05-高考阅读理解专题 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读核心题型，通过定位原文、语境分析、逻辑衔接等方法体系，系统覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意及七选五题型，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A篇（细节/词义/主旨）|4题|细节题定位原文关键句，词义题结合上下文语境，主旨题抓首尾段核心观点|从基础信息获取到深层含义理解，构建“定位-分析-归纳”递进逻辑| |B篇（细节/词义/观点态度）|4题|细节题精准定位，词义题语境推测，观点态度题分析情感倾向词|覆盖事实细节到观点推断，形成“信息筛选-逻辑推理”完整链条| |C篇（七选五）|5题|七选五关注承上启下逻辑，如总起-解释、问题-影响-应对关系|聚焦语篇衔接，强化句间逻辑关系辨识能力|

Branch 05 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Nature conservation has become one of the most urgent global challenges of our time. As human activities continue to expand, natural habitats are shrinking at an alarming rate, threatening the survival of countless species. The loss of biodiversity is not merely an environmental issue; it is a crisis that affects food security, human health, and the stability of ecosystems worldwide. One of the most effective strategies for protecting nature is the establishment of protected areas. National parks, wildlife reserves, and marine sanctuaries serve as safe havens where species can thrive without the pressure of human interference. Currently, approximately 15% of the world's land surface and 7% of its oceans are designated as protected areas. However, conservationists argue that these figures are insufficient and that much more ambition is needed to reverse the current trend of biodiversity loss. Another critical approach is restoration ecology—the practice of repairing damaged ecosystems. Forests that have been cleared for agriculture can be replanted; wetlands that have been drained can be restored; rivers that have been polluted can be cleaned. These efforts not only benefit wildlife but also provide essential services to human communities, such as clean water, flood control, and carbon storage. Successful restoration projects demonstrate that nature is remarkably resilient when given the opportunity to recover. Despite these positive examples, conservation efforts face significant obstacles. Funding is often inadequate, political will is sometimes lacking, and local communities may resist restrictions on their traditional land uses. Furthermore, the drivers of environmental degradation—such as climate change, pollution, and over-consumption—are global in scope and require international cooperation to address effectively. Ultimately, the success of nature conservation depends on a fundamental shift in human values and behaviors. We must recognize that human well-being is inseparable from the health of the natural world. As one environmentalist put it, "We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children." This powerful sentiment reminds us that conservation is not simply about protecting nature for its own sake—it is about securing a livable future for generations to come. 1. What is one of the most effective strategies for protecting nature mentioned in the passage? A. Increasing agricultural production. B. Establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves. C. Reducing the human population. D. Expanding urban development. 2. The underlined word "resilient" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to: A. fragile B. weak C. able to recover D. dependent 3. What obstacles to conservation efforts are mentioned in paragraph 4? A. Lack of scientific research. B. Inadequate funding, lack of political will, and local resistance. C. Too many protected areas. D. Excessive international cooperation. 4. What is the author's main message about nature conservation? A. It is hopeless and should be abandoned. B. It depends on a fundamental shift in human values and behaviors. C. It is solely the responsibility of governments. D. It is unnecessary for human well-being. B The electric vehicle (EV) industry has experienced remarkable growth over the past decade, driven by advances in battery technology, increasing environmental awareness, and supportive government policies. What was once considered a niche product has now become a viable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars, with major manufacturers competing fiercely to capture market share. One of the most significant advantages of EVs is their reduced environmental impact. Unlike conventional vehicles that emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions. Furthermore, as electricity generation becomes cleaner with the increased use of renewable energy sources, the overall carbon footprint of EVs continues to decrease. This transition to cleaner transportation is widely regarded as critical for meeting international climate goals. However, the rapid adoption of EVs is not without its challenges. One major concern is the availability of charging infrastructure. In many regions, especially rural areas, charging stations are still scarce, making long-distance travel impractical. This "range anxiety"—the fear of running out of power before reaching a charging point—remains a significant barrier for potential buyers. Another issue is the environmental cost of battery production. Mining for lithium, cobalt, and other rare metals can cause significant ecological damage, including soil pollution and water scarcity. Furthermore, the disposal of used batteries poses a growing waste management problem. Companies are investing heavily in battery recycling technology and researching alternative materials to address these concerns. Despite these hurdles, the future of EVs looks promising. Falling battery costs, improving technology, and expanding charging networks are making EVs increasingly accessible to ordinary consumers. Governments around the world are setting ambitious targets for phasing out petrol and diesel vehicles, creating a strong incentive for manufacturers to innovate. As one industry analyst observed, "The question is no longer whether EVs will dominate the market, but how quickly." 5. What is one of the main environmental benefits of electric vehicles mentioned in the passage? A. They are cheaper to produce than gasoline cars. B. They produce zero tailpipe emissions. C. They require less maintenance than traditional cars. D. They can travel longer distances without recharging. 6. The underlined word "scarce" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to: A. expensive B. insufficient C. advanced D. reliable 7. What concern about EV batteries is raised in paragraph 4? A. They are not powerful enough for long distances. B. Their production causes ecological damage and waste management problems. C. They are too heavy for most vehicles. D. They cannot be recycled at all. 8. What is the author's overall outlook on the future of electric vehicles? A. Strongly pessimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Cautiously optimistic. D. Deeply skeptical. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C Blind box culture has become a global phenomenon in recent years, particularly among young consumers. A blind box is a mysterious package that contains a random toy or collectible from a series; the buyer does not know which item they will receive until they open it. 9 From Japan's gashapon to China's trendy toy stores, blind boxes have captured the imagination of millions. The appeal of blind boxes lies in the excitement of uncertainty and the thrill of collecting. 10 For many, the process of opening a blind box provides a brief escape from the routine pressures of daily life. This psychological reward is similar to gambling—although on a much smaller scale—and explains why some consumers become addicted to buying box after box. Critics, however, have raised concerns about the negative effects of blind box consumption. The cost of collecting an entire series can be astonishingly high, sometimes exceeding the value of the items themselves. 11 Some young people reportedly spend a significant portion of their monthly income on blind boxes, neglecting more essential expenses. Furthermore, blind boxes have been criticized for encouraging waste. Many collectors end up with duplicate items that they do not want, which often end up in landfills. 12 In response, some companies have introduced recycling programs or allowed customers to exchange duplicates through official channels. Despite these criticisms, the popularity of blind boxes shows no sign of slowing down. The industry continues to innovate, offering collaborations with artists and licensed characters that attract new fans. 13 As long as they are enjoyed responsibly, blind boxes can be a harmless source of joy rather than a financial burden. A. This element of surprise is what makes blind boxes so addictive and entertaining. B. The concept is simple but the emotional response it triggers is complex. C. This has led to concerns about the environmental impact of the blind box craze. D. The blind box market is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. E. For some, the desire to obtain a rare or limited-edition item can become a financial trap. F. Many collectors are willing to pay high prices for boxes that might contain their favorite characters. G. Ultimately, the key is to treat blind box collecting as a form of entertainment rather than an investment. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：文中第二段明确指出："One of the most effective strategies for protecting nature is the establishment of protected areas. National parks, wildlife reserves, and marine sanctuaries serve as safe havens." A项"增加农业生产"、C项"减少人口"、D项"扩大城市发展"均与文意相反。 第2题 答案：C 解析："resilient"意为"有韧性的、能恢复的"，与able to recover（能够恢复）意思最接近。fragile（脆弱的）、weak（虚弱的）、dependent（依赖的）均不符合语境。 第3题 答案：B 解析：文中第四段明确指出："Funding is often inadequate, political will is sometimes lacking, and local communities may resist restrictions on their traditional land uses." A项"缺乏科学研究"、C项"保护区太多"、D项"过多的国际合作"均与文意不符。 第4题 答案：B 解析：文中最后一段明确指出："the success of nature conservation depends on a fundamental shift in human values and behaviors." A项"绝望应放弃"、C项"仅是政府责任"、D项"对人类福祉不必要"均与文意不符。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：文中第二段明确指出："Unlike conventional vehicles that emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions." A项"生产成本更低"、C项"维护需求更少"、D项"续航里程更长"均非文中所述环境效益。 第6题 答案：B 解析："scarce"意为"稀缺的、不足的"，与insufficient（不足的）意思最接近。expensive（昂贵的）、advanced（先进的）、reliable（可靠的）均不符合语境。 第7题 答案：B 解析：文中第四段明确指出："Mining for lithium, cobalt, and other rare metals can cause significant ecological damage"和"the disposal of used batteries poses a growing waste management problem." A项"动力不足以跑长途"、C项"太重"、D项"完全无法回收"均与文意不符。 第8题 答案：C 解析：文中最后一段既指出了挑战（hurdles）也表达了乐观（future looks promising, increasingly accessible），因此作者态度是"谨慎乐观"。A项"非常悲观"、B项"漠不关心"、D项"深感怀疑"均不准确。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：B 解析：前一句介绍了盲盒的定义，指出买家直到打开才知道得到什么。B项"概念简单但触发的情感反应是复杂的"承上启下，从前句的具体定义过渡到下句关于全球流行范围的描述。A项中的"element of surprise"虽相关，但后一句已转向全球流行，B项作为过渡句更为自然。 第10题 答案：A 解析：前一句提到盲盒的吸引力在于不确定性和收集的刺激感，A项"这种惊喜元素正是盲盒如此令人上瘾和有趣的原因"直接承接前句，具体解释了"吸引力"（appeal）的内涵，形成"总起+解释"的关系。 第11题 答案：E 解析：前一句提到收藏整套系列的花费可能惊人，有时超过物品本身价值，E项"对一些人来说，获得稀有或限量版的渴望可能变成财务陷阱"承接上文，进一步说明这种消费模式可能导致的后果。后一句提到年轻人将月收入的显著部分花在盲盒上，正是对"财务陷阱"的具体例证。 第12题 答案：C 解析：前一句提到许多收藏者最终得到不想要的重复物品，这些物品最终进入垃圾填埋场，C项"这引发了人们对盲盒热潮环境影响的担忧"总结了前句所述现象的影响，并引出后句关于公司推出回收计划的应对措施，形成"问题→担忧→应对"的完整逻辑链。 第13题 答案：G 解析：前一句提到行业不断创新吸引新粉丝，后一句提到只要负责任地享受，盲盒可以成为快乐的来源而非财务负担。G项"归根结底，关键是把收藏盲盒视为娱乐形式而非投资"起到总结全文的作用，与后句形成"建议+条件"的逻辑关系。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $