高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 4 Natural Disasters（较难版01）

高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 4 Natural Disasters（较难版01）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）When did the fire happen? A．Thirty minutes ago. B．Forty minutes ago. C．Sixty minutes ago. 【答案】A 【原文】W: There was a fire half an hour ago. M: Luckily nobody got hurt in it. 2．（本题1.5分）What was damaged in the storm? A．The car. B．The roof. C．A window. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Was your roof all right after the storm? I saw a workman there today. W: That wasn’t a problem. The workman was putting some new glass in an upstairs window. It was broken by a tree branch. Luckily it didn’t damage my car. 3．（本题1.5分）Why does the man make the call? A．To change an appointment. B．To ask about work. C．To arrange a trip. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Hi Mary, I’m on the train for a business trip. I won’t be able to meet you in town this afternoon. I’m afraid I have to work late. Really sorry. W: That’s Okay Mike, let’s arrange something for next week. 4．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．At home. B．At a hospital. C．At a drug store. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Excuse me, I’m looking for something for a stomachache. W: I see, sir. How long have you had this problem? M: For a few days. W:You could try this medicine. It may help. But I think you should see a doctor. 5．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A house. B．A storm. C．An accident. 【答案】B 【原文】W: We moved out before it reached this area. When we returned, I found there was water everywhere, even in my bedroom. M: It was really scary. The roof of my house was blown away by the wind. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(3分)Which state was the coldest last year? A．Florida. B．California. C．Illinois. 7．How does climate affect hurricanes according to the scientists? A．It causes more of them to happen. B．It makes them more powerful. C．It has no effect on them at all. 【答案】6．C 7．B 【原文】M: It's crazy to think that some people don't believe in climate change. W: I know. There were record high temperatures in California last year. Florida suffered from the heat and was always hit with more heavy hurricanes, while Illinois was experiencing freezing temperatures. M: I heard someone say the climate can't be warming, because there are still places with extremely low temperatures. Is that true? W: Perhaps they are confusing weather and climate. Weather is measured over a short period of time, and climate is the measure of longterm temperature patterns. And our climate is experiencing higher and higher averages in temperature every year. M: Do you think this rise in temperature directly affects forest fires, hurricanes, and snowstorms? W: Scientists believe so. As of now, they can't say if it actually causes more hurricanes, but they are certain it affects their power. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(3分)How did the woman know the news? A．On TV. B．On the Internet. C．In a newspaper. 9．Where is the woman’s uncle staying now? A．At home. B．At a friend’s house. C．At a public shelter. 10．How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A．Relieved. B．Worried. C．Surprised. 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 【原文】M: Hey, Hillary. Have you watched the news about Guatemala on television? W: Are you talking about the hurricane? I read it on a website this morning. M: Yeah. It looked terrible, right? W: Really terrible. Actually, my uncle lives in Guatemala. We talked to him as soon as we heard of that, and his house was destroyed! M: Oh, no! Is he OK? W: Yeah, luckily, he didn’t get hurt. He heard on the news that a storm was coming, so he went to a public storm shelter. M: I am happy he is OK. That is awful about his house though. What is he going to do? W: He is at a friend’s house now, and he will fix his house as soon as possible. M: Well, that is good news. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(4.5分)How high was the Seine River in 1910? A．Around 5 feet high. B．Around 20 feet high. C．Around 28 feet high. 12．What had to get moved to higher floors? A．Many residents. B．Artworks. C．Power equipment. 13．What does the woman want to see the most? A．The Louvre. B．The Eiffel Tower. C．The Musée d’Orsay. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．C 【原文】M: I’m worried about our trip to Paris next week. W: Why? M: There has been heavy rain that has lifted the Seine River to about 20 feet, its highest level since 1982. It actually reached 28.2 feet in 1910, if you can believe it... It is normally only 5 feet high. Workers have said that the river won’t go back to its original level for another week or two. W: Do you think the ground beneath the Eiffel Tower is flooded? M: It is. I saw a photo of it. W: We won’t even be able to walk around and see the city! M: I think we can still walk around. We just have to bring rain boots so our feet don’t get wet or muddy. Many buildings don’t have power, and I read that staff at the Louvre Museum had to move all the artworks to higher floors. It’s still closed to visitors. W: I hope we can at least see the Musée d’Orsay. That’s my favorite museum in the world. M: That’s closed, too. W: Oh no! （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(6分)What damage has Hurricane Dorian caused on the islands? A．At least five deaths. B．Thousands of injuries. C．Missing of many people. 15．What problem do people on the islands face now? A．They lack food and drinkable water. B．They cannot receive good treatments. C．They are not provided with sheltering. 16．What category was Hurricane Dorian on Tuesday? A．Category 2. B．Category 3. C．Category 5. 17．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Classmates. C．Teacher and student. 【答案】14．A 15．A 16．A 17．B 【原文】W: It's time for break. Hey, what are you doing, Tom? M: I'm reading about Hurricane Dorian. The news said it has moved little since striking the Bahamas Islands on Monday. W: What damages has it caused? M: It has destroyed many homes and forced thousands of people to seek shelter. Officials report at least five people have died. W: It must have been very destructive. M: You're totally right. When it first reached the islands, it was a powerful Category 5 storm. Category 5 storms are the most powerful and damaging of all hurricanes. W: I'm sure people there need help now. M: Yes. U.N. officials said more than 60,000 people on the islands would need food, and the Red Cross said about 62,000 would need clean drinking water. W: Are Dorian's winds still so powerful there? M: Things haven't got much better. By Tuesday, Dorian's winds had slowed, making it a still very dangerous Category 2 hurricane with wind speeds recorded at 177 kilometers an hour. But the center of the hurricane has not moved too far from the Bahamas. W: I guess we can donate some money and call on others in our class to donate to do that. M: Good idea! But it's more important to get our teachers' support. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(6分)What threatens this city most? A．Wildfires. B．Storms. C．Floods. 19．What was the original purpose of the exhibition? A．To get money donations. B．To grow community art programs. C．To teach others about local issues. 20．What will the speaker do next? A．Invite others to speak. B．Share more local artworks. C．Present information on disasters. 【答案】18．C 19．B 20．A 【原文】 W: Thanks for coming to this art gallery opening. As you can see, all the art here has been painted and created to represent and celebrate local natural beauty. We come from such a beautiful place, so it is very important to realize how at risk it is. I’m not saying this to scare anyone, but to remind us how much we love our planet and how important it is to protect what we love. Here, you’ll see images of hills on fire, powerful typhoons, and rising floods. Within our coastal city, the biggest danger is sea-level rise. Many local artists have painted our streets and train stations underwater to show how real these risks are. Before we open the room to guests, I want to share the origin of this show. The initial idea was not fundraising or even climate messaging. We simply wanted to expand art classes in our community centers. That modest goal grew into this exhibition as students, teachers, and neighbors offered their talent, stories, and support. Because of everyone of you, more workshops will launch next month. To thank you for helping us reach this moment, I’d like to invite several of our lead supporters to say a few words about the student program. 二、阅读理解 A Field Trip Project in Our Wildlife Reserve Park Duration: Two weeks Price: $140/person Time: From September 14th to October 25th What to expect and how you’ll make an impact Our wildlife reserve park is home to an abundance of wildlife, including the famous Big 5 — lions, leopards, elephants, rhinos and buffalo. Originally established in 1998, the park became the first official wildlife reserve locally, with nearly 20 thousand hectares. You shouldn’t expect to be involved in hands-on research or touching the animals on this project, but you’ll have an important support role carrying out vital conservation work at the reserve. Your work as a wildlife conservationist may typically include: ●Tree protection from elephant damage ●Habitat surveys ●Assisting with bush and alien (外来的) plant clearing ●Disaster management — drought, flooding, storms and wildfires Applicant requirements Applicants must be at least 16 years old. Applicants aged 16 and 17 must be accompanied by a guardian to join in this program. Applicants aged 18 and over are required to provide a criminal (犯罪的) background check. Applicants under 18 can provide two character reference letters instead. All applicants must understand English and have volunteer travel insurance.Discount policies Groups of two or more applicants receive a 10% discount on the total price. Book our project before July 24th and receive a 12% discount on the total price. Full-time students can receive a 5% discount on the total price. Book our project on any weekend before July 10th and receive a 15% discount on the total price.Note Discounts cannot be combined. 21．(0分)What is a task of participants in the project? A．To remove non-native plant species. B．To do hands-on research on animals. C．To protect elephants from being hurt by trees. D．To build more habitats for increasing animals. 22．What must a 19-year-old applicant do if he wants to join the project? A．Have a parent accompany him. B．Provide a clean criminal record. C．Present an English grading certificate. D．Provide two character reference letters. 23．How can an applicant sign up at the lowest price? A．Booking on July 24th. B．Booking as a full-time student. C．Booking as a group of two applicants. D．Booking on a Sunday before July 10th. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个野生动物保护区的实地考察项目，包括项目持续时间、价格、时间、预期任务、申请者要求、折扣政策等信息。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据What to expect and how you’ll make an impact部分中的“Your work as a wildlife conservationist may typically include: ●Assisting with bush and alien (外来的) plant clearing (作为一名野生动物保护主义者，你的工作通常包括：●协助清除灌木和外来植物)”可知，参与者的任务包括协助清除外来植物物种。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据Applicant requirements部分中的“Applicants aged 18 and over are required to provide a criminal (犯罪的) background check. (18岁及以上的申请者需要提供无犯罪记录证明。)”可知，19岁的申请者需要提供无犯罪记录证明。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据Discount policies部分中的“Groups of two or more applicants receive a 10% discount on the total price. (两人或两人以上的团体报名可享受总价10%的折扣。)”、“Book our project before July 24th and receive a 12% discount on the total price. (在7月24日前预订我们的项目，可享受总价12%的折扣。)”、“Full-time students can receive a 5% discount on the total price. (全日制学生可享受总价5%的折扣。)”和“Book our project on any weekend before July 10th and receive a 15% discount on the total price. (在7月10日前的任何周末预订我们的项目，可享受总价15%的折扣。)”以及Note部分中的“Discounts cannot be combined. (折扣不能叠加使用。)”可知，在7月10日前的任何周末预订可以享受15%的折扣，这是最大的折扣，所以最低价格可以通过在7月10日前的周末预订来实现。故选D项。 （本题10分）It was December 27th, 2004 in Malaysia. People were in a holiday mood for various reasons. It was the day after Christmas, a Sunday. On Penang Island, hotels were fully-booked by holiday-makers from home and abroad. The Dillon family had come all the way from Europe to shelter from the coldness of winter. They were up early to swim in the sea and eat a late breakfast in the Crystal Restaurant on Fisherman’s Pier. While enjoying their Asian breakfast in a room facing the water, Mr. and Mrs. Dillon saw a strange sight through the glass windows. People on the beach were pointing at the sea which was crashing quickly into the horizon. Some were excitedly picking up shells and fish that had been exposed (暴露) when a Japanese man at the next table shouted, “Tsunami! Tsunami!”. He jumped from his seat, waving wildly to everyone else, and rushed for the exit. The couple sensed that they were in danger. Suddenly, a huge wall of water came crashing through the restaurant windows, knocking over everyone. The couple held their son’s hands. However, the boy’s little hand slid out of his parents and the waves tossed him forcefully, leaving him in danger. Luckily, when his head was seen rising above the water, he was pulled up in time. Just as forcefully, the waves pulled back, breaking whatever it could. Fortunately, everyone had run onto drier ground. They rushed out to the street, shaken by the tsunami. The shocked boy burst into tears. Everyone shook with fear. The deadly tsunami of 27th December 2004 killed more than 60 people in Malaysia. Its force was most destructive (破坏性的) in northern Sumatra, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. There were also deaths in Somalia, the Maldives, and Myanmar. Altogether, about a quarter of a million people were killed, thousands went missing, and more than half a million lost their homes. Never has a natural disaster traumatized (使精神受创) so many nations. 24．(10分)Why did the Dillon family come to Malaysia? A．To avoid winter coldness in Europe. B．To taste food in the Crystal Restaurant. C．To swim in the sea on Fisherman’s Pier. D．To celebrate Christmas with Malaysians. 25．What made the Dillons realize the coming danger? A．The crashing sea waves. B．The exposed shells and fish. C．The glass windows. D．A man’s unusual behavior. 26．What does the underlined word “tossed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Awoke. B．Threw. C．Melted. D．Sheltered. 27．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Warning signs of the tsunami. B．Terrible effects of the tsunami. C．Great efforts to fight the tsunami. D．Surviving countries after the tsunami. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dillon一家在马来西亚度假时遭遇2004年12月27日海啸的经历。他们在餐厅目睹海啸前兆后，经历了惊心动魄的逃生过程。文章还概述了此次海啸在多个国家造成的巨大人员伤亡和财产损失，突显了自然灾害的残酷影响。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The Dillon family had come all the way from Europe to shelter from the coldness of winter.(Dillon一家从欧洲远道而来，是为了躲避冬季的严寒。)”可知，Dillon一家从欧洲远道而来是为了躲避冬天的寒冷。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的描述“Some were excitedly picking up shells and fish that had been exposed when a Japanese man at the next table shouted, “Tsunami! Tsunami!”. He jumped from his seat, waving wildly to everyone else, and rushed for the exit. (有些人兴奋地捡起了那些被海水冲露出来的贝壳和鱼。这时，邻桌的一位日本男子大喊“海啸！海啸！”他从座位上跳起来，疯狂地向其他人挥手，并冲向出口。)”可知，一个男人的不寻常行为是使他们意识到危险的原因。故选D。 26．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中的描述“The couple held their son’s hands. However, the boy’s little hand slid out of his parents and the waves tossed him forcefully, leaving him in danger.( Dillon夫妇紧握着儿子的手，但男孩的小手从父母手中滑了出来，海浪猛烈地把他……，使他处于危险之中)”可知，该动作是由“海浪”发出，并将男孩处于危险之中，前文指出Dillon夫妇紧握着儿子的手，但男孩的小手从父母手中滑了出来，因此海浪猛烈地将他抛了起来，由此置身于危险之中。故推断“tossed”在此处的意思是“抛、扔”。因此，选项B“Threw (扔)”与其意思相近。故选B。 27．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的描述“The deadly tsunami of 27th December 2004 killed more than 60 people in Malaysia. Its force was most destructive in northern Sumatra, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. There were also deaths in Somalia, the Maldives, and Myanmar. Altogether, about a quarter of a million people were killed, thousands went missing, and more than half a million lost their homes.( 2004 年 12 月 27 日发生的那场致命的海啸在马来西亚造成了超过 60 人死亡。其破坏力在苏门答腊北部、泰国、斯里兰卡和印度最为严重。此外，在索马里、马尔代夫和缅甸也有人员死亡。总计约有 25 万人丧生，数千人失踪，超过 50 万人失去了家园。)”可知，该段主要描述了2004年12月27日发生的致命海啸对多个国家造成的严重破坏和人员伤亡情况。因此，选项B“Terrible effects of the tsunami.(海啸的可怕影响)”是该段的主要内容。故选B。 （本题10分）The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs (花旗松), but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. “Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.” Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops. “Megafires (特大火灾) just weren’t possible, because the forest itself was biodiverse,” says Gilchrist. “It wasn’t a single-species stand of trees that are too close together, too over-aged, and with lots of fuel on the ground.” This practice was common across pre-Columbian Americas. European settlers described it in diaries as wasteful but now, experts see that they knew what they were doing. Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning. “After World War II, fire control technology improved, but forests became weaker as fuel collected.65%-85% of today’s trees grew after native burning stopped,” says Daniels. “The thick forests we see exist because fires were controlled for decades.” Now, climate change has created a terrifying new normal. Hotter temperatures, drier conditions, and increased fuel have turned northern forests into fire traps. In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Some forests may never recover, and repeated big fires could turn them into grasslands. Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point. As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.” 28．(10分)Why does Joe Gilchrist see danger first in the Louis Creek Valley? A．Forests are being cut down. B．Too much fire fuel exists. C．Climate becomes extremely dry. D．Dead trees are not cleared timely. 29．What does Professor Lori Daniels’s research demonstrate? A．Native burning was randomly arranged. B．Native burning burnt down most of the forests. C．Native burning was once an effective practice. D．Native burning was recorded by European settlers. 30．Which is a mentioned consequence of large-scale forest fires? A．Balance of climate system. B．Control of fuel accumulation. C．Melting of permanent frozen soil. D．Reduction of forests’ carbon storage. 31．Which is the best title for the text? A．Native Wisdom: Key to Preventing Forest Fires B．Climate Change: Root of All Forest Disasters C．From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis D．Fire Control Technology: A Solution to Forest Fires 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大森林火灾危机的原因和演变，对比了原住民传统可控燃烧的有效性与现代禁火政策导致的后果，并分析了气候变化下特大火灾的恶性循环及其对全球气候的深远影响。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs, but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.(不列颠哥伦比亚省的路易斯溪谷郁郁葱葱，遍布花旗松，但作为火情管理员和拥有30年经验的消防员，Joe Gilchrist首先看到的却是危险。“自禁止燃烧以来已经100多年了，树木已经过度生长，”他解释道。“枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料。一场大火即将来临。”)”可知，Joe Gilchrist认为枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料，所以路易斯溪谷存在危险。故选B项。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops.(直到19世纪60年代，Secwepemc人还经常在春天和秋天放小火。这些燃烧安全地清除了灌木丛，防止了树冠在树梢之间跳跃的火灾)”和第三段中“Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning.(不列颠哥伦比亚大学教授Lori Daniels将树环上的火灾疤痕与当地口述历史进行了比对，发现了反复低强度燃烧的证据。烟草平原上的一棵树经历了52次火灾，但火灾疤痕环在19世纪定居者禁止传统燃烧后就停止了)”可知，Lori Daniels教授的研究证实了原住民的焚烧是一种曾经有效且规律进行的森林管理实践。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.(2023年，加拿大大火烧毁了超过3700万英亩的土地，释放了大约6.47亿吨二氧化碳)”和“Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point.(更糟糕的是，北方永久冻土层储存着大量的碳；随着全球变暖使其融化，那里的火灾可以持续数月，释放被困数千年的碳，并将地球推向气候临界点)”可知，森林是重要的碳储存库，大规模森林火灾会破坏森林，从而减少森林的碳储存能力。故选D项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.(“自禁止燃烧以来已经100多年了，树木已经过度生长，”他解释道。“枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料。一场大火即将来临。”)”、第二段中“Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops.(直到19世纪60年代，Secwepemc人还经常在春秋两季放火。这些燃烧安全地清除了林下植被，防止了树冠火灾在树梢之间跳跃)”以及最后一段中“As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.”(正如专家Flannigan警告的那样，“我们正在走下坡路。除非我们解决根本原因——我们对化石燃料的依赖——否则变暖和火灾将会加剧。这是无法避免的。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了森林火灾从受控燃烧到特大火灾的演变过程，分析了背后的原因及带来的严重后果。故C项“From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis(从受控燃烧到特大火灾：森林危机)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on July 30 may have been one of the strongest ever recorded, with a magnitude of 8.8. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people before the tsunami arrived. To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface. The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean was set up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, when a worldwide network of seismometers (测震仪) was built. This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake. In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital broadband global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake’s size,where the ground split, and how it moved in three dimensions. Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system. It uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space using radar (雷达). Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programs to make predictions faster and more accurate. However, tsunami height predictions are never precise — the height can be higher or lower than expected in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public.This includes mobile phone alerts (警报). coordination (协调) between countries, clear safety advice,evacuation plans and regular tests of the alarm system. As a tsunami gets near the shore, it slows down to about the speed of a car, but it is still impossible to outrun it. The best choice is to act quickly and calmly. 32．(0分)How does the author present the topic? A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By listing numbers. 33．What makes tsunami more destructive? A．The energy from disasters. B．The waves caused by storms. C．The movement of sea floor. D．The deep-sea water mass movement. 34．Which is true about the warning system? A．The key step was finished in 1948. B．Initial estimates can remain unchanged. C．The earthquake size can’t be known. D．AI program usage makes prediction more reliable. 35．What’s the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Timely reaction matters most. B．We need more evidence. C．Public awareness isn’t enough. D．Further study is impossible. 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海啸预警系统的发展及其对沿海社区的保护作用。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on July 30 may have been one of the strongest ever recorded, with a magnitude of 8.8. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people before the tsunami arrived.(7月30日发生在俄罗斯堪察加半岛的地震，震级达8.8级，或许是有记录以来最强的地震之一。但得益于科技的进步，各国政府得以在海啸抵达前，争取到充足的时间去发布预警并疏散民众。)”可知，作者开篇以7月30日俄罗斯堪察加半岛发生的地震这一具体事件为例，引出海啸预警系统的相关话题。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface.(当地震、山体滑坡或火山喷发导致海底发生位移时，海啸便会产生。这种位移会释放出能量，推动海浪在深海中传播。与风或风暴引发的普通海浪不同，海啸波会贯穿整个水体深度，而非仅作用于水面。)”可知，海啸波及水体全深度的运动形式，是其破坏力更强的关键原因。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programs to make predictions faster and more accurate.(预测方法也得到了改进，科学家们甚至开始使用人工智能程序来使预测更快、更准确。)”可知，人工智能程序的使用使预测更加可靠。故选D。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The best choice is to act quickly and calmly.(最好的选择是迅速而冷静地采取行动。)”可知，作者认为及时做出反应是应对海啸的关键。故选A。 In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day. 36(0分) They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc. Singapore has an otherworldly garden. The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark. 37 25 to 50 meters tall in the city-state’s new business district, the 18 Solar Super-trees light up the night sky, their canopies looking like flying dishes. Vast glass greenhouses also showcase plants from five continents, which are complete with an artificial mountain and indoor waterfall. 38 With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year. In a built-up city, it has been found that such programs are “fighting effectively against heat islands”. Now covering three rooftops and totaling more than 22,000 square meters, the farm grows a wide variety of vegetables. Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards. 39 The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created. 40 A．On a New York rooftop hides a farm. B．From floor to ceiling, produce grows at an upright farm. C．It’s a building attracting other countries’ attention. D．The trees are made from concrete and steel and covered with real plants. E．Green spaces have also been shown to serve other functions. F．They are combined with the existing green spaces such as parks and gardens. G．It’s one of the better examples of urban replanting with a social dimension. 【答案】36．E 37．D 38．A 39．F 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地城市通过在墙壁和屋顶进行绿化种植项目，不仅降低了城市温度，还带来了其他多种益处。 【详解】36．上文“In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day.(在世界上的某些城市，由于墙壁和屋顶上的种植项目，在所谓的街道峡谷中最热月份的温度在一天中最热的时候可以降低3.6℃到11.3℃)”说明墙壁和屋顶上的种植项目有降温作用。下文“They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc.(这些因素包括保护生物多样性、提升福祉、吸引居民以及适应社会环境等)”列举了保护生物多样性、提升幸福感等其他作用，空处承上启下，引出下文多种益处。所以E项“绿色空间还被证明具有其他功能。”符合语境。故选E。 37．上文“The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark.(那里令人印象深刻的人造树“森林”是新加坡的地标)”说明新加坡的人造树“森林”是地标。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步介绍人造树的结构。所以D项“这些树由混凝土和钢铁制成，上面覆盖着真正的植物。”符合语境。故选D。 38．下文“With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year.(周围都是建筑物，下面交通繁忙，它每年种植超过45吨的有机农产品)”说明有一个农场。空处和后文为总分关系，说明在纽约有一个农场。所以A项“纽约的屋顶上藏着一个农场。”符合语境。故选A。 39．上文“Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards.(麦德林是哥伦比亚第二大城市，拥有“绿色通道”，这为该市赢得了赞誉和奖项)”说明麦德林有“绿色通道”。下文“The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air.(这种组合使温度降低了2℃，并有助于净化空气)”提到了这个组合的作用，空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步介绍“绿色通道”的作用。所以F项“它们与公园和花园等现有的绿色空间相结合。”符合语境，该项中的“are combined with”和下文中的“The combination”相呼应。故选F。 40．上文“The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created.(这种组合使温度降低了2℃，并有助于净化空气。蜜蜂和鸟儿回来了，居民们很满意，园艺工作也创造了就业机会)”说明“绿色通道”带来了很多好处。总结全段，高度评价该项目。所以G项“这是具有社会层面的城市重新种植的较好例子之一。”符合语境。故选G。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）In the aftermath (余波) of the big earthquake in Turkey, a young college student named Asmu decided to help after seeing the disaster himself. He saw the Chinese rescue team come with 41 and skill and do their best to save people no matter how difficult the situation was. “The Chinese rescuers only took 15 minutes for lunch. They were so 42 ,” Asmu said. “They didn’t waste any time, even during their breaks, showing how much they wanted to save lives 43 .” Asmu was very 44 by how hard the rescuers were working and then joined the rescue 45 as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team. During one rescue, Asmu watched the Chinese and Turkish teams work together really well. They 46 tools and knowledge, using professional kits to 47 for people trapped in the ruins. “It was amazing to see how they talked and worked together,” Asmu said. “Everyone 48 each other, even though they didn’t speak the same language.” One time, they saved a pregnant (怀孕的) woman from a broken building. She was very sick, but the 49 actions of the rescue team saved her life within an hour. Asmu was there, helping with the 50 of the sick and injured, and he saw the woman’s face 51 with happiness when she was sent to a safe area. This teamwork between countries not only saved many lives but also brought a 52 connection between people. Asmu was 53 by the unity and kindness of the rescue workers. “It made me see that when bad things happen, the 54 of working together and being kind during 55 times can make a great difference,” he said. 41．(15分)A．determination B．experiment C．curiosity D．confusion 42．A．focused B．frightened C．excited D．relaxed 43．A．confidently B．formally C．quickly D．safely 44．A．worried B．touched C．satisfied D．stressed 45．A．strikes B．competitions C．troubles D．efforts 46．A．commented B．collected C．shared D．designed 47．A．arrange B．care C．search D．fight 48．A．admired B．understood C．debated D．challenged 49．A．common B．obvious C．awkward D．rapid 50．A．transport B．adventure C．contact D．support 51．A．come along B．light up C．work out D．make up 52．A．luckier B．closer C．braver D．smarter 53．A．recognized B．cheated C．sheltered D．impressed 54．A．power B．wisdom C．custom D．means 55．A．extra B．promising C．hard D．annoying 【答案】 41．A 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．D 46．C 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．B 53．D 54．A 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了土耳其大地震后，大学生Asmu被中国救援队的高效与奉献精神感动，加入志愿者行列，见证了两国救援队紧密合作救出孕妇的感人场景，体会到团结一致与善意的力量。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到了中国救援队的决心和技能，无论情况多么困难，他们都在尽最大努力拯救人们。A. determination决心；B. experiment实验；C. curiosity好奇心；D. confusion困惑。根据下文“do their best to save people no matter how difficult the situation was”可知，无论情况多么困难，中国救援队都在尽最大努力拯救人们，因此是指看到了他们的决心。故选A。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“他们非常专注”Asmu说。A. focused专注的；B. frightened害怕的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“The Chinese rescuers only took 15 minutes for lunch.”可知，中国救援队只花了15分钟吃午饭，是想尽快投入救援工作，说明他们非常专注。故选A。 43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们没有浪费任何时间，即使是在休息时间，这表明他们多么想尽快拯救生命。A. confidently自信地；B. formally正式地；C. quickly快速地；D. safely安全地。根据上文“They didn’t waste any time, even during their breaks”可知，即使是在休息时间，中国救援队也没有浪费任何时间，这表明他们想尽快拯救生命。故选C。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Asmu对救援人员的辛勤工作非常感动，随后作为志愿者司机加入了中国救援队的救援任务。A. worried担心的；B. touched感动的；C. satisfied满意的；D. stressed有压力的。根据下文“by how hard the rescuers were working and then joined the rescue ___5___ as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team.”可知，救援人员的辛勤工作让Asmu很感动，令他也采取行动，为地震后的救援出一份力。故选B。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Asmu对救援人员的辛勤工作非常感动，随后作为志愿者司机加入了中国救援队的救援任务。A. strikes罢工；B. competitions比赛；C. troubles麻烦；D. efforts特别任务。根据下文“as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team”可知，Asmu成为一名志愿者司机，这是加入了救援任务中。故选D。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们分享工具和知识，使用专业工具寻找被困在废墟中的人。A. commented评论；B. collected收集；C. shared分享；D. designed设计。根据上文“During one rescue, Asmu watched the Chinese and Turkish teams work together really well.”可知，中国和土耳其救援队合作得非常好，因此是指分享工具和知识。故选C。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们分享工具和知识，使用专业工具寻找被困在废墟中的人。A. arrange安排；B. care关心；C. search搜寻；D. fight战斗。根据下文“for people trapped in the ruins”可知，两国的救援队是在合作寻找被困在废墟中的人。故选C。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都能相互理解，即使他们说的不是同一种语言。A. admired钦佩；B. understood理解；C. debated辩论；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“It was amazing to see how they talked and worked together”可知，两国的救援队交谈和合作的很好，因此是指虽然语言不同，但每个人都能相互理解。故选B。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她病得很重，但救援队的迅速行动在一小时内救了她的命。A. common常见的；B. obvious明显的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. rapid迅速的。根据下文“saved her life within an hour”可知，救援队在一小时内救了这位孕妇的命，因此是指迅速的行动。故选D。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Asmu当时在那里，帮助运送伤病员。A. transport运输；B. adventure冒险；C. contact联系；D. support支持。根据上文“as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team”可知，Asmu是志愿者司机，因此是指帮助运送伤病员。故选A。 51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这位妇女被送到安全地带时，他看到她脸上洋溢着幸福的光芒。A. come along取得进展；B. light up流露出兴奋；C. work out解决；D. make up编造。根据下文“with happiness when she was sent to a safe area”可知，因为被送到安全地带，这名孕妇的脸上洋溢着幸福的光芒。故选B。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国与国之间的这种合作不仅挽救了许多人的生命，也拉近了人们之间的联系。A. luckier更幸运的；B. closer更近的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据上文“This teamwork between countries”可知，国与国之间的这种合作还有凝聚人心的作用，能拉近人们之间的联系。故选B。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Asmu对救援人员的团结和善良印象深刻。A. recognized认出；B. cheated欺骗；C. sheltered庇护；D. impressed留下印象。根据下文“by the unity and kindness of the rescue workers”可知，救援人员的团结和善良会令Asmu印象深刻。故选D。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这让我明白，当不好的事情发生时，在困难时期团结一致和善良的力量可以带来很大的不同。”A. power力量；B. wisdom智慧；C. custom习俗；D. means手段。根据上文叙述的中国救援队的奉献精神，两国救援队之间的合作，以及下文“of working together and being kind”可知，团结一致和善良在这场地震救援中展现了其力量。故选A。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这让我明白，当不好的事情发生时，在困难时期团结一致、善良的力量可以带来很大的不同。”A. extra额外的；B. promising有前途的；C. hard困难的；D. annoying烦人的。根据上文“In the aftermath (余波) of the big earthquake in Turkey”可知，此处呼应开头描述的地震后的情境，指困难时期展现出的团结一致和善良。故选C。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Typhoons are powerful storm systems that form over warm ocean water. They bring strong winds and heavy rain, 56(15分) can lead to flooding and landslides. Understanding how typhoons develop and move is necessary for people living in coastal areas to prepare for their 57 (arrive). Weather experts use satellites and radar to track these storms from space. By 58 (examine) the data collected, they can predict (预测) the path and strength of a typhoon. This advanced warning allows governments 59 (make) preparations and, if necessary, organize the evacuation of people in dangerous areas. This technology 60 (improve) greatly over the years, making predictions more reliable than ever before. One of the key factors in a typhoon’s formation is the temperature of the ocean water. The warmer the water, 61 more energy the storm takes in. This is why typhoons are most common in late summer and early autumn when the sea surface is at its 62 (hot). Communication systems are 63 (extreme) important for spreading warnings quickly. Today, messages are sent through TV, radio, and mobile phones, making sure everyone receives the information in time. It is also suggested that families prepare emergency kits with food, water, and medicines. In short, 64 typhoons are among the most destructive(毁灭性的) natural events, scientific progress greatly improves our ability to predict them in advance. With continuing research, we are sure to be better prepared 65 such natural events. 【答案】 56．which 57．arrival 58．examining 59．to make 60．has improved 61．the 62．hottest 63．extremely 64．while/though/although 65．for 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了台风的形成、影响，以及人们如何利用科技预测和应对台风。 【详解】56．考查定语从句。句意：它们带来强风和暴雨，这可能会引发洪水和山体滑坡。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是strong winds and heavy rain，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 57．考查名词。句意：了解台风的形成和移动方式，对于沿海地区的人们为台风的到来做准备是必要的。根据介词for可知，此处应用名词arrival，意为“到来”，作宾语。故填arrival。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过检查收集到的数据，它们可以预测台风的路径和强度。根据介词by可知，此处应用动名词examining，作宾语。故填examining。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种提前预警让政府能够做好准备，必要时还能组织危险地区的人员撤离。 allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to make，作宾补。故填to make。 60．考查动词时态。句意：这些年来，这项技术已经有了很大的改进，使得预测比以往任何时候都更可靠。根据时间状语over the years可知，此处应用现在完成时。technology与improve是主谓关系，且主语technology是单数，此处谓语应用has improved。故填has improved。 61．考查冠词。句意：海水温度越高，风暴吸收的能量就越多。此处是固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 62．考查形容词最高级。句意：这就是为什么台风在夏末秋初最常见，此时海面温度达到它的最高值。根据“in late summer and early autumn”及“at its... (处于……的状态)”可知，此处表示“最高温度”，应用形容词最高级hottest。故填hottest。 63．考查副词。句意：通信系统对于快速传播预警极为重要。此处修饰形容词important，应用副词extremely，意为“极其地”，作状语。故填extremely。 64．考查连词。句意：简而言之，虽然台风是最具破坏性的自然事件之一，但科学进步极大地提高了我们提前预测它们的能力。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，此处表示让步，用连词while/though/although。故填while/though/although。 65．考查介词。句意：随着研究的不断深入，我们一定能更好地应对这类自然事件。be prepared for是固定搭配，意为“为……做好准备”，此处应用介词for。故填for。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）上周五你校组织学生去自然灾害体验馆参加了一次活动，学生们戴上VR眼镜，如临其境地体验了各种自然灾害。请你为校微信公众号写一篇英文新闻稿，内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程；3. 活动反响。 提示词：自然灾害体验馆（Natural Disaster Experience Hall） 注意：写作词数应为120左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 To help students learn more about natural disasters, our school organized an activity in the Natural Disaster Experience Hall last Friday. During the activity, students learned some basic ways to deal with different natural disasters. They were also exposed to VR environment where they deeply felt the strength and danger of natural disasters. Compared to the knowledge they had learned in class, what they experienced in person was more practical and impressive. Undoubtedly, the students had their survival skills boosted and they were deeply convinced of the importance of staying in harmony with nature. This activity turned out an enormous success and all the participants spoke highly of it. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生就学校组织的自然灾害体验馆参观活动，给校微信公众号写一篇英文新闻稿，应首先点明活动目的，再详述活动过程，最后总结活动反响。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 基础的：basic→fundamental, primary 处理：deal with→cope with, manage, tackle 体会：feel→experience, undergo 赞扬：speak highly of→commend, applaud, compliment 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To help students learn more about natural disasters, our school organized an activity in the Natural Disaster Experience Hall last Friday. 拓展句：Our school organized an activity in the Natural Disaster Experience Hall last Friday so that students could learn more about natural disasters. 【点睛】[高分句型1] They were also exposed to VR environment where they deeply felt the strength and danger of natural disasters. (运用了where引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Compared to the knowledge they had learned in class, what they experienced in person was more practical and impressive. (运用了过去分词Compared作状语、which或that引导限制性定语从句并被省略、what引导主语从句) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The four mountain climbers were still breathing heavily as they looked out into the distance. The views from the top of the mountain were breathtaking. In all directions, valleys, forests and other mountains were laid out before them. They could even see the small wooden houses of the village where they had spent the night and the route they had taken to reach the top of this small but dangerous mountain. Laughing loudly, they were surprised at their courage in climbing such a steep and rocky mountain slope. Filled with an enormous sense of achievement, the four young climbers patted each other on the back. As the other three continued to enjoy the views, Jason, the leader of the group, stared at the horizon with a troubled look on his face. “What is it, Jason?” Sofia, the youngest of the group, asked. “Those dark clouds in the distance mean a heavy storm is fast on the way,” Jason replied. He remembered the villagers had warned him of the unpredictable weather conditions on top of the mountain and that a terrible storm could appear from nowhere. “But it’s so warm and sunny here. I don’t think the storm is coming this way,” Sofia said, more in hope than expectation. However, Jason feared the worst and knew only too well what would happen if the storm caught them in the open. He addressed the group in a calm but serious tone, “If the storm hits us, the temperature will fall dramatically. The rain and mist will make it difficult for us to see where we are going and we could easily get lost or fall off a cliff. The wind will take our strength, so we need to get moving fast.” The four mountain climbers packed up their facilities and immediately started back down the mountain. Unfortunately, despite their best efforts, the storm was upon them sooner than expected. The wind screamed in their ears, the driving rain stung (刺痛) their eyes and the mist made it impossible for them to see clearly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With it getting dark, Jason decided that it was just too dangerous to continue. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, the storm showed signs of stopping and the climbers stepped out of the shelter. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       With it getting dark, Jason decided that it was just too dangerous to continue. He gathered the group in the shelter of a large rock, where he noticed that the other three were frightened and looking to him for a way out. Pushed by responsibility and pressure of leadership, Jason, shouting against the wind, explained that the safest thing for the moment was taking shelter from the pouring rain. They had expected that the storm would pass very soon. However, as darkness settled over them, the shower swept in. How time dragged!        Finally, the storm showed signs of stopping and the climbers stepped out of the shelter. Unbearably cold and hungry, they felt their way downward with great difficulty, eager for a miracle. Suddenly, something caught Jason’s eye. Was it a flash of light? There it was again…and another! In response, Jason immediately flashed his torch, exclaiming, “Over here! We are here!” His companions joined in. Rescue eventually arrived. Seeing the climbers, all the searching villagers breathed a sigh of relief and lovingly helped them return to the village. You see, weather changes but love remains 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了四名登山者在登山的时候遭遇了暴风雨，被困在了户外。多亏了领队Jason冷静应对，带领大家躲雨，最终坚持到了救援人员到来。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“随着天色渐黑，Jason觉得继续下去太危险了。”可知，第一段可描写Jason在责任和领导压力的推动下为大家寻找避雨处。 ②由第二段首句内容“最后，风暴显示出停止的迹象，登山者走出了避难所。”可知，第二段可描写登山者下山时遇到了赶来的救援人员。 2.续写线索：登山者害怕——寻找避雨处——躲雨等雨停——雨停——开始下山——遇到救援人员——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①注意到：notice/ observe ②预期：expect/anticipate ③看见：see/spot/catch sight of 情绪类 ①害怕：frightened /scared ②渴望：eager for /long for 【点睛】[高分句型1]  He gathered the group in the shelter of a large rock, where he noticed that the other three were frightened and looking to him for a way out. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]  Pushed by responsibility and pressure of leadership, Jason, shouting against the wind, explained that the safest thing for the moment was taking shelter from the pouring rain. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型3]  Seeing the climbers, all the searching villagers breathed a sigh of relief and lovingly helped them return to the village. (运用了现在分词作状语) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 4 Natural Disasters（较难版01） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）When did the fire happen? A．Thirty minutes ago. B．Forty minutes ago. C．Sixty minutes ago. 2．（本题1.5分）What was damaged in the storm? A．The car. B．The roof. C．A window. 3．（本题1.5分）Why does the man make the call? A．To change an appointment. B．To ask about work. C．To arrange a trip. 4．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．At home. B．At a hospital. C．At a drug store. 5．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A house. B．A storm. C．An accident. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(3分)Which state was the coldest last year? A．Florida. B．California. C．Illinois. 7．How does climate affect hurricanes according to the scientists? A．It causes more of them to happen. B．It makes them more powerful. C．It has no effect on them at all. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(3分)How did the woman know the news? A．On TV. B．On the Internet. C．In a newspaper. 9．Where is the woman’s uncle staying now? A．At home. B．At a friend’s house. C．At a public shelter. 10．How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A．Relieved. B．Worried. C．Surprised. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(4.5分)How high was the Seine River in 1910? A．Around 5 feet high. B．Around 20 feet high. C．Around 28 feet high. 12．What had to get moved to higher floors? A．Many residents. B．Artworks. C．Power equipment. 13．What does the woman want to see the most? A．The Louvre. B．The Eiffel Tower. C．The Musée d’Orsay. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(6分)What damage has Hurricane Dorian caused on the islands? A．At least five deaths. B．Thousands of injuries. C．Missing of many people. 15．What problem do people on the islands face now? A．They lack food and drinkable water. B．They cannot receive good treatments. C．They are not provided with sheltering. 16．What category was Hurricane Dorian on Tuesday? A．Category 2. B．Category 3. C．Category 5. 17．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Classmates. C．Teacher and student. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(6分)What threatens this city most? A．Wildfires. B．Storms. C．Floods. 19．What was the original purpose of the exhibition? A．To get money donations. B．To grow community art programs. C．To teach others about local issues. 20．What will the speaker do next? A．Invite others to speak. B．Share more local artworks. C．Present information on disasters. 二、阅读理解 A Field Trip Project in Our Wildlife Reserve ParkDuration: Two weeks Price: $140/person Time: From September 14th to October 25th What to expect and how you’ll make an impact Our wildlife reserve park is home to an abundance of wildlife, including the famous Big 5 — lions, leopards, elephants, rhinos and buffalo. Originally established in 1998, the park became the first official wildlife reserve locally, with nearly 20 thousand hectares. You shouldn’t expect to be involved in hands-on research or touching the animals on this project, but you’ll have an important support role carrying out vital conservation work at the reserve. Your work as a wildlife conservationist may typically include: ●Tree protection from elephant damage ●Habitat surveys ●Assisting with bush and alien (外来的) plant clearing ●Disaster management — drought, flooding, storms and wildfires Applicant requirements Applicants must be at least 16 years old. Applicants aged 16 and 17 must be accompanied by a guardian to join in this program. Applicants aged 18 and over are required to provide a criminal (犯罪的) background check. Applicants under 18 can provide two character reference letters instead. All applicants must understand English and have volunteer travel insurance.Discount policies Groups of two or more applicants receive a 10% discount on the total price. Book our project before July 24th and receive a 12% discount on the total price. Full-time students can receive a 5% discount on the total price. Book our project on any weekend before July 10th and receive a 15% discount on the total price.Note Discounts cannot be combined. 21．(0分)What is a task of participants in the project? A．To remove non-native plant species. B．To do hands-on research on animals. C．To protect elephants from being hurt by trees. D．To build more habitats for increasing animals. 22．What must a 19-year-old applicant do if he wants to join the project? A．Have a parent accompany him. B．Provide a clean criminal record. C．Present an English grading certificate. D．Provide two character reference letters. 23．How can an applicant sign up at the lowest price? A．Booking on July 24th. B．Booking as a full-time student. C．Booking as a group of two applicants. D．Booking on a Sunday before July 10th. （本题10分）It was December 27th, 2004 in Malaysia. People were in a holiday mood for various reasons. It was the day after Christmas, a Sunday. On Penang Island, hotels were fully-booked by holiday-makers from home and abroad. The Dillon family had come all the way from Europe to shelter from the coldness of winter. They were up early to swim in the sea and eat a late breakfast in the Crystal Restaurant on Fisherman’s Pier. While enjoying their Asian breakfast in a room facing the water, Mr. and Mrs. Dillon saw a strange sight through the glass windows. People on the beach were pointing at the sea which was crashing quickly into the horizon. Some were excitedly picking up shells and fish that had been exposed (暴露) when a Japanese man at the next table shouted, “Tsunami! Tsunami!”. He jumped from his seat, waving wildly to everyone else, and rushed for the exit. The couple sensed that they were in danger. Suddenly, a huge wall of water came crashing through the restaurant windows, knocking over everyone. The couple held their son’s hands. However, the boy’s little hand slid out of his parents and the waves tossed him forcefully, leaving him in danger. Luckily, when his head was seen rising above the water, he was pulled up in time. Just as forcefully, the waves pulled back, breaking whatever it could. Fortunately, everyone had run onto drier ground. They rushed out to the street, shaken by the tsunami. The shocked boy burst into tears. Everyone shook with fear. The deadly tsunami of 27th December 2004 killed more than 60 people in Malaysia. Its force was most destructive (破坏性的) in northern Sumatra, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. There were also deaths in Somalia, the Maldives, and Myanmar. Altogether, about a quarter of a million people were killed, thousands went missing, and more than half a million lost their homes. Never has a natural disaster traumatized (使精神受创) so many nations. 24．(10分)Why did the Dillon family come to Malaysia? A．To avoid winter coldness in Europe. B．To taste food in the Crystal Restaurant. C．To swim in the sea on Fisherman’s Pier. D．To celebrate Christmas with Malaysians. 25．What made the Dillons realize the coming danger? A．The crashing sea waves. B．The exposed shells and fish. C．The glass windows. D．A man’s unusual behavior. 26．What does the underlined word “tossed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Awoke. B．Threw. C．Melted. D．Sheltered. 27．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Warning signs of the tsunami. B．Terrible effects of the tsunami. C．Great efforts to fight the tsunami. D．Surviving countries after the tsunami. （本题10分）The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs (花旗松), but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. “Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.” Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops. “Megafires (特大火灾) just weren’t possible, because the forest itself was biodiverse,” says Gilchrist. “It wasn’t a single-species stand of trees that are too close together, too over-aged, and with lots of fuel on the ground.” This practice was common across pre-Columbian Americas. European settlers described it in diaries as wasteful but now, experts see that they knew what they were doing. Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning. “After World War II, fire control technology improved, but forests became weaker as fuel collected.65%-85% of today’s trees grew after native burning stopped,” says Daniels. “The thick forests we see exist because fires were controlled for decades.” Now, climate change has created a terrifying new normal. Hotter temperatures, drier conditions, and increased fuel have turned northern forests into fire traps. In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Some forests may never recover, and repeated big fires could turn them into grasslands. Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point. As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.” 28．(10分)Why does Joe Gilchrist see danger first in the Louis Creek Valley? A．Forests are being cut down. B．Too much fire fuel exists. C．Climate becomes extremely dry. D．Dead trees are not cleared timely. 29．What does Professor Lori Daniels’s research demonstrate? A．Native burning was randomly arranged. B．Native burning burnt down most of the forests. C．Native burning was once an effective practice. D．Native burning was recorded by European settlers. 30．Which is a mentioned consequence of large-scale forest fires? A．Balance of climate system. B．Control of fuel accumulation. C．Melting of permanent frozen soil. D．Reduction of forests’ carbon storage. 31．Which is the best title for the text? A．Native Wisdom: Key to Preventing Forest Fires B．Climate Change: Root of All Forest Disasters C．From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis D．Fire Control Technology: A Solution to Forest Fires The earthquake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on July 30 may have been one of the strongest ever recorded, with a magnitude of 8.8. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people before the tsunami arrived. To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface. The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean was set up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, when a worldwide network of seismometers (测震仪) was built. This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake. In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital broadband global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake’s size,where the ground split, and how it moved in three dimensions. Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system. It uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space using radar (雷达). Forecast methods have also improved and scientists have even started using AI programs to make predictions faster and more accurate. However, tsunami height predictions are never precise — the height can be higher or lower than expected in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public.This includes mobile phone alerts (警报). coordination (协调) between countries, clear safety advice,evacuation plans and regular tests of the alarm system. As a tsunami gets near the shore, it slows down to about the speed of a car, but it is still impossible to outrun it. The best choice is to act quickly and calmly. 32．(0分)How does the author present the topic? A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By listing numbers. 33．What makes tsunami more destructive? A．The energy from disasters. B．The waves caused by storms. C．The movement of sea floor. D．The deep-sea water mass movement. 34．Which is true about the warning system? A．The key step was finished in 1948. B．Initial estimates can remain unchanged. C．The earthquake size can’t be known. D．AI program usage makes prediction more reliable. 35．What’s the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Timely reaction matters most. B．We need more evidence. C．Public awareness isn’t enough. D．Further study is impossible. In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day. 36(0分) They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc. Singapore has an otherworldly garden. The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark. 37 25 to 50 meters tall in the city-state’s new business district, the 18 Solar Super-trees light up the night sky, their canopies looking like flying dishes. Vast glass greenhouses also showcase plants from five continents, which are complete with an artificial mountain and indoor waterfall. 38 With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year. In a built-up city, it has been found that such programs are “fighting effectively against heat islands”. Now covering three rooftops and totaling more than 22,000 square meters, the farm grows a wide variety of vegetables. Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards. 39 The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created. 40 A．On a New York rooftop hides a farm. B．From floor to ceiling, produce grows at an upright farm. C．It’s a building attracting other countries’ attention. D．The trees are made from concrete and steel and covered with real plants. E．Green spaces have also been shown to serve other functions. F．They are combined with the existing green spaces such as parks and gardens. G．It’s one of the better examples of urban replanting with a social dimension. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）In the aftermath (余波) of the big earthquake in Turkey, a young college student named Asmu decided to help after seeing the disaster himself. He saw the Chinese rescue team come with 41 and skill and do their best to save people no matter how difficult the situation was. “The Chinese rescuers only took 15 minutes for lunch. They were so 42 ,” Asmu said. “They didn’t waste any time, even during their breaks, showing how much they wanted to save lives 43 .” Asmu was very 44 by how hard the rescuers were working and then joined the rescue 45 as a volunteer driver for the Chinese rescue team. During one rescue, Asmu watched the Chinese and Turkish teams work together really well. They 46 tools and knowledge, using professional kits to 47 for people trapped in the ruins. “It was amazing to see how they talked and worked together,” Asmu said. “Everyone 48 each other, even though they didn’t speak the same language.” One time, they saved a pregnant (怀孕的) woman from a broken building. She was very sick, but the 49 actions of the rescue team saved her life within an hour. Asmu was there, helping with the 50 of the sick and injured, and he saw the woman’s face 51 with happiness when she was sent to a safe area. This teamwork between countries not only saved many lives but also brought a 52 connection between people. Asmu was 53 by the unity and kindness of the rescue workers. “It made me see that when bad things happen, the 54 of working together and being kind during 55 times can make a great difference,” he said. 41．(15分)A．determination B．experiment C．curiosity D．confusion 42．A．focused B．frightened C．excited D．relaxed 43．A．confidently B．formally C．quickly D．safely 44．A．worried B．touched C．satisfied D．stressed 45．A．strikes B．competitions C．troubles D．efforts 46．A．commented B．collected C．shared D．designed 47．A．arrange B．care C．search D．fight 48．A．admired B．understood C．debated D．challenged 49．A．common B．obvious C．awkward D．rapid 50．A．transport B．adventure C．contact D．support 51．A．come along B．light up C．work out D．make up 52．A．luckier B．closer C．braver D．smarter 53．A．recognized B．cheated C．sheltered D．impressed 54．A．power B．wisdom C．custom D．means 55．A．extra B．promising C．hard D．annoying 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Typhoons are powerful storm systems that form over warm ocean water. They bring strong winds and heavy rain, 56(15分) can lead to flooding and landslides. Understanding how typhoons develop and move is necessary for people living in coastal areas to prepare for their 57 (arrive). Weather experts use satellites and radar to track these storms from space. By 58 (examine) the data collected, they can predict (预测) the path and strength of a typhoon. This advanced warning allows governments 59 (make) preparations and, if necessary, organize the evacuation of people in dangerous areas. This technology 60 (improve) greatly over the years, making predictions more reliable than ever before. One of the key factors in a typhoon’s formation is the temperature of the ocean water. The warmer the water, 61 more energy the storm takes in. This is why typhoons are most common in late summer and early autumn when the sea surface is at its 62 (hot). Communication systems are 63 (extreme) important for spreading warnings quickly. Today, messages are sent through TV, radio, and mobile phones, making sure everyone receives the information in time. It is also suggested that families prepare emergency kits with food, water, and medicines. In short, 64 typhoons are among the most destructive(毁灭性的) natural events, scientific progress greatly improves our ability to predict them in advance. With continuing research, we are sure to be better prepared 65 such natural events. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）上周五你校组织学生去自然灾害体验馆参加了一次活动，学生们戴上VR眼镜，如临其境地体验了各种自然灾害。请你为校微信公众号写一篇英文新闻稿，内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程；3. 活动反响。 提示词：自然灾害体验馆（Natural Disaster Experience Hall） 注意：写作词数应为120左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The four mountain climbers were still breathing heavily as they looked out into the distance. The views from the top of the mountain were breathtaking. In all directions, valleys, forests and other mountains were laid out before them. They could even see the small wooden houses of the village where they had spent the night and the route they had taken to reach the top of this small but dangerous mountain. Laughing loudly, they were surprised at their courage in climbing such a steep and rocky mountain slope. Filled with an enormous sense of achievement, the four young climbers patted each other on the back. As the other three continued to enjoy the views, Jason, the leader of the group, stared at the horizon with a troubled look on his face. “What is it, Jason?” Sofia, the youngest of the group, asked. “Those dark clouds in the distance mean a heavy storm is fast on the way,” Jason replied. He remembered the villagers had warned him of the unpredictable weather conditions on top of the mountain and that a terrible storm could appear from nowhere. “But it’s so warm and sunny here. I don’t think the storm is coming this way,” Sofia said, more in hope than expectation. However, Jason feared the worst and knew only too well what would happen if the storm caught them in the open. He addressed the group in a calm but serious tone, “If the storm hits us, the temperature will fall dramatically. The rain and mist will make it difficult for us to see where we are going and we could easily get lost or fall off a cliff. The wind will take our strength, so we need to get moving fast.” The four mountain climbers packed up their facilities and immediately started back down the mountain. Unfortunately, despite their best efforts, the storm was upon them sooner than expected. The wind screamed in their ears, the driving rain stung (刺痛) their eyes and the mist made it impossible for them to see clearly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With it getting dark, Jason decided that it was just too dangerous to continue. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, the storm showed signs of stopping and the climbers stepped out of the shelter. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $