D．suitable 4．A．let in B．bring about C．reflect off D．block out 5．A．adjusted B．marked C．watered D．treated 6．A．fell in love B．got in touch C．came to power D．ran into trouble 7．A．common B．hybrid C．countless D．migratory 8．A．regretful B．relieved C．grateful D．exhausted 9．A．restore B．copy C．record D．occupy 10．A．jointly B．publicly C．privately D．legally 11．A．remain B．compete C．specialize D．matter 12．A．thanks to B．instead of C．according to D．regardless of 13．A．challenge B．progress C．concern D．contribution 14．A．prevent B．support C．excite D．discourage 15．A．choice B．fortune C．difference D．decision 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】文章介绍了博主Kyle Lybarger因早年破坏原生植物栖息地心生愧疚，转而投身阿拉巴马州珍稀濒危植物保护，依靠社交媒体科普本土植物、呼吁民众参与生态保护的故事。 1．考查名词。句意：一路走来，他成了阿拉巴马各地珍稀濒危植物种群的保护者。A. pioneer先驱；B. protector保护者；C. collector收藏家；D. observer观察者。根据后文“Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and native plant habitats”可知，他下定决心保护本土植物，对应身份是植物保护者。 2．考查动词。句意：一切始于Lybarger如今视作一次严重失误的一件事。A. ranks排名；B. selects挑选；C. regards认为；D. appoints任命。根据后文“as a terrible mistake”可知，他的环保初衷源于视作一次严重失误的一件事，固定搭配regard sth. as sth.意为“把某物视作……”。 3．考查形容词。句意：大约十年前，他找到一片开阔多岩石的区域，适合种植供狩猎野生动物食用的作物。A. available可获得的；B. harmful有害的；C. impossible不可能的；D. suitable合适的。根据前文“ he found an open, rocky area”及后文“to plant food for hunting wildlife”可知，此处指这片土地适合种作物，固定搭配suitable to do sth.表示“适合做某事”。 4．考查动词短语。句意：他喷洒除草剂、填土、播种，还砍倒一些树木以引入更多光照。A. let in使进入；B. bring about导致；C. reflect off反射；D. block out遮挡。根据后文“more light”可知，砍树是为了让阳光透进地里。 5．考查动词。句意：但在他没有处理过的地块边缘，长出了漂亮的野花，他决心弄清楚这些植物是什么。A. adjusted调整；B. marked标记；C. watered浇水；D. treated处理。根据前文“He applied herbicide, added soil, planted seeds and cut down some trees”及“But around the edges”可知，他只在中间区域喷洒除草剂、改造土地，边缘地带没有对土地进行任何处理。 6．考查动词短语。句意：他把植物照片发到网上后，当地一位植物学家联系了他。A. fell in love坠入爱河；B. got in touch取得联系；C. came to power掌权；D. ran into trouble陷入麻烦。根据后文“Through him, Lybarger realized”可知，博主发布植物照片，植物学家看到后主动联系他科普植物知识。 7．考查形容词。句意：通过这位植物学家， Lybarger意识到，他毁掉了一片存有无数本土物种野生种子库的土地，只为种植两种甚至更少不属于当地生态系统的外来作物。A. common普通的；B. hybrid杂交的；C. countless无数的；D. migratory迁徙的。对比后文“only two or fewer species”可知，此处强调本土植物数量繁多、不计其数。 8．考查形容词。句意：Lybarger满心懊悔，决定保护当地生物多样性，修复本土植物栖息地。A. regretful懊悔的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. grateful感激的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据前文“he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of species”可知，他亲手毁掉原生植物栖息地，内心充满愧疚。 9．考查动词。句意同上。A. restore修复；B. copy复制；C. record记录；D. occupy占据。根据前文“he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of species”可知，他破坏了原生土地，因此目标是修复受损的植物生存环境。 10．考查副词。句意：在这片大部分土地归私人所有的州，这意味着他需要挨家挨户拜访那些在珍稀植物保护方面举足轻重的土地所有者。A. jointly共同地；B. publicly公开地；C. privately私人地；D. legally合法地。根据后文“knocking on doors to speak with landowners”说明土地属于私人所有的。 11．考查动词。句意同上。A. remain保持；B. compete竞争；C. specialize专攻；D. matter要紧、起重要作用。根据前文“knocking on doors to speak with landowners”及后文“in the conservation of rare plants”可知，大部分土地是私有的，所以这些土地所有者在植物保护这件事上是十分关键的。 12．考查介词短语。句意：Lybarger免费照料这些植物种群，收入来源于社交媒体。A. thanks to多亏；B. instead of代替；C. according to根据；D. regardless of不管。根据前文“offers to care for those populations at no cost”及后文“ his income from social media”可知，他能够无偿养护植物，依靠社交媒体赚取收入支撑这项工作。 13．考查名词。句意：Lybarger认为他最大的贡献是在社交媒体上开展科普，引导人们种植本土植物，支撑数量不断减少的授粉昆虫，而授粉昆虫对当地环境至关重要。A. challenge挑战；B. progress进步；C. concern担忧；D. contribution贡献。根据后文“influencing people to grow the native plants”说明线上科普是他做出的重要贡献。 14．考查动词。句意同上。A. prevent阻止；B. support供养、支撑；C. excite使兴奋；D. discourage阻碍。根据前文“grow the native plants”及后文“declining pollinators”可知，本土植物能为授粉昆虫提供食物与生存环境，支撑它们生存繁衍。 15．考查名词。句意：他说：“哪怕只是一个人、一处小院、十分之一英亩土地，都能带来改变、发挥作用。”A. choice选择；B. fortune财富；C. difference不同、影响；D. decision决定。根据前文“Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and native plant habitats”可知，Lybarger凭借一己之力为保护当地生物多样性，修复本土植物栖息地，固定搭配make a difference意为“产生影响、有所作为”。 Passage 8 （25-26高二下·山东烟台·期末）We had long dreamed of going to the Caribbean, but couldn’t afford it. 1 , a friend mentioned “pet sitting”. This could provide us the chance to 2 the destination while looking after pets whose owners are away from home. We quickly created an account, sent a request and 3 a three-month sit in the Virgin Islands. Having thoroughly toured the whole area, we secured another sit in Grenada. Later, inspired by a popular influencer couple, we 4 our own travel blog, writing about the Virgin Islands, centering around beautiful beaches. But 5 would come into view in every beautiful shot of the beach. It was hard to 6 the plastic pollution issue, especially on such pure and remote beaches. The severity of the global plastic crisis 7 us. From that point, we used our 8 to raise public awareness of saying no to plastic products. We also 9 ourselves to live a plastic-free life. We adjusted our diets, seldom ordering take-aways and avoiding plastic packaging. We carried reusable bags and tableware when travelling. On our daily dog 10 , we picked up rubbish and 11 those photos online. We connected with like-minded people and worked with eco-conscious brands. Eventually, the 12 led us to organize a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada. Over these years, our platform has 13 people from all walks of life and seen brands shifting towards more 14 products. Looking back, we realize that even a small step — like picking up rubbish while walking a pet — can grow into a 15 change. 1．A．Awkwardly B．Gratefully C．Accidentally D．Desperately 2．A．cover B．explore C．inspect D．consider 3．A．reached B．landed C．noticed D．refused 4．A．started B．checked C．cancelled D．visited 5．A．tourists B．sand C．litter D．pets 6．A．emphasize B．discover C．address D．ignore 7．A．confused B．bored C．alarmed D．embarrassed 8．A．fame B．curiosity C．occupation D．platform 9．A．persuaded B．disciplined C．comforted D．assigned 10．A．training B．walks C．shows D．adoption 11．A．posted B．shot C．collected D．viewed 12．A．affection B．competition C．cooperation D．expectation 13．A．motivated B．delighted C．relaxed D．challenged 14．A．familiar B．appealing C．convenient D．sustainable 15．A．far-reaching B．people-centered C．short-term D．double-edged 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者夫妇通过宠物看护实现加勒比海之旅，并由此投身环保、引发社会关注的故事。 1．考查副词。句意：偶然间，一位朋友提到了“宠物看护”。A. Awkwardly尴尬地；B. Gratefully感激地；C. Accidentally偶然地，意外地；D. Desperately绝望地。根据语境，作者原本不知道这种方式，是朋友偶然提起的，故用accidentally修饰整个句子，表示事情的突发性和偶然性。 2．考查动词。句意：这能让我们在照看宠物主人离家期间的宠物的同时，有机会探索目的地。A. cover覆盖；B. explore探索；C. inspect检查；D. consider考虑。根据后文“the destination”及旅行语境可知，旅行的核心是探索游玩。 3．考查动词。句意：我们迅速创建了账户，发送了申请，并成功获得了维尔京群岛为期三个月的看护工作。A. reached到达；B. landed成功获得，赢得；C. noticed注意到；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“a three-month sit”及顺利成行可知，作者他们是成功获得了这个看护宠物的机会。 4．考查动词。句意：后来，受一对网红夫妇的启发，我们创建了自己的旅行博客，撰写关于维尔京群岛的文章，重点围绕美丽的海滩。A. started创办，开始；B. checked检查；C. cancelled取消；D. visited参观。根据“our own travel blog, writing about the Virgin Islands, centering around beautiful beaches”可知，此处指作者他们创建了旅行博客。 5．考查名词。句意：但在每一张美丽的海滩照片中，垃圾总会进入视野。A. tourists游客；B. sand沙子；C. litter垃圾；D. pets宠物。根据后文“plastic pollution issue”可知，照片中出现的是垃圾。 6．考查动词。句意：很难忽视塑料污染问题，尤其是在如此纯净偏远的海滩上。A. emphasize强调；B. discover发现；C. address处理；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“especially on such pure and remote beaches”可知，海滩上有垃圾，所以很难忽视这个问题。 7．考查动词。句意：全球塑料危机的严重性使我们警觉起来。A. confused使困惑；B. bored使厌烦；C. alarmed使警觉，使担忧；D. embarrassed使尴尬。根据前文“severity”以及后文采取的行动可知，塑料危机让人警觉。 8．考查名词。句意：从那时起，我们利用自己的平台提高公众拒用塑料制品的意识。A. fame名声；B. curiosity好奇心；C. occupation职业；D. platform平台。根据前文提到的“travel blog”可知，博客是一个发声的平台。 9．考查动词。句意：我们也严格要求自己过无塑料的生活。A. persuaded说服；B. disciplined严格要求，自律；C. comforted安慰；D. assigned分配。根据后文“We adjusted our diets, seldom ordering take-aways and avoiding plastic packaging. We carried reusable bags and tableware when travelling.”可知，作者调整饮食、自带餐具等行为，这是对自己生活的严格要求。 10．考查名词。句意：在我们日常的遛狗过程中，我们会捡拾垃圾并在网上发布那些照片。A. training训练；B. walks散步（dog walks遛狗）；C. shows表演；D. adoption收养。根据后文“picked up rubbish”及宠物看护的背景可知，这是在遛狗时做的事。 11．考查动词。句意同上。A. posted发布，张贴；B. shot射击，拍摄；C. collected收集；D. viewed观看。根据后文“online”可知，是将照片发布到网上。 12．考查名词。句意：最终，这种合作引领我们在格林纳达组织了一次全国性的海滩清理活动。A. affection喜爱；B. competition竞争；C. cooperation合作；D. expectation期望。根据前文“connected with like-minded people and worked with eco-conscious brands”可知，与志同道合的人联系，并与环保品牌合作，是这种合作促成了活动。 13．考查动词。句意：这些年来，我们的平台激励了各行各业的人们，并见证了各大品牌转向更可持续的产品。A. motivated激励，激发；B. delighted使高兴；C. relaxed使放松；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“people from all walks of life”及积极影响可知，平台激励了人们。 14．考查形容词。句意同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. convenient方便的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据全文环保主题（反对塑料污染），品牌转向的是可持续的产品。 15．考查形容词。句意：回首往事，我们意识到，即使是一小步——比如在遛宠物时捡起垃圾——也能发展成影响深远的变革。A. far-reaching影响深远的；B. people-centered以人为本的；C. short-term短期的；D. double-edged双刃的。根据前文“Eventually, the  ________  led us to organize a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.”可知，从个人行为发展到全国运动，可知这种变化是影响深远的。 Passage 9 （25-26高二下·湖北十堰·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With economic development and industrial progress, humans are continuously having a tremendous impact on the Earth. What is the most serious is that Earth is getting warmer and warmer and the situation has influenced its ecology. As for the reason for the rise, climate scientists often mention the “greenhouse effect”, 1 (mean) “nature” and “man-made” greenhouse effects. The former makes Earth sustain life, but the latter has become a big problem. There is strong and comprehensive evidence 2 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, causing serious damage, and costing human lives. Climate scientists 3 (warn) strongly in the past 20 years that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will 4 (probable) continue and there will be a higher price to pay. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 5 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate, 6 requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 7 (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also restrict 8 amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our 9 (responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with 10 (it) causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 【答案】 1．meaning 2．that 3．have warned 4．probably 5．in 6．which 7．to reduce 8．the 9．responsibility 10．its 【导语】这篇文章主要阐述人为温室效应造成全球变暖，引发极端灾害。科学家警示后果，呼吁各国减排，每个人也有责任宣传全球变暖的成因与危害。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：关于气温上升的原因，气候科学家常提到“温室效应”，即自然因素和人为因素共同导致的温室效应。逗号前是完整句子，此处为后置定语补充说明“温室效应”的含义。逻辑主语 the“greenhouse effect”与 mean 为主动关系，因此用现在分词 meaning。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：有充分且广泛的证据表明，气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害频发，造成严重破坏，并夺走大量生命。分析句子可知，空格后从句完整解释了 evidence（证据）的具体内容，从句不缺成分、语义完整，用that引导同位语从句，that不可省略。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：过去20年里，气候科学家曾强烈警告，如果我们不采取适当措施，这种升温趋势很可能会持续下去，代价也将更加沉重。时间状语 in the past 20 years（在过去 20 年间）是现在完成时的典型标志；主语 scientists为复数，因此用have warned。 4．考查副词。句意：过去20年里，气候科学家曾强烈警告，如果我们不采取适当措施，这种升温趋势很可能会持续下去，代价也将更加沉重。空格修饰动词continue，需用副词形式。probable的副词为probably，意为“很可能地”。 5．考查固定短语。句意：持续排放温室气体将导致进一步升温，并引发全球气候的长期变化，这需要全世界人民的关注。result in是固定短语，意为“导致、造成”，符合“温室气体排放导致进一步变暖”的语义。 6．考查定语从句。句意：持续排放温室气体将导致进一步升温，并引发全球气候的长期变化，这需要全世界人民的关注。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容（温室气体持续排放会引发气候变暖与长期变化），关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：各国政府应考虑制定相关政策，并采取切实有效的措施以减少温室气体排放。根据句意可知，政府制定政策、采取措施的目的是减少温室气体排放，用不定式to do 表目的，因此填to reduce。 8．考查冠词。句意：我们每个人也可以减少自身生活方式所产生的二氧化碳排放量。the amount of是固定搭配，意为“……的数量”，此处特指我们生活方式产生的二氧化碳排放量，用定冠词the。 9．考查名词。句意：我们有责任抓住每一个机会，向所有人普及全球变暖及其成因和影响的知识，因为这是影响我们所有人最严重的问题。形容词性物主代词 our后需接名词，responsible的名词形式为responsibility，意为“责任”。It is one’s responsibility to do sth 为常用句型。 10．考查代词。句意：我们有责任抓住每一个机会，向所有人普及全球变暖及其成因和影响的知识，因为这是影响我们所有人最严重的问题。空格后是名词 causes and impacts，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，it对应的物主代词是 its，指代global warming的。 Passage 10 （25-26高二下·安徽·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located in western China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) is often referred to 1 the “Roof of the World”. It is home to a rich variety of wildlife and protects the surrounding regions from extreme weather, 2 (serve) as a natural barrier. The plateau’s ecosystem is highly sensitive to climate change, making its preservation 3 urgent task for the whole nation. Over the past few decades, rising temperatures and human activities 4 (cause) the melting of glaciers and the loss of grasslands. In response, the government has taken a series of measures 5 (restore) the natural balance. National nature 6 (reserve) have been established, and grazing bans (禁牧令) have been enforced in severely affected areas. Local farmers, 7 once depended on raising animals for a living, have been encouraged to take part in conservation work. Many of them now work as 8 (ecology) rangers, protecting the land on which they have lived for generations. Today, the plateau is showing encouraging signs of recovery. Wildlife populations are 9 (steady) increasing, and the grasslands are turning green again. Standing on this ancient land 10 watching the snow-capped mountains shine under the sun, one cannot help feeling a deep respect for the power of nature. 【答案】 1．as 2．serving 3．an 4．have caused 5．to restore 6．reserves 7．who 8．ecological 9．steadily 10．and 【导语】本文介绍青藏高原的生态地位、面临的危机以及国家采取的保护措施与生态恢复现状。 1．考查固定搭配。句意：位于中国西部的青藏高原常被称为“世界屋脊”。固定搭配 be referred to as表示“被称作；被认为是”。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是多种野生动物的家园，并保护周边地区免受极端天气影响，充当着天然屏障。本句已有谓语is和protects，空处为非谓语动词；serve as“充当”与其逻辑主语It为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。 3．考查冠词。句意：高原生态系统对气候变化高度敏感，这使得保护它成为全国一项紧迫的任务。task为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一项紧迫的任务”，urgent以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 4．考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，气温上升和人类活动造成了冰川融化和草原退化。根据时间状语Over the past few decades可知，句子用现在完成时；主语为并列复数名词，谓语用have done形式。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为回应，政府采取了一系列措施来恢复自然平衡。固定搭配take measures to do sth. 表示“采取措施做某事”，空处用不定式作目的状语。 6．考查名词复数。句意：国家自然保护区已经建立，重度受影响地区也实施了禁牧令。根据谓语have been established可知主语为复数，固定短语nature reserves表示“自然保护区”，表示泛指。 7．考查定语从句。句意：曾经依靠畜牧谋生的当地牧民，如今被鼓励参与生态保护工作。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Local farmers（指人），从句缺少主语，用关系代词who引导。 8．考查形容词。句意：他们中的许多人如今担任生态护林员，守护着世代居住的土地。空处修饰名词rangers，需用形容词作定语，ecology的形容词形式为ecological，表示“生态的”。 9．考查副词。句意：野生动物数量正在稳步增长，草原也重新恢复翠绿。空处修饰动词increasing，需用副词作状语，steady的副词形式为steadily，表示“稳定地、稳步地”。 10．考查连词。句意：站在这片古老的土地上，看着雪山在阳光下熠熠生辉，人们不禁对大自然的力量心生敬畏。空处连接两个并列的现在分词短语Standing... 和watching...，表示并列关系，用并列连词and。 ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Conservation 生态与环境保护 单元阅读精练 In India, when an elephant tramples crops or a leopard attacks livestock, or worse, a person, the fallout can be disastrous for families. It can also create the human-nature tension and ruin the harmony with each other that is crucial for protecting wildlife. This is why conservation biologist Krithi Karanth has spent years developing novel strategies to help people live alongside some of the world’s most dangerous animals. For that, she’s been named the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year, an award for contributions to research and conservation among National Geographic Explorers. As CEO of the Bengaluru-based Centre for Wildlife Studies, Karanth faces a paradox (矛盾) that India, with 1.4 billion people, is also a stronghold for wildlife, home to approximately half of Asia’s elephants and roughly three-quarters of the planet’s wild tigers. Conserving those and other species, she says, requires not just saving habitat but also winning hearts and minds. Karanth has launched Wild Seve, a platform for users to request government compensation (补偿金) when wildlife damages crops, livestock, or property. With a simple toll-free call, victims ask the program’s trained field staff to document losses, then file claims and track cases as they’re processed by government officials. Wild Seve has helped some 17,000 families make up for economic losses, and reduced the likelihood of hunting as punishment. Reducing the bad outcomes is far from enough. She has also created a curriculum for schoolkids living near wildlife reserves, called Wild Shaale, designed to inspire curiosity about and respect for animals. Through games, storytelling, and art, the program explores why conflicts occur and how to respond safely. Wild Shaale is now taught in some 1,600 schools across India. “Krithi has sparked a movement of hope across India,” says National Geographic Society CEO Jill Tiefenthaler. “By combining science, education, and community partnership, she is redefining how people live in harmony with nature, and what conservation can achieve for communities and young people.” Next, Karanth wants to apply her ideas outside India, cultivating an international crop of environmental stewards — or even just empathetic neighbors. “Having a set of people who at least tolerate the presence of a large animal,” she says, “is a massive victory.” 【译文欣赏】 在印度，倘若大象踩踏庄稼、豹子袭击牲畜，更严重的是伤及民众，给当地家庭带来的后果会不堪设想。这还会激化人与自然之间的矛盾，破坏人与动物和谐共处的平衡，而这份和谐是保护野生动物的关键。正因如此，保护生物学家克里蒂・卡兰思多年来不断创新对策，帮助人类与地球上一些极具危险性的野生动物共存。凭借这份贡献，她荣获 2026 年劳力士《国家地理》年度探险家奖，该奖项旨在表彰《国家地理》探险家在科研与自然保护领域做出的突出贡献。 卡兰思是总部位于班加罗尔的野生动物研究中心首席执行官。她面临着一个现实矛盾：拥有 14 亿人口的印度，同时也是野生动物的重要庇护地，境内栖息着约半数亚洲象、全球近四分之三的野生老虎。她表示，保护这类物种不仅需要保护它们的栖息地，更要赢得民众的认同与支持。 卡兰思推出了名为 “Wild Seve” 的线上平台。一旦野生动物损毁庄稼、牲畜或财物，民众可通过该平台申请政府补偿金。受害者只需拨打免费热线，项目专业外勤人员就会上门核实损失，随后协助提交索赔申请，并跟进政府部门的处理进度。该平台已为约 17000 户家庭弥补经济损失，大幅降低了民众出于报复猎杀野生动物的概率。 但仅仅减少冲突带来的负面影响远远不够。她还为野生动物保护区周边学校的孩子打造了一套名为 “Wild Shaale” 的课程，意在激发孩子们对动物的好奇心，树立敬畏之心。课程通过趣味游戏、故事分享、美术创作，讲解人兽冲突的成因以及安全应对方式。如今印度约 1600 所学校都开设了这门课程。 《国家地理》协会首席执行官吉尔・蒂芬塔勒评价：“克里蒂在印度掀起了一场充满希望的行动浪潮。她融合科学、教育与社区合作，重新定义了人与自然和谐共生的方式，也让自然保护为社区、青少年带来全新价值。” 接下来，卡兰思计划将这套保护模式推广至印度境外，培养一批国际环保守护者，哪怕只是心怀共情、包容野生动物的普通人。她说：“能有一群人愿意接纳大型野生动物的存在，就已是巨大的成功。” 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. trample /ˈtræmpl/v. 踩踏，践踏 2. livestock /ˈlaɪvstɒk/n. 牲畜，家畜 3. disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/adj. 灾难性的，极糟糕的 4. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/n. 保护；保育 5. novel /ˈnɒvl/adj. 新颖的，创新的 6. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/n. 栖息地 7. compensation /ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn/n. 补偿金，赔偿 8. document /ˈdɒkjumənt/v. 记录，核实 9. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/n. 课程，课程体系 10. reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/n. 保护区 11. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n. 好奇心 12. cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/v. 培养，培育 13. steward /ˈstjuːəd/n. 守护者，管理人 14. empathetic /ˌempəˈθetɪk/adj. 共情的，有同理心的 15. tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/v. 容忍，接纳 【高考真题链接】 （2026·全国二卷·高考真题）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1．Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A．To fuel the city’s economy. B．To enhance passengers’ experience. C．To promote green transportation. D．To raise the quality of electric cars. 2．What is Espinoza’s concern? A．How to cut his travel expenses. B．Where to get a parking space. C．How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D．Where to find a charging point. 3．What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A．Their operating conditions. B．Their conventional standard. C．Their potential risks. D．Their working mechanism. 4．What did Luna say about the system? A．It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B．It improves workers’ efficiency. C．It prioritizes the safety of trains. D．It generates jobs for the locals. ( 长难句 1 原文：Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 1. 句子拆分 主句：Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project 定语从句：whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves 并列状语从句：while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles 2 . 翻译 巴塞罗那地铁系统有 16 座车站纳入全新的地铁充电项目。借助这套系统，地铁刹车产生的能量可供给列车与车站自身使用，剩余电能则通过电缆蜿蜒输送至地面，为私家车充电桩供电。 长难句 2 原文：They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. 1. 句子拆分 主句：They consist of an electric motor 定语从句 1（修饰 motor）：which collects energy used in the braking action 定语从句 2（修饰 energy）：that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes used in the braking action 过去分词作后置定语，修饰 energy 2 . 翻译 再生制动系统包含一台电动机，它能收集制动过程中产生的能量，而传统制动系统会让这部分能量以热量形式白白损耗。 ) ( 1. pull into （短语）（车辆）驶入，进站 2. pour out （短语）大量涌出 3. go about one’s daily business （短语）处理日常琐事 4. tackle climate change （短语）应对气候变化 5. shift n. 转变，转型 6. remainder n. 剩余部分，余量 7. regenerative adj. 再生的，回收的 8. consist of （短语）由…… 组成 9. conventional adj. 传统的，常规的 10. accelerate v. 加速，提速 11. innovative adj. 创新的，新颖的 12. recycled energy （短语）回收能源 13. redirect v. 重新分配，转送 14. boost efficiency 提升能效 15. privately owned adj. 私有的 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 研究表明现代农业集约化耕作方式持续破坏土壤韧性；土壤韧性关乎粮食安全、生物多样性与气候稳定，呼吁调整土地管理模式，兼顾长期土壤健康而非短期产量。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 一项卫星研究发现垃圾填埋场是全球甲烷主要排放源之一，甲烷温室效应远强于二氧化碳，加剧全球变暖；文章强调加强垃圾填埋场管控、治理甲烷排放的紧迫性。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 科研团队研发新型绿色农药配方，依靠独特结构实现缓释效果，相比传统农药附着性更强、耐光照雨水冲刷；药效持久、对非目标生物毒性更低，残留物可分解，更加环保。 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 介绍快时尚产业模式，剖析其带来多重环境危机：大量碳排放、水资源消耗与水污染、海洋微塑料污染；倡导理性消费，减少购买廉价快时尚服饰，选择高品质可持续服装。 Passage5 阅读理解七选五 说明文 介绍一系列简单易执行的日常环保行动，包括短途步行骑行、随手捡拾垃圾、选用电子票据、随身携带环保袋，呼吁从小习惯做起减轻环境负担。 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 介绍多种环保过节方式：使用天然材料自制装饰、赠送体验类礼物、打造低碳节日餐食、合理规划出行；倡导人们在享受节日的同时降低对环境的破坏。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 Kyle 早年改造土地破坏原生植物栖息地，心生愧疚后投身阿拉巴马州珍稀本土植物保护；借助社交媒体科普生态知识，呼吁民众种植本土植物，助力濒危授粉生物生存。 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 作者夫妇借助宠物看护开启加勒比旅行，旅行中发现海滩塑料污染；依托旅行博客开展环保宣传，坚持无塑料生活，联合环保人士组织海滩清理，证明微小行动能够引发深远改变。 Passage9 语法填空 议论文 阐述人为温室效应引发全球变暖，催生极端天气与自然灾害；呼吁各国出台政策削减温室气体排放，同时号召每位公民控制个人碳足迹，普及全球变暖相关知识。 Passage10 语法填空 说明文 介绍青藏高原 “世界屋脊” 的生态价值，气温上升与人类活动造成冰川消融、草场退化；我国实施建立保护区、推行禁牧、扶持牧民转型护林员等措施，高原生态逐步恢复。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·辽宁大连·期末）Modern agriculture’s seeking to grow more food every year, but this goal is silently destroying the very foundation of our food system: soil resilience (韧劲). This vital concept refers to the capacity of soil to resist, adapt to and recover from disturbances — whether from routine farming or extreme environmental events such as droughts and floods. Consequently, soil is made steadily weaker, less capable of coping with bad conditions. The research, published in the journal NPJ Sustainable Agriculture, identifies several severe threats. The foremost is widespread intensive practices like turning over soil, fertilizer application, and watering fields too much, as well as pressing from heavy machinery and deforestation. These methods maybe boost short-term production, but long-term productivity is declining. Other major risks include pollution from pesticides and microplastics. Scientists emphasize that soil supports around 95% of global food production and stores more carbon than all the world’s forests combined and the decline of it is therefore a profound environmental crisis, breaking the fragile natural balance. According to lead author Dr. Alison Carswell, the resilience of the soils is central not only to the foundation of food security but also to biodiversity and climate stability. She cautions that many current practices risk pushing farming systems toward permanent “tipping points” of collapse — points of no return — threatening global trade and stability. These complex challenges demand our attention. The path forward requires farmers to balance immediate productivity with long-term soil health. Alternatives ranging from conservation farming to integrated pest management can help restore resilience. However, most solutions involve difficult choices, or difficult negotiation, demanding a strategic shift in land management. With the UN estimating one-third of global soil already damaged, and food demand rising, the call for change is increasingly urgent. This pressing issue affects everyone. As Dr. Carswell concludes, “Breaking the cycle of soil damage is possible, but it demands a fundamental rethinking — prioritizing resilience for the coming decades, not just the next season.” 1．How does the author explain soil resilience? A．By giving examples. B．By defining it directly. C．By presenting the consequence. D．By citing research findings. 2．What is Dr. Carswell’s words mainly about? A．Assessing present farming methods. B．Prioritizing short-term productivity. C．Issuing a call for the urgent solution. D．Pointing out the significance of the soil’s self-healing. 3．What do we know regarding the solution to the issue? A．This issue has a good vision for future. B．Multiple sides, both the government and the individuals, must be involved. C．Soil conservation isn’t a short-sighted undertaking. D．The existing farming practices can’t be production-targeted. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Modern Agriculture Is Degrading Soil. B．Technology Is Revolutionizing Farming. C．Awareness Needs Urgent Change. D．Food Security Requires Rethinking Now. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·湖北十堰·期末）With the development of society, humans keep generating massive amounts of waste, making the earth we live on hard to survive, consequently, numerous waste disposal methods have been developed. Landfills are places where a large amount of waste and other refuse (垃圾)  is buried in the ground. However, they are responsible for releasing a large amount of planet-warming methane gas into the atmosphere, a new study suggests. The study, which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday, is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern. For this purpose, the scientists used satellite data from four major cities around the world — Delhi and Mumbai in India, Lahore in Pakistan and Buenos Aires in Argentina. Based on the collected data, the scientists have drawn the conclusion that landfills are the third-largest source of methane emissions (排放) worldwide, after oil and gas systems and agriculture. And further investigation shows that the methane released from the landfills is generated from the decomposition (分解) of natural waste in them, like food, wood or paper. Methane, though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO₂. Scientists estimate that at least 25 percent of today’s warming is driven by methane from human actions. That’s why landfills are partly to blame for the global warming. Joannes Maasakkers, a leader of the study, said, “We found that these landfills, which are relatively small compared to city sizes, are responsible for a large part of total emissions from a given area.” Another scientist, Euan Nisbet, who was not part of the study, said, “This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better, especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire, resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants (污染物)” He also added that the newer satellite technology and on-the-ground research make it easier for researchers to identify “who is polluting the world”. 1．-Why did the scientists carry out the study? A．To reduce the emission of the methane. B．To clarify which places people are concerned about. C．To test out the new satellite technology. D．To help the authorities control the global warming. 2．What do we know about methane gas according to the passage? A．Methane prevents more heat in the air from escaping than CO₂ does. B．Methane makes up most of the greenhouse gases. C．More methane is released from landfills than from agriculture. D．There exists methane in food, wood and paper. 3．What’s Euan Nisbet’s attitude towards the study? A．Unclear. B．Concerned. C．Favourable. D．Doubtful. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Landfills are to blame for the release of much methane. B．Satellite data help identify the source of the pollutants. C．Methane causes the temperature of the earth to go up. D．Waste and other refuse should be forbidden for their impact. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·广东东莞·阶段检测）A team of researchers has developed an innovative green pesticide formulation (杀虫剂农药配方) that promises to strengthen control of harmful insects while prioritizing safety for both crops and the environment. “This new pesticide represents a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional pesticides,” said Prof. Wu Zhengyan, who led the research team. The findings of this study were published in ACS Nano. Traditional pesticides often have some problems. For example, they are not evenly spread on plant leaves. They also tend to be washed away by rain and break down quickly in sunlight. What’s more, the leftover chemicals from these pesticides can be bad for the environment. So, in this study, a team developed a new type of pesticide. This new pesticide sticks better to leaves, does not break down easily in sunlight, and releases its active part slowly. In this way, it can work effectively for a longer time. The success of this new formulation lies in its unique structure. The carbon dots combined with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) increase the pesticide’s capacity to hold more abamectin (阿维菌素) — approximately 1.7 to 2.1 times more than traditional formulation. This allows for greater effectiveness while using less active ingredient. When the pesticide contacts the weakly acidic environment on plant leaves, the calcium carbonate breaks down, facilitating a quicker release of the pesticide and enabling easier tracking through the lights released by the carbon dots. This “controlled release” mechanism ensures that the pesticide remains active, even in challenging conditions such as UV light or rain. In tests conducted on the diamondback moth (小菜蛾), a common agricultural threat, the new formulation demonstrated excellent pest control both indoors and outdoors. Importantly, it also minimizes environmental impact. Compared to traditional pesticides, this new formulation showed reduced poisonousness to non-target animals. Furthermore, once the pesticide has released its active ingredient, the remaining materials break down into harmless substances like calcium ions (Ca2+), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon dots, significantly lowering the risk of pollution. 1．What is the main purpose of developing the new pesticide? ​ A．To reduce harmful insect control. B．To publish new findings in ACS Nano. ​ C．To make pesticide ingredients decompose faster. ​ D．To create a greener option solving pesticides’ problems. ​ 2．What is the key factor contributing to the success of the new formulation? A．Its distinctive structure. B．Its lower production cost. C．Its unique tracking method. D．Its faster breakdown rate. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the new pesticide formulation? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Critical. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·安徽六安·期末）Fast fashion is the production of cheap, low-quality clothes that are made and sold very quickly to follow the latest trends. Famous brands like Zara, H&M, and UNIQLO are typical examples. These companies attract customers with low prices, encouraging people to buy more than they need. For many, it seems much cheaper to buy low-priced, short-lived clothes than to spend money on high-quality clothes that may soon go out of style. However, this cycle of buying and throwing away of clothes creates serious environmental problems. The fast fashion industry is responsible for about 8% of global carbon emissions — more than all international flights and sea shipping combined. These emissions come not only from making the clothes but also from shipping them worldwide and throwing them away. Water is another major concern. The fashion industry is the second-largest consumer of water globally. For example, producing just one cotton shirt requires about 2,660 liters of water, while a pair of jeans needs nearly 7,600 liters. Furthermore, textile dyeing (纺织品染色) is a leading cause of water pollution, as harmful chemicals are often poured into rivers. Additionally, fast fashion contributes to plastic pollution. Many brands use synthetic fibers (合成纤维) like polyester, which take hundreds of years to break down. Shockingly, about 35% of the microplastics found in the ocean come from washing these plastic-based clothes. So, what can we do? While it is inviting to buy fashionable and affordable collections, we must rethink our choices. Fashion expert Patsy Perry advises, "Less is more." We can support sustainable companies and reduce the number of clothes we buy. Good quality clothes may cost more at first, but they last longer and are worth the money over time. By making smarter choices, we can help protect our planet. 1．Why do many people prefer fast fashion clothes? A．They seem to cost less. B．They can last a long time. C．They look always fashionable. D．They are better for the environment. 2．What can we learn about synthetic fibers from the text? A．They are safer than cotton. B．They break down very quickly. C．Washing them pollutes the ocean. D．They help reduce carbon emissions. 3．What do Patsy Perry’s words “Less is more” imply? A．Buying less means spending less. B．Buying less brings more benefits. C．Cheap clothes are more valuable. D．High-quality clothes go out of style. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Fast Fashion: Trends and Styles B．Fast Fashion: Price and Quality C．Fast Fashion: Benefits and Risks D．Fast Fashion: Problems and Solutions Passage 5 （25-26高二下·广东东莞·期末）Being more environmentally responsible doesn’t have to be hard. In fact, there are a bunch of simple ways to do a little better for the planet — and we’re making it even easier for you by listing some of them right here. These small actions don’t require a lifestyle transformation. 1 You can easily fit them into your day, whether that’s Earth Day or any other day of the year. Walk or bike short distances. If it’s a quick trip, skip the car. 2 In fact, a single walking or cycling trip can save 0.4 to 0.5 kg of carbon dioxide, compared to driving. Better yet, it’s usually faster than dealing with parking. Collect trash when you see it. 3 While one piece might not feel like much, if more people collected trash regularly, it would make a visible difference in public spaces and waterways. 4 This Earth-saving technique saves paper obviously, but it also reduces the energy and water used in paper production. According to a Green America report, receipts in the United States consume more than 3 million trees and roughly 9 billion gallons of water every year. It’s an easy choice that adds up across millions of people. Bring a reusable bag, and actually remember to use it. Plastic bags are used for minutes and then thrown away. However, they can stick around in the environment for hundreds of years. And with billions used annually, this is one of those “small habit, huge scale” situations. 5 A．Choose digital tickets and receipts. B．This takes only a few minutes to do. C．They really make a big difference, though. D．Avoid printing unnecessary paper documents in life. E．Changing how you travel can help cut fuel use and air pollution. F．Keeping a reusable one on you can remove a surprising amount of waste. G．Small daily habits can influence the condition of our natural environment. Passage 6 （25-26高二下·河北保定·期末）Celebrating Holidays in an Eco-Friendly Way The holiday season is a time for joy, family gatherings and celebration. However, it’s also a time when our environmental impact can significantly increase due to excessive consumption, waste and energy use. 1 Choose sustainable decorations. Instead of buying new plastic decorations every year, consider making your own from natural materials like pinecones, branches, and dried flowers. 2 You can also repurpose items you already have at home, such as glass jars that can be turned into beautiful candle holders. Give meaningful gifts. Rather than focusing on expensive material items, consider giving experiences, homemade gifts, or donations to charity in someone’s name. 3 These types of gifts often create lasting memories and show that you’ve put thought and care into your choice. Plan eco-friendly meals. 4 Choose locally sourced, organic ingredients when possible, and try to minimize food waste by planning portions carefully. Consider serving more plant-based options, which generally have a lower environmental impact than meat-heavy meals. Reduce travel impact. If you’re traveling for the holidays, consider carpooling, using public transportation, or choosing destinations closer to home. 5 If a trip is not really needed, video calls are a great alternative to stay connected with distant family members and save environmental costs. By making these small changes, you can enjoy meaningful celebrations while protecting the planet for future generations. A．Traditional celebrations often involve significant environmental costs. B．Holiday meals are central to most celebrations, so make them sustainable. C．These natural decorations are biodegradable and can be composted after use. D．Many families struggle to balance tradition with environmental responsibility. E．Experience gifts like concert tickets or cooking classes are particularly valuable. F．When long-distance travel is necessary, consider balancing your carbon footprint. G．Fortunately, there are many ways to celebrate holidays while being environmentally conscious. Passage 7 （25-26高二下·重庆·阶段检测）Kyle Lybarger has found unexpected internet fame by introducing his followers to the overlooked world of southeastern flora (植物群). Along the way, he has become a(n) 1 of rare and endangered plant populations across Alabama. It all started with what Lybarger now 2 as a terrible mistake. About a decade ago, he found an open, rocky area 3 to plant food for hunting wildlife. He applied herbicide (除草剂), added soil, planted seeds and cut down some trees to 4 more light. The seeds didn’t survive. But around the edges, which he hadn’t 5 , beautiful plants sprang up and he believed he should know what they were. After posting their photos online, a local botanist 6 . Through him, Lybarger realized that he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of 7 species, all to plant only two or fewer species that didn’t belong to the ecosystem. Feeling 8 , Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and 9 native plant habitats. In a state where most land is 10 owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who 11 in the conservation of rare plants. Lybarger offers to care for those populations at no cost, 12 his income from social media. Lybarger thinks his biggest 13 comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that 14 declining pollinators (授粉者) which are essential for the local environment. “Even one person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a 15 ,” he says. 1．A．pioneer B．protector C．collector D．observer 2．A．ranks B．selects C．regards D．appoints 3．A．available B．harmful C．impossible D．suitable 4．A．let in B．bring about C．reflect off D．block out 5．A．adjusted B．marked C．watered D．treated 6．A．fell in love B．got in touch C．came to power D．ran into trouble 7．A．common B．hybrid C．countless D．migratory 8．A．regretful B．relieved C．grateful D．exhausted 9．A．restore B．copy C．record D．occupy 10．A．jointly B．publicly C．privately D．legally 11．A．remain B．compete C．specialize D．matter 12．A．thanks to B．instead of C．according to D．regardless of 13．A．challenge B．progress C．concern D．contribution 14．A．prevent B．support C．excite D．discourage 15．A．choice B．fortune C．difference D．decision Passage 8 （25-26高二下·山东烟台·期末）We had long dreamed of going to the Caribbean, but couldn’t afford it. 1 , a friend mentioned “pet sitting”. This could provide us the chance to 2 the destination while looking after pets whose owners are away from home. We quickly created an account, sent a request and 3 a three-month sit in the Virgin Islands. Having thoroughly toured the whole area, we secured another sit in Grenada. Later, inspired by a popular influencer couple, we 4 our own travel blog, writing about the Virgin Islands, centering around beautiful beaches. But 5 would come into view in every beautiful shot of the beach. It was hard to 6 the plastic pollution issue, especially on such pure and remote beaches. The severity of the global plastic crisis 7 us. From that point, we used our 8 to raise public awareness of saying no to plastic products. We also 9 ourselves to live a plastic-free life. We adjusted our diets, seldom ordering take-aways and avoiding plastic packaging. We carried reusable bags and tableware when travelling. On our daily dog 10 , we picked up rubbish and 11 those photos online. We connected with like-minded people and worked with eco-conscious brands. Eventually, the 12 led us to organize a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada. Over these years, our platform has 13 people from all walks of life and seen brands shifting towards more 14 products. Looking back, we realize that even a small step — like picking up rubbish while walking a pet — can grow into a 15 change. 1．A．Awkwardly B．Gratefully C．Accidentally D．Desperately 2．A．cover B．explore C．inspect D．consider 3．A．reached B．landed C．noticed D．refused 4．A．started B．checked C．cancelled D．visited 5．A．tourists B．sand C．litter D．pets 6．A．emphasize B．discover C．address D．ignore 7．A．confused B．bored C．alarmed D．embarrassed 8．A．fame B．curiosity C．occupation D．platform 9．A．persuaded B．disciplined C．comforted D．assigned 10．A．training B．walks C．shows D．adoption 11．A．posted B．shot C．collected D．viewed 12．A．affection B．competition C．cooperation D．expectation 13．A．motivated B．delighted C．relaxed D．challenged 14．A．familiar B．appealing C．convenient D．sustainable 15．A．far-reaching B．people-centered C．short-term D．double-edged Passage 9 （25-26高二下·湖北十堰·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With economic development and industrial progress, humans are continuously having a tremendous impact on the Earth. What is the most serious is that Earth is getting warmer and warmer and the situation has influenced its ecology. As for the reason for the rise, climate scientists often mention the “greenhouse effect”, 1 (mean) “nature” and “man-made” greenhouse effects. The former makes Earth sustain life, but the latter has become a big problem. There is strong and comprehensive evidence 2 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, causing serious damage, and costing human lives. Climate scientists 3 (warn) strongly in the past 20 years that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will 4 (probable) continue and there will be a higher price to pay. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 5 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate, 6 requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 7 (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also restrict 8 amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our 9 (responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with 10 (it) causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. Passage 10 （25-26高二下·安徽·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located in western China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) is often referred to 1 the “Roof of the World”. It is home to a rich variety of wildlife and protects the surrounding regions from extreme weather, 2 (serve) as a natural barrier. The plateau’s ecosystem is highly sensitive to climate change, making its preservation 3 urgent task for the whole nation. Over the past few decades, rising temperatures and human activities 4 (cause) the melting of glaciers and the loss of grasslands. In response, the government has taken a series of measures 5 (restore) the natural balance. National nature 6 (reserve) have been established, and grazing bans (禁牧令) have been enforced in severely affected areas. Local farmers, 7 once depended on raising animals for a living, have been encouraged to take part in conservation work. Many of them now work as 8 (ecology) rangers, protecting the land on which they have lived for generations. Today, the plateau is showing encouraging signs of recovery. Wildlife populations are 9 (steady) increasing, and the grasslands are turning green again. Standing on this ancient land 10 watching the snow-capped mountains shine under the sun, one cannot help feeling a deep respect for the power of nature. ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $