12-高考阅读理解专题 任务单-2027年高三英语二轮复习

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读核心题型，通过科技、教育、生活多题材语篇，系统整合细节定位、逻辑推理、语篇衔接等解题方法，构建“方法-知识-素养”三维训练体系，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A篇（细节理解）|4题（环保科技）|细节定位+选项排除|技术原理-应用优势-现实挑战| |B篇（推理判断）|4题（教育心理）|概念理解+逻辑推理|神经科学原理-学习策略推导| |C篇（七选五）|5题（生活技能）|段落衔接+语境匹配|问题提出-解决步骤-实践建议|

Branch 12 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the eastern province of Shandong, an unusual sight greets visitors to the reservoirs near the city of Jinan. Thousands of solar panels float serenely on the water's surface, their blue surfaces reflecting the sky above. These floating solar farms, also known as "floatovoltaics," represent an innovative solution to two pressing challenges: the need for renewable energy and the preservation of valuable land resources. Traditional solar farms require vast areas of land, often competing with agriculture and natural habitats. By placing panels on water bodies, China is circumventing this land-use conflict while simultaneously reducing water evaporation. The panels create a shade that decreases water temperature and slows evaporation, which is particularly valuable in drought-prone regions. Studies have shown that floating solar installations can reduce evaporation by up to 30 percent, effectively saving millions of gallons of water annually. The technology also benefits from the cooling effect of water. Solar panels operate more efficiently at lower temperatures, and the water beneath helps dissipate heat, increasing energy output by 5 to 10 percent compared to land-based systems. This synergy between energy generation and water conservation has made floatovoltaics an increasingly attractive option for countries with limited land and abundant water surfaces. China has rapidly become a global leader in this technology. According to the National Energy Administration, the country's floating solar capacity has grown exponentially, with major projects in regions ranging from the humid south to the arid north. These projects are often integrated with existing hydroelectric infrastructure, allowing for shared transmission lines and reducing overall costs. In some cases, the combination of solar and hydroelectric power has created hybrid systems that provide stable electricity even when sunlight is inconsistent. However, challenges remain. The installation and maintenance of floating panels are more complex and expensive than land-based versions. Environmental concerns have also been raised about the long-term impact on aquatic ecosystems, including potential effects on fish populations and water quality. Researchers are conducting ongoing studies to assess these impacts and develop mitigation strategies. Despite these obstacles, the potential of floating solar is undeniable. For a country like China, which possesses numerous reservoirs, lakes, and flooded mining pits, the technology offers a compelling path toward a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. 1.What is the main advantage of floating solar farms over traditional land-based solar farms? A. They cost less to install and maintain. B. They do not require any sunlight to function. C. They save land resources and reduce water evaporation. D. They produce more energy than any other renewable source. 2.Why do floating solar panels produce more energy than land-based panels? A. They are made of more expensive materials. B. The water cools the panels and improves their efficiency. C. They are closer to the electricity grid. D. They receive more hours of direct sunlight. 3.How has China integrated floating solar with other energy systems? A. By replacing all hydroelectric dams with solar panels. B. By building solar panels on the ocean floor. C. By combining solar with existing hydroelectric infrastructure. D. By using solar energy to pump water for irrigation. 4.What environmental concern is mentioned about floating solar farms? A. They cause too much noise pollution. B. They may negatively affect fish and water quality. C. They attract too many birds. D. They release harmful chemicals into the water. B For decades, educators believed that intelligence was largely fixed and that learning simply involved transferring information into a passive brain. Modern neuroscience has dramatically transformed this view, revealing a dynamic, adaptable organ that physically changes in response to experience. This concept, known as neuroplasticity, has profound implications for how we approach education and personal development. The brain is composed of billions of neurons connected by synapses. When we learn something new, these synapses strengthen or weaken, and entirely new connections can form. This process is driven by the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, which signals that something is rewarding or important. The more frequently a neural pathway is activated, the more efficient it becomes, which is why practice and repetition are essential for skill acquisition. This is also why distributed practice—studying in short sessions over time—is more effective than cramming, as it allows the brain to consolidate memories during sleep. Emotion plays a surprisingly significant role in learning. The amygdala, a brain region involved in processing emotion, interacts closely with the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory formation. Information that is accompanied by strong emotions—whether positive or negative—tends to be remembered more vividly. This explains why students often recall emotional events from history class more easily than dry factual lists. Educators are increasingly incorporating emotionally engaging content and storytelling into their teaching to enhance retention. Another key finding is the importance of active recall. Simply re-reading notes or textbooks creates an illusion of mastery. The brain learns most effectively when it is forced to retrieve information from memory. Testing oneself, explaining concepts to others, and applying knowledge to new situations all strengthen neural connections far more than passive review. This principle has led to the rise of active learning strategies in classrooms worldwide. Interestingly, the brain also learns from mistakes. When we make an error, the brain experiences a spike in activity that signals a "prediction error." This attention-grabbing signal actually promotes deeper processing, making us more likely to remember the correct information next time. Therefore, a learning environment that encourages risk-taking and views errors as opportunities rather than failures can significantly accelerate progress. These insights are reshaping education. Schools are moving away from one-size-fits-all instruction toward personalized learning that respects individual cognitive differences. Understanding how the brain learns empowers both teachers and students to create more effective, engaging, and joyful learning experiences. 5.What does the concept of neuroplasticity suggest about the brain? A. The brain stops changing after childhood. B. The brain can physically change in response to experience. C. Some people are born with better brains than others. D. The brain only changes during sleep. 6.Why is distributed practice more effective than cramming? A. It requires less total study time. B. It prevents the brain from getting tired. C. It allows the brain to consolidate memories over time. D. It is easier to schedule into a busy day. 7.How does emotion affect learning according to the passage? A. It distracts the brain from processing information. B. It has no effect on memory formation. C. It enhances memory retention for emotionally charged events. D. It only helps with learning language, not math. 8.What does the author say about learning from mistakes? A. Mistakes should be completely avoided. B. Mistakes are a sign of low intelligence. C. Mistakes trigger brain activity that promotes learning. D. Mistakes only help with memorizing facts. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C In a world that constantly demands our time and attention, saying no can feel surprisingly difficult. Whether it is a colleague asking for help, a friend inviting you to an event, or a family member requesting a favor, we often say yes out of guilt, fear of disappointing others, or a desire to be liked. However, the inability to say no can lead to burnout, resentment, and a loss of control over your own life. Learning to say no graciously is an essential life skill. The first step is recognizing that saying no is not inherently selfish. When you say yes to everything, you are saying no to your own priorities, including your health, personal time, and important goals. (9) ______ Protecting your boundaries allows you to show up more fully for the commitments you truly value. One common fear is that saying no will damage relationships. However, healthy relationships are built on honesty and mutual respect, not on constant accommodation. (10) ______ In fact, people often appreciate your honesty and may even respect you more for being clear about your limits. Timing and delivery matter. A direct but polite response is usually the best approach. Instead of giving a long, apologetic explanation, keep your refusal simple. (11) ______ This prevents the conversation from becoming uncomfortable and reduces the chance of being persuaded to change your mind. Another useful technique is offering alternatives when appropriate. If you cannot take on a project, suggest another colleague who might be available. If you cannot attend an event, propose a coffee date another time. (12) ______ It turns a rejection into a demonstration of your willingness to help within reasonable limits. Lastly, practice. Like any skill, saying no becomes easier with repetition. Start with small, low-stakes requests to build your confidence. (13) ______ Each time you say no to what does not serve you, you are saying yes to what truly matters. 选项（A-G）： A. This shows that you are not simply shutting the door. B. You have every right to prioritize your own well-being. C. A simple "I can't commit to this right now" often works well. D. This allows you to avoid all social interactions completely. E. Friends who care about you will understand your limitations. F. Saying yes to everything is the key to success in life. G. Over time, you will become more comfortable setting boundaries. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：C 解析：第二段指出浮动太阳能农场"circumventing this land-use conflict while simultaneously reducing water evaporation"，即节省土地资源并减少水分蒸发。A项"安装维护成本更低"与第五段"更复杂、更昂贵"相反；B项"不需要阳光"违反常识；D项"比任何其他可再生能源发电更多"未提及且过于绝对。 第2题 答案：B 解析：第三段指出"the water beneath helps dissipate heat, increasing energy output by 5 to 10 percent"，即水冷却面板提高效率。A项"材料更贵"不是原因；C项"离电网更近"未提及；D项"获得更多直射阳光"不成立。 第3题 答案：C 解析：第四段提到"integrated with existing hydroelectric infrastructure, allowing for shared transmission lines"。A项"用太阳能取代所有水坝"过于极端；B项"建在海床上"、D项"用太阳能抽水灌溉"均未提及。 第4题 答案：B 解析：第五段指出"concerns have been raised about the long-term impact on aquatic ecosystems, including potential effects on fish populations and water quality"。A项"噪音污染"、C项"吸引过多鸟类"、D项"释放有害化学物质"均未提及。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：第一段指出神经可塑性意味着大脑"physically changes in response to experience"。A项"童年之后停止变化"是旧观点；C项"有些人天生大脑更好"是旧观点；D项"只在睡眠中变化"过于片面。 第6题 答案：C 解析：第二段指出分散练习"allows the brain to consolidate memories during sleep"。A项"总时间更少"不准确；B项"防止疲劳"不是主要原因；D项"更容易安排"不是根本原因。 第7题 答案：C 解析：第三段指出"information accompanied by strong emotions tends to be remembered more vividly"。A项"分散注意力"相反；B项"没有影响"与原文矛盾；D项"只帮助语言学习"未提及。 第8题 答案：C 解析：第五段指出"the brain experiences a spike in activity... promotes deeper processing, making us more likely to remember the correct information"。A项"应完全避免错误"与"鼓励冒险"相反；B项"错误是低智商的标志"与原文相悖；D项"只帮助记忆事实"过于局限。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：B 解析：前文"对一切说yes等于对自己的优先事项说no"，B项"你完全有权优先考虑自己的福祉"是对此的肯定和升华，后文"保护界限让你更能投入真正重视的承诺"进一步说明。 第10题 答案：E 解析：前文"健康关系建立在诚实和相互尊重之上"，E项"关心你的朋友会理解你的限制"说明真正健康的友谊经得起合理的拒绝，后文"人们会欣赏你的诚实"与之呼应。 第11题 答案：C 解析：前文"保持简短直接"，C项"简单的'我现在无法承诺这个'通常就很有效"是直接可用的示例，后文"这防止对话变得尴尬"具体说明了简短的益处。 第12题 答案：A 解析：前文"无法参加会议时可以提议改天喝咖啡"，A项"这表明你并非简单关上门"解释了提供替代方案的意义，后文"把拒绝变成合理范围内愿意帮忙的表现"进一步深化。 第13题 答案：G 解析：前文"从小事开始练习建立信心"，G项"随着时间推移，你会对设定界限感到更自在"总结了练习的长期效果，作为结尾与开篇形成呼应。D项"这让你完全避免所有社交互动"与全文倡导"合理拒绝而非逃避"的基调相悖；F项"对一切说是成功的关键"与全文核心观点完全相反。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $