高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 4 Natural Disasters（较难版02）

高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 4 Natural Disasters（较难版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Why does the man make the call? A．To change an appointment. B．To ask about work. C．To arrange a trip. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Hi Mary, I’m on the train for a business trip. I won’t be able to meet you in town this afternoon. I’m afraid I have to work late. Really sorry. W: That’s Okay Mike, let’s arrange something for next week. 2．（本题1.5分）What was damaged in the storm? A．The car. B．The roof. C．A window. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Was your roof all right after the storm? I saw a workman there today. W: That wasn’t a problem. The workman was putting some new glass in an upstairs window. It was broken by a tree branch. Luckily it didn’t damage my car. 3．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A house. B．A storm. C．An accident. 【答案】B 【原文】W: We moved out before it reached this area. When we returned, I found there was water everywhere, even in my bedroom. M: It was really scary. The roof of my house was blown away by the wind. 4．（本题1.5分）How does the man feel about the speech? A．Boring. B．Interesting. C．Inspiring. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Peter, what do you think of the speech? I think it’s inspiring. M: I don’t find it inspiring at all. Quite the contrary, I just want it to be over with. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．At home. B．At a hospital. C．At a drug store. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Excuse me, I’m looking for something for a stomachache. W: I see, sir. How long have you had this problem? M: For a few days. W:You could try this medicine. It may help. But I think you should see a doctor. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(3分)Where is the typhoon expected to come from? A．The mainland. B．The western Pacific. C．The man’s city. 7．When is the typhoon likely to come to the speakers’ city? A．Tomorrow morning. B．Today. C．Tomorrow evening. 【答案】6．B 7．C 【原文】W: Why is it so hot these days? M: The weather report says another typhoon is forming in the western Pacific and is moving towards the mainland. W: That’s why it’s burning hot these days. By the way, will our city be hit by the typhoon? M: I’m afraid so. It will hit our city on its way towards the mainland. W: When will it arrive? M: It is expected to arrive here tomorrow evening. W: So we must be prepared for it. M: Yes. The government has warned the fishermen not to go fishing and told all citizens not to stay out when the typhoon arrives. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(3分)How did the woman know the news? A．On TV. B．On the Internet. C．In a newspaper. 9．Where is the woman’s uncle staying now? A．At home. B．At a friend’s house. C．At a public shelter. 10．How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A．Relieved. B．Worried. C．Surprised. 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 【原文】M: Hey, Hillary. Have you watched the news about Guatemala on television? W: Are you talking about the hurricane? I read it on a website this morning. M: Yeah. It looked terrible, right? W: Really terrible. Actually, my uncle lives in Guatemala. We talked to him as soon as we heard of that, and his house was destroyed! M: Oh, no! Is he OK? W: Yeah, luckily, he didn’t get hurt. He heard on the news that a storm was coming, so he went to a public storm shelter. M: I am happy he is OK. That is awful about his house though. What is he going to do? W: He is at a friend’s house now, and he will fix his house as soon as possible. M: Well, that is good news. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(4.5分)How high was the Seine River in 1910? A．Around 5 feet high. B．Around 20 feet high. C．Around 28 feet high. 12．What had to get moved to higher floors? A．Many residents. B．Artworks. C．Power equipment. 13．What does the woman want to see the most? A．The Louvre. B．The Eiffel Tower. C．The Musée d’Orsay. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．C 【原文】M: I’m worried about our trip to Paris next week. W: Why? M: There has been heavy rain that has lifted the Seine River to about 20 feet, its highest level since 1982. It actually reached 28.2 feet in 1910, if you can believe it... It is normally only 5 feet high. Workers have said that the river won’t go back to its original level for another week or two. W: Do you think the ground beneath the Eiffel Tower is flooded? M: It is. I saw a photo of it. W: We won’t even be able to walk around and see the city! M: I think we can still walk around. We just have to bring rain boots so our feet don’t get wet or muddy. Many buildings don’t have power, and I read that staff at the Louvre Museum had to move all the artworks to higher floors. It’s still closed to visitors. W: I hope we can at least see the Musée d’Orsay. That’s my favorite museum in the world. M: That’s closed, too. W: Oh no! （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(6分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Husband and wife. B．Boss and worker. C．Teacher and student. 15．What is the woman's attitude towards Mark? A．She feels nervous. B．She trusts him a lot. C．She is disappointed in him. 16．Why does the man believe in Mark? A．Because Mark is an adult. B．Because Mark is smart enough. C．Because Mark has had special training. 17．What will the speakers do for Mark? A．Tell him their experience. B．Design an emergency drill. C．Help him out of the emergency. 【答案】14．A 15．A 16．C 17．B 【原文】W: Mark is left alone at home. How's he feeling? I'm still worried. M: Oh, honey, he's already 12. W: Although he doesn't look anxious or unhappy, I know he's just pretending to be brave. M: Take it easy! He's fine. W: But we have to make sure that he knows what to do in case of emergency. M: Of course he does. He took part in the first aid training program last month and passed the exam. W: The exam? It cannot help absolutely in reality. M: Hmm, you have a point. W: I have got a solution. Let's create an emergency situation for him. Then he'll have real life experience instead of just theory. M: Shh! Keep the plan between us. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(6分)What threatens this city most? A．Wildfires. B．Storms. C．Floods. 19．What was the original purpose of the exhibition? A．To get money donations. B．To grow community art programs. C．To teach others about local issues. 20．What will the speaker do next? A．Invite others to speak. B．Share more local artworks. C．Present information on disasters. 【答案】18．C 19．B 20．A 【原文】 W: Thanks for coming to this art gallery opening. As you can see, all the art here has been painted and created to represent and celebrate local natural beauty. We come from such a beautiful place, so it is very important to realize how at risk it is. I’m not saying this to scare anyone, but to remind us how much we love our planet and how important it is to protect what we love. Here, you’ll see images of hills on fire, powerful typhoons, and rising floods. Within our coastal city, the biggest danger is sea-level rise. Many local artists have painted our streets and train stations underwater to show how real these risks are. Before we open the room to guests, I want to share the origin of this show. The initial idea was not fundraising or even climate messaging. We simply wanted to expand art classes in our community centers. That modest goal grew into this exhibition as students, teachers, and neighbors offered their talent, stories, and support. Because of everyone of you, more workshops will launch next month. To thank you for helping us reach this moment, I’d like to invite several of our lead supporters to say a few words about the student program. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Natural Disasters Big waves, huge eruptions and ice-cold winds-these are just a few things that happen naturally and can quickly turn into a disaster! Understanding these disasters can help us stay safe and prepared. Let’s explore some of these natural disasters! Volcanic Eruption Think about a mountain with an opening at the top through which hot molten (熔化的) rock, gas, steam, and ash burst (爆发). That’s a volcanic eruption! People living close to volcanoes must always be prepared in case of an eruption. This is so they can get away and stay safe from hot lava running down it. Volcanic eruptions can also help to make new land if it happens under the sea. Tsunami Have you ever been to the beach and seen really big waves? Now think about those waves being up to 20 times bigger-that is how big tsunami’s waves can be! These waves are caused by an earthquake that happens under the sea. They are very fast and strong and can wash people and buildings away. Blizzards A blizzard is a weather event that includes low temperatures, strong winds and heavy snowfall. These weather conditions result in car accidents and people on foot can get lost. Additionally, these colder temperatures put people at risk of frostbite or hypothermia. Droughts When it does not rain for a very very long time, it can cause a drought. In some areas, the soil becomes very dry and even the plants do not have water. This is bad because all living things like plants, people and animals need water to live. Nature is full of interesting things, and learning about them means we can be prepared if we find ourselves in one of them. 21．(7.5分)What is a volcanic eruption? A．A mountain covered in deep snow. B．A burst of lava from a mountain. C．An earthquake happening under the sea. D．A land newly formed by molten rocks. 22．What can we learn about blizzards? A．They wash people and buildings away. B．They cause damaging droughts. C．They make it hard for people to go around. D．They involve dramatically big waves. 23．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce. B．To comment. C．To debate. D．To record. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了常见的四种自然灾害。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据Volcanic Eruption部分中“Think about a mountain with an opening at the top through which hot molten (熔化的) rock, gas, steam, and ash burst (爆发). That’s a volcanic eruption!(想象一座山的顶部有一个开口，灼热的熔岩、气体、蒸汽和灰烬可以从中喷发出来。那是火山喷发！)”可知，火山喷发就是岩浆从山里喷发出来。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据Blizzards部分中“These weather conditions result in car accidents and people on foot can get lost.(这样的天气状况会导致车祸，步行的人也会迷路。)”可知，暴风雪会使得人们出行困难。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Big waves, huge eruptions and ice-cold winds-these are just a few things that happen naturally and can quickly turn into a disaster! Understanding these disasters can help us stay safe and prepared. Let’s explore some of these natural disasters!(巨浪，巨大的火山喷发和冰冷的风——这些只是自然发生的一些事情，很快就会变成一场灾难！了解这些灾难可以帮助我们保持安全并做好准备。让我们来探索一下这些自然灾害吧！)”可知，本文旨在向学生介绍自然灾害，让学生对灾害所有了解。故选A。 As a child growing up in Albuquerque, Adeline Murthy spent countless afternoons walking through the bush, the cottonwood forest that lines the Rio Grande. “I studied biology because of the experiences in the natural world around the Rio Grande,” she says. Today, she channels that early love into her work as a planner for Santa Fe County, where she helps protect and restore open spaces along the river. But Adeline doesn’t just rely on maps and models; she listens to the community, to the locals. In Santa Fe County, Adeline has led wetland restoration efforts that improve water flow and soil health and make space for life to return. Input from the surrounding community plays a role. Besides, when there are tools like a flow device — a pipe fixed through a beaver (河狸) dam that controls water levels to prevent flooding while allowing beavers to stay — and protective cages for trees which stop greedy beavers, strife between humans and nature’s ecosystem can be avoided. For Adeline, freshwater restoration is not judged merely by engineering figures such as the flow volume or the degree to which water quality has improved. Her highest priority is the way that reappearing animals and people share the restored landscape: cranes (鹤) feeding in the shallows, beavers rebuilding homes, and at the same time, local families walking, fishing or simply enjoying the riverbank alongside them. Beavers and humans sharing space requires ongoing work and continuous adaptation. When beavers live in human inhabited areas, there might be issues with human infrastructure (基础设施) that requires adaptation and management. It’s not always simple, but there have been payoffs. “We had an amazing experience in 2022 where we spotted fireflies here for the first time in decades,” Adeline recalls. 24．(0分)Why did Adeline study biology? A．Because of the lost open spaces. B．Because of the ruined Rio Grande. C．Because of her passion for nature. D．Because of her role in the community. 25．What does the underlined word “strife” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Difference. B．Harmony. C．Competition. D．Conflict. 26．What does Adeline value most to assess freshwater restoration? A．The appearance of rare species. B．The water-quality improvement. C．The volume of the freshwater flow. D．The human-wildlife coexistence. 27．What does the return of fireflies symbolize? A．The recovery of human habitats. B．The importance of wild animals. C．The positive impact of restoration. D．The completion of Adeline’s work. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．D 27．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Adeline Murthy受童年自然经历的影响学习生物学，并在圣达菲县担任规划师期间，通过结合社区意见与生态技术推动河流湿地修复，最终实现人与自然和谐共生的故事。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘I studied biology because of the experiences in the natural world around the Rio Grande,’ she says.(她说：‘我学习生物学是因为在格兰德河周边自然世界中的经历。’)”可知，Adeline学习生物学源于她对自然的热爱。故选C。 25．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Besides, when there are tools like a flow device — a pipe fixed through a beaver dam that controls water levels to prevent flooding while allowing beavers to stay — and protective cages for trees which stop greedy beavers, strife between humans and nature’s ecosystem can be avoided.(此外，当有诸如流量装置——一种穿过河狸大坝的管道，可控制水位防止洪水同时让河狸留存——以及防止贪婪河狸破坏树木的保护笼这类工具时，人类与自然生态系统之间的strife就可以避免。)”可知，这些工具的作用是避免人类与自然生态系统之间的冲突，因此“strife”意为“冲突”，选项D“conflict(冲突)”符合题意。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Her highest priority is the way that reappearing animals and people share the restored landscape: cranes feeding in the shallows, beavers rebuilding homes, and at the same time, local families walking, fishing or simply enjoying the riverbank alongside them.(她最看重的是重现的动物与人类共享修复后景观的方式：鹤在浅滩觅食，河狸重建家园，与此同时，当地家庭在岸边散步、钓鱼或只是享受河畔风光。)”可知，Adeline评估淡水修复时最重视的是人与野生动物的共存。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段中“‘We had an amazing experience in 2022 where we spotted fireflies here for the first time in decades,’ Adeline recalls.(Adeline回忆道：‘2022年我们有了一次奇妙的经历，几十年来首次在这里发现了萤火虫。’)”结合前文提到的生态修复努力，可知萤火虫的回归象征着修复工作带来的积极影响。故选C。 （本题10分）The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs (花旗松), but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. “Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.” Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops. “Megafires (特大火灾) just weren’t possible, because the forest itself was biodiverse,” says Gilchrist. “It wasn’t a single-species stand of trees that are too close together, too over-aged, and with lots of fuel on the ground.” This practice was common across pre-Columbian Americas. European settlers described it in diaries as wasteful but now, experts see that they knew what they were doing. Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning. “After World War II, fire control technology improved, but forests became weaker as fuel collected.65%-85% of today’s trees grew after native burning stopped,” says Daniels. “The thick forests we see exist because fires were controlled for decades.” Now, climate change has created a terrifying new normal. Hotter temperatures, drier conditions, and increased fuel have turned northern forests into fire traps. In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Some forests may never recover, and repeated big fires could turn them into grasslands. Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point. As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.” 28．(10分)Why does Joe Gilchrist see danger first in the Louis Creek Valley? A．Forests are being cut down. B．Too much fire fuel exists. C．Climate becomes extremely dry. D．Dead trees are not cleared timely. 29．What does Professor Lori Daniels’s research demonstrate? A．Native burning was randomly arranged. B．Native burning burnt down most of the forests. C．Native burning was once an effective practice. D．Native burning was recorded by European settlers. 30．Which is a mentioned consequence of large-scale forest fires? A．Balance of climate system. B．Control of fuel accumulation. C．Melting of permanent frozen soil. D．Reduction of forests’ carbon storage. 31．Which is the best title for the text? A．Native Wisdom: Key to Preventing Forest Fires B．Climate Change: Root of All Forest Disasters C．From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis D．Fire Control Technology: A Solution to Forest Fires 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大森林火灾危机的原因和演变，对比了原住民传统可控燃烧的有效性与现代禁火政策导致的后果，并分析了气候变化下特大火灾的恶性循环及其对全球气候的深远影响。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs, but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.(不列颠哥伦比亚省的路易斯溪谷郁郁葱葱，遍布花旗松，但作为火情管理员和拥有30年经验的消防员，Joe Gilchrist首先看到的却是危险。“自禁止燃烧以来已经100多年了，树木已经过度生长，”他解释道。“枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料。一场大火即将来临。”)”可知，Joe Gilchrist认为枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料，所以路易斯溪谷存在危险。故选B项。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops.(直到19世纪60年代，Secwepemc人还经常在春天和秋天放小火。这些燃烧安全地清除了灌木丛，防止了树冠在树梢之间跳跃的火灾)”和第三段中“Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning.(不列颠哥伦比亚大学教授Lori Daniels将树环上的火灾疤痕与当地口述历史进行了比对，发现了反复低强度燃烧的证据。烟草平原上的一棵树经历了52次火灾，但火灾疤痕环在19世纪定居者禁止传统燃烧后就停止了)”可知，Lori Daniels教授的研究证实了原住民的焚烧是一种曾经有效且规律进行的森林管理实践。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.(2023年，加拿大大火烧毁了超过3700万英亩的土地，释放了大约6.47亿吨二氧化碳)”和“Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point.(更糟糕的是，北方永久冻土层储存着大量的碳；随着全球变暖使其融化，那里的火灾可以持续数月，释放被困数千年的碳，并将地球推向气候临界点)”可知，森林是重要的碳储存库，大规模森林火灾会破坏森林，从而减少森林的碳储存能力。故选D项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.(“自禁止燃烧以来已经100多年了，树木已经过度生长，”他解释道。“枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料。一场大火即将来临。”)”、第二段中“Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops.(直到19世纪60年代，Secwepemc人还经常在春秋两季放火。这些燃烧安全地清除了林下植被，防止了树冠火灾在树梢之间跳跃)”以及最后一段中“As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.”(正如专家Flannigan警告的那样，“我们正在走下坡路。除非我们解决根本原因——我们对化石燃料的依赖——否则变暖和火灾将会加剧。这是无法避免的。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了森林火灾从受控燃烧到特大火灾的演变过程，分析了背后的原因及带来的严重后果。故C项“From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis(从受控燃烧到特大火灾：森林危机)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （本题10分）If there was to be a praise to the frog, it would have to contain one new piece of information: its ability to predict earthquakes. A scientific study has suggested that they escape an area just before such a disaster strikes. The evidence, published yesterday in the Journal of Zoology, centers on a population of breeding (繁殖) frogs in Italy. It seems that, a few years ago, these creatures had escaped from their home five days before an earthquake struck their breeding ground. The frogs’ ability to sense the earthquake is not fully understood, but 96 percent of male frogs escaped and returned a day after the danger had passed. This discovery confused Dr Rachel Grant, who hadn’t intended to learn about frogs’ reactions to earthquakes, but to study the effect of the lunar cycle on them. She now believes that frogs may be able to sense some signs and use them as an early-warning system for earthquakes. Frogs are not the only creatures born with an unusual power to predict natural disasters. In 2004, elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami hit, while bats in Sri Lanka flew around in anxiety before the disaster. While most of these animal warnings have been ignored, there are times when they have been noticed. In 1975, scientists in Haicheng, China, noticed unusual behaviour in the city’s dogs and cats. They demanded the evacuation (撤离) of the city, expecting a major disaster. Their warning came five-and-a-half hours before an earthquake struck, resulting in 2,000 deaths. Without the evacuation, another 150,000 people could have been killed. “There are things we can’t see and sounds we can’t hear. But many animals can. There is a sense called electroperception(电感知) that fish and sharks use to form a picture around them, while dolphins and bats use sonar to find their way around,” says Professor Daniel Mills, an expert in animal behaviour at Lincoln University. 32．(10分)What did Dr Rachel Grant think of the discovery of the frogs’ unusual behaviour? A．Worried. B．Scared. C．Disappointed. D．Unexpected. 33．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By explaining causes. 34．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the earthquake in Haicheng? A．To stress the seriousness of the disaster. B．To show the benefit of noticing animal warnings. C．To describe a successful evacuation in history. D．To praise the government’s timely action. 35．What are Professor Daniel Mills’s words mainly about? A．How animals behave before disasters. B．What his study will focus on next. C．How humans learn about the world. D．Why animals can sense disasters. 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了动物预测自然灾害的能力，特别是青蛙预测地震的能力。 32．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This discovery confused Dr Rachel Grant, who hadn’t intended to learn about frogs’ reactions to earthquakes, but to study the effect of the lunar cycle on them.(这一发现让Rachel Grant博士感到困惑，她原本并非要研究青蛙对地震的反应，而是打算研究月相周期对青蛙的影响。)”可知，Rachel Grant博士觉得青蛙异常行为的这一发现是出乎意料的，故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段“Frogs are not the only creatures born with an unusual power to predict natural disasters. In 2004, elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami hit, while bats in Sri Lanka flew around in anxiety before the disaster.(青蛙并非唯一天生拥有预测自然灾害这种非凡能力的生物。2004年，泰国的大象在海啸来袭前发出巨大声响，而斯里兰卡的蝙蝠在灾难发生前则焦虑地四处乱飞。)”可知，本段作者通过举例2004年泰国的大象和斯里兰卡的蝙蝠的例子来说明。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While most of these animal warnings have been ignored, there are times when they have been noticed. In 1975, scientists in Haicheng, China, noticed unusual behaviour in the city’s dogs and cats. They demanded the evacuation (撤离) of the city, expecting a major disaster. Their warning came five-and-a-half hours before an earthquake struck, resulting in 2,000 deaths. Without the evacuation, another 150,000 people could have been killed.(虽然大多数这类动物发出的预警都被人们忽视了，但有时也会得到重视。1975年，中国海城的科学家注意到该市猫狗行为异常。他们要求疏散全城居民，预计将有重大灾难发生。他们的预警在地震来袭五个半小时前发出，最终地震导致2000人死亡。若没有这次疏散，还会有15万人丧生。)”可推知，作者提到海城地震的目的是为了显示注意动物警告的好处。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are things we can’t see and sounds we can’t hear. But many animals can. There is a sense called electroperception that fish and sharks use to form a picture around them, while dolphins and bats use sonar to find their way around.(有些东西我们看不见，有些声音我们听不到，但许多动物却可以。有一种被称为电感知的能力，鱼类和鲨鱼利用它来感知周围环境、形成周围景象，而海豚和蝙蝠则利用声呐来辨别方向、确定周围环境。)”可推知，Daniel Mills教授的话主要是关于为什么动物能感知灾难。故选D。 （本题12.5分）A dangerous heat wave is sweeping much of the central and eastern United States this week, sending temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度). While many people have heard about the risk of heat stroke, experts say that extreme heat can affect almost every part of your body. 36(12.5分) Watch out for brain fog. Heat can make the brain work slower, which weakens our reaction speed, attention and memory. That can mean performing worse on tests and having trouble concentrating at work. 37 Researchers have observed more road anger episodes and violent crimes occur when temperatures rise. Experts believe your brain might be more focused on staying cool than thinking clearly.Make a plan to stay cool. 38 If you don’t have air-conditioning, it’s smart to take steps like closing the shades, immersing your feet in cold water and wrapping a damp towel with crushed ice around your neck. If you need to go outside, consider carrying an umbrella, and a water bottle with ice. Taking regular breaks indoors can also help prevent heat-related illnesses.Eat your water. Water, milk and coconut water are the best options to maintain fluid intake. Your body gets about 20 percent of its water from food. 39 Experts suggest avoiding the use of your stove during heat waves, making salads and cold soups instead. Avoid alcohol and limit coffee because they can increase fluid loss. 40 Temperature is crucial for good sleep, with experts recommending 65 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Extreme heat can make it harder to fall and stay asleep, leaving you feeling weak. Use air-conditioners and fans, or cool down by taking a cold shower or chilling your pillowcase before going to bed. A．Adjust your exercise routine. B．Cool down before you lie down. C．Beating the heatcan be an all-day challenge. D．Here is what to know, and how to stay safe. E．Dry heat, meanwhile, can slow down sweat production. F．Vegetables are among the foods with highest water content. G．The heat can also make people more annoyed and aggressive. 【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．F 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端热浪对人体多方面的危害(如导致大脑疲劳、情绪波动、脱水及睡眠障碍)，并提供了实用的应对建议(如保持凉爽、补充水分、降温助眠等)。 【详解】36．根据上文“A dangerous heat wave is sweeping much of the central and eastern United States this week, sending temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度). While many people have heard about the risk of heat stroke, experts say that extreme heat can affect almost every part of your body.(本周，一场危险的热浪正席卷美国中部和东部大部分地区，气温高达100华氏度以上。虽然许多人听说过中暑的风险，但专家表示，极端高温会对人体的几乎每一个部位产生影响)”可知，空白处位于首段末尾，需起到承上启下的作用。前文指出“热浪影响全身”，后文说明其危害及应对措施。D选项“这里是一些需要了解的信息和安全建议”概括了下文内容，起到了总领全文的作用。故选D。 37．根据上文“Heat can make the brain work slower, which weakens our reaction speed, attention and memory. That can mean performing worse on tests and having trouble concentrating at work.(高温会使大脑运转速度减慢，从而降低我们的反应速度、注意力和记忆力。这可能会导致我们在考试中表现不佳，以及在工作中难以集中注意力)”以及后文“Researchers have observed more road anger episodes and violent crimes occur when temperatures rise. Experts believe your brain might be more focused on staying cool than thinking clearly.(研究人员发现，气温升高时，道路愤怒事件和暴力犯罪的发生率会增加。专家认为，此时你的大脑可能会更注重保持凉爽，而非清晰地思考问题)”可知，本段主题是“热浪对大脑的影响（产生脑雾、注意力下降）”。后文提到“更容易产生路怒症和暴力犯罪”以及“大脑更专注于降温而非清晰思考”。G选项“高温还会让人更烦躁和具有攻击性”与后文形成递进逻辑关系，且关键词“annoyed and aggressive”与“road anger”“violent crimes”直接呼应。故选G。 38．根据后文“If you don’t have air-conditioning, it’s smart to take steps like closing the shades, immersing your feet in cold water and wrapping a damp towel with crushed ice around your neck. If you need to go outside, consider carrying an umbrella, and a water bottle with ice. Taking regular breaks indoors can also help prevent heat-related illnesses.(如果你家里没有空调，那么采取一些措施是明智之举，比如拉上窗帘、将双脚浸泡在冷水中、把裹有碎冰的湿毛巾围在脖子上。如果需要外出，可以考虑携带一把伞和一个装有冰块的水瓶。在室内定时休息也有助于预防因高温引起的疾病)”可知，本段主题是“制定保持凉爽的计划”，后文列举了具体方法(如：关窗帘、冷水泡脚等)。C选项“战胜高温可能是一项全天的挑战”概括了全段主旨，并自然引出后续解决方案。故选C。 39．根据上文“Water, milk and coconut water are the best options to maintain fluid intake. Your body gets about 20 percent of its water from food.(水、牛奶和椰子水是保持水分摄入的最佳选择。人体约有 20%的水分来自食物)”以及后文“Experts suggest avoiding the use of your stove during heat waves, making salads and cold soups instead. Avoid alcohol and limit coffee because they can increase fluid loss.(专家建议在高温天气里不要使用炉灶，而应制作沙拉和冷汤。还要避免饮酒，并限制咖啡的摄入量，因为这些饮品会增加体液流失)”可知，本段聚焦“通过食物补水”。前文强调“食物可为身体提供20％的水”，后文建议“避免开火，做沙拉和冷汤”。F选项“蔬菜是含水量最高的食物之一”既承接了上文的观点，又为后文提供了依据，形成了逻辑闭环。故选F。 40．根据后文“Temperature is crucial for good sleep, with experts recommending 65 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Extreme heat can make it harder to fall and stay asleep, leaving you feeling weak. Use air-conditioners and fans, or cool down by taking a cold shower or chilling your pillowcase before going to bed.(适宜的温度对于良好的睡眠至关重要，专家建议室温保持在65至68华氏度之间。过热的环境会使得入睡和保持睡眠状态变得更加困难，还会让你感到疲倦。可以使用空调和风扇，或者在睡前冲个冷水澡、给枕套降温来降低室温)”可知，本段讨论高温对睡眠的影响及降温方法。B选项“躺下前先降温”直接点明本段大意，且与后文“冷水澡、冰枕头”等具体措施形成呼应。故选B。 三、完形填空 On a holiday weekend, Scott Ruskan’s rescue team received an urgent call: floodwaters had hit banks of the Guadalupe River in Texas, 41 a girls’ summer camp. Scott, who had completed rescue swimmer training just six months earlier, 42 joined the mission. Bad weather made the operation 43 . It took four attempts for their plane to land. From the air, Scott saw a large group of young campers 44 below, awaiting help. Though nervous, he felt 45 to save them. “They didn’t know who I was — just that I was there to help,” Scott said, “I had to 46 that trust.” Once on the ground, he 47 tirelessly for hours, focusing first on the youngest and most injured campers. With poor communication and no 48 help, Scott relied on his Coast Guard training. He 49 165 campers in small groups to the plane, which airlifted them to 50 . Although many called him a hero, Scott remained 51 . He praised the campers and counselors for staying brave under 52 , saying their courage made him a better 53 . Scott Ruskan and the other responders are true heroes. Their 54 shows the importance of preparation, courage, and selflessness. Through hard training and a 55 to help, they made a lifesaving difference. 41．(0分)A．destroying B．threatening C．visiting D．disturbing 42．A．eventually B．joyfully C．definitely D．immediately 43．A．difficult B．strange C．memorable D．convenient 44．A．seated B．abandoned C．trapped D．positioned 45．A．concerned B．discouraged C．experienced D．determined 46．A．live up to B．make use of C．put up with D．stand up for 47．A．investigated B．explored C．worked D．searched 48．A．professional B．outside C．immediate D．additional 49．A．carried B．sent C．guided D．flew 50．A．campsites B．freedom C．distance D．safety 51．A．humble B．proud C．silent D．hesitant 52．A．darkness B．pressure C．flood D．protection 53．A．pilot B．leader C．rescuer D．guardian 54．A．story B．lesson C．encounter D．adventure 55．A．opportunity B．effort C．permission D．willingness 【答案】 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．D 46．A 47．C 48．B 49．C 50．D 51．A 52．B 53．C 54．A 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Scott Ruskan的救援队在假日周末接到紧急呼叫，前往德克萨斯州瓜达卢佩河救助被洪水威胁的夏令营女孩们，最终成功救援165名营员的故事。 【详解】41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：假日周末，Scott Ruskan的救援队接到紧急呼叫：德克萨斯州瓜达卢佩河沿岸遭遇洪水，威胁到一个女孩夏令营。A. destroying破坏；B. threatening威胁；C. visiting参观；D. disturbing打扰。根据前文“floodwaters had hit banks of the Guadalupe River in Texas”可知，洪水冲垮河岸，这对夏令营造成威胁，故选B项。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：六个月前刚完成救援游泳训练的Scott立即加入了任务。A. eventually最终；B. joyfully快乐地；C. definitely肯定地；D. immediately立即。根据前文“Scott Ruskan’s rescue team received an urgent call”可知，救援任务紧急，Scott应是立即加入，故选D项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恶劣天气使行动变得困难。A. difficult困难的；B. strange奇怪的；C. memorable难忘的；D. convenient方便的。根据前文“Bad weather made the operation”和后文“It took four attempts for their plane to land”可知，飞机尝试了四次才着陆，可见恶劣天气让行动困难，故选A项。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从空中，Scott看到一大群年轻营员被困在下方，等待救援。A. seated坐着的；B. abandoned被抛弃的；C. trapped被困的；D. positioned位于。根据前文“floodwaters had hit banks”和后文“awaiting help”可知，营员在洪水中等待救援，说明营员是被困住，故选C项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然紧张，但他决心拯救他们。A. concerned关心的；B. discouraged气馁的；C. experienced有经验的；D. determined下定决心的。根据前文“Though nervous”和后文“He ____ 165 campers in small groups to the plane”救援行动的展开可知，虽然紧张，但他下定决心要去拯救被困营员，故选D项。 46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“他们不知道我是谁——只知道我是来帮忙的，”Scott说，“我必须不辜负这份信任。”A. live up to不辜负；B. make use of利用；C. put up with忍受；D. stand up for支持。根据前文“They didn’t know who I was — just that I was there to help”可推知，营员信任他是来帮忙的，因此他要不辜负这份信任，故选A项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦落地，他不知疲倦地工作了几个小时，首先专注于最年幼和受伤最严重的营员。A. investigated调查；B. explored探索；C. worked工作；D. searched寻找。根据后文“tirelessly for hours, focusing first on the youngest and most injured campers”可知，他落地后一直在开展救援相关工作，故选C项。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于通讯不畅且没有外部帮助，Scott只能依靠他的海岸警卫队训练。A. professional专业的；B. outside外部的；C. immediate立即的；D. additional额外的。根据前文“With poor communication”可推知，通讯不畅，没有来自外部的帮助，故选B项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他分批引导165名营员前往飞机，飞机将他们空运到安全地带。A. carried携带；B. sent发送；C. guided引导；D. flew飞行。根据后文“165 campers in small groups to the plane”可知，他要引导被困营员前往飞机，故选C项。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他分批引导165名营员前往飞机，飞机将他们空运到安全地带。A. campsites营地；B. freedom自由；C. distance距离；D. safety安全。根据前文“floodwaters had hit banks”和“awaiting help”可知，飞机的目的是将被困营员从危险地带送到安全地带，故选D项。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多人称他为英雄，但Scott仍然很谦逊。A. humble谦逊的；B. proud骄傲的；C. silent沉默的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据前文“Although many called him a hero,”和后文“He praised the campers and counselors”可知，他不居功，还赞扬他人，可见他很谦逊，故选A项。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他赞扬营员和辅导员在压力下保持勇敢，说他们的勇气让他成为了更好的救援人员。A. darkness黑暗；B. pressure压力；C. flood洪水；D. protection保护。根据前文“floodwaters had hit banks”和前文“a large group of young campers ____ below, awaiting help”可知，在洪水被困的场景下，营员和辅导员处于巨大压力之下，故选B项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他赞扬营员和辅导员在压力下保持勇敢，说他们的勇气让他成为了更好的救援人员。A. pilot飞行员；B. leader领导者；C. rescuer救援人员；D. guardian守护者。根据前文“Scott Ruskan’s rescue team”和“Scott, who had completed rescue swimmer training”可知，Scott的身份是救援队成员，因此他是救援人员，故选C项。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的故事展示了准备、勇气和无私的重要性。A. story故事；B. lesson教训；C. encounter遭遇；D. adventure冒险。根据前文讲述的Scott接到紧急呼叫、开展救援、成功救出165名营员的经历可知，这是一个救援故事，故选A项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过艰苦的训练和帮助他人的意愿，他们做出了拯救生命的改变。A. opportunity机会；B. effort努力；C. permission允许；D. willingness意愿。根据前文“Scott, who had completed rescue swimmer training just six months earlier, ____ joined the mission”和“he felt ____ to save them”可知，Scott主动参与救援、坚定拯救营员，可见他有帮助他人的意愿，故选D项。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A volcanic eruption has struck the south of Iceland’s capital Reykjavik, sending smoke 56(15分) (cloud) over the area famous for its wide lava (岩浆) fields and volcanoes. Scientists had warned of a possible eruption, since hundreds of small earthquakes had been recorded in recent weeks. The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) stated the eruption started on Monday, 57 no disruption (中断) has been reported at the nearby Airport. Since the eruption 58 (happen) in an unpopulated area, there are no immediate risks to communities or buildings. However, the IMO warned people not to approach the area, due to 59 (dangerous) high levels of volcanic gases. It added that the wind would carry some gases north, possibly 60 (affect) several areas including Reykjavik. The local destination management office also issued (发布) a gas 61 (warn) on Monday. In a statement, it said the local police chief demanded that all paths to the volcano should be kept 62 (close) after talking with scientists due to heavy gas pollution 63 is life-threatening. Authorities are working to reopen access once 64 pollution died down. Days earlier, the management office had warned hikers in the region to be careful, noting that recent earthquake activity was similar 65 the lead-up to another volcanic eruption last year. 【答案】 56．clouds 57．but/yet 58．happened 59．dangerously 60．affecting 61．warning 62．closed 63．that/which 64．the 65．to 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了冰岛首都雷克雅未克南部发生火山喷发，相关部门已发布警告、采取管控措施，且此次喷发暂未对人员和建筑造成直接威胁，但存在火山气体污染风险。 【详解】56．考查名词复数。句意：冰岛首都雷克雅未克南部发生火山喷发，滚滚烟雾笼罩了这片以广袤的熔岩地带和火山而闻名的地区。此处作sending宾语，cloud“云状物，(烟尘) 团”为可数名词，smoke cloud是固定搭配，意为“浓烟团、烟云”，此处表复数概念，用名词复数形式。故填clouds。 57．考查连词。句意：冰岛气象局（IMO）表示，此次火山喷发于周一爆发，但目前尚未有附近机场运行中断的报告。此空连接两个并列分句，上下文之间为转折关系，应用并列连词but或yet。故填but或yet。 58．考查动词时态。句意：由于这次火山喷发发生在无人居住的地区，因此目前对周边社区和建筑物没有直接的危险。happen为不及物动词，在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，结合上文“The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) stated the eruption started on Monday”可知，从句陈述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时态。故填happened。 59．考查副词。句意：然而，冰岛气象局警告民众不要靠近该区域，因为火山气体浓度极高，存在危险。修饰形容词high，应用副词dangerously“危险地”，作状语。故填dangerously。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，该局还表示，风会将部分气体吹向北方，可能会影响到包括雷克雅未克在内的多个地区。affect在句中作非谓语动词，上文陈述的内容“the wind would carry some gases north”与动词affect构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用在分词，表主动，作状语。故填affecting。 61．考查名词。句意：当地目的地管理办公室也在周一发布了气体警报。此处作动词issued宾语，应用名词warning“警告；警报”，为可数名词，不定冠词a提示用名词单数形式。故填warning。 62．考查形容词。句意：该办公室在一份声明中表示，当地警察局长在与科学家沟通后要求，由于存在致命的严重气体污染，通往火山的所有道路应保持关闭状态。此处修饰从句主语all paths to the volcano，应用形容词closed“封闭的，关闭”，作主语补足语，表示“通往火山的道路必须保持封闭状态”。故填closed。 63．考查定语从句。句意：该办公室在一份声明中表示，当地警察局长在与科学家沟通后要求，由于存在致命的严重气体污染，通往火山的所有道路应保持关闭状态。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是heavy gas pollution，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 64．考查冠词。句意：当局将在污染消散后努力重新开放通道。此处特指前文所提到的“heavy gas pollution”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 65．考查介词。句意：几天前，管理办公室曾提醒该地区的徒步旅行者要小心，他们指出近期的地震活动与去年另一场火山喷发前的情况颇为相似。固定搭配be similar to“与……类似，相似”，to是介词。故填to。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）上周五你校组织学生去自然灾害体验馆参加了一次活动，学生们戴上VR眼镜，如临其境地体验了各种自然灾害。请你为校微信公众号写一篇英文新闻稿，内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程；3. 活动反响。 提示词：自然灾害体验馆（Natural Disaster Experience Hall） 注意：写作词数应为120左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 To help students learn more about natural disasters, our school organized an activity in the Natural Disaster Experience Hall last Friday. During the activity, students learned some basic ways to deal with different natural disasters. They were also exposed to VR environment where they deeply felt the strength and danger of natural disasters. Compared to the knowledge they had learned in class, what they experienced in person was more practical and impressive. Undoubtedly, the students had their survival skills boosted and they were deeply convinced of the importance of staying in harmony with nature. This activity turned out an enormous success and all the participants spoke highly of it. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生就学校组织的自然灾害体验馆参观活动，给校微信公众号写一篇英文新闻稿，应首先点明活动目的，再详述活动过程，最后总结活动反响。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 基础的：basic→fundamental, primary 处理：deal with→cope with, manage, tackle 体会：feel→experience, undergo 赞扬：speak highly of→commend, applaud, compliment 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To help students learn more about natural disasters, our school organized an activity in the Natural Disaster Experience Hall last Friday. 拓展句：Our school organized an activity in the Natural Disaster Experience Hall last Friday so that students could learn more about natural disasters. 【点睛】[高分句型1] They were also exposed to VR environment where they deeply felt the strength and danger of natural disasters. (运用了where引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Compared to the knowledge they had learned in class, what they experienced in person was more practical and impressive. (运用了过去分词Compared作状语、which或that引导限制性定语从句并被省略、what引导主语从句) 六、书面表达 67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Our class had just finished a tough round of monthly exams. For weeks, we had been buried in endless exams, piles of homework and tight study schedules, which left us exhausted both physically and mentally. Longing for a thorough break to escape the stressful school life, my best friend Jack and I were desperate to relax. “Let’s climb the mountain near the city this weekend!” Jack suggested excitedly. I agreed at once without hesitation. We both eagerly looked forward to the refreshing trip and made a firm promise to each other, “No giving up halfway, whatever happens.” Early in the morning, we set off in high spirits. The weather was absolutely gorgeous, with bright golden sunshine streaming down and soft gentle wind brushing our faces gently. Walking along the quiet, winding mountain path, we chatted happily about our colorful school life, shared funny daily anecdotes and burst into laughter from time to time. The whole mountain was covered with thick lush green plants, and delicate wild flowers of various colors dotted both sides of the path, bringing us great joy and total relaxation. However, just as we were fully enjoying the pleasant scenery, the weather changed subtly halfway up the mountain. Thin dark clouds slowly covered the clear blue sky, and soon a soft light drizzle began to fall quietly. The fine rain was not fierce at all, yet it gradually moistened the rough stone path and made it slightly slippery. Totally absorbed in the unique misty mountain scenery, I neglected my footsteps carelessly. Suddenly, I stepped on a smooth wet stone, stumbled clumsily and fell down by the roadside. My knee was slightly scraped and ached faintly, but fortunately, I suffered no serious injury. Though the pain was totally bearable, this unexpected fall instantly ruined my wonderful mood. Staring at the endless twisting path ahead and the lingering drizzle, I sighed disappointedly and whispered helplessly, “It’s raining and the path is too tough. Maybe we should just turn back and go home.” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hearing my frustrated words, Jack hurried over to check my injury, his eyes full of concern. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We kept climbing patiently, encouraging each other all the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Hearing my frustrated words, Jack hurried over to check my injury, his eyes full of concern. “Are you okay?” he asked softly. After examining my knee, he smiled in relief, “It’s just a minor scrape! It’s far from serious.” He patted the dirt off my clothes and reminded me earnestly, “We promised each other no giving up halfway. Don’t let this small trouble defeat us!” His warm and encouraging words instantly cheered me up. I shook off my negative mood and nodded firmly. Despite the continuous light drizzle, I no longer felt discouraged. With Jack’s company and support, I stood up and kept climbing forward bravely with him. We kept climbing patiently, encouraging each other all the way. Gradually, the fine drizzle ceased and dark clouds rolled away. The bright sun broke through the clouds, lighting up the entire mountain. We eventually reached the peak, bathed in warm sunshine. Overlooking the breathtaking scenery, I sighed with amazement. “It’s all worth it!” I said excitedly. Jack smiled and replied, “Persistence always pays off.” I expressed my sincere gratitude to him for motivating me. This unforgettable experience made me realize that only with perseverance and true friendship can we embrace sunshine and wonderful scenery after hardships. 【导语】本文讲述了月考结束后，作者和好友杰克相约爬山放松。起初天气晴好、景色宜人，中途却突降小雨，山路湿滑，作者不慎摔倒，心生退意。在好友的鼓励与陪伴下，他重拾信心坚持登顶。雨过天晴，二人饱览美景，作者也领悟到坚持可贵、友谊珍贵的道理。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写杰克关心和鼓励作者，作者不再沮丧。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写雨过天晴，二人饱览美景，作者也领悟到坚持可贵、友谊珍贵的道理。 2.续写线索：杰克关心→作者重拾信心→登顶→饱览美景→感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①停止：cease/come to a stop ②使高兴：cheer sb. up/brighten sb. up 情绪类 ①沮丧的：discouraged/upset ②勇敢地：bravely/courageously 【点睛】[高分句型1] After examining my knee, he smiled in relief, “It’s just a minor scrape! It’s far from serious.”（运用了动名词作宾语） [高分句型2] This unforgettable experience made me realize that only with perseverance and true friendship can we embrace sunshine and wonderful scenery after hardships.（运用了that引导宾语从句、“only+状语”位于句首的部分倒装结构） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 4 Natural Disasters（较难版02） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Why does the man make the call? A．To change an appointment. B．To ask about work. C．To arrange a trip. 2．（本题1.5分）What was damaged in the storm? A．The car. B．The roof. C．A window. 3．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A house. B．A storm. C．An accident. 4．（本题1.5分）How does the man feel about the speech? A．Boring. B．Interesting. C．Inspiring. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．At home. B．At a hospital. C．At a drug store. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(3分)Where is the typhoon expected to come from? A．The mainland. B．The western Pacific. C．The man’s city. 7．When is the typhoon likely to come to the speakers’ city? A．Tomorrow morning. B．Today. C．Tomorrow evening. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(3分)How did the woman know the news? A．On TV. B．On the Internet. C．In a newspaper. 9．Where is the woman’s uncle staying now? A．At home. B．At a friend’s house. C．At a public shelter. 10．How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A．Relieved. B．Worried. C．Surprised. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(4.5分)How high was the Seine River in 1910? A．Around 5 feet high. B．Around 20 feet high. C．Around 28 feet high. 12．What had to get moved to higher floors? A．Many residents. B．Artworks. C．Power equipment. 13．What does the woman want to see the most? A．The Louvre. B．The Eiffel Tower. C．The Musée d’Orsay. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(6分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Husband and wife. B．Boss and worker. C．Teacher and student. 15．What is the woman's attitude towards Mark? A．She feels nervous. B．She trusts him a lot. C．She is disappointed in him. 16．Why does the man believe in Mark? A．Because Mark is an adult. B．Because Mark is smart enough. C．Because Mark has had special training. 17．What will the speakers do for Mark? A．Tell him their experience. B．Design an emergency drill. C．Help him out of the emergency. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(6分)What threatens this city most? A．Wildfires. B．Storms. C．Floods. 19．What was the original purpose of the exhibition? A．To get money donations. B．To grow community art programs. C．To teach others about local issues. 20．What will the speaker do next? A．Invite others to speak. B．Share more local artworks. C．Present information on disasters. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Natural Disasters Big waves, huge eruptions and ice-cold winds-these are just a few things that happen naturally and can quickly turn into a disaster! Understanding these disasters can help us stay safe and prepared. Let’s explore some of these natural disasters! Volcanic Eruption Think about a mountain with an opening at the top through which hot molten (熔化的) rock, gas, steam, and ash burst (爆发). That’s a volcanic eruption! People living close to volcanoes must always be prepared in case of an eruption. This is so they can get away and stay safe from hot lava running down it. Volcanic eruptions can also help to make new land if it happens under the sea. Tsunami Have you ever been to the beach and seen really big waves? Now think about those waves being up to 20 times bigger-that is how big tsunami’s waves can be! These waves are caused by an earthquake that happens under the sea. They are very fast and strong and can wash people and buildings away. Blizzards A blizzard is a weather event that includes low temperatures, strong winds and heavy snowfall. These weather conditions result in car accidents and people on foot can get lost. Additionally, these colder temperatures put people at risk of frostbite or hypothermia. Droughts When it does not rain for a very very long time, it can cause a drought. In some areas, the soil becomes very dry and even the plants do not have water. This is bad because all living things like plants, people and animals need water to live. Nature is full of interesting things, and learning about them means we can be prepared if we find ourselves in one of them. 21．(7.5分)What is a volcanic eruption? A．A mountain covered in deep snow. B．A burst of lava from a mountain. C．An earthquake happening under the sea. D．A land newly formed by molten rocks. 22．What can we learn about blizzards? A．They wash people and buildings away. B．They cause damaging droughts. C．They make it hard for people to go around. D．They involve dramatically big waves. 23．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce. B．To comment. C．To debate. D．To record. As a child growing up in Albuquerque, Adeline Murthy spent countless afternoons walking through the bush, the cottonwood forest that lines the Rio Grande. “I studied biology because of the experiences in the natural world around the Rio Grande,” she says. Today, she channels that early love into her work as a planner for Santa Fe County, where she helps protect and restore open spaces along the river. But Adeline doesn’t just rely on maps and models; she listens to the community, to the locals. In Santa Fe County, Adeline has led wetland restoration efforts that improve water flow and soil health and make space for life to return. Input from the surrounding community plays a role. Besides, when there are tools like a flow device — a pipe fixed through a beaver (河狸) dam that controls water levels to prevent flooding while allowing beavers to stay — and protective cages for trees which stop greedy beavers, strife between humans and nature’s ecosystem can be avoided. For Adeline, freshwater restoration is not judged merely by engineering figures such as the flow volume or the degree to which water quality has improved. Her highest priority is the way that reappearing animals and people share the restored landscape: cranes (鹤) feeding in the shallows, beavers rebuilding homes, and at the same time, local families walking, fishing or simply enjoying the riverbank alongside them. Beavers and humans sharing space requires ongoing work and continuous adaptation. When beavers live in human inhabited areas, there might be issues with human infrastructure (基础设施) that requires adaptation and management. It’s not always simple, but there have been payoffs. “We had an amazing experience in 2022 where we spotted fireflies here for the first time in decades,” Adeline recalls. 24．(0分)Why did Adeline study biology? A．Because of the lost open spaces. B．Because of the ruined Rio Grande. C．Because of her passion for nature. D．Because of her role in the community. 25．What does the underlined word “strife” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Difference. B．Harmony. C．Competition. D．Conflict. 26．What does Adeline value most to assess freshwater restoration? A．The appearance of rare species. B．The water-quality improvement. C．The volume of the freshwater flow. D．The human-wildlife coexistence. 27．What does the return of fireflies symbolize? A．The recovery of human habitats. B．The importance of wild animals. C．The positive impact of restoration. D．The completion of Adeline’s work. （本题10分）The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs (花旗松), but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. “Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.” Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops. “Megafires (特大火灾) just weren’t possible, because the forest itself was biodiverse,” says Gilchrist. “It wasn’t a single-species stand of trees that are too close together, too over-aged, and with lots of fuel on the ground.” This practice was common across pre-Columbian Americas. European settlers described it in diaries as wasteful but now, experts see that they knew what they were doing. Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning. “After World War II, fire control technology improved, but forests became weaker as fuel collected.65%-85% of today’s trees grew after native burning stopped,” says Daniels. “The thick forests we see exist because fires were controlled for decades.” Now, climate change has created a terrifying new normal. Hotter temperatures, drier conditions, and increased fuel have turned northern forests into fire traps. In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Some forests may never recover, and repeated big fires could turn them into grasslands. Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point. As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.” 28．(10分)Why does Joe Gilchrist see danger first in the Louis Creek Valley? A．Forests are being cut down. B．Too much fire fuel exists. C．Climate becomes extremely dry. D．Dead trees are not cleared timely. 29．What does Professor Lori Daniels’s research demonstrate? A．Native burning was randomly arranged. B．Native burning burnt down most of the forests. C．Native burning was once an effective practice. D．Native burning was recorded by European settlers. 30．Which is a mentioned consequence of large-scale forest fires? A．Balance of climate system. B．Control of fuel accumulation. C．Melting of permanent frozen soil. D．Reduction of forests’ carbon storage. 31．Which is the best title for the text? A．Native Wisdom: Key to Preventing Forest Fires B．Climate Change: Root of All Forest Disasters C．From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis D．Fire Control Technology: A Solution to Forest Fires （本题10分）If there was to be a praise to the frog, it would have to contain one new piece of information: its ability to predict earthquakes. A scientific study has suggested that they escape an area just before such a disaster strikes. The evidence, published yesterday in the Journal of Zoology, centers on a population of breeding (繁殖) frogs in Italy. It seems that, a few years ago, these creatures had escaped from their home five days before an earthquake struck their breeding ground. The frogs’ ability to sense the earthquake is not fully understood, but 96 percent of male frogs escaped and returned a day after the danger had passed. This discovery confused Dr Rachel Grant, who hadn’t intended to learn about frogs’ reactions to earthquakes, but to study the effect of the lunar cycle on them. She now believes that frogs may be able to sense some signs and use them as an early-warning system for earthquakes. Frogs are not the only creatures born with an unusual power to predict natural disasters. In 2004, elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami hit, while bats in Sri Lanka flew around in anxiety before the disaster. While most of these animal warnings have been ignored, there are times when they have been noticed. In 1975, scientists in Haicheng, China, noticed unusual behaviour in the city’s dogs and cats. They demanded the evacuation (撤离) of the city, expecting a major disaster. Their warning came five-and-a-half hours before an earthquake struck, resulting in 2,000 deaths. Without the evacuation, another 150,000 people could have been killed. “There are things we can’t see and sounds we can’t hear. But many animals can. There is a sense called electroperception(电感知) that fish and sharks use to form a picture around them, while dolphins and bats use sonar to find their way around,” says Professor Daniel Mills, an expert in animal behaviour at Lincoln University. 32．(10分)What did Dr Rachel Grant think of the discovery of the frogs’ unusual behaviour? A．Worried. B．Scared. C．Disappointed. D．Unexpected. 33．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By explaining causes. 34．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the earthquake in Haicheng? A．To stress the seriousness of the disaster. B．To show the benefit of noticing animal warnings. C．To describe a successful evacuation in history. D．To praise the government’s timely action. 35．What are Professor Daniel Mills’s words mainly about? A．How animals behave before disasters. B．What his study will focus on next. C．How humans learn about the world. D．Why animals can sense disasters. （本题12.5分）A dangerous heat wave is sweeping much of the central and eastern United States this week, sending temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度). While many people have heard about the risk of heat stroke, experts say that extreme heat can affect almost every part of your body. 36(12.5分) Watch out for brain fog. Heat can make the brain work slower, which weakens our reaction speed, attention and memory. That can mean performing worse on tests and having trouble concentrating at work. 37 Researchers have observed more road anger episodes and violent crimes occur when temperatures rise. Experts believe your brain might be more focused on staying cool than thinking clearly.Make a plan to stay cool. 38 If you don’t have air-conditioning, it’s smart to take steps like closing the shades, immersing your feet in cold water and wrapping a damp towel with crushed ice around your neck. If you need to go outside, consider carrying an umbrella, and a water bottle with ice. Taking regular breaks indoors can also help prevent heat-related illnesses.Eat your water. Water, milk and coconut water are the best options to maintain fluid intake. Your body gets about 20 percent of its water from food. 39 Experts suggest avoiding the use of your stove during heat waves, making salads and cold soups instead. Avoid alcohol and limit coffee because they can increase fluid loss. 40 Temperature is crucial for good sleep, with experts recommending 65 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Extreme heat can make it harder to fall and stay asleep, leaving you feeling weak. Use air-conditioners and fans, or cool down by taking a cold shower or chilling your pillowcase before going to bed. A．Adjust your exercise routine. B．Cool down before you lie down. C．Beating the heatcan be an all-day challenge. D．Here is what to know, and how to stay safe. E．Dry heat, meanwhile, can slow down sweat production. F．Vegetables are among the foods with highest water content. G．The heat can also make people more annoyed and aggressive. 三、完形填空 On a holiday weekend, Scott Ruskan’s rescue team received an urgent call: floodwaters had hit banks of the Guadalupe River in Texas, 41 a girls’ summer camp. Scott, who had completed rescue swimmer training just six months earlier, 42 joined the mission. Bad weather made the operation 43 . It took four attempts for their plane to land. From the air, Scott saw a large group of young campers 44 below, awaiting help. Though nervous, he felt 45 to save them. “They didn’t know who I was — just that I was there to help,” Scott said, “I had to 46 that trust.” Once on the ground, he 47 tirelessly for hours, focusing first on the youngest and most injured campers. With poor communication and no 48 help, Scott relied on his Coast Guard training. He 49 165 campers in small groups to the plane, which airlifted them to 50 . Although many called him a hero, Scott remained 51 . He praised the campers and counselors for staying brave under 52 , saying their courage made him a better 53 . Scott Ruskan and the other responders are true heroes. Their 54 shows the importance of preparation, courage, and selflessness. Through hard training and a 55 to help, they made a lifesaving difference. 41．(0分)A．destroying B．threatening C．visiting D．disturbing 42．A．eventually B．joyfully C．definitely D．immediately 43．A．difficult B．strange C．memorable D．convenient 44．A．seated B．abandoned C．trapped D．positioned 45．A．concerned B．discouraged C．experienced D．determined 46．A．live up to B．make use of C．put up with D．stand up for 47．A．investigated B．explored C．worked D．searched 48．A．professional B．outside C．immediate D．additional 49．A．carried B．sent C．guided D．flew 50．A．campsites B．freedom C．distance D．safety 51．A．humble B．proud C．silent D．hesitant 52．A．darkness B．pressure C．flood D．protection 53．A．pilot B．leader C．rescuer D．guardian 54．A．story B．lesson C．encounter D．adventure 55．A．opportunity B．effort C．permission D．willingness 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A volcanic eruption has struck the south of Iceland’s capital Reykjavik, sending smoke 56(15分) (cloud) over the area famous for its wide lava (岩浆) fields and volcanoes. Scientists had warned of a possible eruption, since hundreds of small earthquakes had been recorded in recent weeks. The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) stated the eruption started on Monday, 57 no disruption (中断) has been reported at the nearby Airport. Since the eruption 58 (happen) in an unpopulated area, there are no immediate risks to communities or buildings. However, the IMO warned people not to approach the area, due to 59 (dangerous) high levels of volcanic gases. It added that the wind would carry some gases north, possibly 60 (affect) several areas including Reykjavik. The local destination management office also issued (发布) a gas 61 (warn) on Monday. In a statement, it said the local police chief demanded that all paths to the volcano should be kept 62 (close) after talking with scientists due to heavy gas pollution 63 is life-threatening. Authorities are working to reopen access once 64 pollution died down. Days earlier, the management office had warned hikers in the region to be careful, noting that recent earthquake activity was similar 65 the lead-up to another volcanic eruption last year. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）上周五你校组织学生去自然灾害体验馆参加了一次活动，学生们戴上VR眼镜，如临其境地体验了各种自然灾害。请你为校微信公众号写一篇英文新闻稿，内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程；3. 活动反响。 提示词：自然灾害体验馆（Natural Disaster Experience Hall） 注意：写作词数应为120左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Our class had just finished a tough round of monthly exams. For weeks, we had been buried in endless exams, piles of homework and tight study schedules, which left us exhausted both physically and mentally. Longing for a thorough break to escape the stressful school life, my best friend Jack and I were desperate to relax. “Let’s climb the mountain near the city this weekend!” Jack suggested excitedly. I agreed at once without hesitation. We both eagerly looked forward to the refreshing trip and made a firm promise to each other, “No giving up halfway, whatever happens.” Early in the morning, we set off in high spirits. The weather was absolutely gorgeous, with bright golden sunshine streaming down and soft gentle wind brushing our faces gently. Walking along the quiet, winding mountain path, we chatted happily about our colorful school life, shared funny daily anecdotes and burst into laughter from time to time. The whole mountain was covered with thick lush green plants, and delicate wild flowers of various colors dotted both sides of the path, bringing us great joy and total relaxation. However, just as we were fully enjoying the pleasant scenery, the weather changed subtly halfway up the mountain. Thin dark clouds slowly covered the clear blue sky, and soon a soft light drizzle began to fall quietly. The fine rain was not fierce at all, yet it gradually moistened the rough stone path and made it slightly slippery. Totally absorbed in the unique misty mountain scenery, I neglected my footsteps carelessly. Suddenly, I stepped on a smooth wet stone, stumbled clumsily and fell down by the roadside. My knee was slightly scraped and ached faintly, but fortunately, I suffered no serious injury. Though the pain was totally bearable, this unexpected fall instantly ruined my wonderful mood. Staring at the endless twisting path ahead and the lingering drizzle, I sighed disappointedly and whispered helplessly, “It’s raining and the path is too tough. Maybe we should just turn back and go home.” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hearing my frustrated words, Jack hurried over to check my injury, his eyes full of concern. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We kept climbing patiently, encouraging each other all the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $