Unit 1 Great people（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“Great people”主题，通过表格对比（如discover/invent等易混词辨析）、句型结构分析（如even though让步状语从句）等工具系统梳理知识体系，涵盖人物品质词汇、be+形容词+that从句语法及人物传记写作要点，清晰呈现重难点分布与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+综合应用”的分层练习设计，如通过“袁隆平是全世界最杰出的农业科学家之一”翻译题巩固“one of+最高级”句型，结合完形填空、阅读理解培养语言能力与思维品质。每个知识点配易错提醒，助力基础学生掌握方法，优秀学生深入探究，为教师精准教学提供支持。

Unit 1 Great people（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 围绕 Great people 主题，掌握伟人的生平、品格、成就与历史影响的英文表达。 2. 积累人物品质、行业、成就、评价类词汇短语。 3. 掌握 be + 形容词 + that 宾语从句；分清一般过去时（生平）、现在完成时（长远影响）。 4. 能口头、书面完整介绍人物，学会写人物传记，提升中外人物评述能力。 复习重难点 重点：形容词 that 宾语从句用法；人物写作常用句型；主题词汇短语。 难点：形容词搭配 that 从句；写作中按时间逻辑梳理人物事迹，兼顾客观经历与主观评价，行文条理清晰。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：Contribution：She discovered qinghaosu , one of the world's most effective treatments for malaria.贡献：她发现了青蒿素，这是全球最有效的疟疾治疗药物之一。（教材P4） ①discover：v. 发现 【派生】discovery n. 发现→ discoveries（复数） 例句： His discovery changed the way people viewed the solar system.（教材P5） 他的发现彻底改变了人们对太阳系的认知方式。 【易混辨析】discover、find、find out 与invent 单词 含义 用法区别 例句 discover 发现 事物本身存在，首次被人类知晓 She discovered qinghaosu. 她发现了青蒿素。 invent 发明 从无到有创造新东西 Edison invented lights. 爱迪生发明电灯。 find 找到 侧重寻找丢失物品，强调找寻结果 I find my lost bag. 我找到了丢失的包。 find out 查明，弄清 需要调查、询问、思考才能得知 The police tried their best to find out the truth. 警方尽全力查明真相。 ② one of the world's most effective treatments 世界上最有效的疗法之一 【固定句型】 one of + 限定词+形容词最高级+可数名词复数；含义：…… 中最…… 的一个 / 之一 【即时小练】 1.The ________ (discover) of qinghaosu saved millions of lives.(用所给词的正确形式填空) 【答案：discovery 【详解】定冠词 The 后需填名词，discover 的名词形式 discovery，表 “发现”。 2. 袁隆平是全世界最杰出的农业科学家之一。（句子翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Yuan Longping is one of the world's most outstanding agricultural scientists. 【详解】套用核心句型 one of + the world's + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数；outstanding 表示杰出的，agricultural scientists 农业科学家。 3. Humans ________ new stars with the telescope every year. A. invent B. discover C. find out D. find 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人类每年借助望远镜发现新的恒星。 invent 发明（创造全新事物）；discover 发现（事物原本存在，首次被知晓）；find out 查明（经调查获知信息）；find 找到（找回丢失物品）。恒星本身客观存在，只是被观测到，故选 discover。 4.My father ________ a new type of robot to help clean rooms last year. A. discovered B. found C. invented D. found out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年我爸爸发明了一款新型机器人来打扫房间。 discover 发现已存在事物；find 找到丢失物品；invent 发明从前不存在的新物品；find out 查明真相 / 信息。机器人是全新创造的产品，且时间为 last year 用过去式，故选 invented。 5. Please ________ the exact time of the meeting and tell me later. A. find out B. discover C. invent D. find 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请查清楚会议准确时间，稍后告诉我。 find out 指通过询问、查询弄清信息；discover 发现客观存在的事物；invent 发明新东西；find 寻找并找回物品。会议时间需要查询核实，故选 find out。 知识点2：Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand. 王贞仪学习了越来越多天文学和数学知识，尽管科学典籍里的文字十分古旧、晦涩难懂。（教材P4） ①句子结构分析：本句为主从复合句，由 even though 引导让步状语从句。 主句：Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics； 让步状语从句：even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand even though 为让步连词，表 “尽管、虽然”；从句主语 the language，in the science books 作后置定语修饰主语；was 为系动词，old-fashioned 与 difficult to understand 为并列形容词表语。 ② old-fashioned adj. 陈旧的、古旧的； 反义词：fashionable adj. 新潮的；时髦的 【即时小练】 1．The chair looks ________, but my grandma still likes it. A．significant B．old-fashioned C．concentrated D．convinced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这把椅子看起来过时了，但是我的奶奶仍然喜欢它。 significant重要的；old-fashioned过时的；concentrated集中的；convinced确信的。根据“but my grandma still likes it”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，虽然椅子看起来样式老旧，但奶奶仍然喜欢。old-fashioned符合语境。 2．________ the road was full of traffic, we still got to school on time. A．But B．Even though C．So D．Because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管路上交通拥堵，我们还是准时到校了。 But但是；Even though即使；So所以；Because因为。前后句是让步关系，需要用连接词引导让步状语从句。even though符合逻辑。 3. 虽然这项工作十分枯燥，但她依然认真完成了。（句子翻译） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She finished the work carefully even though it was boring. 知识点3：In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics.王贞仪除了在数学、天文学领域取得诸多成就外，还是一位出色的诗人，她的诗作探讨的题材极具超前现代感。（教材P5） ① 辨析In addition to 与in addition 短语 词性 用法 例句 in addition to 介词短语 后面加名词/doing In addition to his hard work, he has a sharp mind. 除了勤奋努力，他头脑十分敏锐。 in addition 副词短语 单独使用，后面加逗号，再接完整句子 Reading improves your writing skills. In addition, it broadens your horizons. 阅读能提升写作能力，此外，还能开阔眼界。 ② poet n. 诗人 【派生词 】 poem n. （可数）一首诗 例：write a poem 写一首诗 poetry n. （不可数）诗歌（总称）；诗意 例：study poetry 研读诗歌 poetic adj. 诗歌的；富有诗意的 例：poetic language 诗意的语言 【即时小练】选词填空 1.用 in addition, in addition to 填空 ①____________ studying science, Wang Zhenyi loved literature. ②She made great progress in maths. ____________, she became a famous writer. ①【答案】In addition to 【详解】空格后为动名词 studying，介词短语 in addition to 后可接名词 / 动名词，符合搭配；in addition 后不能直接接单词。 ②【答案】In addition 【详解】空格后有逗号，后面是完整句子，副词短语 in addition 单独使用，表 “此外”。 2. 用 poet /poem/poetry /poetic 适当形式填空 ①Li Bai is one of the greatest ________ in ancient China. 【答案】poets 【详解】one of 后接可数名词复数；poet 表示 “诗人”，复数形式 poets。 ②She wrote a short ________ about the stars last week. 【答案】poem 【详解】不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数，poem 指单首诗歌。 ③Many students enjoy reading Chinese ________ in their free time. 【答案】poetry 【详解】此处表示诗歌这一类文学体裁，为总称，用不可数名词 poetry。 ④Her article is full of beautiful and ________ words. 【答案】poetic 【详解】修饰名词 words 需用形容词，poetic 意为 “富有诗意的”。 知识点4：①With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending's famous book about calculation. 基于这一考虑，她重写了数学家梅文鼎那本关于计算的著名著作。（教材P4） ②With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper.他手中握着一支毛笔,正忙着在一张纸上书写。（教材P14） ①with复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （宾补常见五类形式：介词短语、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词。） 介词短语：With a bag on her back, she went travelling. 她背着背包去旅行。 形容词：With the door open, the room is cool. 门开着，房间很凉快。 副词：With the lights on, he fell asleep. 灯亮着，他就睡着了。 现在分词（主动 / 进行）：With wind blowing hard, we stayed at home. 狂风大作，我们待在了家里。 过去分词（被动 / 完成）：With his work finished, he went out for a walk. 工作完成后，他出门散步了。 ② be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 拓展同义短语：be busy with + 名词 例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner every evening.妈妈每晚都忙着做晚饭。 【即时小练】 1.________, we should make a careful plan first. A．With this in mind B．In fact C．At last D．All the time 【答案】A 【详解】句意：考虑到这一点，我们应当先制定周密的计划。 With this in mind考虑到这一点；In fact事实上，At last最后；All the time一直。应是考虑到这一点，先制定周密的计划，With this in mind意为“考虑到这一点”，符合语境。 2. She is busy researching ancient maths books.（改为 be busy with） ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She is busy with research on ancient maths books. 【详解】be busy doing = be busy with + 名词，research 为名词，表研究工作。 知识点5：...be considered to be... 被认为是/ 被看作...（教材P11） consider：及物动词 v. 认为；考虑 变形：considers（三单），considered（过去式/过去分词），considering（现在分词） 【核心固定搭配】 ①be considered to be +名词/形容词 被认为是……（本句核心句型，被动语态） 例句：Tu Youyou is considered to be a great scientist.屠呦呦被认为是一位伟大的科学家。 ②consider sb./sth. (as) +名词 认为某人 / 某物是……（主动语态，as可省略） 例句：We consider him (as) our role model.我们把他视作我们的榜样。 ③consider doing sth. 考虑做某事（表思考、打算） 例句：She considers studying medicine in the future.她考虑将来学医。 ④consider +宾语从句 认为…… 例句：I consider that hard work leads to success.我认为努力才能成功。 【即时小练】 1. 这种植物被认为在医药方面十分有用。（句子翻译） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This plant is considered to be very useful in medicine. 2．Marie Curie is considered ________ one of the greatest scientists in history. A．be B．being C．to be D．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽·居里被认为是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。 be是（原形）；being是（动名词）；to be是（动词不定式）；is是（一般现在时态下第三人称单数形式）。固定搭配be considered to be意为“被认为是……”，此处应用动词不定式作主语补足语。 3．We are considering ________ a trip to Paris this summer. A．take B．to take C．taking D．took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们正考虑今年夏天去巴黎旅行。 take（动词原形）；to take（动词不定式）；taking（动名词）；took（动词过去式）。固定搭配 consider doing sth 意为 “考虑做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。 知识点6：Through his/her hard work, he/she managed to…通过他的/她的努力工作，他/她成功做到了……（教材P13） manage：动词；设法做成、成功完成（克服困难，最终做成难事） ①变形：manages（三单），managed（过去式/过去分词），managing（现在分词） ②派生：manager n. 经理；管理者 management n. 管理；管理层 manageable adj. 易处理的；可管理的 【用法搭配】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 例句：Through years of hard work, Yuan Longping managed to develop hybrid rice. 经过多年艰苦工作，袁隆平成功培育出杂交水稻。 【即时小练】 1．Despite many failures, the team managed ________ a new vaccine after years of research. A．to develop B．developing C．developed D．develop 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管经历了许多失败，经过多年的研究，这个团队设法研制出了一种新疫苗。 manage to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，manage后接动词不定式作宾语，to develop符合语境。 2. 尽管考试很难，她还是成功通过了。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She managed to pass the exam though it was hard. 知识点7：The taste of truth is sweet.真理的味道是甜的。（教材P14） truth：名词 n. 真相；真理；事实 【派生】true adj. 真实的；正确的 truly adv. 真实地；真诚地 例句：I truly believe in the power of truth. 我由衷相信真理的力量。 【用法搭配】the truth of …… 的真相/真理 tell the truth 说实话 find out the truth 查明真相 【即时小练】 1．To tell the ________, real greatness comes from ________ helping others, not just personal success. A．true; truly B．truth; true C．true; true D．truth; truly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：说实话，真正的伟大源自真正地帮助他人，而不仅仅是个人的成功。 true真的，形容词；truth事实，名词；truly真正地，副词。固定短语to tell the truth“说实话”，用于句首，作插入语，符合语境；第二空修饰动名词helping，需用副词truly。 2. 选词填空（true/ truth/truly） ① It’s ________ that he will give up the chance. ② Can you tell me the ________ of the accident? ③ I ________ believe that everything will be better. 【答案】① true ② truth ③ truly 【详解①】句意：他会放弃这次机会，这是真的。 true 为形容词，意为真实的；本句固定句型 It’s + 形容词 + that 从句，be 动词后用形容词作表语，故填 true。 【详解②】句意：你能告诉我这起事故的真相吗？ truth 为名词，意为真相、事实；定冠词 the 后需要接名词作 tell 的宾语，故填 truth。 【详解③】句意：我由衷地相信一切都会变好。 truly 为副词，意为真正地、真诚地；空格修饰动词 believe，修饰动词要用副词，故填 truly。 知识点8：It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink! 据说他全神贯注地翻译《共产党宣言》，以至于完全没有意识到自己正在吃墨水！（教材P14） ①be concentrated on 全神贯注于；同义短语：focus on；后接名词或动名词。 例句：She is concentrated on her homework. 她专心写作业。 ②It is said that... 据说。固定形式主语句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面的从句。 例句：It is said that he is a great writer. 据说他是一位伟大的作家。 ③so...that... 如此…… 以至于。引导结果状语从句，so 后接形容词 / 副词。 例句：He was so busy that he forgot to eat. 他太忙了，忘了吃饭。 【即时小练】 1．He was ________ concentrated on reading ________ he missed the last bus. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D.very; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他看书看得太投入，以至于错过了末班车。 so…that… 意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，so 后接形容词 / 副词；too…to… 表示 “太…… 而不能”；such 后接名词短语。本空后为形容词 concentrated，故选 B。 2. She is concentrated ______ studying English these days.(单句语法填空) 【答案】on 【详解】句意：这些天她全身心投入学习英语。 固定短语 be concentrated on 表示 “全神贯注于”，on 为介词，后接名词或动名词，故填 on。 3. 据说她每天下午都专心练习钢琴。（句子翻译） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is said that she concentrates on practicing the piano every afternoon. 单元语法：be +形容词+that 从句 一、用法 在英语中，我们常用“形容词+that从句"的结构来表达对某件事的看法、情感或判断。 形容词描述我们的感受（如glad、sorry、sure等)；that引导宾语从句，口语中可省略，书面建议保留；从句是完整陈述句。 I'm glad that I have learnt a lot about the great Chinese writer and thinker. 我很高兴我了解了很多关于这位伟大的中国作家和思想家的事情。 Tu Youyou was confident that her team could find a treatment for the deadly disease. 屠呦呦相信她的团队能够找到治疗这种致命疾病的方法。 二、常用形容词 分类 形容词示例 情感（高兴、难过、惊讶等） glad, happy, sad, sorry, surprised, worried 确定性（确信、怀疑等） sure, certain, confident, doubtful 判断（对 / 错、重要等） right, wrong, important, necessary 三、拓展：be+形容词+wh-clause 当形容词为 not sure 或 not certain 时，后面可以接 wh-从句（what, who, when, where, how, why 等引导的从句）。 结构： 主语 + be动词 + not sure/not certain + wh-从句 Chen Wangdao was unaware that he was eating zongzi with ink. 陈望道没有意识到他正在蘸着墨水吃粽子。 I am not sure what I can do to solve this problem. 我不确定我能做什么来解决这个问题。 总结：对比区分 从句完整、无疑问 → 只用 that（可省） I am glad (that) she is a great poet. 从句缺成分/表疑问 → what/whether/when/how 等，不可省 I am unsure whether she will attend the lecture.=I am not sure whether she will attend the lecture. I am uncertain what Wang Zhenyi wrote in her poems. 【即时小练】 1．Tu Youyou was ________ that her research would succeed in the end. A. surprised B. confident C. sad D. worried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：屠呦呦坚信她的研究最终会取得成功。 surprised 惊讶的；confident 有信心的；sad 伤心的；worried 担忧的。固定搭配 be confident that… 表示 “坚信……”，符合科研人员对研究满怀信心的语境，其余形容词语义不通，故选 B。 2．I’m ________ that I missed the speech about Wang Zhenyi. A. glad B. happy C. sorry D. sure 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我很遗憾错过了关于王贞仪的讲座。 glad 高兴的；happy 快乐的；sorry 遗憾的；sure 确信的。be sorry that… 意为 “对…… 感到遗憾”，错过讲座是令人惋惜的事，其余单词不符合语境，故选 C。 3．He is certain ________ he can finish translating the article on time. A. that B. what C. how D. which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他确信自己能按时翻译完这篇文章。 空格后从句 he can finish translating the article on time 是成分完整、语义确定的陈述句，无疑问含义。be certain 后接完整陈述句用 that 引导从句，that 无词义，口语中可省略；what（什么）、how（如何）、which（哪一个）均用于带有疑问、缺失成分的从句，不符合本句结构，故选 A。 4．I am not sure ________ book about Chen Wangdao I should choose. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不确定我应该选择哪一本关于陈望道的书。 主句为 not sure，带有疑问语气；从句中有名词 book，缺少修饰限定词。which 表示 “哪一个”，可修饰名词 book，贴合挑选书籍的疑问语境；that 引导无疑问的完整陈述句；when 表时间；where 表地点，三者均无法修饰名词 book，不符合句子结构，故选 B。 5．我们坚信中国科学家将会取得更多伟大的成就。（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We are confident that Chinese scientists will make more great achievements. （时间：45分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．The old book uses o________-f________ words that are rarely used today. 【答案】 old/ld fashioned/ashioned 【详解】句意：这本旧书使用的是今天很少使用的老式词汇。此处需填入一个复合形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词words；根据定语从句“that are rarely used today”提示，这些词汇“如今很少使用”，即“老式的，过时的”；复合形容词“old-fashioned”意为“老式的，过时的”。故填old；fashioned。 2．This discovery is of great s________ for the development of modern medicine. 【答案】significance/ignificance 【详解】句意：这一发现对现代医学的发展具有重要意义。此处需填入一个抽象名词，与前面的of构成“be of+抽象名词”结构，相当于形容词，表示事物所具备的性质；根据空后的“for the development of modern medicine”可知，此处表示具有重大“意义”或“重要性”；结合首字母s，故填significance。 3．Tu Youyou is an o________ pharmacologist who won the Nobel Prize in 2015. 【答案】outstanding/utstanding 【详解】句意：屠呦呦是一位杰出的药理学家，她于2015年获得诺贝尔奖。根据“won the Nobel Prize in 2015”可知，屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔奖，说明她是杰出的，outstanding意为“杰出的，优秀的”。故填outstanding。 4．The t________ is that he lied to us. 【答案】truth/ruth 【详解】句意：事实就是，他对我们说谎了。本空缺少名词作主语，根据“he lied to us”和首字母提示可知，“他对我们说谎”是一个事实，truth“事实，真相”符合语境。 5．This is no o________ story; it’s full of magic. 【答案】ordinary/rdinary 【详解】句意：这不是普通的故事，它充满魔力。根据首字母提示和后文“it’s full of magic”可知，此处表达“普通的”，形容词ordinary符合语境。 6．As a p________, he wrote many poems about the country. 【答案】poet/oet 【详解】句意：作为一名诗人，他写了许多关于国家的诗篇。 不定冠词a后需填单数名词，以p开头、意为诗人的单词是poet，契合后文创作诗歌的语境。 7．She was so c________ on her experiment that she forgot to have lunch. 【答案】concentrated/oncentrated 【详解】句意：她全神贯注于实验，以至于忘了吃午饭。此处需一个形容词，在句中作表语；根据空后“that she forgot to have lunch”提示，语义与“专注”相关；且“be concentrated on”为固定搭配，意为“全神贯注于”。结合首字母c，故填concentrated。 8．In a________ to science, he also enjoys collecting ancient poems. 【答案】addition/ddition 【详解】句意：除了理科之外，他还喜爱收集古诗。固定短语in addition to意为“除……之外（还有）”，空格前给出首字母 a，对应单词addition。 9．Deng Jiaxian is c________ to be the “father of China’s nuclear weapons”. 【答案】considered/onsidered 【详解】句意：邓稼先被认为是“中国核武器之父”。根据空后“to be the ‘father of China’s nuclear weapons’”提示，语义表示“被认为”；且“be considered to be”为固定搭配，意为“被认为是……”。结合首字母c，故填considered。 10．He m________ to finish the difficult project after trying three times. 【答案】managed/anaged 【详解】句意：在尝试了三次之后，他设法完成了这个艰难的项目。此处在句中作谓语动词；根据空后“to finish the difficult project after trying three times”提示，语义表示经过努力“设法完成，成功做成”；且“manage to do sth”为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”；由句意可知，成功完成该项目发生在过去，谓语动词应用一般过去时。结合首字母m，故填managed。 二、单项选择 1．I'm ________ that Tu Youyou’s discovery has saved millions of lives around the world. A．convincing B．convinced C．convince D．to convince 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我确信屠呦呦的发现拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。 根据“I’m...that...”可知，此处应填形容词作表语，主语是人，形容人的心理状态，应该用-ed形容词，应填convinced。 2．Let me give you some ________ of this story. First, let’s talk about where it takes place. A．background B．evaluation C．helpline D．impression 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我给你介绍一下这个故事的背景。首先，我们来聊聊故事发生的地点。 background背景；evaluation评价；helpline求助热线；impression印象。后文要谈论故事发生地点，属于故事背景相关内容，background符合语境。 3．The little boy ________ his mother’s hand. He felt safe and warm at once. A．cared for B．connected to C．reached for D．succeeded in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：小男孩伸手握住母亲的手，立刻感到安全而温暖。 cared for关心；connected to与……相连接；reached for伸出……以触及；succeeded in在……中获得成功。根据“The little boy _____ his mother’s hand.”可知，此处表示伸手握住母亲，reached for符合句意。 4．We all ________ the great scientist ________ one of the wisest people in history. A．consider; to be B．consider; being C．are considered; to be D．are considered; being 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们都认为这位伟大的科学家是历史上最有智慧的人之一。 “consider sb. to be + 名词/形容词”表示“认为某人是……”，主语We为人，consider是人主动发出的动作，需用主动语态consider。应填consider；to be。 5．It is ________ for us to learn from great people, as their spirits can guide us through difficulties. A．tiny B．significant C．simple D．rapid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：向伟大的人物学习对我们来说是重要的，因为他们的精神能指引我们度过困难。 tiny微小的；significant重要的；simple简单的；rapid迅速的。根据后半句“as their spirits can guide us through difficulties”可知，伟大人物的精神能指引我们度过困难，说明向他们学习是有重要意义的，significant符合语境。 6．I________ classical music. I often listen to it when I finish my homework. A．am afraid of B．am tired of C．am worried about D．am fond of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我非常喜欢古典音乐。完成作业后，我常常会听一些古典音乐。 am afraid of害怕；am tired of厌倦；am worried about担心；am fond of喜欢。根据后半句“I often listen to it when I finish my homework.”可知，此处表示喜欢音乐。 7．Soldiers ________ their country. They are ready to protect every person at home. A．look for B．fight for C．suffer from D．move about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：士兵们为国家而战，随时准备保护国内的每一个人。 look for寻找；fight for为......战斗；suffer from遭受；move about四处走动。结合保卫国家的语境，应填fight for。 8．Don’t pass________ on others so quickly. Everyone has their own troubles and stories. A．temperature B．opportunity C．judgement D．direction 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要这么快就对别人下评判。每个人都有自己的烦恼和故事。 temperature温度；opportunity机会；judgement评判；direction方向。根据后句“Everyone has their own troubles and stories.”可知，每个人都有自己的难处，因此不要急于对他人下定论。短语搭配pass judgement on sb意为“对某人下评判”，符合语境。 9．After hours of hard work, she managed ________ the difficult math problem at last. A．to solve B．solving C．solved D．solve 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过数小时的刻苦钻研，她最后总算解出了这道难题。 manage to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “设法做成某事”，manage 后接动词不定式作宾语，to solve 符合语法规则。 10．________ the task was extremely difficult, they finished it perfectly. A．Even though B．So C．Because D．And 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管这项任务极其困难，他们还是完美地完成了。 Even though 即使；So 所以；Because 因为；And 并且。句子存在让步逻辑，用 even though 引导让步状语从句。 三、选词填空 用所给短语的适当形式填空 have a talent for, in addition to, be concentrated on, manage to do, fight against, find out 1．The researcher spent three years how the new drug works. 2． her work as a scientist, she is also a volunteer teacher in the countryside. 3．The young painter drawing lifelike animals since she was 5. 4．We should air pollution to protect the environment. 5．He pass the driving test after failing twice. 6．Please be quiet—the students their final exams now. 【答案】1．finding out 2．In addition to 3．has had a talent for 4．fight against 5．managed to 6．are concentrated on 【详解】1．句意：这位研究员花了三年时间弄清楚这种新药的作用原理。研究员花费数年研究新药原理，此处需要表达“查明、弄清”的含义。find out符合语境；结合spend time (in) doing sth.，此处动词要变为动名词形式，故填finding out。 2．句意：除了科学家的本职工作以外，她还是一名乡村支教老师。该句介绍她拥有双重身份，除科研工作外还担任支教老师，此处需要表达“除……之外（还有）”的含义。in addition to符合语境；位于句首，首字母需要大写，故填In addition to。 3．句意：这位年轻画家从五岁起就有画栩栩如生动物的天赋。画家擅长画逼真的动物，体现绘画天赋，此处需要表达“有……天赋”的含义。have a talent for符合语境；since she was 5是现在完成时标志，结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，主语the young painter为单数，助动词选用has，have的过去分词为had，故填has had a talent for。 4．句意：我们应该对抗空气污染，保护环境。 保护环境需要治理、抵制空气污染，此处需要表达“对抗、抵制”的含义。fight against符合语境；情态动词should后接动词原形。 5．句意：在两次失败之后，他终于成功通过了驾照考试。经历两次失败后最终顺利通过驾考，此处需要表达“设法成功做成某事”的含义。manage to do符合语境；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填managed to。 6．句意：请保持安静——学生们此刻正专心准备期末考试。now表示“此刻”，学生们正在专注于期末考试，此处需要表达“专心于、集中精力于”的含义。be concentrated on符合语境；主语the students是复数，be动词用are，故填are concentrated on。 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Zhang Heng was a great scientist and inventor in ancient China. He lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty and spent his whole life 1 the world. He is most famous for inventing the seismograph (地动仪), which could detect earthquakes from a distance. One day, Zhang Heng was studying the stars when he felt a slight shake. He was 2 that something unusual was happening underground. He decided to create a tool to measure such movements. After months of hard work, he 3 to build the first seismograph in history. The device looked like a large bronze jar with eight dragon heads around it, each 4 a bronze ball in its mouth. When an earthquake occurred, the ball would fall from the dragon’s mouth into the mouth of a bronze toad below, 5 the direction of the quake. People at that time were amazed by his invention. Some even doubted 6 it really worked. However, Zhang Heng proved its accuracy through many tests. His work showed 7 important curiosity and persistence are for scientific discovery. Today, Zhang Heng is still remembered as a pioneer in seismology. His story encourages us 8 problems with an open mind. We should never give up 9 we face difficulties in our studies. Great achievements always come from continuous effort, not just sudden 10 . 1．A．understand B．understood C．understanding D．understands 2．A．convince B．convinced C．convincing D．to convince 3．A．manage B．manages C．managed D．managing 4．A．hold B．holds C．held D．holding 5．A．show B．showed C．showing D．to show 6．A．if B．whether C．that D．what 7．A．how B．what C．why D．when 8．A．approach B．to approach C．approaching D．approached 9．A．when B．unless C．although D．until 10．A．inspire B．inspiration C．inspiring D．inspired 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述张衡发明地动仪的故事，体现其好奇与毅力，鼓励我们面对困难不放弃，明白成就源于持续努力。 【详解】1．句意：他毕生致力于了解世界。 根据“spend time (in) doing sth”这一固定搭配，可知动词需用-ing形式。根据语境，此处表示花费一生去做理解世界这件事，动名词作宾语。其他选项不符合固定搭配结构。 2．句意：他确信地下正在发生不寻常的事情。 根据“be convinced that…”这一固定句型，可知需用-ed形式形容词。 根据语境，主语是人（He），表示人的状态，用convinced。 A为动词原形，C修饰物，D为不定式，均不符合句法。 3．句意：经过几个月的努力，他设法建成了历史上第一个地动仪。 根据全文叙述过去发生的事情，可知时态为一般过去时。 根据语境，动作发生在过去，需用过去式managed。 A、B为现在时态，D为非谓语，均不符合时态要求。 4．句意：周围有八个龙头，每个嘴里含着一个铜球。 根据“each holding…”构成独立主格结构或分词短语修饰dragon heads，表主动关系。 根据语境，龙头与含球之间是主动关系，且伴随状态，用现在分词holding。 A、B为谓语动词形式，C表被动或过去，均不符合语法结构。 5．句意：球落入蟾蜍口中，显示出地震的方向。 根据句子结构，主句完整，此处需用非谓语动词表自然结果。 根据语境，球落下这一动作自然导致显示方向的结果，用showing。 A、B为谓语形式，D表目的，均不符合逻辑关系。 6．句意：有些人甚至怀疑它是否真的起作用。 根据“doubt”在肯定句中后接宾语从句，常表示不确定，需用whether/if。 根据语境，正式文体及动词doubt后优选whether表示“是否”。 C表确定，D表内容，A虽可表是否，但在doubt后whether更规范。 7．句意：他的作品表明好奇心和毅力对科学发现有多么重要。 根据“how + adj + 主语 + 谓语”结构，可知修饰形容词important。 根据语境，强调重要的程度，需用how引导感叹语气的宾语从句。 B后接名词，C、D表原因和时间，均不符合修饰形容词的要求。 8． 句意：他的故事鼓励我们用开放的心态去处理问题。 根据“encourage sb to do sth”这一固定搭配，结合语境，可知需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 A、C、D均不符合该固定搭配的语法要求。 9．句意：当我们在学习中面对困难时，绝不应放弃。 根据句意，表示面对困难的时间或条件情境。 结合语境，可知when引导时间状语从句，符合“在困难时不放弃”的逻辑。 B表条件否定，C表让步，D表时间终点，均不如when贴切。 10．句意：伟大的成就总是源于持续的努力，而不仅仅是突然的灵感。 “sudden”是形容词，后面需接名词作中心语。 根据语境，effort“努力”对应 inspiration“灵感”，均为名词概念。 A为动词，C、D为形容词，均不符合词性要求。 四、完形填空 Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist. But few people have 1 his kindness and tolerance (宽容) towards others. The following is a story about him. After hundreds of experiments, Edison had at last 2 a working bulb (电灯泡). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 3 . He had dreamed of this moment for years “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his helper. 4 , there was a crash (巨响). Edison turned around and saw that his bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his 5 carelessly. Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his work table and set to work once more to make another bulb. A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. It was 6 on the table in front of its maker. Then Edison, with a smile, handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be 7 this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 8 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a saying goes, “Not the power to 9 , but it’s very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence (存在).” Life is too short and no one is 10 . If we can forgive others, we will have a better life. 1．A．heard about B．worried about C．thought about D．looked about 2．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 3．A．hope B．courage C．pride D．surprise 4．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 5．A．knees B．fingers C．arms D．eyes 6．A．fallen B．held C．taken D．laid 7．A．honest B．creative C．careful D．confident 8．A．chance B．process C．example D．lesson 9．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 10．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文以一个真实的故事讲述发明家爱迪生对他人的友善和宽容。 1．句意：但很少有人听说过他对别人的善良和宽容。 heard about听说；worried about担心；thought about考虑，思考；looked about四下观望。根据下文“The following is a true story about him.”可知，此处指很少有人听说过他对人善良和宽容的故事。故选A。 2．句意：经过数百次实验，爱迪生终于制造出了一个可以工作的灯泡。 sold卖；produced制造；accepted接受；checked检查。根据下文“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制造出了一个灯泡。故选B。 3．句意：这是有史以来制造的第一个电灯泡，爱迪生非常自豪。 hope希望；courage勇气；pride自豪；surprise惊喜。根据“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制造出了历史上第一个灯泡，他应该感到自豪。故选C。 4．句意：突然，一声巨响。 Luckily幸运地；Excitingly刺激地；Finally最后；Suddenly突然。根据上文“Take it upstairs”可知，刚刚爱迪生还让助理把完好的灯泡拿上楼，然后就听到撞击声，说明“灯泡摔碎”是突然发生的事。故选D。 5．句意：吉米不小心让灯泡从指间滑了出去。 knees膝盖；fingers手指；arms胳膊；eyes眼睛。根据“Take it upstairs, Jimmy”可知，爱迪生让吉米把灯泡拿上楼，吉米不小心让灯泡从指间滑了出去。故选B。 6．句意：它被放在制造者面前的桌子上。 fallen落下；held拿着；taken拿；laid放置。根据空后“on the table”可知，它被放在桌子上在。故选D。 7．句意：“这次小心点，”他说。 honest诚实的；creative有创造力的；careful小心的；confident自信的。根据“Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his...carelessly.”可知，吉米上次不小心把灯泡摔碎了，这次爱迪生让他小心点。故选C。 8．句意：他是在给那个年轻人另一个机会。 chance机会；process进程；example例子；lesson课程。根据上文“Jimmy had let the bulb slip”可知，吉米做错事了，于是爱迪生再给他一次机会。故选A。 9．句意：俗话说：“不是记忆的力量，但恰恰相反，忘记的力量是我们存在的必要条件。 receive收到；remember记得；keep保持；improve改进。根据“but it’s very opposite, the power to forget”可知，与“忘记”相反的是“记住”。故选B。 10．句意：人生苦短，没有人是完美的。 strong强壮的；nice美好的；bad坏的；perfect完美的。根据下文“ If we can forgive others, we will have a better life.”可知，我们要原谅其他人，由此可知没有人是完美的，谁都会犯错。故选D。 五、阅读理解 A If you were asked to introduce Lu You, how would you describe him? A famous poet who loved his country? But do you know that Lu was also a “slasher (斜杠青年)” of his time? If he had a social media profile (个人资料), it might read like this: poet/ politician (政治家) / foodie/ cat lover. Born in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), he was one of the most productive poets in Chinese history. About 9, 300 of his poems are still around today. Many of these are filled with a wish to protect his homeland, making him a famous patriotic (爱国的) poet. As a politician, Lu tried his best to offer advice to the government. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty was often attacked by the northern Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Lu spoke out against the Song government’s weak policy (政策) and called for fighting back. However, he was downgraded because of this. Although disappointed with government work, Lu found joy in food. While serving in the Shu region, he wrote over 100 poems about cooking and growing vegetables. Many believe that his secret to long life was his healthy eating habits. He even wrote a poem about the benefits of porridge. Lu also found comfort in his cat friends. He wrote funny poems to his cats, showing how cute they are and how they gave him warmth on cold days. That’s what made him such a true cat lover! As a man of a great national dream and someone who loved life’s small joys, Lu showed us that a full life can be built with many “slashes”! 1．How would the writer describe Lu You? A．A poet. B．A politician. C．A foodie. D．A slasher. 2．The underlined word “productive” means “________”. A．fruitful B．serious C．confident D．polite 3．What does “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．He wore too many titles. B．His ideas were against the Song government. C．He developed different hobbies. D．He planned to enjoy his life in the countryside. 4．Which of the following poems is written by Lu You? A．Very quietly I take my leave, As quietly as I came here; Quietly I wave goodbye, To the rosy clouds in the western sky. B．Everyone seeks the secret to a long life, But fails to see it’s right before their eyes. I learned from Wanqiu this simple, humble way, To eat plain porridge is to become immortal. C．Before my bed a pool of light —Can it be hoarfrost on the ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned. D．How long will the full moon appear? Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky... I wish that we could live forever, So we could share the moonlight far apart, together. 5．How can we build a full life according to Lu You’s experience? A．Think twice before you act. B．Early to bed, and early to rise. C．Dream big and enjoy small. D．Travel around and explore more. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文从诗人、政治家、美食家和爱猫人士四个角度介绍了陆游的多重身份，说明一个充实的人生可以拥有多个“斜杠”。 【详解】1．文章第一段“But do you know that Lu was also a ‘slasher (斜杠青年)’ of his time?”以及最后一段“Lu showed us that a full life can be built with many ‘slashes’!”指出，作者主要想强调陆游多重身份的特点，即“斜杠青年”。虽然他也是诗人、政治家和美食家，但“slasher”是对他多重身份最全面的概括。 2．划线词后文“About 9, 300 of his poems are still around today.”（大约9300首诗流传至今）表明，陆游创作的诗歌数量非常多。productive意为“多产的”，与fruitful（富有成效的/多产的）意思相近。 3．代词“this”通常指代前文提到的内容。前一句提到“Lu spoke out against the Song government's weak policy (政策) and called for fighting back.”（陆游公开反对南宋政府的软弱政策并呼吁反击）。因此，“this”指代的是他反对政府政策的行为/观点，这导致了他被降职。选项B“他的思想与宋朝政府相悖。”符合文意。 4．文章第四段“He even wrote a poem about the benefits of porridge.”（他甚至写了一首关于粥的好处的诗）以及“Many believe that his secret to long life was his healthy eating habits.”说明，陆游写过关于粥和长寿的诗。选项B的内容提到了“secret to a long life”和“eat plain porridge”，与文章内容相符。选项A是徐志摩的诗，选项C是李白的诗，选项D是苏轼的词。 5．文章最后一段“As a man of a great national dream and someone who loved life’s small joys, Lu showed us that a full life can be built with many ‘slashes’!”指出，陆游的人生哲学是既有家国大梦想（Dream big），又热爱生活的小确幸（enjoy small）。选项C完美概括了这一点。 B Throughout history, many great people have changed the world with their ideas and actions. Here are four of them: Name Achievement Influence Confucius​ (551—479 BC) A great thinker and educator. He set up private schools and taught students for free. His ideas about kindness and learning are still important in China and other Asian countries. Isaac Newton​ (1643—1727) An English scientist who discovered gravity and the laws of motion. His work laid the foundation for modern physics and space exploration. Marie Curie​ (1867—1934) A Polish-French scientist who discovered radium and polonium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and her research helps treat cancer today. Nelson Mandela​ (1918—2013) A South African leader who fought against racial segregation (种族隔离). He became president and promoted peace, teaching the world about forgiveness and equality. These people came from different backgrounds, but they all shared one thing: a strong belief in making the world better. They faced many difficulties, but they never gave up. Their stories teach us that anyone can make a difference, no matter where they come from. 1．Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize? A．Confucius B．Isaac Newton C．Marie Curie D．Nelson Mandela 2．What did Isaac Newton discover? A．Gravity B．Radium C．Kindness D．Equality 3．What did Confucius do to help education? A．He built many public schools. B．He set up private schools and taught for free. C．He wrote many books about science. D．He traveled around the world to teach. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about Nelson Mandela? A．He was a scientist. B．He fought against racial segregation. C．He discovered a new element. D．He was born in China. 5．What do these four people have in common? A．They were all born in Asia. B．They all won Nobel Prizes. C．They all faced difficulties but never gave up. D．They all studied in the same university. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文罗列了孔子、牛顿、居里夫人、曼德拉四位伟人的生平、成就与带来的影响，讲述他们凭借思想与行动改变世界，传递直面困境永不放弃、人人都能有所作为的主旨。 【详解】1．原文表格Marie Curie一栏写明“She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize”，Marie Curie是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。 2．原文表格Isaac Newton一栏写明“discovered gravity and the laws of motion”，牛顿发现了重力和运动定律。 3．原文表格Confucius一栏写明“He set up private schools and taught students for free”，孔子创办私学，免费教授学生。 4．原文表格Nelson Mandela一栏写明“A South African leader who fought against racial segregation”，Nelson Mandela是反抗种族隔离的南非领导人。 5．文章末尾段落写明“They faced many difficulties, but they never gave up”，四位伟人都经历了诸多困难，但从未放弃。 C 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 1．根据“He is also known as ‘the King of the Rocket.’”可知，此处介绍人们对钱学森先生的尊称。故选项E“他被誉为‘中国航天之父’。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”可知，此处介绍钱学森的求学经历。故选项C“24岁时，他去了美国学习。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织。故选项F“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. … On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite”可知，当时中国的条件很艰苦，但是钱学森克服艰苦，最终成功研制中国第一颗人造卫星。故选项D“但是钱和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”可知，当新中国急需科学家时，钱学森放弃美国优渥的生活毅然决然回国，这这表现了他对祖国深沉的爱。故选项A“我也感觉到了他对我们国家深深的爱。”符合语境。故选A。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Great people（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 围绕 Great people 主题，掌握伟人的生平、品格、成就与历史影响的英文表达。 2. 积累人物品质、行业、成就、评价类词汇短语。 3. 掌握 be + 形容词 + that 宾语从句；分清一般过去时（生平）、现在完成时（长远影响）。 4. 能口头、书面完整介绍人物，学会写人物传记，提升中外人物评述能力。 复习重难点 重点：形容词 that 宾语从句用法；人物写作常用句型；主题词汇短语。 难点：形容词搭配 that 从句；写作中按时间逻辑梳理人物事迹，兼顾客观经历与主观评价，行文条理清晰。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：Contribution：She discovered qinghaosu , one of the world's most effective treatments for malaria.贡献：她发现了青蒿素，这是全球最有效的疟疾治疗药物之一。（教材P4） ①discover：v. 发现 【派生】discovery n. 发现→ discoveries（复数） 例句： His discovery changed the way people viewed the solar system.（教材P5） 他的发现彻底改变了人们对太阳系的认知方式。 【易混辨析】discover、find、find out 与invent 单词 含义 用法区别 例句 discover 发现 事物本身存在，首次被人类知晓 She discovered qinghaosu. 她发现了青蒿素。 invent 发明 从无到有创造新东西 Edison invented lights. 爱迪生发明电灯。 find 找到 侧重寻找丢失物品，强调找寻结果 I find my lost bag. 我找到了丢失的包。 find out 查明，弄清 需要调查、询问、思考才能得知 The police tried their best to find out the truth. 警方尽全力查明真相。 ② one of the world's most effective treatments 世界上最有效的疗法之一 【固定句型】 one of + 限定词+形容词最高级+可数名词复数；含义：…… 中最…… 的一个 / 之一 【即时小练】 1.The ________ (discover) of qinghaosu saved millions of lives.(用所给词的正确形式填空) 2. 袁隆平是全世界最杰出的农业科学家之一。（句子翻译） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Humans ________ new stars with the telescope every year. A. invent B. discover C. find out D. find 4.My father ________ a new type of robot to help clean rooms last year. A. discovered B. found C. invented D. found out 5. Please ________ the exact time of the meeting and tell me later. A. find out B. discover C. invent D. find 知识点2：Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand. 王贞仪学习了越来越多天文学和数学知识，尽管科学典籍里的文字十分古旧、晦涩难懂。（教材P4） ①句子结构分析：本句为主从复合句，由 even though 引导让步状语从句。 主句：Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics； 让步状语从句：even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand even though为让步连词，表 “尽管、虽然”；从句主语 the language，in the science books 作后置定语修饰主语；was 为系动词，old-fashioned 与 difficult to understand 为并列形容词表语。 ② old-fashioned adj. 陈旧的、古旧的； 反义词：fashionable adj. 新潮的；时髦的 【即时小练】 1．The chair looks ________, but my grandma still likes it. A．significant B．old-fashioned C．concentrated D．convinced 2．________ the road was full of traffic, we still got to school on time. A．But B．Even though C．So D．Because 3. 虽然这项工作十分枯燥，但她依然认真完成了。（句子翻译） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点3：In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics.王贞仪除了在数学、天文学领域取得诸多成就外，还是一位出色的诗人，她的诗作探讨的题材极具超前现代感。（教材P5） ① 辨析In addition to 与in addition 短语 词性 用法 例句 in addition to 介词短语 后面加名词/doing In addition to his hard work, he has a sharp mind. 除了勤奋努力，他头脑十分敏锐。 in addition 副词短语 单独使用，后面加逗号，再接完整句子 Reading improves your writing skills. In addition, it broadens your horizons. 阅读能提升写作能力，此外，还能开阔眼界。 ② poet n. 诗人 【派生词 】 poem n. （可数）一首诗 例：write a poem 写一首诗 poetry n. （不可数）诗歌（总称）；诗意 例：study poetry 研读诗歌 poetic adj. 诗歌的；富有诗意的 例：poetic language 诗意的语言 【即时小练】选词填空 1.用 in addition, in addition to 填空 ①____________ studying science, Wang Zhenyi loved literature. ②She made great progress in maths. ____________, she became a famous writer. 2. 用 poet /poem/poetry /poetic 适当形式填空 ①Li Bai is one of the greatest ________ in ancient China. ②She wrote a short ________ about the stars last week. ③Many students enjoy reading Chinese ________ in their free time. ④Her article is full of beautiful and ________ words. 知识点4：①With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending's famous book about calculation. 基于这一考虑，她重写了数学家梅文鼎那本关于计算的著名著作。（教材P4） ②With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper.他手中握着一支毛笔,正忙着在一张纸上书写。（教材P14） ①with复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （宾补常见五类形式：介词短语、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词。） 介词短语：With a bag on her back, she went travelling. 她背着背包去旅行。 形容词：With the door open, the room is cool. 门开着，房间很凉快。 副词：With the lights on, he fell asleep. 灯亮着，他就睡着了。 现在分词（主动 / 进行）：With wind blowing hard, we stayed at home. 狂风大作，我们待在了家里。 过去分词（被动 / 完成）：With his work finished, he went out for a walk. 工作完成后，他出门散步了。 ② be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 拓展同义短语：be busy with + 名词 例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner every evening.妈妈每晚都忙着做晚饭。 【即时小练】 1.________, we should make a careful plan first. A．With this in mind B．In fact C．At last D．All the time 2. She is busy researching ancient maths books.（改为 be busy with） ____________________________________________________________________________ 知识点5：...be considered to be... 被认为是/ 被看作...（教材P11） consider：及物动词 v. 认为；考虑 变形：considers（三单），considered（过去式/过去分词），considering（现在分词） 【核心固定搭配】 ①be considered to be +名词/形容词 被认为是……（本句核心句型，被动语态） 例句：Tu Youyou is considered to be a great scientist.屠呦呦被认为是一位伟大的科学家。 ②consider sb./sth. (as) +名词 认为某人 / 某物是……（主动语态，as可省略） 例句：We consider him (as) our role model.我们把他视作我们的榜样。 ③consider doing sth. 考虑做某事（表思考、打算） 例句：She considers studying medicine in the future.她考虑将来学医。 ④consider +宾语从句 认为…… 例句：I consider that hard work leads to success.我认为努力才能成功。 【即时小练】 1. 这种植物被认为在医药方面十分有用。（句子翻译） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Marie Curie is considered ________ one of the greatest scientists in history. A．be B．being C．to be D．is 3．We are considering ________ a trip to Paris this summer. A．take B．to take C．taking D．took 知识点6：Through his/her hard work, he/she managed to…通过他的/她的努力工作，他/她成功做到了……（教材P13） manage：动词；设法做成、成功完成（克服困难，最终做成难事） ①变形：manages（三单），managed（过去式/过去分词），managing（现在分词） ②派生：manager n. 经理；管理者 management n. 管理；管理层 manageable adj. 易处理的；可管理的 【用法搭配】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 例句：Through years of hard work, Yuan Longping managed to develop hybrid rice. 经过多年艰苦工作，袁隆平成功培育出杂交水稻。 【即时小练】 1．Despite many failures, the team managed ________ a new vaccine after years of research. A．to develop B．developing C．developed D．develop 2. 尽管考试很难，她还是成功通过了。 __________________________________________________________________________________________知识点7：The taste of truth is sweet.真理的味道是甜的。（教材P14） truth：名词 n. 真相；真理；事实 【派生】true adj. 真实的；正确的 truly adv. 真实地；真诚地 例句：I truly believe in the power of truth. 我由衷相信真理的力量。 【用法搭配】the truth of …… 的真相/真理 tell the truth 说实话 find out the truth 查明真相 【即时小练】 1．To tell the ________, real greatness comes from ________ helping others, not just personal success. A．true; truly B．truth; true C．true; true D．truth; truly 2. 选词填空（true/ truth/truly） ① It’s ________ that he will give up the chance. ② Can you tell me the ________ of the accident? ③ I ________ believe that everything will be better. 知识点8：It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink! 据说他全神贯注地翻译《共产党宣言》，以至于完全没有意识到自己正在吃墨水！（教材P14） ①be concentrated on 全神贯注于；同义短语：focus on；后接名词或动名词。 例句：She is concentrated on her homework. 她专心写作业。 ②It is said that... 据说。固定形式主语句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面的从句。 例句：It is said that he is a great writer. 据说他是一位伟大的作家。 ③so...that... 如此…… 以至于。引导结果状语从句，so 后接形容词 / 副词。 例句：He was so busy that he forgot to eat. 他太忙了，忘了吃饭。 【即时小练】 1．He was ________ concentrated on reading ________ he missed the last bus. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D.very; that 2. She is concentrated ______ studying English these days.(单句语法填空) 3. 据说她每天下午都专心练习钢琴。（句子翻译） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 单元语法：be +形容词+that 从句 一、用法 在英语中，我们常用“形容词+that从句"的结构来表达对某件事的看法、情感或判断。 形容词描述我们的感受（如glad、sorry、sure等)；that引导宾语从句，口语中可省略，书面建议保留；从句是完整陈述句。 I'm glad that I have learnt a lot about the great Chinese writer and thinker. 我很高兴我了解了很多关于这位伟大的中国作家和思想家的事情。 Tu Youyou was confident that her team could find a treatment for the deadly disease. 屠呦呦相信她的团队能够找到治疗这种致命疾病的方法。 二、常用形容词 分类 形容词示例 情感（高兴、难过、惊讶等） glad, happy, sad, sorry, surprised, worried 确定性（确信、怀疑等） sure, certain, confident, doubtful 判断（对 / 错、重要等） right, wrong, important, necessary 三、拓展：be+形容词+wh-clause 当形容词为 not sure 或 not certain 时，后面可以接 wh-从句（what, who, when, where, how, why 等引导的从句）。 结构： 主语 + be动词 + not sure/not certain + wh-从句 Chen Wangdao was unaware that he was eating zongzi with ink. 陈望道没有意识到他正在蘸着墨水吃粽子。 I am not sure what I can do to solve this problem. 我不确定我能做什么来解决这个问题。 总结：对比区分 从句完整、无疑问 → 只用 that（可省） I am glad (that) she is a great poet. 从句缺成分/表疑问 → what/whether/when/how 等，不可省 I am unsure whether she will attend the lecture.=I am not sure whether she will attend the lecture. I am uncertain what Wang Zhenyi wrote in her poems. 【即时小练】 1．Tu Youyou was ________ that her research would succeed in the end. A. surprised B. confident C. sad D. worried 2．I’m ________ that I missed the speech about Wang Zhenyi. A. glad B. happy C. sorry D. sure 3．He is certain ________ he can finish translating the article on time. A. that B. what C. how D. which 4．I am not sure ________ book about Chen Wangdao I should choose. A. that B. which C. when D. where 5．我们坚信中国科学家将会取得更多伟大的成就。（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________________ （时间：45分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．The old book uses o________-f________ words that are rarely used today. 2．This discovery is of great s________ for the development of modern medicine. 3．Tu Youyou is an o________ pharmacologist who won the Nobel Prize in 2015. 4．The t________ is that he lied to us. 5．This is no o________ story; it’s full of magic. 6．As a p________, he wrote many poems about the country. 7．She was so c________ on her experiment that she forgot to have lunch. 8．In a________ to science, he also enjoys collecting ancient poems. 9．Deng Jiaxian is c________ to be the “father of China’s nuclear weapons”. 10．He m________ to finish the difficult project after trying three times. 二、单项选择 1．I'm ________ that Tu Youyou’s discovery has saved millions of lives around the world. A．convincing B．convinced C．convince D．to convince 2．Let me give you some ________ of this story. First, let’s talk about where it takes place. A．background B．evaluation C．helpline D．impression 3．The little boy ________ his mother’s hand. He felt safe and warm at once. A．cared for B．connected to C．reached for D．succeeded in 4．We all ________ the great scientist ________ one of the wisest people in history. A．consider; to be B．consider; being C．are considered; to be D．are considered; being 5．It is ________ for us to learn from great people, as their spirits can guide us through difficulties. A．tiny B．significant C．simple D．rapid 6．I________ classical music. I often listen to it when I finish my homework. A．am afraid of B．am tired of C．am worried about D．am fond of 7．Soldiers ________ their country. They are ready to protect every person at home. A．look for B．fight for C．suffer from D．move about 8．Don’t pass________ on others so quickly. Everyone has their own troubles and stories. A．temperature B．opportunity C．judgement D．direction 9．After hours of hard work, she managed ________ the difficult math problem at last. A．to solve B．solving C．solved D．solve 10．________ the task was extremely difficult, they finished it perfectly. A．Even though B．So C．Because D．And 三、选词填空 用所给短语的适当形式填空 have a talent for, in addition to, be concentrated on, manage to do, fight against, find out 1．The researcher spent three years how the new drug works. 2． her work as a scientist, she is also a volunteer teacher in the countryside. 3．The young painter drawing lifelike animals since she was 5. 4．We should air pollution to protect the environment. 5．He pass the driving test after failing twice. 6．Please be quiet—the students their final exams now. 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Zhang Heng was a great scientist and inventor in ancient China. He lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty and spent his whole life 1 the world. He is most famous for inventing the seismograph (地动仪), which could detect earthquakes from a distance. One day, Zhang Heng was studying the stars when he felt a slight shake. He was 2 that something unusual was happening underground. He decided to create a tool to measure such movements. After months of hard work, he 3 to build the first seismograph in history. The device looked like a large bronze jar with eight dragon heads around it, each 4 a bronze ball in its mouth. When an earthquake occurred, the ball would fall from the dragon’s mouth into the mouth of a bronze toad below, 5 the direction of the quake. People at that time were amazed by his invention. Some even doubted 6 it really worked. However, Zhang Heng proved its accuracy through many tests. His work showed 7 important curiosity and persistence are for scientific discovery. Today, Zhang Heng is still remembered as a pioneer in seismology. His story encourages us 8 problems with an open mind. We should never give up 9 we face difficulties in our studies. Great achievements always come from continuous effort, not just sudden 10 . 1．A．understand B．understood C．understanding D．understands 2．A．convince B．convinced C．convincing D．to convince 3．A．manage B．manages C．managed D．managing 4．A．hold B．holds C．held D．holding 5．A．show B．showed C．showing D．to show 6．A．if B．whether C．that D．what 7．A．how B．what C．why D．when 8．A．approach B．to approach C．approaching D．approached 9．A．when B．unless C．although D．until 10．A．inspire B．inspiration C．inspiring D．inspired 四、完形填空 Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist. But few people have 1 his kindness and tolerance (宽容) towards others. The following is a story about him. After hundreds of experiments, Edison had at last 2 a working bulb (电灯泡). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 3 . He had dreamed of this moment for years “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his helper. 4 , there was a crash (巨响). Edison turned around and saw that his bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his 5 carelessly. Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his work table and set to work once more to make another bulb. A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. It was 6 on the table in front of its maker. Then Edison, with a smile, handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be 7 this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 8 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a saying goes, “Not the power to 9 , but it’s very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence (存在).” Life is too short and no one is 10 . If we can forgive others, we will have a better life. 1．A．heard about B．worried about C．thought about D．looked about 2．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 3．A．hope B．courage C．pride D．surprise 4．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 5．A．knees B．fingers C．arms D．eyes 6．A．fallen B．held C．taken D．laid 7．A．honest B．creative C．careful D．confident 8．A．chance B．process C．example D．lesson 9．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 10．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect 五、阅读理解 A If you were asked to introduce Lu You, how would you describe him? A famous poet who loved his country? But do you know that Lu was also a “slasher (斜杠青年)” of his time? If he had a social media profile (个人资料), it might read like this: poet/ politician (政治家) / foodie/ cat lover. Born in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), he was one of the most productive poets in Chinese history. About 9, 300 of his poems are still around today. Many of these are filled with a wish to protect his homeland, making him a famous patriotic (爱国的) poet. As a politician, Lu tried his best to offer advice to the government. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty was often attacked by the northern Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Lu spoke out against the Song government’s weak policy (政策) and called for fighting back. However, he was downgraded because of this. Although disappointed with government work, Lu found joy in food. While serving in the Shu region, he wrote over 100 poems about cooking and growing vegetables. Many believe that his secret to long life was his healthy eating habits. He even wrote a poem about the benefits of porridge. Lu also found comfort in his cat friends. He wrote funny poems to his cats, showing how cute they are and how they gave him warmth on cold days. That’s what made him such a true cat lover! As a man of a great national dream and someone who loved life’s small joys, Lu showed us that a full life can be built with many “slashes”! 1．How would the writer describe Lu You? A．A poet. B．A politician. C．A foodie. D．A slasher. 2．The underlined word “productive” means “________”. A．fruitful B．serious C．confident D．polite 3．What does “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．He wore too many titles. B．His ideas were against the Song government. C．He developed different hobbies. D．He planned to enjoy his life in the countryside. 4．Which of the following poems is written by Lu You? A．Very quietly I take my leave, As quietly as I came here; Quietly I wave goodbye, To the rosy clouds in the western sky. B．Everyone seeks the secret to a long life, But fails to see it’s right before their eyes. I learned from Wanqiu this simple, humble way, To eat plain porridge is to become immortal. C．Before my bed a pool of light —Can it be hoarfrost on the ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned. D．How long will the full moon appear? Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky... I wish that we could live forever, So we could share the moonlight far apart, together. 5．How can we build a full life according to Lu You’s experience? A．Think twice before you act. B．Early to bed, and early to rise. C．Dream big and enjoy small. D．Travel around and explore more. B Throughout history, many great people have changed the world with their ideas and actions. Here are four of them: Name Achievement Influence Confucius​ (551—479 BC) A great thinker and educator. He set up private schools and taught students for free. His ideas about kindness and learning are still important in China and other Asian countries. Isaac Newton​ (1643—1727) An English scientist who discovered gravity and the laws of motion. His work laid the foundation for modern physics and space exploration. Marie Curie​ (1867—1934) A Polish-French scientist who discovered radium and polonium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and her research helps treat cancer today. Nelson Mandela​ (1918—2013) A South African leader who fought against racial segregation (种族隔离). He became president and promoted peace, teaching the world about forgiveness and equality. These people came from different backgrounds, but they all shared one thing: a strong belief in making the world better. They faced many difficulties, but they never gave up. Their stories teach us that anyone can make a difference, no matter where they come from. 1．Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize? A．Confucius B．Isaac Newton C．Marie Curie D．Nelson Mandela 2．What did Isaac Newton discover? A．Gravity B．Radium C．Kindness D．Equality 3．What did Confucius do to help education? A．He built many public schools. B．He set up private schools and taught for free. C．He wrote many books about science. D．He traveled around the world to teach. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about Nelson Mandela? A．He was a scientist. B．He fought against racial segregation. C．He discovered a new element. D．He was born in China. 5．What do these four people have in common? A．They were all born in Asia. B．They all won Nobel Prizes. C．They all faced difficulties but never gave up. D．They all studied in the same university. C 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $