Unit3 Conservation 单元知识强化练-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

Unit 3　Conservation Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Despite the damage,the fire had a positive effect because it 　　　　　　(破坏) the old,poorly made wooden buildings.  2.In order to remove poverty,the World Bank has 　　　　　　(转换) its focus to providing assistance to developing countries.  3.Children who practice playing basketball develop skills that help them fight against 　　　　　　(对手) and move around the court.  4.Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming 　　　　　　　(濒危的) species.  5.Nowadays,　　　　　(大批的) unemployment seems to be a fact of life in this country.  6.These speakers impressed us deeply with their 　　　　　　(不平常的) confidence and performance.  7.This professor discovered some rare 　　　　　(物种) of plants deep in this forest last summer.  8.Roofs and windows of buildings aren’t the only surfaces that can be used to produce 　　　　　(太阳能的) power.  9.The garbage is then taken away and,if possible,　　　　　　(回收利用).  10.The local organisation has spent millions of dollars in an attempt to 　　　　　 (使恢复) the habitat of native plants.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.With the government’s aid,those 　　　　　　(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.  2.Over the past decades,sea ice has been 　　　　　　the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.  3.With the environment going from bad to worse,necessary action needs to be taken 　　　　　　(urgent).  4.In a word,we must take some measures to prevent rare animals from 　　　　　　(extinct).  5.On this blog,a lot of posts are offered for smokers trying to quit smoking,many of which are 　　　　　　(inform),well-written,and even entertaining.  6.The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat 　　　　　　agriculture.  7.Unfortunately,with a lot of natural habitat of wildlife destroyed,many species are 　　　　　　(danger).  8.Do you find yourself getting impatient or 　　　　　　(annoy) with people over unimportant things?  9.I am told that the test will involve 　　　　　　(answer) questions about a photograph.  10.As a volunteer in a local farm,I learned to plant vegetables and gained much 　　　　　　(agriculture) knowledge.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。 Our company has published 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　we did last year.  2.很明显,如果没有全社会的帮助,就不会有今天的新学校。 It is obvious that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,there would be 　　　　　　　　　　　today. 3.计划成功实施,一切顺利。 The plan successfully carried out,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。 The fire lasted a whole night,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.当警察拦住我们时,我们都充满疑虑地看着他,紧张而困惑。 When the policeman stopped us,we all looked questioningly at him,　　　　　　　　　　. Ⅳ.阅读理解 A It’s been more than 60 years since Jane Goodall started her pioneering work.In 1960,she was chosen to go to what is now Tanzania and study the little-known world of chimpanzees.Since then,Goodall has received many awards and honorary degrees as a world-famous conservationist (自然环境保护主义者).Now,Goodall has received an unusual honor.She is becoming a toy—a Barbie doll. Goodall may not have expected to become a Barbie at 88 years old—but it’s not just any doll,it’s made out of recycled plastic.And Barbie is partnering with the Jane Goodall Foundation and its Roots & Shoots program which inspires young people to protect animals and the environment. “You know,the main message is that every day you live,you make an influence on the planet and you get to choose what sort of influence you make,” Goodall said. “There was a little boy of 7 in Burundi,and I had given a talk to the school and he came up to me and said,‘If I pick out a piece of trash every day,it will make a difference,won’t it?’ And I said,‘Yes,it will.And suppose you persuade (劝说) 10 of your friends to pick up a piece of rubbish every day.’ He said,‘Oh,that would really make a difference and then they could all get 10 of their friends,couldn’t they?’” Goodall said,“So,that’s it.The cumulative (积累的) effect of small actions can lead to big change.” She’s been inspiring young people for decades,but now,newer generations will get to know Jane Goodall.“I sincerely hope that it will help to create more interest in the natural world,” she said about the Barbie.“Because hopefully,you know,they’ll learn more about me through the doll.And that will get them interested.It doesn’t really matter if they have a career in conservation,as long as they pay attention to conservation in their daily lives.” 1.What is the intention of Barbie’s making a doll of Jane Goodall? A.To give Jane Goodall a surprise. B.To test the quality of recycled plastic. C.To encourage environmental protection. D.To start a cooperative research program. 2.What idea does Goodall’s conversation with the little boy mainly convey? A.Everyone can make an impact on the planet. B.Children will make the future world a better place. C.Every child should pick up a piece of rubbish every day. D.The accumulation of tiny actions makes a great difference. 3.What is Goodall’s attitude towards the Barbie doll? A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Disapproving. D.Doubtful. 4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A.Jane Goodall’s Good Expectation of Nature Conservation B.Young People’s Strong Interest in Nature Conservation C.Great Popularity of a New Barbie Doll of Jane Goodall D.Inspire Newer Generations to Care About Conservation Through a Doll B The San Francisco-based company,called Living Carbon,has created poplar (杨树) trees that are genetically engineered (改变基因结构) to grow larger and suck up more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than standard trees do.In February,workers planted rows of these poplars in southern Georgia.The company intends to plant 4 to 5 million trees by the middle of next year,which they say will help with the worsening climate crisis. When plants photosynthesize (进行光合作用),they convert carbon into sugar and nutrients that are eventually consumed by all living organisms.But they also produce a harmful byproduct,which must be broken down during the energy-intensive process of photorespiration (光呼吸),said Yumin Tao,the company’s vice president of biotechnology. “This not only wastes energy but also loses much fixed carbon in the form of CO2,which gets released into the air again,” Tao added.“It’s a wasteful process many plants do.” Living Carbon has reduced photorespiration in its poplars,instead channeling the energy into growth,he says. The trees have three genes inserted to achieve this,including one from squash and one from green algae.But the company has yet to show its modified trees can capture more carbon in a real-world setting.Its only publicly available data comes from a study in a greenhouse that lasted for only a few months and has yet to be peer reviewed.“Their claims seem bold based on very limited real-world data,” says Andrew Newhouse,a conservation biologist at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Still,the study reported the modified poplars grew as much as 53% larger in five months compared to the unmodified ones,capturing 27% more carbon dioxide.Now,the company hopes its other field trials in locations like Oregon and Pennsylvania will show similar successes.It’s currently focused on planting on private lands,where fewer roadblocks exist. “We specially focus on land where trees otherwise wouldn’t be planted,like abandoned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an existing,rich ecosystem that’s allowing for a large amount of carbon removal right now,” says Maddie Hall,Living Carbon’s CEO. 5.Why does the company want to plant genetically modified poplars? A.To help with the worsening climate crisis. B.To better study them to gain more accurate data. C.To replace ordinary poplars with genetically modified poplars. D.To find suitable places for genetically modified poplars to grow. 6.What is Andrew Newhouse’s attitude to the company’s findings? A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous. C.Skeptical. D.Supportive. 7.What can we learn about the genetically-engineered poplars? A.They are very resistant to carbon. B.They have a growth advantage. C.They have two genes inserted. D.They photosynthesize even faster. 8.What is the best title for the text? A.A Company Is Trying to Engineer Trees Genetically B.Poplar Trees Might Be Planted All Around the World C.Genetically Modified Trees Are Taking Root to Capture Carbon D.Research Is Being Conducted to Use Trees to Remove CO2 Ⅴ.七选五 There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing.People still want to eat fish,so the fishing industry must look at other sources,especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.　1　.  Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive.Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.　2　 Many species could well disappear if the present trend continues.These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.  The problem is emphasised by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years.Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 　3　 The average size of such fish also declined,with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size.This is of particular concern,as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.  None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding fish like sardine and herring.　4　  The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment.Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.　5　 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems,but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.  A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B.Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C.Unfortunately,their reproduction rate is very low. D.This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E.Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. F.It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. G.This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. Ⅵ.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 There is a farm not far from the coastline.It belongs to a man called Tom.Tom couldn’t do everything by himself on the farm.Thus,he needed to hire one man to help him run the farm.However,no one worked on his farm for long because the work was too tiring.Since the farm is near the sea,there are often storms from the sea that strike his farm.When a storm comes,Tom and the man he hired have to get up quickly and try to reduce the losses caused by the storm.Therefore,no one liked working there.Tom had to look for people to work for him all the time. One day,a man called Henry read the poster that Tom had put up and then came to his farm.“Sir,I can work for you,” said Henry.Tom looked at Henry.This young man was neither strong nor tall.“Are you sure?” asked Tom.“Yes,sir.I can do the work well.But you must pay me twice what you paid others before,” said that young man. Tom was surprised.He didn’t really believe such a man could do the work well.But it was really hard for him to find someone else to work for him.At last,he decided to give Henry a try.However,before hiring him,he said,“Can you really be a good helper?The work on the farm is hard and tiring.And there are often storms.”Henry smiled and said,“Don’t worry.I can be a good helper.You’ll see.Storms won’t be a problem.They won’t even disturb our sleep.We can sleep well even on stormy nights.” And then Henry stayed on the farm.To Tom’s joy,Henry worked hard and did his work well.It was obvious that he hadn’t lied. However,one night,there was a big storm.Tom was woken up by the strong wind.He was worried that the storm would cause great losses for his farm.And he saw his helper nowhere. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Tom thought Henry must still be sleeping.____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Tom thought he had hired the wrong man. ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.destroyed　2.switched　3.opponents　4.endangered　5.mass　6.unusual　7.species　8.solar　9.recycled　10.restore Ⅱ.1.affected　2.on　3.urgently　4.extinction　5.informative　6.to　7.endangered　8.annoyed　9.answering　10.agricultural Ⅲ.1.twice as many books as　2.without the help of the whole society;no new school　3.everything worked out perfectly　4.causing great damage　5.nervous and puzzled Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述芭比娃娃公司推出了一款以自然环境保护主义者Jane Goodall为原型的芭比娃娃,以鼓励年轻人保护自然环境。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but it’s not just any doll,it’s made out of recycled plastic.And Barbie is partnering with the Jane Goodall Foundation and its Roots & Shoots program which inspires young people to protect animals and the environment.”可知,芭比娃娃公司推出以自然环境保护主义者Jane Goodall为原型的芭比娃娃旨在鼓励年轻人保护动物和环境。故选C项。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Jane Goodall与小男孩的对话主要传达了日积月累的小行动也会产生巨大的影响这一理念。故选D项。 3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Jane Goodall对这款芭比娃娃寄予厚望,她希望它能让新一代的人更多地了解她,并激发他们保护自然环境的兴趣。由此可知,她支持推出这款芭比娃娃。故选B项。 4.D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是芭比娃娃公司推出了一款以自然环境保护主义者Jane Goodall为原型的芭比娃娃,以鼓励年轻人保护自然环境。因此,D项“通过玩偶激发新一代的环保意识”适合作本文标题。故选D项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家名为Living Carbon的公司培育出了转基因杨树,这种树会长得更大,吸收更多的二氧化碳,在佐治亚州南部,已经种植了数排这种杨树。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“The company intends to plant 4 to 5 million trees by the middle of next year,which they say will help with the worsening climate crisis.”可知,这家公司种植转基因杨树是为了帮助应对日益恶化的气候危机。故选A项。 6.C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Their claims seem bold based on very limited real-world data”可知,安德鲁·纽豪斯对该公司的调查结果持怀疑态度。故选C项。 7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Still,the study reported the modified poplars grew as much as 53% larger in five months compared to the unmodified ones,capturing 27% more carbon dioxide.”可知,基因工程杨树有增长优势。故选B项。 8.C　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一家名为Living Carbon的公司培育出了转基因杨树,这种树会长得更大,吸收更多的二氧化碳,在佐治亚州南部,已经种植了数排这种杨树。由此可知,C选项“转基因树木正在生根以捕获碳”最符合文章标题。故选C项。 Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度捕捞造成的严重影响。 1.D　根据上文可知,为了吃鱼,渔业必须寻找其他来源,特别是大西洋深水,空处承接上文,指出这么做带来的结果,G项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。”符合,故选G项。 2.D　根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”可知,这五种物种的数量已经减少了87%到98%,空处承接上文,指出这带来的影响——使它们成为“极危物种”,D项“这就把它们归入了‘极危物种’的范畴。”符合,故选D项。 3.C　根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”可知,深海鱼类繁殖需要很长的时间,而且可以存活很多年;根据下文可知,这种深海鱼体型下降,导致繁殖率下降,C项“不幸的是,它们的繁殖率很低。”符合,故选C项。 4.F　根据上文“None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding fish like sardine and herring.”可知,渔业过度捕捞深海鱼,认为它们繁殖得很快,空处承接上文,F项“这就像杀死大象,好像它们的繁殖速度和兔子一样。”符合,用类比来说明渔业没有考虑到事实,过度捕捞深海鱼,故选F项。 5.A　根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”可知,渔业具有重要性;根据下文“Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems,but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.”可知,要采取措施不仅要保护生态系统,而且要维持生计和确保粮食安全。由此可知,空处也应是渔业的重要性,A项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。”符合,上文“make a living”和选项中“rely on fish for protein”对应下文“sustain livelihoods and ensure food security”,故选A项。 Ⅵ.Tom thought Henry must still be sleeping.So anxious was he that he knocked at the door of Henry’s room violently.To Tom’s astonishment,Henry was still lying in his bed.It was extremely evident that Henry didn’t realize how serious the situation was.Filled with rage,Tom shouted,“Get up!There is a big storm.We must work right now.” Calm and peaceful,Henry responded,“Sir,have you forgotten I told you that storms wouldn’t disturb our sleep?Why not just go back to sleep?” Hearing the words,a wide disappointment took hold of Tom. Tom thought he had hired the wrong man.Feeling helpless,he rushed out to work on his own.Nevertheless,no sooner had he gone outside than an unexpected scene came into his sight.All the roofs were covered,and all his chicken,horses and cows settled.Tom was seized by a strong sense of relief,tears streaming down his cheeks.It was Henry that did all the work well in advance before the storm came.He realized he had hired the best man. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $