高考英语综合训练卷 A12 -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语核心题型，通过真实语篇综合考查语言理解与表达能力，注重思维品质与文化意识的渗透。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇15题|应用文、记叙文、说明文，考查细节、推理、词义、主旨|语篇类型与信息获取策略关联，培养逻辑分析与跨文化理解| |七选五|5题|语篇结构衔接，考查上下文逻辑|句间关系与语篇组织能力，提升思维连贯性| |完形填空|15题|记叙文语境，考查实词辨析与语境理解|语言知识与语用能力结合，体现思维品质的精准性| |语法填空|10题|短文语法应用，考查时态、语态、非谓语等|语法规则在语篇中的运用，构建语言知识体系| |写作|2题|邮件与读后续写，考查信息传递与叙事能力|语言表达与文化意识融合，发展综合语言运用能力|

原创高考英语综合训练卷 A12 学科：高中英语 总分：120 考试时间：100 分钟 版本：V1 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A CITY APIARY LEARNING CENTRE. The centre teaches visitors about managed honeybees and wild pollinators. Its hives are behind a screened observation wall; visitors never open hives themselves. Book online by noon on the previous day. Outdoor activities may move indoors during heavy rain. WAX AND PATTERN — Saturday, 09:30–10:45. Ages 11+. Examine comb shapes and press a small beeswax sheet around a cotton wick. Materials are included. People sensitive to fragrance may request unscented plant wax when booking. POLLINATOR GARDEN WALK — Saturday, 11:30–12:30. Ages 8+; visitors under 12 need an adult. Learn how flower shape and season affect visiting insects. Bring a pencil; waterproof field cards are supplied. The 600-metre route includes gravel and two shallow steps. HIVE DATA SESSION — Sunday, 10:00–11:30. Ages 15+. Work with temperature and weight records already collected by staff. Bring a laptop or tablet capable of opening a spreadsheet. This is a data workshop, not a hive visit. HONEY TASTING AND LABELS — Sunday, 14:00–15:00. Ages 12+. Compare three local honeys and learn what a label may legally claim. Not suitable for anyone with a known honey allergy. Participants receive tasting spoons but should bring a small notebook. 21. Which session offers an alternative material by advance request? A. Wax and Pattern B. Pollinator Garden Walk C. Hive Data Session D. Honey Tasting and Labels 22. What must a Hive Data participant bring? A. Protective hive clothing B. A device that opens spreadsheets C. Waterproof field cards D. Three honey samples 23. What should an eleven-year-old expect on the Pollinator Garden Walk? A. To attend with an adult B. To open a hive with staff C. To avoid all outdoor surfaces D. To bring a personal field card B Sumi became a weekend guide at the Riverside Archaeology Room after memorising every date on its display panels. Her first tours moved briskly from stone tools to roof tiles. She felt successful whenever visitors nodded without interrupting. One morning, a child pointed to a cracked cooking pot and asked why the museum displayed an object that had been repaired badly in ancient times. Sumi knew the pot's age but not the reason for its rough patches. She almost repeated the label, then admitted that she did not know. The child's father thanked her for saying so and moved on. After the tour, Sumi opened the object record. It showed that the pot had been mended with holes and fibre because replacing it would have cost the household more. The uneven repair was not a failure by the museum; it was evidence that the pot had remained useful. Sumi added the finding to her notes, along with a blank line for questions visitors raised. On later tours, she slowed near the repaired pot and invited people to notice what the label left unexplained. She still prepared carefully, but no longer treated an unanswered question as a hole in her performance. It could be the beginning of the next piece of knowledge. 24. What did the child ask about? A. Why the pot had a rough ancient repair B. Who donated the stone tools C. When the roof tiles were discovered D. Why the museum labels were missing 25. Why did the household probably repair the pot? A. replacement was likely less affordable B. The museum had requested a fibre sample C. The pot had never been used for cooking D. A smooth repair would hide its age 26. How does Sumi feel about unanswered visitor questions by the end? A. Threatened by them B. Open and curious about them C. Uninterested in recording them D. Certain they should be avoided 27. Which title best fits the text? A. The Question Sumi Could Not Answer B. A Faster Tour of Riverside C. How to Replace an Ancient Pot D. The Child Who Rewrote Every Label C Forest soil may contain plenty of phosphorus, yet much of it is bound tightly to minerals and unavailable to roots. Some tree species form partnerships with fungi whose fine threads extend far beyond the root surface. The tree supplies sugars, while the fungus explores tiny soil spaces. Researchers grew seedlings in divided containers. Roots remained on one side, but fungal threads could cross a mesh into soil containing mineral-bound phosphorus. Seedlings connected to the fungus accumulated more phosphorus than seedlings whose fungi were blocked, even though both received the same amount of soil. Chemical samples showed that compounds released near the fungal threads mobilize phosphorus from mineral surfaces. Once loosened, the nutrient enters the threads and moves towards the root. The process does not create new phosphorus; it changes how much of the existing supply can enter biological circulation. The result does not mean adding one fungus will improve every forest. Partnerships are species-specific, and moisture or soil acidity can alter fungal activity. Understanding the exchange may nevertheless help restoration teams choose tree and fungal communities suited to nutrient-poor ground. 28. What could cross the mesh in the container experiment? A. Tree roots B. Fungal threads C. Mineral particles D. Whole seedlings 29. What does the underlined word “mobilize” in paragraph 3 most nearly mean? A. Make available for movement and use B. Hide permanently inside minerals C. Create from sugar without soil D. Measure without changing 30. What did the divided containers help demonstrate? A. Fungal access, rather than extra soil, increased phosphorus uptake B. Roots can pass through any fine mesh C. Seedlings produce mineral phosphorus themselves D. Moisture has no effect on fungal activity 31. What is the author's purpose in the text? A. To explain a fungal nutrient pathway and its restoration limits B. To recommend one fungus for every forest C. To show that roots no longer need soil minerals D. To compare the market price of tree seedlings D Public consultations often attract people who already have time, confidence or a strong opinion. To hear a broader range of residents, some cities have begun inviting a small panel through civic lotteries. Addresses are selected at random, then the final group is balanced for factors such as age, neighbourhood and housing type. Panel members receive background material from several sources and can question specialists and affected groups. They meet over multiple days before producing recommendations. Payment for time, travel and childcare is important: without it, random invitations may still favour people who can afford to participate. A civic lottery does not turn the panel into a miniature elected government. Members cannot make binding law, and a group of forty cannot represent every experience. Its value lies in creating a temporary space where people who might not attend an open meeting can examine the same issue together. Trust depends on what happens afterwards. Officials should publish the recommendations, explain which ones they accept and give reasons for rejecting others. If the report disappears without response, a carefully selected panel becomes another symbolic exercise rather than a useful part of public decision-making. 32. Why are participants offered payment and childcare? A. To ensure practical costs do not exclude invited residents B. To make the panel's decisions legally binding C. To reward people with the strongest opinions D. To replace specialist evidence 33. Why is the panel described as temporary? A. It examines a defined issue but does not become an elected authority B. Its members are dismissed before reading evidence C. It meets once without questioning specialists D. Its recommendations must remain private 34. What should officials do after receiving the panel's report? A. Publish it and explain their response B. Accept every recommendation C. Select a new panel immediately D. Remove reasons for rejected proposals 35. What would most likely make a civic lottery merely symbolic? A. panel containing several age groups B. Specialists answering members' questions C. Officials failing to respond to its recommendations D. Residents receiving travel support 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A useful introduction prepares the audience to listen. Start by identifying the question the speaker will help them explore. ____36____ The audience then knows why this person is speaking now, not merely who the person is. Choose two or three details from the biography that support that purpose. A long list of prizes may sound impressive but leave listeners unsure what matters. ____37____ Relevance is more memorable than quantity. Pronunciation deserves preparation. Ask the speaker how to say their name and any specialised terms. ____38____ This care prevents the first seconds of the talk from becoming an avoidable correction. Keep the ending practical. State the talk title, mention when questions will be taken and give the speaker a clear verbal welcome. ____39____ The transfer of attention should feel intentional rather than abrupt. Finally, read the introduction aloud before the event. Written sentences may be too long for comfortable speech. ____40____ A natural pace helps the audience follow and lets the speaker begin on time. A. Connect the speaker's experience directly to that question. B. Adding another award may feel helpful when the introduction still sounds short. C. Use a detail because it explains authority or perspective, not because it fills space. D. A correct name signals respect before any argument has been heard. E. Ending with biographical facts can make the final sentence sound more complete. F. Pause, face the speaker and let the welcome mark the handover. G. Shorten clauses that require a breath in the middle. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Rafi spent his school break in his aunt's carpentry shop. He expected to learn cutting and joinery, but his first task was preparing estimates. When a customer questioned why a simple shelf cost more than the visible timber, Rafi was tempted to ____41____ the price without explanation. His aunt asked him to ____42____ every stage: selecting dry boards, planning cuts, setting machines, sanding edges and installing the shelf. Rafi had previously treated these steps as ____43____ because they left no separate object to sell. Yet omitting them would ____44____ the labour and make careful work appear accidental. He rewrote the estimate in plain language. Instead of ____45____ the customer with technical terms, he linked each stage to an outcome: dry wood reduced warping, accurate setup limited waste, and a final fitting protected the wall. The explanation made the cost more ____46____ without pretending it was low. The customer removed one decorative feature but kept the structural work. Rafi realised that a clear estimate did not ____47____ negotiation; it made negotiation more ____48____. Over the week, he learned to distinguish between defending every choice and ____49____ the reasoning behind it. The skill required both precision and ____50____. When he later built a small box, Rafi recorded the time spent choosing hinges and correcting a rough edge. Those minutes had once seemed ____51____. Now he saw them as part of the object's ____52____. Good work was not merely the moment a tool touched wood; it was a chain of ____53____ decisions. By making that chain visible, an estimate could ____54____ trust rather than simply announce a total. Rafi's new respect for the page beside the workbench became as ____55____ as his respect for the tools. 41. A. record B. lower C. publish D. divide 42. A. hide B. repeat C. account for D. replace 43. A. incidental B. profitable C. public D. urgent 44. A. celebrate B. understate C. postpone D. measure 45. A. overwhelming B. inviting C. rewarding D. comparing 46. A. fragile B. intelligible C. temporary D. silent 47. A. prevent B. measure C. announce D. delay 48. A. private B. informed C. expensive D. formal 49. A. avoiding B. borrowing C. communicating D. counting 50. A. speed B. tact C. luck D. distance 51. A. negligible B. creative C. regular D. public 52. A. weight B. shape C. value D. colour 53. A. deliberate B. random C. distant D. visible 54. A. borrow B. foster C. limit D. measure 55. A. optional B. temporary C. quiet D. substantial 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In one mountain town, paper umbrellas ____56____ (make) by local workshops for more than two centuries. A frame begins with ____57____ circle of bamboo ribs. Craftspeople split and smooth the bamboo, ____58____ (shape) each rib to an even curve. The ribs meet at a sliding ring, ____59____ allows the umbrella to open. Makers then cover ____60____ (they) with strong handmade paper. Several coats of oil are applied ____61____ (protect) the surface. Umbrellas ____62____ (paint) with birds or flowers must dry between layers. The final strength depends ____63____ careful tension across the frame. Experienced makers work more ____64____ (patient) than visitors expect, because tiny differences can affect repeated opening. Festivals and family ____65____ (ceremony) still create demand for the craft. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华。校青年志愿者协会将举行‘Micro-Volunteering Fair’，展示可在30分钟内完成的小型公益行动。请给交换生Ella写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 介绍活动目的；2. 邀请她设计并展示一个微志愿项目；3. 告知展示要求、时间和地点。注意：写作词数应为80左右；请按邮件格式作答。 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Nia and Corin decided to sew a cushion cover for the reading chair in their shared study corner. They collected fabric squares from old shirts and arranged them in a neat blue-and-grey pattern. Corin drew a grid showing exactly where each colour should go. After two rows were sewn, Nia counted the remaining pieces. Three blue squares were missing. Corin searched the bag twice and remembered that one shirt sleeve had been too worn to cut. He suggested buying new fabric, but the nearest shop was closed until Monday and they had promised to finish that weekend. Nia spread the unused pieces across the floor. Some were striped, one carried half a pocket, and two had small embroidered leaves. Corin disliked breaking the grid because the colours would no longer repeat evenly. Nia disliked pretending the unusual pieces did not belong simply because they had not appeared in the plan. They had enough fabric to finish the cover, just not enough to preserve the original pattern. Beside the sewing box lay chalk, a ruler and Corin's paper grid. The chair itself was plain wood, and the room needed no matching set. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 67. Paragraph 1: Nia placed the square with half a pocket in the centre of the unfinished row. Paragraph 2: When they pulled the finished cover over the cushion, the changed pattern looked intentional rather than incomplete. 答案与解析 21. 标准答案：A 解析：Wax and Pattern说明对香味敏感者可在预约时申请无香植物蜡，故选A。其余课程没有提前申请替代材料的安排。 22. 标准答案：B 解析：Hive Data Session要求自带能打开电子表格的笔记本电脑或平板，故选B。该课不进入蜂箱，A错误；C由中心提供；D由品尝课提供。 23. 标准答案：A 解析：花园步行适合8岁以上，但12岁以下需成人陪同，因此11岁参加者应与成人同行，选A。该活动不开放蜂箱；路线有碎石和台阶；防水记录卡由中心提供。 24. 标准答案：A 解析：第二段中孩子询问为什么展出一件在古代修补得很粗糙的锅，故选A。其余均不是孩子的问题。 25. 标准答案：A 解析：记录说明替换锅具对当时家庭成本更高，因此粗糙修补是延长使用的经济选择，故选A。B、C、D无原文依据。 26. 标准答案：B 解析：末段写她留下问题空行、主动邀请观察标签未解释之处，并把未知看作新知识的起点，体现开放和好奇，故选B。其余选项与其变化相反。 27. 标准答案：A 解析：文章围绕一个无法当场回答的问题改变Sumi的讲解观展开，A既概括事件又突出成长。B与放慢讲解相反，C、D夸大或偏离。 28. 标准答案：B 解析：第二段明确说明树根留在一侧，而真菌细丝可以穿过网进入含结合态磷的土壤，故选B。 29. 标准答案：A 解析：第三段写磷从矿物表面松脱，随后进入真菌细丝并移向树根，说明mobilize表示使原本固定的磷变得可移动、可利用，故选A。B与loosened相反，C错误地说凭空产生，D否认过程变化。 30. 标准答案：A 解析：两组幼苗土壤量相同，差别在于真菌细丝能否进入另一侧；连接真菌的幼苗积累更多磷，说明真菌通道而非额外土壤提高吸收，故选A。 31. 标准答案：A 解析：文章介绍树—真菌交换、容器实验、释放结合态磷的机制以及物种和环境限制，旨在解释营养通道及修复应用边界，故选A。B过度泛化，C、D不符。 32. 标准答案：A 解析：第二段指出若没有时间、交通和托育支持，随机邀请仍会偏向有能力承担参与成本的人，因此这些支持用于降低实际排除，故选A。 33. 标准答案：A 解析：第三段说明小组不能制定有约束力的法律，也不是缩小版政府，其作用是围绕特定议题创造共同审议空间，因此具有临时性，故选A。 34. 标准答案：A 解析：末段要求公开建议，说明接受哪些，并对拒绝部分给出理由，故选A。B过度，C未要求，D与透明回应相反。 35. 标准答案：C 解析：末段明确指出若报告消失且无回应，精心选择的小组就会沦为象征性活动，因此C正确。A、B、D反而有助于参与质量。 36. 标准答案：A 解析：空前要求先明确演讲者将帮助探讨的问题，A项把演讲者经历与该问题连接，空后由此解释听众为何现在听此人发言，故选A。B虽与引言长度相关，但奖项不能建立问题关联。 37. 标准答案：C 解析：空前反对堆砌奖项，C项要求只有能说明专业依据或视角的经历才使用；空后的Relevance概括该标准，故选C。B局部可接“引言短”，却会继续堆奖项，违背数量不如相关性的段落功能。 38. 标准答案：D 解析：空前要求向本人确认姓名和术语读音，D项说明正确称呼在论点开始前就传递尊重；空后继续说明可避免现场纠正，故选D。E谈结尾传记信息，无法承接pronunciation。 39. 标准答案：F 解析：空前要求说明标题、提问安排并欢迎演讲者，F项补充停顿、转身和欢迎动作，空后说明注意力转移应有意而非突然，故选F。E在结尾继续加传记信息局部看似完整，却会模糊交接。 40. 标准答案：G 解析：空前指出书面句可能过长，G项要求缩短需要中途换气的从句；空后自然语速和准时开场正是结果，故选G。B增加奖项会使句子更长，不能解决口语节奏。 41. 标准答案：B 解析：面对顾客质疑，Rafi最初想直接降低价格而不解释，lower the price搭配自然，故选B。其余动词不符合价格让步。 42. 标准答案：C 解析：姑妈要求他把选板、规划、设置、打磨和安装等每个环节都纳入说明，account for表示“说明并计入”，故选C。hide相反，repeat和replace不合。 43. 标准答案：A 解析：这些步骤不产生单独可售物，Rafi过去把它们视为附带、次要，incidental准确，故选A。其余不能解释omitting them。 44. 标准答案：B 解析：省略准备步骤会低估实际劳动，让细致工作看似偶然，understate表示“低估、说得不足”，故选B。其余不符。 45. 标准答案：A 解析：他改用通俗语言，避免用术语使顾客信息过载，overwhelming符合，故选A。inviting、rewarding、comparing不能表达术语负担。 46. 标准答案：B 解析：逐项说明工作与结果后，成本变得更易理解，intelligible准确，故选B。其余不描述可理解性。 47. 标准答案：A 解析：顾客仍删除装饰项，说明清楚报价并未阻止协商，反而改善协商，prevent符合，故选A。 48. 标准答案：B 解析：顾客了解各环节作用后再取舍，协商更有信息基础，informed准确，故选B。其余不体现理解后决策。 49. 标准答案：C 解析：他学会区分固守所有选择与向顾客传达选择理由，communicating the reasoning自然，故选C。其余不合。 50. 标准答案：B 解析：报价既要准确又要顾及沟通方式，tact表示“得体、圆融”，与precision并列合理，故选B。其余不体现客户沟通。 51. 标准答案：A 解析：选铰链和修边的时间过去被认为微不足道，negligible准确，并与如今计入价值形成对比，故选A。 52. 标准答案：C 解析：这些看不见的时间保证质量，属于物品价值的一部分，value最符合全文成本与劳动主题，故选C。 53. 标准答案：A 解析：好作品来自连续且有意识的选择，deliberate表示“深思熟虑的”，与accidental形成反义呼应，故选A。 54. 标准答案：B 解析：把决策链讲清可增进顾客信任，foster trust为自然搭配，故选B。其余不能表达建立信任。 55. 标准答案：D 解析：结尾说明他对报价单的重视达到与工具相当的实质程度，substantial最合适，故选D。optional、temporary、quiet均不能表达重要性。 56. 标准答案：have been made 解析：for more than two centuries表示从过去延续至今，umbrellas与make为被动关系，故用现在完成时被动have been made。 57. 标准答案：a 解析：circle为首次出现的可数名词单数，故填不定冠词a。 58. 标准答案：shaping 解析：句中已有谓语split and smooth，craftspeople与shape主动，故用现在分词shaping作伴随状语。 59. 标准答案：which 解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，which指代sliding ring并作主语。 60. 标准答案：them 解析：cover后需宾格代词，指代复数ribs，故填them。 61. 标准答案：to protect 解析：涂油的目的是保护表面，故用不定式to protect作目的状语。 62. 标准答案：painted 解析：umbrellas与paint为被动关系，过去分词painted作后置定语。 63. 标准答案：on 解析：depend on为固定搭配，表示强度取决于张力，故填on。 64. 标准答案：patiently 解析：修饰work应用副词，more后接patiently构成比较。 65. 标准答案：ceremonies 解析：family ceremony为可数名词，与Festivals并列并表示多种仪式，故用复数ceremonies。 66. 参考范文：Dear Ella, Our Youth Volunteer Association will hold a ‘Micro-Volunteering Fair’ next Tuesday at 4:00 p.m. in the student centre. It aims to show that useful community action can begin with a focused thirty-minute task. Would you design one micro-project and demonstrate how students could complete it safely? Please prepare a simple instruction card listing the purpose, materials and expected result; the activity should need no special training. Each demonstration will last four minutes. I hope you can join us and share your idea. Please reply by Friday. Best wishes, Li Hua 写作指导：邮件应说明活动下周二16:00在学生活动中心举行，旨在展示30分钟内可完成的聚焦公益行动；邀请Ella设计并演示一个无需特殊训练且安全可行的微志愿项目；要求准备列明目的、材料和预期结果的说明卡，并说明每次展示四分钟；最后请周五前回复。评分关注目的、项目约束、展示要求、时间地点和礼貌邀请。参考范文91词。 67. 参考范文：Nia placed the square with half a pocket in the centre of the unfinished row. She arranged the striped pieces on opposite sides and used the embroidered leaves near two corners. Corin studied the new line, then erased three blue marks from his grid. He redrew the pattern around the available pieces, checking that no heavy seams met at one point. Together they stitched the remaining rows, keeping the pocket open as a place for a bookmark. When they pulled the finished cover over the cushion, the changed pattern looked intentional rather than incomplete. The unusual squares gave the eye places to pause, while the blue and grey still held the design together. Corin slipped the revised grid into the pocket and laughed that the plan now had a home inside the result. Nia added the book she was reading. They had not hidden the shortage or copied the first design; they had let the actual materials shape a better one. 写作指导：续写应承接蓝布不足、商店关闭、现有布料足够但无法维持原网格，以及两人对规则整齐和特殊布块价值的分歧。第一段逐字使用段首句，写Nia把半口袋布置于中心，双方利用条纹和刺绣重排并由Corin修改网格后共同缝制；第二段逐字使用段首句，写成品图案统一且有变化，口袋实际用于放书签和新网格。不得由成人或新材料直接解决，也不得重复已经完成的缺料发现。评分关注材料数量、缝制顺序、双方观点转化和结尾自然。参考范文156词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $