01-高考阅读理解专题 任务单-2027年高三英语二轮复习

**基本信息** 高考阅读理解专项训练，通过典型篇章与精准解析，系统培养学生语言理解与逻辑推理能力，提升应试思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A篇|4题|细节定位法、词汇语境推断、主旨归纳|人物传记类文本的事件发展与品格提炼逻辑| |B篇|4题|段落主题句识别、作者态度分析|科技说明文的问题-挑战-趋势论证结构| |C篇|5题|上下文逻辑衔接、指代关系分析|社会现象类文章的问题归因与解决方案推导|

Branch 01 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Tu Youyou, a noble-spirited pharmaceutical chemist, achieved global recognition in 2015 when she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Her remarkable discovery of artemisinin, a novel treatment for malaria, has saved millions of lives, particularly in developing countries across tropical regions. Inspired by ancient Chinese medical texts, Tu initiated a systematic investigation of over 2,000 herbal recipes. Despite limited resources and a remote research institute, she refused to withdraw from the challenge. She maintained a firm belief that traditional wisdom could combine with modern science to yield a breakthrough. To isolate the active compound, Tu assembled a small team and designed an innovative extraction procedure. Instead of using high heat—which could destroy the delicate molecules—she applied a low-temperature solvent method. This critical decision required immense patience; she frequently scanned experimental data, adjusted parameters, and summarized previous results. Her persistence eventually paid off when she confirmed that the extract was highly effective against malaria parasites. Nevertheless, Tu did not assume success too quickly. Demonstrating extraordinary courage and professional integrity, she volunteered as the first human subject in clinical trials. Her colleagues were deeply impressed by her selfless devotion, and many exclaimed that her efforts deserved the highest honor. Tu's work revolutionized malaria therapy, reducing mortality rates significantly worldwide. She emphasized that the achievement should not belong to her alone but to her entire team. Currently, artemisinin-based combination therapies are the global standard treatment. Her legacy continues to inspire young scientists to explore alternative approaches in drug development. Nevertheless, Tu remains humble, insisting that persistence and creativity can overcome even the most formidable obstacles. She often reflects on the constant stress and burden she shouldered during those years, yet she never complains. Her journey illustrates that great achievements often arise from unexpected sources. Currently, Tu's story continues to fascinate the public. She prefers to attend academic conferences rather than seek media attention. When asked about her success, she tends to emphasize the support from her assistants and the superior teamwork. She cautiously advises young researchers to retain curiosity and accustom themselves to routine failures. Her vivid description of the emergency situations during early experiments impresses every listener. Tu's noble character and creative spirit serve as a powerful reminder that science is not about vain glory but about saving lives. Her story wanders through the horizon of traditional medicine and modern pharmacology, bridging the gap between East and West. 1. What was the key factor that enabled Tu Youyou to successfully extract artemisinin? A. Using high-temperature heating to speed up the chemical reaction. B. Applying a low-temperature solvent method to preserve the active molecules. C. Testing thousands of synthetic chemicals in a modern urban laboratory. D. Relying solely on advice from foreign experts. 2. The word "isolate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to: A. translate B. separate C. swallow D. wander 3. Which of the following best describes Tu Youyou's attitude toward her Nobel Prize? A. She prefers to take full personal credit and emphasizes her own superior intelligence. B. She considers it an optional recognition and does not care about it. C. She insists that the achievement belongs to her team and remains modest. D. She regrets accepting the prize because of political pressure. 4. What is the main message of this passage? A. Scientific breakthroughs always require expensive equipment and urban facilities. B. Persistent exploration and creative thinking, even with limited means, can lead to world-changing discoveries. C. Traditional medicine is completely superior to modern chemistry. D. Malaria can be eliminated without any chemical treatment. B In recent years, smart home technology has surrounded our daily lives, motivating millions of households to adjust to a new digital lifestyle. Approximately 45% of urban families now own at least one smart device, from voice-controlled lights to AI-powered security systems. However, this automatic transformation does not come smoothly; it requires homeowners to maintain a constant routine of software updates and device adjustments. Many previous assumptions about home management have been revived as smart systems expose users to both convenience and hidden shortcomings. One major debate centers on privacy. Smart devices frequently scan living spaces, transmit data to cloud servers, and potentially expose personal habitats to cyber risks. Nevertheless, manufacturers emphasize that encryption and automatic updates can minimize these threats. They assume that users will accustom themselves to new security procedures, but critics argue that the transmission of sensitive information remains a delicate issue. Some immigrant communities in rural areas, particularly older adults, are unwilling to adopt smart systems due to concerns about poisonous data leaks or unconscious data sharing. Officials have initiated public education campaigns to bridge the gap between technological theory and practical safety. Another challenge is the flexible integration of devices from different brands. A smart fridge may not combine well with a smart speaker, forcing users to assemble multiple apps and tolerate restless switching between interfaces. This complication accelerates the crisis of user frustration. Creative engineers are working to simplify connectivity, but the process reflects the stress of a rapidly expanding market. Despite these difficulties, smart homes offer vivid benefits: they can adjust lighting to reduce energy burden, detect water leaks before emergency damage, and even monitor the health of pregnant family members or those with disability. The potential to save time and labor is immense. Currently, the industry is exploring ways to retain user trust while promoting innovation. Some companies prefer to develop open-source platforms that support cross-brand compatibility. Others tend to restrict access to subordinate devices, creating a closed ecosystem. This divergence reflects a broader debate about whether smart homes should serve as automatic servants or interactive partners. Regardless, the trend is unavoidable. As one expert exclaimed, "We cannot forbid progress, but we must participate in shaping its direction." Grateful users appreciate the convenience, yet they remain cautious about over-reliance. The journey toward fully smart living is far from over, but it continues to fascinate and challenge us all. 5. What is the main concern raised about smart home technology in paragraph 2? A. The high cost of purchasing smart devices. B. The risk of privacy invasion through data transmission. C. The difficulty of installing devices in rural areas. D. The lack of automatic software updates. 6. The word "minimize" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to: A. ignore B. reduce C. delete D. expose 7. According to the passage, why are some elderly or immigrant users reluctant to adopt smart homes? A. They cannot afford the expensive equipment. B. They are worried about data leaks and unconscious data sharing. C. They prefer traditional rural lifestyles without electricity. D. They find the devices too automatic and boring. 8. What does the author imply about the future of smart home technology? A. It will eventually be forbidden by government officials. B. It will only succeed in urban areas, not rural ones. C. It is an unavoidable trend that requires active public participation and caution. D. It will completely eliminate all household burdens without any shortcomings. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C The Internet has become an essential part of modern life, but its rapid expansion has also brought about a growing crisis: the spread of misinformation.  9  From health rumors to fake political news, false information can spread faster than the truth, influencing public opinion and even endangering lives. One major reason for this problem is the way social media platforms are designed.  10  When a post receives many likes or shares, the algorithm interprets it as popular and pushes it to even more users. This creates a cycle where sensational content, regardless of its accuracy, tends to go viral. 11  Many people tend to trust information that confirms their existing beliefs, a psychological tendency known as confirmation bias. When they encounter a headline that matches their views, they are more likely to share it without checking its reliability. This unconscious behavior makes the problem even harder to solve. To address this crisis, tech companies have been trying various solutions. Some have introduced fact-checking labels on disputed posts.  12  However, these measures are far from perfect. False information can still slip through, and many users simply ignore the warnings. Experts agree that fighting misinformation requires a combined effort.  13  Schools should include digital literacy in their curriculum, teaching students how to evaluate sources and identify fake news. Meanwhile, individuals must develop the habit of pausing before sharing and verifying information through reliable channels. Only through such collective action can we hope to minimize the damage caused by the digital age's most dangerous byproduct. A. Users themselves also play a significant role in this process. B. Misinformation refers to false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally. C. Their algorithms are designed to maximize user engagement by promoting content that generates strong reactions. D. Governments around the world have passed laws to punish those who create fake news. E. Others have adjusted their algorithms to reduce the reach of unreliable sources. F. The government alone cannot solve this problem without the cooperation of the public. G. In recent years, the problem has become increasingly serious with the rise of social media. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：文中第二段明确指出："Instead of using high heat—which could destroy the delicate molecules—she applied a low-temperature solvent method." 低温溶剂法是成功提取青蒿素的关键技术突破。A项高温加热与文意相反；C项"现代城市实验室"和D项"完全依赖外国专家"文中均未提及。 第2题 答案：B 解析："isolate"在此上下文中意为从混合物中分离出单一化合物，与separate（分离）意思最接近。translate（翻译）、swallow（吞咽）、wander（徘徊）均不符合语境。 第3题 答案：C 解析：文中第三段提到"She emphasized that the achievement should not belong to her alone but to her entire team."，第四段提到"she remains humble"，说明她将成就归于团队并保持谦逊。A项"独揽荣誉"、B项"不在乎"、D项"后悔获奖"均与文意不符。 第4题 答案：B 解析：全文贯穿的主题是：屠呦呦在资源有限的条件下，通过坚持不懈和创造性思维取得了重大科学突破。A项过于绝对；C项"传统医学完全优于现代化学"过于片面；D项与文章内容相悖（文章肯定青蒿素作为化学疗法的作用）。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：第二段开头明确指出"One major debate centers on privacy"，并提到数据传输（transmission）和个人居住环境（habitats）可能暴露于网络风险，因此主要担忧是隐私侵犯。A项"成本"、C项"安装难度"、D项"缺少自动更新"均非该段重点。 第6题 答案：B 解析："minimize"意为"最小化、减少"，与reduce（减少）意思最接近。ignore（忽视）、delete（删除）、expose（暴露）均不符合语境。 第7题 答案：B 解析：第二段明确提到"Some immigrant communities in rural areas, particularly older adults, are unwilling to adopt smart systems due to concerns about poisonous data leaks or unconscious data sharing." 与B项完全对应。A项"负担不起"、C项"偏好无电的乡村生活"、D项"觉得设备太自动化和无聊"均与文意不符。 第8题 答案：C 解析：最后一段指出"the trend is unavoidable"（趋势不可阻挡），同时提到"we must participate in shaping its direction"（我们必须参与塑造其方向）以及用户应保持"cautious"（谨慎），因此C项"不可阻挡的趋势，需要公众积极参与和谨慎态度"最符合作者隐含观点。A项"被政府禁止"、B项"仅在城市成功"、D项"完全消除所有负担且无缺陷"均过于绝对，与文意不符。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：G 解析：前一句提到错误信息的传播已成为一个日益严重的危机（a growing crisis），G项"近年来，随着社交媒体的兴起，这个问题变得越来越严重"承接上文，具体说明这一危机的发展背景，自然引出下文关于虚假信息危害的论述。G项中的"in recent years"与上文的"has become"在时间上形成呼应。 第10题 答案：C 解析：前一句提到社交媒体平台的设计是问题的主要原因之一，C项"它们的算法旨在通过推广引发强烈反应的内容来最大化用户参与度"具体解释了"设计"指的是什么，即算法机制。后一句"当一篇帖子获得大量点赞或分享时，算法将其解读为受欢迎并推送给更多用户"正是对C项的具体展开说明。 第11题 答案：A 解析：该段论述用户自身的心理倾向（确认偏误）在问题中的作用。A项"用户本身在这个过程中也扮演着重要角色"是该段的主题句，概括了整段内容。下文"许多人倾向于相信证实他们现有信念的信息"正是对用户角色的具体阐释。 第12题 答案：E 解析：前一句提到科技公司引入事实核查标签，E项"其他公司则调整了算法以减少不可靠来源的覆盖面"与前一句构成并列关系（Some... Others...），共同说明科技公司采取的多种应对措施。后一句"然而，这些措施远非完美"中的"these measures"指代前两句提到的两种措施。 第13题 答案：F 解析：前一句提到打击错误信息需要联合努力（combined effort），后一句具体说明学校应如何做以及个人应如何做。F项"没有公众的合作，政府无法单独解决这个问题"起到了承上启下的作用：它先点明政府需要公众配合，为后文学校教育和个体行动的内容做铺垫。"the government"与后文的"Schools"和"individuals"形成了政府、学校、个人三方共同努力的逻辑链条。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $