Unit 3 Conservation 定语从句（核心语法精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦定语从句专项，以“概念-区别-应用”逻辑构建知识体系，通过真题与变式训练提升语言运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A考点概览|知识回顾（概述+6大区别）|对比分析法（标点/作用/关系词等）|从定义到差异特征推导| |B考点夯基|30题（高考真题+单句填空+完成句子）|关系词选用规则（that/which/as辨析）|从基础到句式转换应用| |C综合攻坚|2篇语法填空+2篇阅读|语篇语境分析法|从单句到语篇综合运用|

Unit 3 Conservation 核心语法精练（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、被动语态高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 2．非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1．标点的运用有所不同 限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个女孩是谁？ He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。 2．从句的作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball. 第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。 Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise. 艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。 3．关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语。此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.) 4．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 5．关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which) She is not the one(that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 6．英译汉时有所不同 译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。 三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等 句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 一、高考真题 1.（2026年全国一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 3.（2026年浙江1月）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 二、单句语法填空 1．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. 2．We’ll all experience a point we choose kindness over anger, and that choice brings us closer together. 3．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 4．The main street is lined with small stands and shops sell almost anything you can imagine. 5．My deskmate, English writing skills have won several national awards, often shares with me her experience of combining Chinese cultural elements into English compositions. 6．The hostess invited three guests to join us in the studio, none of I had ever met before. 7．This is a special occasion many families will gather together to celebrate. 8．More of us are using headphones in noisier environments, we may turn up the volume to potentially dangerous levels. 9． is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 10．He couldn’t forget the reason the survivor mentioned for surviving the earthquake — staying calm. 11．His work shows the principles of biomimicry (仿生学), natural patterns and systems, such as the shapes of plants and animals, inspire human-made designs. 12．There are some patients the doctor is taking special care of in the special ward of the hospital. 13．Some people, live a green and cost-effective lifestyle, prefer homemade meals over pricey light foods. 14．Interestingly, Tang Xianzu and William Shakespeare, works talk about similar ideas like love and fate, lived at the same time and both died in 1616, but they never met. 15．Dr. Smith, research focuses on environmental protection, will give a lecture in our school next week. 16．My friend, is a famous architect, designed the new library in our city center. 17．Tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 18．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far. 19．Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a job I can work from home most days. 20．We finally reached the small town at midnight, the whole area was covered in quiet darkness. 21．For young people, they can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, is beneficial to their mental health. 22．This term, original meaning was “taking a break”, has evolved to indicate the end of the hot summer. 23．The film brought the hours back to me I was living with my grandparents in the beautiful small village. 24．In the evening we went to a party and I met Diana's friends, many of are connected with the movie industry. 25．The lock is produced through a complex technique countless small wooden pieces are crafted to interlock without the use of nails. 26．The famous scientist, we all admire, gave us a wonderful speech yesterday. 27．The ancient city, history dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of tourists every year. 28．She has written three novels, the last of has been translated into five languages. 29．I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, was surrounded by blooming flowers. 30．You’ve got something is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 二、完成句子 31．The school is very famous. He studied in it ten years ago. (用定语从句改写) The school ________ ________ he studied ten years ago is very famous. 32．I don’t like the way. He speaks in this way. (用定语从句改写) I don’t like the way ________ ________ he speaks. 33．She has many friends. She can turn to them for help. (用定语从句改写) She has many friends ________ ________ she can turn for help. 34．He lives in the room. The window of it faces south. (用定语从句改写) He lives in the room, ________ ________ faces south. 35．Using AI painting tools, I made a digital animation based on Dunhuang murals. (用定语从句改写) ____________________________________________________________________________ 36．The Yinping Mountain has fascinating scenery. My family paid a visit there last weekend. (用定语从句合并) _____________________________________________________________________________ 37．There lives an old man near the school, the son of whom is working abroad. (用定语从句改写句子) →There lives an old man near the school,_____________is working abroad. →There lives an old man near the school,_______________is working abroad. 38．She will never forget the day. She joined the school choir on that day. (合并定语从句) _________________________________________________________ 39．We visited the museum. The famous painter’s works are displayed there. （合并定语从句） _________________________________________________________ 40．The smartphone was invented by Martin Cooper. It has changed people’s life greatly. （合并为含非限制性定语从句的复合句） ______________________________________________________ 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二下·河北石家庄·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve in northwest China’s Qinghai Province has updated its list of protected wildlife, adding 10 species 1 the previous total of 72, according to a report by the Xinhua News Agency. The updated list, which was revised by experts, 2 (include) 82 species of protected wildlife. 3 number of national first-level protected animals has increased from 19 to 22. Meanwhile, the number of second-level 4 (national) protected animals has increased from 53 to 60. Additionally, the number of wild plants under national protection has reached 12 species. According to the report, the 5 (revise) of the wildlife list focused on optimizing (优化) 6 adjusting the bird list. Species with uncertain records 7 (remove) from the original list and new species that have been monitored in recent years were added, 8 (increase) the total number of bird species from 232 to 281. First 9 (found) in 1975, the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering the entire water area of the Qinghai Lake and the islands, beaches and wetlands, 10 birds breed and nest. The reserve is the earliest of its kind in China to be listed in the List of Wetlands of International Importance in 1992, according to UNESCO. （25-26高二下·河北唐山·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In 2013, many people 1 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea — ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel 2 (great) distances to find food. This showed the rising temperature affected Earth’s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, 3 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 4 big problem. There is strong and comprehensive evidence 5 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. In fact, news reports are 6 (frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic 7 (loss). Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 8 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 10 (seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming. 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二下·广东·阶段检测）A new island to support wildlife is being created in the UK. The National Trust, a conservation organization, recently sank three large boats into the Blackwater Estuary (河口) in Essex, England, to form the base of the island. Birds can rest there, and the structure will protect the area’s salt marsh (盐沼) habitats, where many plant and animal species live. An estuary is where a river widens and flows into the sea. The Blackwater Estuary is home to some of the UK’s most threatened seabirds. Experts hope the artificial island will be a safe place for these birds. To make the artificial island, the team cut holes in the bottom of the boats and poured mud into them to weigh them down. It took about 282,000 cubic feet of mud to fill and surround the boats — enough to fill more than three Olympic swimming pools. More mud will be piled on top, and then a layer of gravel (砾石) will be added. Once the work is complete, the island will be slightly larger than a football field. It will be a place for the birds to rest, even when the tide is at its highest and nearby shores are largely underwater. Along with creating a new home for birds, the team hopes the island will slow the erosion of the salt marsh inside the estuary. Erosion can happen when flooding and waves pull soil and rocks into the sea. The new island should act as a defense, sheltering the salt marsh from waves to protect the habitat. Katy Gilchrist, coastal project manager for the National Trust, said the program was a form of “marine recycling” because it transformed retired boats into a reserve for wildlife. “We’re basically turning history into habitat,” she added. “And as far as we know, no one has attempted anything quite like this before.” 1．Why is the new island being built? A．To serve as a scenic spot. B．To address waste management. C．To recycle old boats for fishing. D．To protect wildlife and its habitats. 2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “three Olympic swimming pools”? A．The total area of the new island. B．The depth of the artificial island. C．The huge amount of mud needed. D．The number of boats used in the project. 3．What does the underlined word “erosion” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Influence of waves on bird habitats. B．The filling of soil and rocks into the sea. C．The formation of new land from mud and gravel. D．Gradual destruction of land by water and waves. 4．What can be inferred from Katy Gilchrist’s words in the last paragraph? A．The National Trust copied an old idea. B．Marine recycling is common in the UK. C．The project gives old boats a new natural use. D．The island will be for studying history and wildlife. （25-26高二下·辽宁营口·阶段检测）Last year, the world lost more forests than ever before, according to researchers from the University of Maryland and the World Resources Institute (WRI) that released their latest report on the world’s forests. The report shows that the world lost about 25,870 square miles of primary rainforest last year. That’s almost double the amount that was lost the year before last. It wasn’t just rainforests that disappeared more rapidly last year. Due to strong wildfire seasons in Canada and Russia, the world’s total tree cover loss increased by 5% last year compared to the year before last. In all, the world lost 115,830 square miles of forests last year. That’s an area roughly the size of Italy. According to WRI, last year, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. Fires caused almost half of the total loss. That’s a huge problem, because forest fires add to the pollution that causes global warming. Airplane travel is one of the world’s biggest sources of greenhouse gases. But last year, the amount of pollution released by forest fires was over four times greater than the pollution from all the world’s airplane travel the year before last. The second biggest cause of forest loss was clearing land for farming, including growing crops and raising animals. The amount of land cleared for farming shot up by 14% last year. That’s the biggest increase in 10 years. In 2021, the leaders of 140 countries signed an agreement to stop forest loss and begin increasing forest area by 2030. However, that’s not happening. WRI says that 17 of the 20 countries with the most primary forests are losing more forests now than when they signed the agreement. Brazil has the most tropical rainforest in the world. But last year, it also had the most forest loss. It was responsible for 42% of the world’s total loss of primary forest. WRI says that to meet the goal of ending forest loss by 2030, the world will need to lower its forest losses by 20% every year. It’s high time to work together. 1．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 used to show about forest loss? A．Its location. B．Its reasons. C．Its varieties. D．Its severity. 2．Why does the author mention airplane travel? A．To explain global warming. B．To praise its eco-achievements. C．To prove WRI’s previous point. D．To emphasize forest fires’ effects. 3．What can be inferred about the 2021 agreement? A．It has been quitted by some countries. B．It has been carried out unsuccessfully. C．It has been preventing farming growing. D．It has been getting more and more promising. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Forests Declined at a Record Pace B．Climate Change Causes Forest Loss C．Primary Rainforest Struggled to Live D．Wildfires Are Driving Global Warming 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Conservation 核心语法精练（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、被动语态高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 2．非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1．标点的运用有所不同 限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个女孩是谁？ He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。 2．从句的作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball. 第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。 Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise. 艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。 3．关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语。此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.) 4．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 5．关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which) She is not the one(that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 6．英译汉时有所不同 译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。 三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等 句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 一、高考真题 1.（2026年全国一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【63题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 3.（2026年浙江1月）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 二、单句语法填空 1．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：吴宜泽赢得了世界斯诺克锦标赛决赛冠军，他为年轻的中国选手树立了新的标杆。“______ won the World Snooker Championship final”为定语从句，先行词是Wu Yize，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。 2．We’ll all experience a point we choose kindness over anger, and that choice brings us closer together. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我们都会经历这样一个时刻——我们选择以善意代替愤怒，而这个选择让我们彼此更加亲近。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词point，此处表示抽象的“节点”，关系词在从句中作地点状语（即at the point），因此使用关系副词where引导该从句。 3．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词situation在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 4．The main street is lined with small stands and shops sell almost anything you can imagine. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：主街上排列着小摊位和商店，它们出售几乎任何你能想象到的东西。此处为定语从句，先行词small stands and shops指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，引导词用which/that。 5．My deskmate, English writing skills have won several national awards, often shares with me her experience of combining Chinese cultural elements into English compositions. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：我的同桌，她的英语写作能力斩获过多项国家级奖项，常常和我分享她将中国文化元素融入英语作文的经验。 此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为 My deskmate，空格后有名词 English writing skills，需用关系代词whose作定语，表所属关系 “…… 的”，修饰后面的名词。 6．The hostess invited three guests to join us in the studio, none of I had ever met before. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：女主持人邀请了三位客人到演播室和我们一起，我以前从未见过他们中的任何一位。此处应为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词three guests，指人，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以使用关系代词whom。 7．This is a special occasion many families will gather together to celebrate. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这是一个许多家庭会聚在一起庆祝的特殊时刻。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词occasion是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句。 8．More of us are using headphones in noisier environments, we may turn up the volume to potentially dangerous levels. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的人在嘈杂的环境中使用耳机，而在这种环境中，他们可能会将音量调得过高，从而达到潜在的危险程度。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词environments是抽象地点，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 9． is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 【答案】As 【详解】句意：众所周知，月球每月绕地球运行一周。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话内容，表示“正如……”，要填As。 10．He couldn’t forget the reason the survivor mentioned for surviving the earthquake — staying calm. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他无法忘记幸存者提及的地震逃生原因——保持冷静。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason（指物），在定语从句作动词mentioned的宾语成分，所以为关系代词which/ that引导。故填which/ that。 11．His work shows the principles of biomimicry (仿生学), natural patterns and systems, such as the shapes of plants and animals, inspire human-made designs. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的作品体现了仿生学原理—— 即自然界的形态与系统（如动植物的外形）能够启发人类进行设计创作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 biomimicry，指物，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 12．There are some patients the doctor is taking special care of in the special ward of the hospital. 【答案】whom/who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在医院的特殊病房里，有一些正在被那位医生特别照料的病人。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是some patients，指人，定语从句中of后面缺宾语，应用关系代词who/whom/that。故填who/whom/that。 13．Some people, live a green and cost-effective lifestyle, prefer homemade meals over pricey light foods. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些生活崇尚环保且注重经济实惠的人，更倾向于自己动手做饭，而非选择昂贵的低热量食品。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 14．Interestingly, Tang Xianzu and William Shakespeare, works talk about similar ideas like love and fate, lived at the same time and both died in 1616, but they never met. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：有趣的是，汤显祖和威廉·莎士比亚生活在同一时代，且都于1616年逝世，却从未相遇，二人的作品都探讨了爱情、命运这类相似的主题。先行词为Tang Xianzu and William Shakespeare，指人，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词works，表“……的”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 15．Dr. Smith, research focuses on environmental protection, will give a lecture in our school next week. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究方向为环境保护的史密斯博士将于下周在我校举办一场讲座。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词Dr. Smith指人，从句中缺少定语，且表示所属关系，应使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 16．My friend, is a famous architect, designed the new library in our city center. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的朋友是一位著名建筑师，他设计了我们市中心的新图书馆。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词My friend 指人。从句中缺少主语，应使用who引导，而that不可用于非限制性定语从句。故填who。 17．Tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这些垃圾占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%左右。“_____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“over 1.3 billion tons of food waste”，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 18．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我不可能取得今天的成就。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的是非限制性定语从句，Professor Smith和help之间是所属关系，因此用whose表所属，故填whose。 19．Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a job I can work from home most days. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最终，他们通过把我调到一份多数日子可以在家工作的岗位来满足我的需求。先行词a job在从句I can work from home most days中充当地点状语，即“在这份工作中我多数日子可以在家工作”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 20．We finally reached the small town at midnight, the whole area was covered in quiet darkness. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于在午夜到达了那个小镇，这时整个地区都笼罩在寂静的黑暗中。空处引导非限制性定语从句，结合从句内容可知，这是对先行词midnight作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。 21．For young people, they can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, is beneficial to their mental health. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于年轻人来说，他们可以感受到归属感并获得鼓励，这对他们的心理健康有益。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 22．This term, original meaning was “taking a break”, has evolved to indicate the end of the hot summer. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个术语最初的意思是“稍作休息”，如今已演变为表示炎热夏季的结束。此空引导非限制性定语从句，original meaning与先行词this term是所属关系，应用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。故填whose。 23．The film brought the hours back to me I was living with my grandparents in the beautiful small village. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影让我回想起了和祖父母一起住在那个美丽小村庄的时光。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，先行词是the hours，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 24．In the evening we went to a party and I met Diana's friends, many of are connected with the movie industry. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：晚上我们去参加了一个派对，我见到了戴安娜的朋友们，其中许多人都与电影行业有关联。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Diana's friends（指人），关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词 whom，故填whom。 25．The lock is produced through a complex technique countless small wooden pieces are crafted to interlock without the use of nails. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种锁通过一种复杂的工艺制成，在该工艺中，无数小木片被加工成相互咬合的形状，无需使用钉子。根据先行词technique以及定语从句中缺少地点状语(in the technique)可知，此处应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 26．The famous scientist, we all admire, gave us a wonderful speech yesterday. 【答案】who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位我们都崇拜的著名科学家昨天给我们作了一次精彩的演讲。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词scientist指人，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词who/whom引导从句。故填who/whom。 27．The ancient city, history dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of tourists every year. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座古城的历史可以追溯到唐朝，每年吸引成千上万的游客。The ancient city attracts thousands of tourists every year是主句，此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The ancient city与history表所属关系，即“这座古城的历史”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 28．She has written three novels, the last of has been translated into five languages. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她写了三部小说，其中最后一部已被翻译成五种语言。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词three novels作补充说明，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，因此应用关系代词which。故填which。 29．I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, was surrounded by blooming flowers. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我决定用水彩画描绘公园池塘上的那座小桥，它被盛开的鲜花所环绕。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the small bridge作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 30．You’ve got something is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你已经得到了可能会拯救某人的性命的东西。空处引导定语从句，先行词是something，指物，从句中缺少主语，因先行词是不定代词，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。 二、完成句子 31．The school is very famous. He studied in it ten years ago. (用定语从句改写) The school ________ ________ he studied ten years ago is very famous. 【答案】 in which 【详解】句意：他十年前就读的那所学校非常有名。结合题目要求用定语从句改写，studied in it中的it指代前面的The school，改为定语从句时将介词in提前，用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词which指代先行词The school，在从句中作介词in的宾语，相当于where。 32．I don’t like the way. He speaks in this way. (用定语从句改写) I don’t like the way ________ ________ he speaks. 【答案】 in which 【详解】句意：我不喜欢他说话的方式。改写句中主句是I don’t like the way，将原句中He speaks in this way.改为定语从句，修饰名词way，关系词指代先行词在从句中作方式状语，应填介词in加which。 33．She has many friends. She can turn to them for help. (用定语从句改写) She has many friends ________ ________ she can turn for help. 【答案】 to whom 【详解】句意：她有许多可以求助的朋友。结合题目要求用定语从句改写，turn to them中的them指代前面的many friends，改为定语从句时用“介词+关系代词”，固定搭配turn to sb. for help意为“向某人求助”，将介词to提前，关系代词whom指代先行词friends，在从句中作介词to的宾语。 34．He lives in the room. The window of it faces south. (用定语从句改写) He lives in the room, ________ ________ faces south. 【答案】 the window of which 【详解】句意：他住在那个房间里，房间的窗户朝南。原句He lives in the room. The window of it faces south.可合并为含定语从句的复合句。先行词是the room，在新句子中the window of...部分表示所属关系，在定语从句中，当先行词为物，且表示所属关系时，可用“the + 名词 + of which”结构来引导定语从句，which指代先行词the room 。 35．Using AI painting tools, I made a digital animation based on Dunhuang murals. (用定语从句改写) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Using AI painting tools, I made a digital animation which is based on Dunhuang murals. 【详解】句意：我使用AI绘画工具制作了一部基于敦煌壁画的数字动画。原句用过去分词短语based on Dunhuang murals作后置定语修饰a digital animation，题目要求用定语从句改写。先行词a digital animation是物，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。原句的过去分词based on需改为谓语动词is based on，构成which is based on Dunhuang murals，使用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“数字动画以敦煌壁画为基础”是客观事实，其余成分保持不变。 36．The Yinping Mountain has fascinating scenery. My family paid a visit there last weekend. (用定语从句合并) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Yinping Mountain, where my family paid a visit last weekend, has fascinating scenery. 【详解】句意：银屏山风景迷人，上周末我们全家去那里游玩了一番。改后的句子将第一句作为主句，将第二句变为定语从句，修饰先行词The Yinping Mountain，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句，将第二句中的there去掉。 37．There lives an old man near the school, the son of whom is working abroad. (用定语从句改写句子) →There lives an old man near the school,_____________is working abroad. →There lives an old man near the school,_______________is working abroad. 【答案】 of whom the son whose son 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学校附近住着一位老人，他的儿子在国外工作。原句中the son of whom“他的儿子”可用of whom the son/whose son代替，都表示所属关系。故填of whom the son；whose son。 38．She will never forget the day. She joined the school choir on that day. (合并定语从句) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】She will never forget the day when she joined the school choir. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她永远不会忘记那一天。她在那天加入了学校合唱团。两句中的共同部分the day为先行词，表时间，用关系副词when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语，替代原句中的on that day，合并后句子结构完整且语义不变。故填She will never forget the day when she joined the school choir. 39．We visited the museum. The famous painter’s works are displayed there. （合并定语从句） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】We visited the museum where the famous painter’s works are displayed. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们参观了那个陈列着那位著名画家作品的博物馆。此处定语从句修饰先行词museum，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导。故合并为We visited the museum where the famous painter’s works are displayed. 40．The smartphone was invented by Martin Cooper. It has changed people’s life greatly. （合并为含非限制性定语从句的复合句） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The smartphone, which was invented by Martin Cooper, has changed people’s life greatly. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：智能手机由Martin Cooper发明。它极大地改变了人们的生活。按照要求合并为含非限制性定语从句的复合句，将第二句作主句，主语改为The smartphone，将was invented by Martin Cooper变为非限制性定语从句，先行词为The smartphone，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用which引导，其余不变。故答案为The smartphone, which was invented by Martin Cooper, has changed people’s life greatly. 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二下·河北石家庄·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve in northwest China’s Qinghai Province has updated its list of protected wildlife, adding 10 species 1 the previous total of 72, according to a report by the Xinhua News Agency. The updated list, which was revised by experts, 2 (include) 82 species of protected wildlife. 3 number of national first-level protected animals has increased from 19 to 22. Meanwhile, the number of second-level 4 (national) protected animals has increased from 53 to 60. Additionally, the number of wild plants under national protection has reached 12 species. According to the report, the 5 (revise) of the wildlife list focused on optimizing (优化) 6 adjusting the bird list. Species with uncertain records 7 (remove) from the original list and new species that have been monitored in recent years were added, 8 (increase) the total number of bird species from 232 to 281. First 9 (found) in 1975, the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering the entire water area of the Qinghai Lake and the islands, beaches and wetlands, 10 birds breed and nest. The reserve is the earliest of its kind in China to be listed in the List of Wetlands of International Importance in 1992, according to UNESCO. 【答案】 1．to 2．includes 3．The 4．nationally 5．revision 6．and 7．were removed 8．increasing 9．founded 10．where 【导语】文章介绍了青海湖自然保护区生物多样性保护工作的最新进展，展示中国在生态保护方面的持续努力与成效。 1．考查介词。句意：据新华社报道，中国西北部青海省的青海湖国家级自然保护区更新了其保护野生动物名录，在原有的72种基础上增加了10种。add...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……添加到……”，此处表示将10个新物种加入到原有的72种保护野生动物名录中，所以填介词to。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这份由专家修订的更新名录包含82种保护野生动物。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；主语The updated list是单数形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式includes。 3．考查冠词。句意：国家一级保护动物的数量从19种增加到22种。the number of...是固定短语，意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of...表示“许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。此处指“国家一级保护动物的数量”，所以用定冠词The，注意句首单词首字母大写。 4．考查副词。句意：同时，国家二级保护动物的数量从53种增加到60种。空格处修饰形容词protected，需要用副词形式；national是形容词，其副词形式是nationally，表示“全国性地；国家层面地”。 5．考查名词。句意：据报道，野生动物名录的修订重点是优化和调整鸟类名录。空格处作主语，且前面有定冠词the，需要用名词形式；revise是动词，其名词形式是revision，表示“修订；修改”。 6．考查连词。句意：据报道，野生动物名录的修订重点是优化和调整鸟类名录。空格前的optimizing和空格后的adjusting是并列关系，所以用连词and连接。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：那些记录不明确的物种被从原始清单中剔除，而近年来监测到的新物种则被纳入其中，从而使鸟类物种的总数从 232 种增加到了 281 种。空格处是谓语动词，主语Species与谓语动词remove之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”；species单复数同形，根据语境此处表示复数概念，所以填were removed。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：那些记录不明确的物种被从原始清单中剔除，而近年来监测到的新物种则被纳入其中，从而使鸟类物种的总数从 232 种增加到了 281 种。空格处作结果状语，动词increase与上文的内容之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词increasing。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：青海湖国家级自然保护区始建于 1975 年，位于青藏高原的东北部，涵盖了青海湖的整个水域以及岛屿、海滩和湿地，这里是鸟类繁衍和筑巢的场所。空格处作状语，句子的主语the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve与动词found之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词founded作状语。 10．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：青海湖国家级自然保护区始建于 1975 年，位于青藏高原的东北部，涵盖了青海湖的整个水域以及岛屿、海滩和湿地，这里是鸟类繁衍和筑巢的场所。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the islands, beaches and wetlands，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。 （25-26高二下·河北唐山·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In 2013, many people 1 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea — ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel 2 (great) distances to find food. This showed the rising temperature affected Earth’s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, 3 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 4 big problem. There is strong and comprehensive evidence 5 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. In fact, news reports are 6 (frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic 7 (loss). Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 8 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 10 (seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming. 【答案】 1．were shocked 2．greater 3．which 4．a 5．that 6．frequently 7．losses 8．in 9．restricting 10．to seize 【导语】文章主要讲述了全球变暖的现状、温室效应的成因及其对生态环境的严重影响。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：2013年，许多人被一张死去的北极熊的新闻照片震惊了，这只熊似乎是因饥饿而死。根据时间状语“In 2013”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语many people与动词shock“震惊”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。主语为复数，故填入were shocked。 2．考查形容词比较级。句意：专家称，气候变化导致的低海冰水平意味着这只熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它不得不跋涉更远的距离去寻找食物。根据前文“could not hunt seals as before”可知，由于无法在原地捕猎，它需要走比平时更远的距离，应用great“极大的，很大的”的比较级greater。 3．考查定语从句。​句意：气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程，叫做“温室效应”，它有两个常见的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the greenhouse effect，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。 4．考查冠词。句意：“人为”温室效应现在变成了一个大问题。根据空后的“big problem”可知，此处泛指“一个大问题”，big的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 5．考查同位语从句。句意：有强有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害的增加。evidence后接同位语从句，解释说明证据的具体内容，从句结构完整且不缺少成分，应用连接词that引导。 6．考查副词。​句意：事实上，关于造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪的新闻报道频繁播出。根据空后动词“broadcast”可知，空处需用副词frequently“频繁地”修饰动词作状语。 7．考查名词复数。​句意：事实上，关于造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪的新闻报道频繁播出。根据空前“economic”可知，空处需用名词；loss表示“损失”时为可数名词，此处指多次灾害造成的损失，应用复数形式losses。 8．考查介词。​句意：持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步的变暖和全球气候的长期变化。此处为固定搭配result in，意为“导致”。 9．考查非谓语动词。​句意：作为个人，我们可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。根据空前介词“by”可知，空处动词restrict“限制”需用动名词restricting作宾语。 10．考查非谓语动词。​句意：抓住每一个机会向每个人宣传全球变暖，是我们的责任。分析句子结构可知，本句是固定句型It is + n. + to do sth.，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词seize“抓住”的不定式形式。 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二下·广东·阶段检测）A new island to support wildlife is being created in the UK. The National Trust, a conservation organization, recently sank three large boats into the Blackwater Estuary (河口) in Essex, England, to form the base of the island. Birds can rest there, and the structure will protect the area’s salt marsh (盐沼) habitats, where many plant and animal species live. An estuary is where a river widens and flows into the sea. The Blackwater Estuary is home to some of the UK’s most threatened seabirds. Experts hope the artificial island will be a safe place for these birds. To make the artificial island, the team cut holes in the bottom of the boats and poured mud into them to weigh them down. It took about 282,000 cubic feet of mud to fill and surround the boats — enough to fill more than three Olympic swimming pools. More mud will be piled on top, and then a layer of gravel (砾石) will be added. Once the work is complete, the island will be slightly larger than a football field. It will be a place for the birds to rest, even when the tide is at its highest and nearby shores are largely underwater. Along with creating a new home for birds, the team hopes the island will slow the erosion of the salt marsh inside the estuary. Erosion can happen when flooding and waves pull soil and rocks into the sea. The new island should act as a defense, sheltering the salt marsh from waves to protect the habitat. Katy Gilchrist, coastal project manager for the National Trust, said the program was a form of “marine recycling” because it transformed retired boats into a reserve for wildlife. “We’re basically turning history into habitat,” she added. “And as far as we know, no one has attempted anything quite like this before.” 1．Why is the new island being built? A．To serve as a scenic spot. B．To address waste management. C．To recycle old boats for fishing. D．To protect wildlife and its habitats. 2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “three Olympic swimming pools”? A．The total area of the new island. B．The depth of the artificial island. C．The huge amount of mud needed. D．The number of boats used in the project. 3．What does the underlined word “erosion” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Influence of waves on bird habitats. B．The filling of soil and rocks into the sea. C．The formation of new land from mud and gravel. D．Gradual destruction of land by water and waves. 4．What can be inferred from Katy Gilchrist’s words in the last paragraph? A．The National Trust copied an old idea. B．Marine recycling is common in the UK. C．The project gives old boats a new natural use. D．The island will be for studying history and wildlife. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍英国保护组织将三艘旧船沉入河口造人工岛，填泥铺砾石供濒危海鸟栖息。岛屿可减缓盐沼海浪侵蚀，废旧船只改造为野生动物保护区，是独特海洋再利用项目。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new island to support wildlife is being created in the UK. The National Trust, a conservation organization, recently sank three large boats into the Blackwater Estuary (河口) in Essex, England, to form the base of the island.(英国正在打造一座新的岛屿以保护野生动物。一家名为国家信托的自然保护组织最近在英格兰埃塞克斯郡的黑水河口沉没三艘大型船只，用作该岛屿的基础)”可知，建造这座新岛屿是为了保护野生动物及其栖息地。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“It took about 282,000 cubic feet of mud to fill and surround the boats — enough to fill more than three Olympic swimming pools.(填满并环绕这些船只需要约28.2万立方英尺的泥浆，足够装满三个以上奥林匹克游泳池)”可知，作者提到“三个奥运游泳池”试图说明需要大量淤泥。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the salt marsh inside the estuary(河口内部的盐沼)”并结合常识可知，盐沼回侵蚀毁坏土地。故划线词意思是“水和波浪对土地的逐渐破坏”。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Katy Gilchrist, coastal project manager for the National Trust, said the program was a form of “marine recycling” because it transformed retired boats into a reserve for wildlife.(国家信托基金会的海岸项目主管凯蒂·吉尔克里斯特表示，该项目是一种“海洋回收”形式，因为它将退役船只改造成野生动物的庇护所)”可知，该项目使旧船获得了新的自然用途。 （25-26高二下·辽宁营口·阶段检测）Last year, the world lost more forests than ever before, according to researchers from the University of Maryland and the World Resources Institute (WRI) that released their latest report on the world’s forests. The report shows that the world lost about 25,870 square miles of primary rainforest last year. That’s almost double the amount that was lost the year before last. It wasn’t just rainforests that disappeared more rapidly last year. Due to strong wildfire seasons in Canada and Russia, the world’s total tree cover loss increased by 5% last year compared to the year before last. In all, the world lost 115,830 square miles of forests last year. That’s an area roughly the size of Italy. According to WRI, last year, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. Fires caused almost half of the total loss. That’s a huge problem, because forest fires add to the pollution that causes global warming. Airplane travel is one of the world’s biggest sources of greenhouse gases. But last year, the amount of pollution released by forest fires was over four times greater than the pollution from all the world’s airplane travel the year before last. The second biggest cause of forest loss was clearing land for farming, including growing crops and raising animals. The amount of land cleared for farming shot up by 14% last year. That’s the biggest increase in 10 years. In 2021, the leaders of 140 countries signed an agreement to stop forest loss and begin increasing forest area by 2030. However, that’s not happening. WRI says that 17 of the 20 countries with the most primary forests are losing more forests now than when they signed the agreement. Brazil has the most tropical rainforest in the world. But last year, it also had the most forest loss. It was responsible for 42% of the world’s total loss of primary forest. WRI says that to meet the goal of ending forest loss by 2030, the world will need to lower its forest losses by 20% every year. It’s high time to work together. 1．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 used to show about forest loss? A．Its location. B．Its reasons. C．Its varieties. D．Its severity. 2．Why does the author mention airplane travel? A．To explain global warming. B．To praise its eco-achievements. C．To prove WRI’s previous point. D．To emphasize forest fires’ effects. 3．What can be inferred about the 2021 agreement? A．It has been quitted by some countries. B．It has been carried out unsuccessfully. C．It has been preventing farming growing. D．It has been getting more and more promising. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Forests Declined at a Record Pace B．Climate Change Causes Forest Loss C．Primary Rainforest Struggled to Live D．Wildfires Are Driving Global Warming 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了全球森林损失加剧的现状、原因及国际协议落实不力的问题。 1．细节理解题。​ 根据第二段“The report shows that the world lost about 25,870 square miles of primary rainforest last year. That’s almost double the amount that was lost the year before last. It wasn’t just rainforests that disappeared more rapidly last year. Due to strong wildfire seasons in Canada and Russia, the world’s total tree cover loss increased by 5% last year compared to the year before last. In all, the world lost 115,830 square miles of forests last year. That’s an area roughly the size of Italy.(这份报告显示，去年全球损失了约2.587万平方英里的原始雨林，几乎比前年翻了一番。去年消失的不仅仅是雨林，受加拿大和俄罗斯野火季猛烈的影响，去年全球林木总覆盖损失较前年增加了5%。全年算下来，去年全球共损失了11.583万平方英里的森林，面积大致相当于一个意大利)”可知，这些数据是为了说明森林损失的面积之大，即其严重性。 2．推理判断题。​ 根据第三段中“Airplane travel is one of the world’s biggest sources of greenhouse gases. But last year, the amount of pollution released by forest fires was over four times greater than the pollution from all the world’s airplane travel the year before last.(航空旅行是全球最大的温室气体来源之一。但去年，森林火灾释放的污染量是前年全世界航空旅行产生的污染量的四倍多)”可知，作者将森林火灾的污染量与众所周知的航空旅行污染量作对比，是为了强调森林火灾对环境的巨大影响。 3．推理判断题。​ 根据第四段中“In 2021, the leaders of 140 countries signed an agreement to stop forest loss and begin increasing forest area by 2030. However, that’s not happening. WRI says that 17 of the 20 countries with the most primary forests are losing more forests now than when they signed the agreement.(2021年，140个国家领导人签署了一项协议，旨在到2030年停止森林损失并开始增加森林面积。然而，这并没有发生。世界资源研究所表示，拥有最多原始森林的20个国家中有17个现在的森林损失比签署协议时还要严重)”可知，协议签署后，大多数国家的森林损失反而增加了，这说明协议没有得到成功执行。 4．主旨大意题。​ 根据第一段中“Last year, the world lost more forests than ever before, according to researchers from the University of Maryland and the World Resources Institute (WRI) that released their latest report on the world’s forests.(根据马里兰大学和世界资源研究所发布的关于全球森林状况的最新报告，去年全球损失的森林比以往任何时候都要多)”以及全文围绕森林损失创纪录这一事实展开的具体数据分析可知，文章主要讲的是森林正在以创纪录的速度减少。由此可知，A项“森林以创纪录的速度减少”最适合作文章标题。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $