高考英语综合训练卷 A24-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

原创高考英语综合训练卷 A24（长文本·严格门禁V2重制版） 学科：高中英语 总分：120 考试时间：100 分钟 版本：待审核草稿 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A OLD QUAY CERAMICS DAY introduces secondary-school visitors to the way clay, water and heat interact. The programme takes place in a working studio, so bags remain in the entrance lockers and food is not allowed near testing tables. Demonstrators explain each process, but visitors handle only cooled materials unless a workshop description clearly states otherwise. At 09:00, the clay-body comparison table accepts visitors without advance booking. Samples show how different mixtures respond to bending and drying. The 10:30 porous-vessel cooling trial requires registration because participants share calibrated thermometers. At 14:20, the kiln-loading observation is limited to people listed for the safety briefing; the kiln stays cold, but the loading area has narrow marked routes. Every group must bring closed shoes, a washable apron and the visitor code sent with its booking information. The studio supplies eye protection, clay tools and numbered trays. Long hair must be tied back before a practical session, and phones remain outside the wet-work area to prevent visitors from touching clean equipment with clay-covered hands. A reserved workshop place can be reassigned until Tuesday at 15:00 after the new visitor accepts the safety rules. The group leader must update the name and apron size through the booking page. Once materials have been weighed into individual trays, later substitutions are refused because the studio would otherwise lose the link between a participant, a safety record and the prepared mixture. 21. Which studio activity can a visitor join without booking ahead? A. the early-morning comparison of several different clay bodies B. the scheduled mid-morning trial of porous-vessel cooling performance C. the afternoon observation of approved ceramic kiln-loading practice D. the scheduled late-day staff review after the public programme 22. Which equipment must a visiting group supply for itself? A. protective closed footwear, a washable apron and assigned visitor code B. eye protection, weighing trays and several approved calibrated studio tools C. cooling vessels, prepared clay and calibrated digital measuring equipment D. kiln gloves, safety labels and personal current registration badge 23. Under what conditions may a reserved workshop place change hands? A. after the visitor collects materials measured during the session B. whenever another visitor later requests the assigned apron and tools C. once Tuesday’s specialist workshop finishes its scheduled session D. before Tuesday afternoon when replacement accepts the safety rules B Owen helped to look after seedlings in a school greenhouse that could be entered through two doors. Weekday classes used a paper watering log beside the main entrance. On weekends, however, trays of young plants were moved for extra light and sometimes covered the log. A helper entering through the side door could water the same plants without seeing that another person had done so. The mistake was not obvious at once. Leaves remained green for several days, while roots in the wettest pots slowly lost air. When two groups of seedlings began to weaken, adults first blamed the unusually cloudy weather. Owen compared the log with messages from weekend helpers and discovered that several trays had been watered twice within an hour. He considered moving the paper log, but no single location was visible from both entrances. A digital sensor seemed excessive and would still need someone to interpret it. Instead, Owen built a sliding status tab above the central bench. It could be seen from either door: blue meant “check moisture first”, while a narrow white window displayed the date and initials of the last person who watered. Two independent teams used the system over the following weekend. Owen watched from outside the greenhouse and did not remind them about the tab. One team stopped at the side door, read the status and tested the soil before filling a can. The other correctly moved the tab after watering, yet forgot to change the date, leaving Sunday's helpers uncertain about whether the signal was current. Owen revised the tab by adding a reset date that had to be turned at the same time as the colour panel. A second trial prevented duplicate watering, although detailed amounts still had to be written in the paper log. The tab did not replace judgement or record keeping; it made the hidden status visible at the moment of action. The writer values that modest, carefully tested improvement. 24. What did Owen hope to learn by watching the teams without reminders? A. whether helpers finished the watering routine before the greenhouse closed B. whether the revised routine still required further practical adjustments C. where the visible tab prevented confusion or created additional problems D. why helpers hesitated to criticise Owen’s initial watering design 25. Which title best reflects Owen's solution and its limits? A. A Paper Log Hidden Beside the Side Greenhouse Door B. Why Seedlings Receive Different Amounts of Water Daily C. One Coloured Tab, Two Doors and One Watering Record D. How a Coloured Signal Replaced Careful Plant Judgement 26. Which failure in the weekend routine first led Owen to investigate? A. Experienced helpers stopped recording moisture levels for seedling trays. B. Two groups watered seedlings because neither noticed the concealed log. C. The collection room closed after unexpected weekend maintenance work began. D. New volunteers avoided the side greenhouse entrance during shifts. 27. How does the writer assess the final status tab? A. confident that little coloured tabs would suit each helper routine B. doubtful that observations could improve the watering routine C. disappointed that revision changed one minor visible detail D. supportive of the coloured status tab within clear practical limits C At a shaded market stall, water stored in an unglazed clay vessel may feel cooler than water in a sealed metal bottle. The effect does not come from clay being naturally cold. During firing, gases and water leave a network of connected microscopic pores, some of which remain open from the inner wall to the outer surface. When the vessel is filled, its wall imbibes a small quantity of water and carries it through those narrow spaces by capillary action. At the outside surface, the liquid evaporates. The fastest molecules escape into the air, taking thermal energy with them; heat then flows from the remaining water toward the cooler wall. The process continues only while water can reach a surface where evaporation is possible. Air conditions therefore matter. Dry moving air removes water vapour and permits further evaporation, whereas humid still air already contains so much moisture that the process slows. A metal bottle may remain warmer in dry shade, yet perform similarly to clay during a humid, windless afternoon. Positioning one container near a fan would make a comparison misleading. Pore condition matters too. Minerals left by repeated use can block narrow passages, and paint or oil applied to the outside may seal them completely. Scrubbing too aggressively can damage the vessel, so users need a cleaning method suited to the local water. A thick wall also slows the transfer even when its pores remain open. Evaporative cooling does not disinfect water or make it colder than the surrounding wet-bulb limit. The opening still needs a hygienic cover, and the source water must already be safe to drink. Judging the vessel therefore requires attention to climate, maintenance and hygiene as well as temperature. A striking cool surface on one day is not proof of universal performance. 28. Which conditions can sharply reduce a clay vessel's cooling effect? A. cool water beside painted clay walls with one sealed opening B. dry air circulating across open pores in thinner clay walls C. humid air with mineral deposits obstructing the clay pores D. regular cleaning, safe storage and careful later water replacement 29. How does the porous wall lower the temperature of the stored water? A. The clay wall transfers outdoor cold directly into stored water. B. Water reaches the surface and evaporation carries heat away. C. Minerals inside the wall absorb heat before settling lower. D. Air trapped in the pores gradually cools the container. 30. What warning does the final paragraph add to the cooling claim? A. A cooler vessel can reduce microbes already present in water. B. Painted clay surfaces can improve evaporation during humid conditions. C. Cooling performance should be judged by one temperature reading. D. Local climate and hygiene affect the vessel’s practical value. 31. What does “imbibes” mean in the second paragraph? A. absorbs liquid into microscopic pores through capillary movement B. conceals a reading from researchers repeating the experiment C. damages solid clay through an unidentified chemical reaction D. moves material elsewhere while preserving the physical condition D During a design lesson, one group announced that a clay vessel always cooled water better than a metal bottle. Their photograph seemed persuasive: after an hour, the thermometer in the clay vessel showed a noticeably lower temperature. The image was prepared for the school exhibition before another group asked where the two containers had stood. The clay vessel had been placed in moving shade beside an open doorway, while the bottle remained near a sunny wall. The containers also held slightly different amounts of water. These choices combined material, location, airflow and volume, so the first result could not show which factor had produced the temperature gap. For a second investigation, students measured equal water volumes at the same starting temperature. They used stands to expose similar surface areas, recorded humidity beside both containers and exchanged their positions halfway through each trial. Measurements were repeated on dry and humid days rather than selected from the afternoon that produced the largest difference. Location and airflow changed the gap more than the simple container labels suggested. When the metal bottle moved into the shaded breeze, it cooled faster than it had beside the wall. The clay vessel still showed an evaporative advantage on dry days, but that advantage became small in humid, still air. One older clay sample also cooled poorly because mineral deposits had blocked many pores. The class rewrote its exhibition claim. Instead of naming a universal winner, the new caption explained the conditions under which porous clay could provide useful passive cooling. It also stated that temperature did not establish water safety. Visitors could compare the first photograph with the controlled results and identify the variables that had been mixed together. The purpose of the case is not to dismiss an imperfect first trial. Its result generated a valuable question. The problem arose when a single unequal comparison was treated as a general conclusion. By matching conditions, swapping locations and recording the environment, students obtained evidence strong enough to support a narrower and more practical response. 32. Which controls made the second comparison more reliable? A. using different initial water temperatures with matching container labels B. positioning both containers beside the sunlit wall during measurement C. matching water volumes, swapping positions and recording nearby humidity D. comparing coolest photographs selected from each experimental container type 33. Why does the author present the clay-vessel investigation? A. to test whether larger samples reduce uncertainty in measurement B. to show controlled evidence narrowing a material claim C. to compare local judgments with later laboratory measurements D. to explain why published findings may resist later revision 34. Which setup flaw most directly biased the first photograph? A. Both vessels held equal water volumes at matching starting temperatures. B. Students exchanged container positions during the later trial periods. C. The clay vessel stayed shaded while metal container received sunlight. D. Humidity was recorded beside each vessel during the comparison. 35. What did the controlled trials show about location and airflow? A. Container labels explained much of the measured cooling difference. B. Position and surrounding airflow mattered more than the material label. C. Clay showed similar cooling advantage during humid and dry trials. D. Every reading explained temperature differences across the trial period. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Comparing everyday materials begins with a decision about what “better” means. A cup might keep water cool but break easily; a package might resist rain but be difficult to recycle. ____36____ A single question prevents the team from quietly changing the meaning of success after seeing the first result. Next, make the starting conditions comparable. Objects of different shapes may expose unequal areas to air, and one may already be warmer before the clock starts. ____37____ If exact matching is impossible, measure the difference and include it when interpreting the result instead of pretending that it does not exist. The surroundings belong in the record. Sunlight, airflow and humidity can influence both materials even when the measuring instrument is accurate. ____38____ Record them at the same time as the main measurement, not from memory after the trial. Notes about these conditions help another team understand why a later trial produced a different value. Position can create an invisible advantage. A sample beside an open window may cool or dry faster than one near a wall. ____39____ When the advantage follows the position rather than the material, the original explanation needs revision. Finally, report what the test did not settle. Repetition can reduce the influence of chance, but it does not turn one shape, temperature or weather condition into every possible use. ____40____ Include the range of measurements rather than only the average, and explain whether any sample behaved unexpectedly. A limited conclusion is not a weak conclusion; it tells designers what can be trusted and what still needs testing. A. Report remaining uncertainty instead of hiding an inconvenient experimental result. B. One striking measurement is sufficient when the tested objects have different shapes. C. Repeat the measurement after exchanging the positions of the tested objects. D. Treat the newer material as the probable winner before controlled comparison begins. E. Define one performance question before choosing the objects for comparison. F. Keep starting temperature and exposed surface area similar during comparison. G. Record environmental conditions that could influence either material during testing. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Inez joined the courtyard pottery club to compare how quickly different jars cooled water. On the first morning, a thermometer responded several minutes late, which ____41____ the apparent pattern. Some students wanted to remove that reading from the chart. Instead of ____42____ the delay, Inez photographed the display and ____43____ the time written beside every measurement. The combined record ____44____ that the slow thermometer had been moved between two jars. A volunteer was ____45____ to postpone the public demonstration, arguing that visitors cared about clay rather than instruments. The science technician ____46____ that an unreliable tool could make a fair-looking comparison false, especially when the expected temperature differences were small. The group ____47____ a position-swapping trial. Equal water volumes began at the same temperature, and the two thermometers were kept ____48____ from the jar labels in the data sheet. At first the results did not ____49____; sunlight crossed one table between readings. Screens and fixed timing finally ____50____ confidence in the procedure. One porous jar still cooled differently, but the students ____51____ that its wall thickness had not been measured. Visitors were ____52____ by this admission rather than disappointed. They asked whether the jar could be weighed, photographed and tested again after cleaning, questions that improved the next plan. Inez decided to ____53____ the unexplained result in the display. Her revised ____54____ distinguished evidence about position, instruments and material instead of forcing them into one story. The uncertain jar became ____55____ because it showed why a careful experiment records conditions that do not fit the preferred conclusion. 41. A. clouded B. softened C. warped D. narrowed 42. A. measuring B. hiding C. announcing D. repairing 43. A. estimated B. deleted C. shifted D. noted 44. A. verified B. masked C. exposed D. restated 45. A. keen B. confident C. hesitant D. relieved 46. A. whispered B. admitted C. denied D. argued 47. A. ended B. ran C. avoided D. copied 48. A. separate B. identical C. labelled D. united 49. A. vanish B. accelerate C. stabilize D. remain 50. A. measured B. weakened C. divided D. restored 51. A. forgot B. recognized C. denied D. assumed 52. A. impressed B. confused C. angered D. unconvinced 53. A. measure B. eliminate C. repeat D. disclose 54. A. warning B. schedule C. explanation D. recommendation 55. A. routine B. valuable C. useless D. silent 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A collection of porous-clay samples ____56____ (preserve) in the courtyard studio since it reopened. The pieces include successful water vessels, cracked trials and sections deliberately cut from damaged work. Together they allow students to compare pore structure, wall thickness and firing temperature without treating every old object as a perfect example. Inez, ____57____ field notes identify each firing batch, begins by ____58____ (photograph) the dry surface beside a scale card. She chooses ____59____ unglazed piece for closer study and compares several test ____60____ (sample) taken from areas that were already broken. No intact historical vessel is cut merely to make a classroom demonstration. A flat board is used ____61____ (flatten) the measuring sheet, while the pieces are left ____62____ (rest) in shade until their temperature matches the room. Water moves ____63____ (slow) through thick walls than thin ones, but thickness alone cannot describe the pores. Each sample therefore keeps ____64____ coded label throughout weighing, imaging and absorption testing. After the measurements, the fragments stand ____65____ separate trays lined with soft material. Students return digital images and notes to the same code before writing a conclusion. If two readings conflict, both remain visible in the archive. Preserving failed pieces in this way turns them into evidence about process rather than examples to be hidden from future makers. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 你校劳动实践课准备比较两种节水花盆。请给交换生Ella写邮件，介绍比较目标、需要控制的条件以及结果展示方式，并邀请她加入。词数80左右。 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Pia and Hugo were preparing a ceramic water exhibit for the school open day. At the centre stood an unglazed vessel whose surface cooled as a small amount of water evaporated through its pores. A card explained the process, while a shallow display tray protected the wooden table from accidental drops. On the afternoon before the event, they filled the vessel and placed two thermometers nearby. The room was warm and crowded with other groups setting up displays. Hugo noticed that the outside of the pot felt cool, just as expected, and Pia recorded the temperature every ten minutes. An hour later, a damp patch appeared beneath the display tray although the vessel had no visible crack. Hugo immediately said the pot must be leaking. If so, they would have to remove the centrepiece and rewrite the demonstration before morning. Pia was less certain because the water level inside had barely changed. They checked the rim and sides with a torch but found no obvious path for a leak. The underside of the tray was cool, and droplets had formed on a nearby metal label holder as well. Students from the next table began offering paper towels, making it difficult to see whether the patch continued to grow. Pia asked everyone to stop wiping the area. She placed an empty tray beside the exhibit, while Hugo marked the edge of the damp patch and moved the information cards to a dry surface. They photographed the setup, measured room humidity and wrote down the time. Neither wanted to lift a full vessel and accidentally create the leak they were trying to investigate. Their teacher was supervising another room and would not return for half an hour. Pia and Hugo had to make the exhibit safe while preserving enough evidence to distinguish leaking water from condensation. The open day schedule allowed one short retest in the morning, but only if they could design it before leaving. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 67. Paragraph 1: Pia placed an empty tray beside the exhibit before lifting anything. Paragraph 2: When the class returned, their controlled test had identified condensation rather than a leaking vessel. 答案与解析 21. 标准答案：A 解析：时间表中只有09:00项目明确接待未预约者；10:30活动要求注册，14:20项目还受安全名单限制。 文中的关键限制“accepts visitors without advance booking”直接排除了其余解释。正确选项正文为“the early-morning comparison of several different clay bodies”；按最终选项位置，第21题选A。 22. 标准答案：A 解析：题目问的是参观者自带物品，而不是工作室提供的器材。第三段把两类物品分开列出，closed shoes、apron和visitor code属于前者。 作答时要扣住“The studio supplies eye protection, clay tools and numbered trays”，不能把局部信息扩大。正确选项正文为“protective closed footwear, a washable apron and assigned visitor code”；按最终选项位置，第22题选A。 23. 标准答案：D 解析：转让同时受时间、安全确认和材料分配三个条件约束；超过周二15:00或新来者未接受安全规则都不能成立。 材料以“Once materials have been weighed into individual trays, later substitutions are refused”给出了可核对的判断依据。正确选项正文为“before Tuesday afternoon when replacement accepts the safety rules”；按最终选项位置，第23题选D。 24. 标准答案：C 解析：Owen刻意不提示，是为了观察真实使用时哪些信息能被看到、哪些环节仍会造成困惑，而不是追求最快完成任务。 “Owen watched from outside the greenhouse and did not remind them about the tab”是定位答案的决定性细节。正确选项正文为“where the visible tab prevented confusion or created additional problems”；按最终选项位置，第24题选C。 25. 标准答案：C 解析：全文围绕两个入口造成的重复浇水，以及中央状态标签如何把不可见信息及时呈现展开；标题还不能夸大为取代人工判断。 上下文真正支持的是“it made the hidden status visible at the moment of action”所限定的情形。正确选项正文为“One Coloured Tab, Two Doors and One Watering Record”；按最终选项位置，第25题选C。 26. 标准答案：B 解析：真正暴露问题的是周末协作者看不到被苗盘遮住的纸质记录，导致同一批幼苗在一小时内被重复浇水。 文中的关键限制“several trays had been watered twice within an hour”直接排除了其余解释。正确选项正文为“Two groups watered seedlings because neither noticed the concealed log.”；按最终选项位置，第26题选B。 27. 标准答案：D 解析：作者肯定标签解决了行动时的信息缺口，同时明确详细用量仍须写入纸质记录，评价是有边界的赞赏。作答时要扣住“The tab did not replace judgement or record keeping”，不能把局部信息扩大。正确选项正文为“supportive of the coloured status tab within clear practical limits”；按最终选项位置，第27题选D。 28. 标准答案：C 解析：文章先说明高湿无风会抑制蒸发，随后又指出矿物沉积会堵塞微孔；两者都会削弱降温，而不是让材料在任何环境中表现相同。 材料以“humid still air already contains so much moisture that the process slows”给出了可核对的判断依据。正确选项正文为“humid air with mineral deposits obstructing the clay pores”；按最终选项位置，第28题选C。 29. 标准答案：B 解析：微孔通过毛细作用把水送到外表面，外表面的蒸发再带走热量；正确答案完整保留了这两个连续环节。 “The fastest molecules escape into the air, taking thermal energy with them”是定位答案的决定性细节。正确选项正文为“Water reaches the surface and evaporation carries heat away.”；按最终选项位置，第29题选B。 30. 标准答案：D 解析：末段把温度表现与饮水安全明确分开，因此评价容器时必须同时考虑气候、维护和卫生，不能把凉爽等同于安全。 上下文真正支持的是“The opening still needs a hygienic cover, and the source water must already be safe to drink”所限定的情形。正确选项正文为“Local climate and hygiene affect the vessel’s practical value.”；按最终选项位置，第30题选D。 31. 标准答案：A 解析：目标词的宾语是少量水，后文又写水沿微孔向外移动，说明imbibes指器壁吸入水分并使其进入孔隙。 文中的关键限制“carries it through those narrow spaces by capillary action”直接排除了其余解释。正确选项正文为“absorbs liquid into microscopic pores through capillary movement”；按最终选项位置，第31题选A。 32. 标准答案：C 解析：第二次试验不仅统一水量和初温，还交换位置并同步记录湿度；这些控制把材料效应与位置、气流等变量分开。 作答时要扣住“Measurements were repeated on dry and humid days”，不能把局部信息扩大。正确选项正文为“matching water volumes, swapping positions and recording nearby humidity”；按最终选项位置，第32题选C。 33. 标准答案：B 解析：案例的重点不是否定初次试验，而是展示如何把不公平比较修正为条件明确、可用于实际判断的结论。 材料以“The problem arose when a single unequal comparison was treated as a general conclusion”给出了可核对的判断依据。正确选项正文为“to show controlled evidence narrowing a material claim”；按最终选项位置，第33题选B。 34. 标准答案：C 解析：陶罐位于门旁阴影和流动空气中，金属瓶却靠近向阳墙面；材料、位置、气流与水量被同时改变，无法归因。 “The containers also held slightly different amounts of water”是定位答案的决定性细节。正确选项正文为“The clay vessel stayed shaded while metal container received sunlight.”；按最终选项位置，第34题选C。 35. 标准答案：B 解析：金属瓶换到阴凉通风处后也明显降温，说明容器标签本身不能解释全部差异，位置和气流的作用更大。 上下文真正支持的是“When the metal bottle moved into the shaded breeze, it cooled faster than it had beside the wall”所限定的情形。正确选项正文为“Position and surrounding airflow mattered more than the material label.”；按最终选项位置，第35题选B。 36. 标准答案：E 解析：第36空前先写到“A cup might keep water cool but break easily; a package might resist rain but be difficult to recycle”，空后又以“A single question prevents the team from quietly changing the meaning of success after seeing the first result”推进论述。将完整句“Define one performance question before choosing the objects for comparison.”置于此处，前文要求先界定“better”，后句的“A single question”需要有明确先行内容；所选句正好把评价标准收束成一个可检验问题。该句在最终共享选项中位于E项，因此第36题选E。 37. 标准答案：F 解析：判断第37空不能只看单侧：空前是“Objects of different shapes may expose unequal areas to air, and one may already be warmer before the clock starts”，空后是“If exact matching is impossible, measure the difference and include it when interpreting the result instead of pretending that it does not exist”。候选句“Keep starting temperature and exposed surface area similar during comparison.”承上启下，本段讨论形状、暴露面积和初温不一致，所选句给出对应的匹配原则，后文再说明无法完全匹配时如何记录差异。该句在最终共享选项中位于F项，因此第37题选F。 38. 标准答案：G 解析：“Sunlight, airflow and humidity can influence both materials even when the measuring instrument is accurate”构成第38空的空前线索；空后的“Record them at the same time as the main measurement, not from memory after the trial”则检验衔接。完整句“Record environmental conditions that could influence either material during testing.”放回原处后，后句代词them指向所选句中的environmental conditions；阳光、气流和湿度也正是应同步记录的外部变量。该句在最终共享选项中位于G项，因此第38题选G。 39. 标准答案：C 解析：第39空前的“A sample beside an open window may cool or dry faster than one near a wall”提出当前问题，空后“When the advantage follows the position rather than the material, the original explanation needs revision”继续给出后果。只有“Repeat the measurement after exchanging the positions of the tested objects.”能把两部分连起来，因为交换位置能判断优势究竟跟随材料还是位置，直接承接窗口与墙边的对照，并为后句的修正结论提供证据。该句在最终共享选项中位于C项，因此第39题选C。 40. 标准答案：A 解析：先核对第40空前“Repetition can reduce the influence of chance, but it does not turn one shape, temperature or weather condition into every possible use”，再看空后“Include the range of measurements rather than only the average, and explain whether any sample behaved unexpectedly”的指代和逻辑。选句“Report remaining uncertainty instead of hiding an inconvenient experimental result.”进入段落后，段首要求报告试验未解决的问题，所选句把“不隐藏不便结果”具体化，后文的范围与异常值报告随之自然展开。该句在最终共享选项中位于A项，因此第40题选A。 41. 标准答案：C 解析：温度计迟到数分钟并未改变陶罐本身，却改变了图表呈现的规律。还原空格后，句子成为“On the first morning, a thermometer responded several minutes late, which warped the apparent pattern.”。迟响应改变了各读数之间看似存在的关系，warped表示“使判断失真”；clouded多指图像或界线模糊，softened是减弱程度，narrowed是缩小范围。由此确定C项warped，应选C。 42. 标准答案：B 解析：同学想删去异常读数，Inez的做法则保留了这段不利证据。这一处的完整表达是“Instead of hiding the delay, Inez photographed the display and ____43____ the time written beside every measurement.”。学生想删去异常读数，Inez却保留并拍照记录，因此她拒绝hiding这个延迟；measuring、announcing和repairing都不是“隐瞒证据”的反向选择。最终答案是B（hiding），本题选B。 43. 标准答案：D 解析：拍下显示屏之后，还要把每次测量对应的时间写进记录。把前后情节连起来，原句读作“Instead of ____42____ the delay, Inez photographed the display and noted the time written beside every measurement.”。与photographed并列的是把每次测量旁的时间如实noted；estimated会引入推测，deleted会删证据，shifted则改变时间而非记载时间。noted位于D项，本题选D。 44. 标准答案：C 解析：把照片与时间表合并，隐藏变量才从记录中显现出来。对应句可复原为“The combined record exposed that the slow thermometer had been moved between two jars.”。合并记录让温度计被移动这一隐藏变量显现出来，故用exposed；verified表示核实既有判断，masked意为遮蔽，restated只是重新表述。exposed位于C项，故第44题选C。 45. 标准答案：C 解析：展览期限临近，志愿者在延期问题上的犹豫由此可以理解。句中的实际搭配是“A volunteer was hesitant to postpone the public demonstration, arguing that visitors cared about clay rather than instruments.”。志愿者一方面看到延期的必要，另一方面又担心观众只关心陶土，因此hesitant最合适；keen和confident都过于肯定，relieved表示如释重负。hesitant位于C项，故第45题选C。 46. 标准答案：D 解析：技术员随后给出的完整理由属于方法论论证，而非随口评价。整句证据为“The science technician argued that an unreliable tool could make a fair-looking comparison false, especially when the expected temperature differences were small.”。技术员随后给出“仪器不可靠会制造虚假公平”的完整理由，argued that符合论证语气；whispered只写音量，admitted是承认，denied则与材料中的真实实验原则相冲突。所以标准答案落在D项，应选D。 47. 标准答案：B 解析：等水量、同初温和交换位置说明团队确实启动了新的试验。在段落中，这一句写成“The group ran a position-swapping trial.”。下文列出等水量、同初温和位置交换，说明团队实施了一项新试验；ended和avoided表示不做，copied不能体现针对问题的方案。据此选择B项ran，即选B。 48. 标准答案：A 解析：数据表刻意隔开温度计身份与陶罐标签，目的是减少预期偏差。空格所在结构是“Equal water volumes began at the same temperature, and the two thermometers were kept separate from the jar labels in the data sheet.”。数据表故意把温度计身份与陶罐标签separate，以减少预期偏差；identical不符合两个仪器，labelled会暴露身份，united与记录方式无关。答案为A，即separate，本题选A。 49. 标准答案：C 解析：阳光在两次读数之间移过桌面，初期数据自然难以稳定。与前后文连读时，句子是“At first the results did not stabilize; sunlight crossed one table between readings.”。阳光穿过桌面使初期结果继续波动，所以未能stabilize；vanish是消失，accelerate是加速，remain只描述温度下降而非数据稳定。本空应取stabilize，其位置为C，故选C。 50. 标准答案：D 解析：遮光与固定测量时点纠正了程序缺陷，也改变了团队的信心。原段保留的关键表达是“Screens and fixed timing finally restored confidence in the procedure.”。遮光板和固定时点纠正了控制缺陷，从而restored对程序的信心；measured不能支配confidence，weakened方向相反，divided不合语义。语义链支持D项restored，因此选D。 51. 标准答案：B 解析：一只陶罐仍表现不同，学生据此意识到壁厚这一变量尚未测量。该空落入的完整从句是“One porous jar still cooled differently, but the students recognized that its wall thickness had not been measured.”。看到一只陶罐表现仍不同后，学生意识到壁厚尚未测量，recognized体现基于新证据的认识；forgot、denied和assumed都不符合这种承认局限的过程。因此第51题选B。 52. 标准答案：A 解析：访客继续追问称重和复测办法，说明公开局限并未削弱信任。人物反应在原句中表述为“Visitors were impressed by this admission rather than disappointed.”。他们没有因承认不足而失望，反而继续提出称重、拍照和清洗后复测的问题，所以impressed最符合积极而审慎的反应；confused、angered和unconvinced都与后续主动追问、认可方法的行为不符。impressed位于A项，故第52题选A。 53. 标准答案：D 解析：Inez把未解释结果留在展板上，选择的是公开而不是删除。这里应恢复为“Inez decided to disclose the unexplained result in the display.”。disclose表示把结果公开；measure只是测量，eliminate表示消除，repeat表示重复，都不能表达保留并公开异常结果。disclose位于D项，故第53题选D。 54. 标准答案：C 解析：修订文字需要组织位置、仪器和材料三类原因，而不只是提出行动建议。名词所在的完整结构为“Her revised explanation distinguished evidence about position, instruments and material instead of forcing them into one story.”。这段文字的功能是解释不同证据分别支持什么，因此explanation最准确；warning只提示风险，schedule安排时间，recommendation提出行动，都不能承担区分三类因果证据的说明功能。explanation位于C项，故第54题选C。 55. 标准答案：B 解析：那个不合预期的陶罐之所以有价值，正因为它暴露了结论的边界。结尾的对应句是“The uncertain jar became valuable because it showed why a careful experiment records conditions that do not fit the preferred conclusion.”。异常陶罐促使团队记录不合预期的条件并改进计划，所以它变得valuable；routine、useless和silent都无法表达这种证据价值。valuable位于B项，故第55题选B。 56. 标准答案：has been preserved 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第56空中，“has been preserved”属于谓语，必须同时服从时间标志和主被动关系。补全结构“A collection of porous-clay samples has been preserved in the courtyard studio since it reopened.”中，since it reopened把保存延续到现在，collection又是preserve的承受者，所以采用现在完成时被动。因此第56空填写has been preserved。 57. 标准答案：whose 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第57空中，“whose”连接从句，并要与先行对象及从句成分相匹配。补全结构“Inez, whose field notes identify each firing batch, begins by ____58____ (photograph) the dry surface beside a scale card.”中，关系词修饰field notes并指向Inez，需用表示所属关系的whose。因此第57空填写whose。 58. 标准答案：photographing 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第58空中，“photographing”在这里承担非谓语成分，形式受句中固定结构限制。补全结构“Inez, ____57____ field notes identify each firing batch, begins by photographing the dry surface beside a scale card.”中，介词by后接动名词，photograph必须变为photographing。因此第58空填写photographing。 59. 标准答案：an 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第59空中，“an”要由名词的可数性以及后接词的首音共同确定。补全结构“She chooses an unglazed piece for closer study and compares several test ____60____ (sample) taken from areas that were already broken.”中，piece是首次提及的可数名词单数，unglazed以元音音素开头。因此第59空填写an。 60. 标准答案：samples 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第60空中，“samples”采用复数形式，依据来自前面的数量限定或并列语境。补全结构“She chooses ____59____ unglazed piece for closer study and compares several test samples taken from areas that were already broken.”中，several限定可数名词复数，sample应写为samples。因此第60空填写samples。 61. 标准答案：to flatten 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第61空中，“to flatten”在这里承担非谓语成分，形式受句中固定结构限制。补全结构“A flat board is used to flatten the measuring sheet, while the pieces are left ____62____ (rest) in shade until their temperature matches the room.”中，be used to do表示工具用途，此处是不定式to flatten。因此第61空填写to flatten。 62. 标准答案：to rest 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第62空中，“to rest”在这里承担非谓语成分，形式受句中固定结构限制。补全结构“A flat board is used ____61____ (flatten) the measuring sheet, while the pieces are left to rest in shade until their temperature matches the room.”中，be left to do表示让物品保持某状态，完整形式为to rest。因此第62空填写to rest。 63. 标准答案：more slowly 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第63空中，“more slowly”的级别与词性由比较标志和所修饰成分共同决定。补全结构“Water moves more slowly through thick walls than thin ones, but thickness alone cannot describe the pores.”中，than触发比较级，且修饰moves必须使用副词more slowly。因此第63空填写more slowly。 64. 标准答案：its 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第64空中，“its”既要指回对应名词，也要满足空格处所需的代词形式。补全结构“Each sample therefore keeps its coded label throughout weighing, imaging and absorption testing.”中，each sample为单数，coded label前需要对应的物主限定词its。因此第64空填写its。 65. 标准答案：in 解析：结合陶土样品的保存与测量流程，第65空中，“in”表达的介词关系要由具体位置或固定搭配判断。补全结构“After the measurements, the fragments stand in separate trays lined with soft material.”中，碎片位于独立托盘内部，stand in trays搭配自然。因此第65空填写in。 66. 参考范文：Dear Ella, Our practical-learning class will compare a porous clay pot with a recycled-plastic self-watering pot. Instead of deciding which is “greener” in advance, we will measure water use and plant condition under the same light, soil and starting moisture. Each team must photograph the setup and explain one limitation beside its graph. Would you join my group? You are good at noticing unfair comparisons, and we need to finalise the test plan by Wednesday. Yours, Li Hua 写作指导：邮件必须把两种花盆的比较目标落实到耗水量和植株状态，并明确光照、土壤及初始含水量相同；结果展示应包含限制说明，邀请Ella的理由应体现她识别不公平比较的能力。 67. 参考范文：Pia placed an empty tray beside the exhibit before lifting anything. Hugo moved the information cards to a dry table and marked the edge of the damp patch. They found no water inside the vessel and no crack under a torch. Rather than blaming the pot, they recorded room temperature and humidity, dried the tray and set the vessel on small spacers. A second empty tray was placed nearby as a comparison. When the class returned, their controlled test had identified condensation rather than a leaking vessel. Moisture appeared beneath both cool trays but stopped after the room warmed. Pia rewrote the label so that visitors could compare the two explanations, and Hugo added the readings to the display. Their careful pause had saved an undamaged pot from being discarded and turned an awkward wet patch into the most useful part of the demonstration. 写作指导：第一段先用空托盘和边界标记判断湿痕来源，避免看到水迹就断定陶罐开裂；第二段通过位置交换和冷凝条件复测形成证据，结尾保留对结论边界的说明。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $