Unit 6 Survival 生存（单元阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“生存”主题为核心，融合阅读、词汇、语法与高考真题，构建从具体案例到抽象策略的知识逻辑链，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |高考真题链接|1篇（2023全国甲卷）|句子分析三步骤（抓标志、判类型、试翻译）|以沙漠甲虫生存案例为载体，衔接词汇与语法知识| |综合实战演练|10篇（含阅读、七选五等）|细节定位、逻辑衔接、词汇语境猜义|从人类探险到动物策略，再到城市生存，形成主题递进逻辑|

Unit 6 Survival 生存 单元阅读精练 In the pantheon of survival stories, few shine as brightly as the tale of Sir Ernest Shackleton and the Endurance expedition. In 1914, Shackleton set out to achieve what no one had done before: cross the Antarctic continent on foot. Instead, he led his 27 men on one of the most extraordinary survival journeys in human history—a testament to human endurance, leadership, and the indomitable spirit of survival. The expedition began with high hopes. Shackleton and his crew sailed from England aboard the Endurance, a sturdy wooden ship designed to withstand the punishing Antarctic ice. But just as they approached the continent, the ship became trapped in pack ice. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip. Instead, the ice slowly crushed the Endurance, forcing Shackleton to make a fateful decision: abandon ship and survive on the ice. What followed was a twoyear ordeal that would test every fibre of human endurance. The crew set up camp on drifting ice floes, enduring temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They lived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift shelters. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never faltered. He maintained morale through sheer force of personality, ensuring that even in the darkest moments, hope remained. When the ice beneath them began to break apart, the crew took to the lifeboats, navigating through treacherous waters to reach the barren, uninhabited Elephant Island. Realizing that no rescue would come to them, Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth in a small lifeboat to seek help at a whaling station in South Georgia. The journey across the Southern Ocean was a nightmare of towering waves, freezing spray, and nearconstant danger. For 17 days, Shackleton and his men battled the elements, navigating by the stars when the sky was clear and trusting their instincts when it was not. Against all odds, they reached South Georgia. But their ordeal was not over—they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior to reach the whaling station. Shackleton's journey across South Georgia is itself a legend. With no maps, no ropes, and only the most basic climbing gear, he and two companions crossed mountains and glaciers that had never been traversed. When they finally reached the whaling station, the Norwegian whalers were stunned. They had long given up hope for the expedition. Shackleton's immediate response was characteristic of the man: "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell." He immediately organized a rescue mission for the men stranded on Elephant Island. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. The story of the Endurance is not just a tale of survival—it is a lesson in leadership, hope, and the extraordinary capacity of the human spirit to endure. Shackleton understood that survival depends not only on physical strength but on psychological resilience. He kept his men focused on the future, maintaining routines and rituals that preserved their humanity in the face of inhuman conditions. In an age of comfort and convenience, the story of Shackleton's Endurance reminds us of a fundamental truth: when stripped of everything we take for granted, the human spirit possesses an almost boundless capacity for courage, perseverance, and hope. Survival is not just about staying alive—it is about staying human. 在人类生存故事的殿堂中，很少有故事能像欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士和“坚忍号”探险那样熠熠生辉。1914年，沙克尔顿出发去完成前人从未做到的事：徒步穿越南极大陆。然而，他带领他的27名队员完成的是人类历史上最非凡的生存旅程之一——这是对人类忍耐力、领导力和不屈不挠的生存精神的证明。 这次探险始于满怀希望。沙克尔顿和他的船员乘坐“坚忍号”从英格兰起航，这是一艘坚固的木制船只，专为抵御南极严酷的浮冰而设计。但就在他们接近南极大陆时，船只被困在了浮冰之中。数月的等待中，船员们希望浮冰能够释放它的束缚。然而，浮冰慢慢压碎了“坚忍号”，迫使沙克尔顿做出了一个决定性的抉择：弃船，在冰上求生。 接下来的两年是一场考验人类忍耐力极限的磨难。船员们在漂流的浮冰上扎营，忍受着降至零下40摄氏度的严寒。他们以海豹肉和企鹅为食，融冰取水，在简易的庇护所里睡觉。尽管条件残酷，沙克尔顿的领导力却从未动摇。他凭借强大的个人魅力维持着士气，确保即使在最黑暗的时刻，希望依然存在。 当他们脚下的浮冰开始碎裂时，船员们登上了救生艇，在危险的水域中航行，到达了荒芜无人居住的大象岛。沙克尔顿意识到不会有救援到来，做出了最大胆的决定：他和另外五人将乘坐一艘小救生艇航行800英里，穿越地球上最危险的海洋，前往南乔治亚岛的一个捕鲸站寻求帮助。 穿越南大洋的旅程是一场噩梦——滔天的巨浪、冰冷的海水和几乎持续的危险。17天里，沙克尔顿和他的同伴们与自然搏斗，天晴时依靠星象导航，天阴时依靠直觉。排除万难，他们到达了南乔治亚岛。但他们的磨难还没有结束——他们还需要穿越岛上未经勘测、冰川覆盖的内陆地区才能到达捕鲸站。 沙克尔顿穿越南乔治亚岛的旅程本身就是一个传奇。没有地图，没有绳索，只有最基本的攀爬装备，他和两名同伴穿越了从未有人穿越过的山脉和冰川。当他们最终到达捕鲸站时，挪威的捕鲸者们震惊了——他们早就对这次探险不抱希望了。 沙克尔顿的第一反应彰显了他的为人：“没有失去一条生命，而我们刚刚经历了地狱。”他立即组织了对困在大象岛上的人们的救援行动。令人惊叹的是，探险队的27名成员全部生还。 “坚忍号”的故事不仅仅是一个生存故事——它是一堂关于领导力、希望和人类精神非凡忍耐力的课。沙克尔顿明白，生存不仅依赖于体力，还依赖于心理韧性。他让队员们专注于未来，维持常规和仪式，在非人的条件下保留了人性。 在一个舒适和便利的时代，沙克尔顿“坚忍号”的故事提醒我们一个基本真理：当我们被剥夺了一切习以为常的东西时，人类精神拥有几乎无限的勇气、毅力和希望。生存不仅仅是活着——而是保持人性。 enduranceɪnˈdjʊərəns] n. 忍耐力，耐久力 expeditionˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n. 远征，探险 testamentˈtestəmənt] n. 证明，见证 indomitableɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl] adj. 不屈不挠的 withstandwɪðˈstænd] v. 经受住，抵抗 punishˈpʌnɪʃ] v. 折磨，严峻对待 traptræp] v. 困住，陷入 ordealɔːˈdiːl] n. 磨难，严峻考验 moraleməˈrɑːl] n. 士气，精神面貌 audaciousɔːˈdeɪʃəs] adj. 大胆的，鲁莽的 treacherousˈtretʃərəs] adj. 危险的，不可靠的 barrenˈbærən] adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的 unchartedˌʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd] adj. 未经勘测的 traversetrəˈvɜːs] v. 穿越，横越 resiliencerɪˈzɪliəns] n. 韧性，复原力 perseveranceˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n. 毅力，坚持 routineruːˈtiːn] n. 常规，惯例 fundamentallyˌfʌndəˈmentəli] adv. 根本地 一、欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士（Sir Ernest Shackleton，18741922） 沙克尔顿是英裔爱尔兰探险家，南极探险黄金时代的代表人物之一。他共领导了三次南极探险：1901年随“发现号”探险，19071909年领导“尼姆罗德号”探险（创下南纬88°23'的记录），以及19141917年的“坚忍号”探险。虽然沙克尔顿从未到达南极点，但他被誉为最伟大的领导者之一，因为他在“坚忍号”探险中成功将全部27名队员安全带回。 二、“坚忍号”（Endurance）探险时间线 1914年8月：从英格兰起航 1915年1月：被困浮冰 1915年10月：船被冰压碎，弃船 1915年11月1916年4月：在浮冰上求生 1916年4月：乘救生艇到达大象岛 1916年4月5月：沙克尔顿和5人乘救生艇航行800英里到南乔治亚岛 1916年5月：到达南乔治亚岛捕鲸站 1916年8月：成功营救所有队员 三、生存心理学 沙克尔顿的生存智慧已被现代心理学研究所证实。研究表明，在极端环境中，心理韧性比体力更重要。沙克尔顿通过维持日常仪式（如定期开会、庆祝活动）来保持队员的心理健康，这种方法被称为“心理社会支持”，对现代极端环境工作者（如宇航员、潜艇船员）具有重要启示。 set out to do 着手做，开始做 test every fibre of 考验……的每一丝（力量/耐力） through sheer force of 纯粹凭借…… battle the elements 与自然搏斗 against all odds 排除万难 give up hope 放弃希望 organize a rescue mission 组织救援行动 in the face of 面对（困难） strip of everything 剥夺一切 take for granted 视为理所当然 【高考真题链接】 【高考真题链接】 （2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解C篇） In the extremely dry desert, survival is a daily challenge for any creature. But one small insect, the Namib Desert beetle, has found a clever way to survive. It can collect water from the air using its own body. The beetle's back is covered with tiny bumps (凸起). Each bump is about half a millimeter wide. The tops of the bumps are smooth and attract water, while the sides are waxy and repel water. When the wind blows from the ocean to the desert in the morning, it carries small drops of water. These drops land on the beetle's back, where they stick to the smooth tops of the bumps. When enough water has collected, the drops become too heavy and roll down the sides of the bumps, falling into the beetle's mouth. Scientists have been studying this beetle for years. They have even created materials that copy its back. These materials could be used to collect water in dry areas around the world. “This is a great example of how nature can teach us to solve problems,” said one researcher. But the beetle's survival method is not just about getting water. It also shows how living things can adapt to their environment. In a place where almost nothing can live, this tiny insect has found a way to not just survive, but thrive. The beetle's story is a reminder that even in the most difficult conditions, life finds a way. It also shows that we can learn a lot from nature — if we only take the time to look. 1. How does the Namib Desert beetle collect water? A. By drinking from small pools. B. By absorbing water through its skin. C. By using the bumps on its back. D. By digging holes in the sand. 2. What do we know about the bumps on the beetle's back? A. Their tops are waxy and repel water. B. Their sides attract water more than the tops. C. Their tops are smooth and attract water. D. They are covered with tiny holes. 3. What does the underlined word “repel” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Attract. B. Hold. C. Absorb. D. Drive away. 4. What is the main message of the text? A. Desert beetles are the strongest insects. B. Nature can provide solutions to human problems. C. All creatures can survive in the desert. D. Scientists have found all water sources on Earth. ( 1 ． The tops of the bumps are smooth and attract water, while the sides are waxy and repel water. 抓标志： 连词 while 表示对比转折 判类型： 并列句（ while 连接两个对比的并列分句） 试翻译： 凸起的顶部光滑且吸水，而侧面是蜡质的且疏水。 2 ． These drops land on the beetle's back, where they stick to the smooth tops of the bumps. 抓标志： 关系副词 where 引导非限制性定语从句 判类型： 主句＋ where 引导的非限制性定语从句（修饰先行词 back ） 试翻译： 这些水滴落在甲虫的背上，在那里它们粘在凸起光滑的顶部。 ) ( 词汇 / 短语 词性 释义 survival n. 生存，存活 creature n. 生物，动物 beetle n. 甲虫 bump n. 凸起，肿块 waxy adj. 蜡质的 repel v. 排斥，驱赶 attract v. 吸引 absorb v. 吸收 adapt to 短语 适应 thrive v. 茁壮成长，繁荣 reminder n. 提醒物，提示 extremely adv. 极其，非常 millimeter n. 毫米 copy v. 模仿，复制 material n. 材料，物质 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 342 沙克尔顿坚忍号生存史诗 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 298 动物在极端环境中的生存策略 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 316 一位登山者的生存故事 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 305 人类在太空中的生存挑战 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 288 城市环境中的生存智慧 Passage 6 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 218 生存的关键：希望与韧性 Passage 7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 336 如何培养生存能力 Passage 8 完形填空 说明文 284 极端生存的心理学 Passage 9 完形填空 记叙文 262 一个关于生存的个人故事 Passage 10 语法填空 说明文 248 沙克尔顿领导力启示 Passage 1 Shackleton's Endurance: The Greatest Survival Story Ever Told （20252026学年广东深圳高一下期末） In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton set out on an ambitious expedition: to cross the Antarctic continent on foot. Instead, he led his 27 men on one of the most extraordinary survival journeys in history—a testament to human endurance and the indomitable spirit of survival. The expedition began with high hopes. Shackleton and his crew sailed from England aboard the Endurance, a sturdy wooden ship designed to withstand Antarctic ice. But just as they approached the continent, the ship became trapped in pack ice. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip. Instead, the ice slowly crushed the Endurance, forcing Shackleton to abandon ship and survive on the ice. What followed was a twoyear ordeal that tested every fibre of human endurance. The crew set up camp on drifting ice floes, enduring temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They lived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift shelters. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never faltered. When the ice beneath them began to break apart, the crew took to the lifeboats, navigating through treacherous waters to reach Elephant Island. Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help at a whaling station in South Georgia. After 17 days of battling towering waves and freezing spray, they reached South Georgia. But they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior. With no maps, no ropes, and only basic climbing gear, they crossed mountains and glaciers never before traversed. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. Shackleton's immediate response was: "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell." His leadership, hope, and courage transformed a potential tragedy into one of history's greatest survival stories. 1. What was Shackleton's original goal for the Endurance expedition? A. To sail around Antarctica. B. To cross the Antarctic continent on foot. C. To find a new shipping route. D. To study Antarctic wildlife. 2. Why was the Endurance forced to be abandoned? A. It was attacked by a whale. B. It was crushed by pack ice. C. It ran out of fuel. D. It caught fire. 3. What did Shackleton do after reaching Elephant Island? A. He gave up hope of rescue. B. He sailed 800 miles to seek help. C. He built a permanent shelter. D. He waited for rescue. 4. What makes Shackleton's story remarkable? A. He reached the South Pole. B. All 27 members of his expedition survived. C. He discovered new land. D. He completed his original mission. Passage 2 Animal Survival Strategies in Extreme Environments （20242025学年湖北武汉高一下期中） Animals have developed remarkable strategies to survive in Earth's most extreme environments. From the freezing Antarctic to the scorching desert, life finds a way. In the Antarctic, emperor penguins survive temperatures that drop to 60°C. They huddle together in large groups, rotating positions so that every penguin gets a turn in the warm center. This cooperative behavior can raise the temperature in the group by up to 20°C. In the Sahara Desert, the fennec fox has enormous ears that radiate heat, helping it stay cool in temperatures that exceed 40°C. It also has furry feet that protect it from the hot sand and can go for long periods without water. In the deep ocean, where sunlight never reaches and pressures are crushing, creatures like the anglerfish have developed bioluminescence—the ability to produce their own light—to attract prey and communicate. Perhaps the most extreme survivors are tardigrades, also known as water bears. These microscopic creatures can survive temperatures from near absolute zero to over 150°C. They can withstand radiation, dehydration, and even the vacuum of space. These survival strategies remind us that life is remarkably resilient. As one biologist put it, "Life doesn't just exist in the cozy corners of our planet. It thrives in the extremes." Understanding how animals survive in harsh conditions can teach us valuable lessons about resilience and adaptation. 1. How do emperor penguins survive Antarctic cold? A. They grow thick fur. B. They huddle together in groups. C. They migrate to warmer areas. D. They dig burrows in the ice. 2. What adaptation helps the fennec fox stay cool in the desert? A. Its thick fur. B. Its enormous ears that radiate heat. C. Its ability to store water. D. Its nocturnal habits. 3. What makes tardigrades remarkable survivors? A. Their large size. B. Their ability to survive extreme conditions. C. Their speed. D. Their intelligence. 4. What is the author's main message about animal survival? A. Only the largest animals survive. B. Life is remarkably resilient and adaptable. C. Extreme environments are always deadly. D. Animals cannot survive in space. Passage 3 A Climber's Survival Story （20242025学年山东青岛高一下期末） I have always been drawn to mountains. There is something about the thin air, the silent snow, and the vastness that makes me feel alive. But on a cold morning in 2020, I learned that mountains can also kill. I was climbing a peak in the Himalayas with two friends. We had summitted successfully and were making our descent when the weather changed with terrifying speed. A blizzard descended, reducing visibility to almost zero. We were caught in what climbers call a "whiteout"—where the sky and snow merge into a seamless white void. The temperature dropped to 40°C, and the wind made it feel even colder. We tried to find shelter, but there was none. My feet began to lose feeling. I knew the signs: frostbite was setting in. My friends were struggling too. For three days, we huddled together in a snow cave we dug with our hands and ice axes. We shared body heat and what little food we had. On the third day, the storm finally broke. We found our way down and were rescued by a team that had been searching for us. I lost two toes to frostbite. But I am alive. The experience taught me that survival depends on more than physical strength—it depends on teamwork, hope, and the refusal to give up. As one of my rescuers said, "Mountains don't care about your plans. But if you respect them, they might let you live." 1. What happened to the climbers during their descent? A. They reached the summit successfully. B. They were caught in a blizzard. C. They found a warm shelter. D. They were rescued immediately. 2. What does the word "whiteout" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A condition where everything is white and visibility is zero. B. A type of mountain animal. C. A climbing technique. D. A kind of safety equipment. 3. How did the climbers survive the three days? A. They were rescued quickly. B. They had plenty of food and supplies. C. They huddled together in a snow cave. D. They found a hut. 4. What lesson did the author learn from the experience? A. Climbing mountains is always safe. B. Survival depends on physical strength alone. C. Survival depends on teamwork and hope. D. It is better to climb alone. Passage 4 Surviving in Space: The Ultimate Challenge （20242025学年湖南长沙高一下月考） Space is the most hostile environment humans have ever attempted to inhabit. It is a vacuum with no air, no water, and no protection from deadly radiation or extreme temperatures. Yet, for over two decades, astronauts have been living and working aboard the International Space Station (ISS), demonstrating that humans can survive—and even thrive—in space. One of the greatest challenges of space survival is the absence of gravity. In microgravity, muscles atrophy, bones lose density, and fluids shift to the upper body. Astronauts must exercise for at least two hours every day to prevent these effects. Without this exercise, they would lose up to 15% of their muscle mass in just two weeks. Another challenge is cosmic radiation. Unlike Earth, which is protected by its magnetic field and atmosphere, the ISS is exposed to high levels of radiation from the sun and deep space. Astronauts are at increased risk of cancer and other health problems. Future missions to Mars will face even greater radiation exposure. Psychological challenges are equally significant. Confined to a small space with the same people for months, astronauts must cope with isolation, boredom, and the stress of living in a dangerous environment. They rely on communication with family and ground control, as well as hobbies and entertainment, to maintain their mental health. Despite these challenges, space exploration continues to push the boundaries of human survival. As one astronaut said, "We go into space not because it is easy, but because it is hard. It tests our limits and reminds us of what we are capable of." The lessons learned from space survival may one day help humans establish colonies on other planets. 1. What is one of the greatest physical challenges of living in space? A. Lack of food. B. Lack of gravity. C. Lack of entertainment. D. Lack of communication. 2. How much muscle mass can astronauts lose in two weeks without exercise? A. Up to 5%. B. Up to 10%. C. Up to 15%. D. Up to 20%. 3. What psychological challenge do astronauts face in space? A. Too much personal space. B. Isolation and boredom. C. Too many social activities. D. Lack of sunlight. 4. What is the author's attitude toward space exploration? A. It is too dangerous to continue. B. It tests human limits and is worthwhile. C. It should only focus on the moon. D. It is a waste of resources. Passage 5 Survival Wisdom from the City （20242025学年福建厦门高一下期中） When we think of survival, we often imagine extreme scenarios: being lost in a jungle, stranded on a desert island, or fighting for life in a blizzard. But survival is not just about wilderness—it is also about navigating the challenges of modern urban life. In cities, we face different kinds of threats: financial crises, social isolation, and the constant pressure to succeed. The skills needed to survive in the wild—adaptability, resourcefulness, and resilience—are equally important in the urban jungle. Consider the story of Maria, who lost her job during an economic downturn. She had no savings and few connections. But instead of giving up, she adapted. She learned new skills, networked actively, and took on parttime work. Within a year, she had not only found a stable job but had also started her own small business. What made Maria succeed? Psychologists point to several factors: optimism, the ability to learn from failure, and a strong support network. These are the same qualities that help people survive in extreme environments. As one psychologist put it, "Survival in any environment—whether a desert or a city—requires the same mindset: keep moving forward, learn from setbacks, and never lose hope." In our modern, fastpaced world, the ability to survive is more important than ever. We may not face polar bears or blizzards, but we face the everyday challenges of life. The survival skills we develop—patience, determination, and the willingness to ask for help—can carry us through any storm, whether in the wild or in the city. 1. According to the passage, what types of threats do cities present? A. Wild animals and extreme weather. B. Financial crises and social isolation. C. Physical attacks and robberies. D. Pollution and traffic accidents. 2. How did Maria survive the economic downturn? A. She gave up looking for work. B. She moved to a small town. C. She adapted, learned new skills, and networked. D. She received a large inheritance. 3. What qualities help people survive in both extreme environments and urban life? A. Wealth and status. B. Strength and speed. C. Optimism and the ability to learn from failure. D. Beauty and intelligence. 4. What is the author's main message about survival? A. Survival skills are only needed in the wilderness. B. Urban life is too comfortable to require survival skills. C. The same survival skills apply to both wild and urban environments. D. Only wealthy people can survive in cities. Passage 6 The Key to Survival: Hope and Resilience （20242025学年广东广州高一下期末） Survival stories have always fascinated us.1_______But what makes some people survive while others give up? The answer lies not in physical strength alone, but in two powerful forces: hope and resilience.2_______Survivors are not those who never feel fear—they are those who refuse to let fear stop them. Psychologists have studied survivors of disasters, wars, and extreme conditions.3_______They found that survivors share common traits: they maintain a sense of purpose, they focus on what they can control, and they refuse to give up hope. Shackleton's Endurance expedition illustrates this perfectly.4_______He maintained morale through sheer force of personality, ensuring that even in the darkest moments, hope remained. He kept his men focused on the future, maintaining routines and rituals that preserved their humanity. Resilience is not something you are born with—it is something you develop.5_______We can build resilience by practicing optimism, developing problemsolving skills, and building strong relationships. As one survivor put it, "Hope is not about believing everything will be fine—it is about believing that you can make things fine, no matter what happens." In our own lives, we may not face polar bears or shipwrecks. But we all face challenges that test our spirit. The same hope and resilience that helped Shackleton survive can help us navigate the storms of our own lives. A. It is a skill that can be learned and strengthened. B. Shackleton's leadership never faltered despite the brutal conditions. C. They reveal the extraordinary capacity of humans to endure. D. They have discovered some surprising patterns. E. Physical fitness is the most important factor for survival. F. Isolation and loneliness are the greatest threats to survival. G. A positive attitude is essential for overcoming challenges. Passage 7 How to Build Your Survival Skills （20242025学年湖北武汉高一下期末） Survival skills are not just for adventurers and explorers—they are essential for everyone.1_______Here are some practical ways to build your survival skills. First, develop a survival mindset.2_______This means accepting that challenges are a normal part of life and believing that you can overcome them. It means focusing on solutions rather than problems. Second, learn basic survival techniques.3_______You don't need to be an expert, but knowing how to find water, start a fire, and signal for help could save your life in an emergency. Third, build physical and mental resilience.4_______Regular exercise strengthens your body, while practices like meditation build mental strength. The more resilient you are, the better you can handle stress and adversity. Fourth, cultivate a support network.5_______Having people you can rely on—whether family, friends, or community—provides emotional and practical support in difficult times. Finally, never stop learning. The more you know, the more resources you have to draw on when faced with challenges. As one survival expert said, "The person who survives is not the strongest or the fastest—it is the one who is best prepared." Start building your survival skills today—you never know when you might need them. A. These include navigation, first aid, and firemaking. B. No one can survive alone—we all need help sometimes. C. In an unpredictable world, being prepared can make all the difference. D. Survival is about luck, not skill. E. A positive attitude can help you face any challenge. F. Technology is the only thing you need for survival. G. Resilience is the ability to recover from setbacks. Passage 8 （20242025学年山东济南高一下期末） In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton set out on an expedition to cross Antarctica. Instead, he led his 27 men on one of the most1_______survival journeys in history. The story of the Endurance is a2_______to human endurance and the indomitable spirit of survival. The expedition began with high hopes. Shackleton and his crew sailed from England aboard the Endurance, a3_______wooden ship designed to withstand Antarctic ice. But just as they approached the continent, the ship became4_______in pack ice. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip. Instead, the ice slowly crushed the Endurance,5_______Shackleton to abandon ship and survive on the ice. What followed was a twoyear6_______that tested every fibre of human endurance. The crew set up camp on drifting ice floes,7_______temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They lived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift8_______. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never9_______. When the ice beneath them began to break apart, the crew took to the lifeboats,10_______through treacherous waters to reach Elephant Island. Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help at a whaling station in South Georgia. [11_______all odds, they reached South Georgia. But they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior. With no maps, no ropes, and only basic climbing gear, they crossed mountains and glaciers never before12_______. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. Shackleton's immediate response was: "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell." His leadership, hope, and courage13_______a potential tragedy into one of history's greatest survival stories. The story of the Endurance reminds us that14_______depends not only on physical strength but on psychological resilience. In an age of comfort and convenience, it reminds us that when15_______of everything we take for granted, the human spirit possesses an almost boundless capacity for courage, perseverance, and hope. 1. A. ordinary B. extraordinary C. dangerous D. mysterious 2. A. testament B. tragedy C. failure D. mystery 3. A. modern B. tiny C. sturdy D. fragile 4. A. trapped B. floating C. sailing D. anchored 5. A. inviting B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging 6. A. adventure B. ordeal C. journey D. vacation 7. A. enjoying B. avoiding C. enduring D. ignoring 8. A. houses B. shelters C. boats D. cities 9. A. faltered B. improved C. changed D. disappeared 10. A. flying B. walking C. navigating D. swimming 11. A. For B. Against C. Despite D. With 12. A. named B. seen C. traversed D. forgotten 13. A. divided B. transformed C. separated D. fell 14. A. survival B. failure C. adventure D. exploration 15. A. provided B. reminded C. stripped D. informed Passage 9 （20242025学年湖南长沙高一下期中） I never thought I would need survival skills. I grew up in a quiet suburban town where the biggest1_______was a traffic jam. But all of that changed on a cold November morning. My brother and I were hiking in a national park when a sudden2_______hit. The temperature dropped in minutes, and snow began to fall heavily. We were miles from the trailhead,3_______in a place we didn't recognize. At first, I4_______. I was sure that the storm would pass quickly and that we would find our way back. But as the hours passed, the snow deepened and the temperature continued to drop. My brother, who had some survival5_______, took charge. "We need to build a shelter," he said. We6_______a large fallen tree and used its branches to create a makeshift roof. We covered ourselves with leaves and pine needles for7_______. We had no8_______, so we couldn't make a fire. Our food was limited to a few energy bars. We huddled together,9_______body heat. The first night was the worst. I was10_______of freezing to death. But my brother kept talking to me, telling me stories, making jokes. He kept my11_______up. On the second day, the storm12_______. We managed to find our way back to the trail. When we reached the trailhead, a rescue team was waiting for us. I learned a lot from that experience. I learned that survival skills are not just for adventurers—they are for13_______. I learned that14_______is as important as preparation. And I learned that having someone you can15_______makes all the difference. 1. A. challenge B. adventure C. celebration D. discovery 2. A. earthquake B. storm C. flood D. fire 3. A. lost B. found C. safe D. comfortable 4. A. panicked B. celebrated C. planned D. ignored 5. A. training B. equipment C. stories D. excuses 6. A. climbed B. planted C. dug D. found 7. A. fun B. decoration C. warmth D. beauty 8. A. water B. matches C. food D. money 9. A. generating B. sharing C. wasting D. absorbing 10. A. proud B. afraid C. confident D. excited 11. A. speed B. strength C. spirits D. promise 12. A. worsened B. disappeared C. began D. continued 13. A. professionals B. celebrities C. everyone D. experts 14. A. luck B. hope C. money D. technology 15. A. trust B. pay C. follow D. ignore Passage 10 （20242025学年广东深圳高一下期末） The story of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition is one of the most remarkable survival tales in history. In 1914, Shackleton set out1______ (cross) the Antarctic continent on foot. Instead, he led his 27 men on a twoyear ordeal that tested every fibre of human endurance. The Endurance, a sturdy wooden ship, was2______ (trap) in pack ice just as the expedition approached Antarctica. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip.3______, the ice slowly crushed the ship, forcing Shackleton to abandon it. What followed was a desperate struggle for survival. The crew lived on drifting ice floes,4______ (endure) temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They survived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift shelters. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never faltered. He maintained morale through sheer force of5______ (personal). When the ice broke apart, the crew took to the lifeboats, navigating through treacherous waters to reach Elephant Island.6______ (realize) that no rescue would come, Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help. After 17 days of battling7______ (tower) waves and freezing spray, they reached South Georgia. But they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior8______ no maps or ropes, using only basic climbing gear. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. Shackleton's leadership, hope, and courage transformed a potential tragedy into one of history's greatest survival stories. The story of the Endurance teaches us9______ survival depends not only on physical strength but on psychological resilience. In an age of comfort and convenience, it reminds us of the extraordinary capacity of the human spirit to endure, to10______ (hope), and to persevere. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 16 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Survival 生存 单元阅读精练 In the pantheon of survival stories, few shine as brightly as the tale of Sir Ernest Shackleton and the Endurance expedition. In 1914, Shackleton set out to achieve what no one had done before: cross the Antarctic continent on foot. Instead, he led his 27 men on one of the most extraordinary survival journeys in human history—a testament to human endurance, leadership, and the indomitable spirit of survival. The expedition began with high hopes. Shackleton and his crew sailed from England aboard the Endurance, a sturdy wooden ship designed to withstand the punishing Antarctic ice. But just as they approached the continent, the ship became trapped in pack ice. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip. Instead, the ice slowly crushed the Endurance, forcing Shackleton to make a fateful decision: abandon ship and survive on the ice. What followed was a twoyear ordeal that would test every fibre of human endurance. The crew set up camp on drifting ice floes, enduring temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They lived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift shelters. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never faltered. He maintained morale through sheer force of personality, ensuring that even in the darkest moments, hope remained. When the ice beneath them began to break apart, the crew took to the lifeboats, navigating through treacherous waters to reach the barren, uninhabited Elephant Island. Realizing that no rescue would come to them, Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth in a small lifeboat to seek help at a whaling station in South Georgia. The journey across the Southern Ocean was a nightmare of towering waves, freezing spray, and nearconstant danger. For 17 days, Shackleton and his men battled the elements, navigating by the stars when the sky was clear and trusting their instincts when it was not. Against all odds, they reached South Georgia. But their ordeal was not over—they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior to reach the whaling station. Shackleton's journey across South Georgia is itself a legend. With no maps, no ropes, and only the most basic climbing gear, he and two companions crossed mountains and glaciers that had never been traversed. When they finally reached the whaling station, the Norwegian whalers were stunned. They had long given up hope for the expedition. Shackleton's immediate response was characteristic of the man: "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell." He immediately organized a rescue mission for the men stranded on Elephant Island. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. The story of the Endurance is not just a tale of survival—it is a lesson in leadership, hope, and the extraordinary capacity of the human spirit to endure. Shackleton understood that survival depends not only on physical strength but on psychological resilience. He kept his men focused on the future, maintaining routines and rituals that preserved their humanity in the face of inhuman conditions. In an age of comfort and convenience, the story of Shackleton's Endurance reminds us of a fundamental truth: when stripped of everything we take for granted, the human spirit possesses an almost boundless capacity for courage, perseverance, and hope. Survival is not just about staying alive—it is about staying human. 【译文欣赏】 在人类生存故事的殿堂中，很少有故事能像欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士和“坚忍号”探险那样熠熠生辉。1914年，沙克尔顿出发去完成前人从未做到的事：徒步穿越南极大陆。然而，他带领他的27名队员完成的是人类历史上最非凡的生存旅程之一——这是对人类忍耐力、领导力和不屈不挠的生存精神的证明。 这次探险始于满怀希望。沙克尔顿和他的船员乘坐“坚忍号”从英格兰起航，这是一艘坚固的木制船只，专为抵御南极严酷的浮冰而设计。但就在他们接近南极大陆时，船只被困在了浮冰之中。数月的等待中，船员们希望浮冰能够释放它的束缚。然而，浮冰慢慢压碎了“坚忍号”，迫使沙克尔顿做出了一个决定性的抉择：弃船，在冰上求生。 接下来的两年是一场考验人类忍耐力极限的磨难。船员们在漂流的浮冰上扎营，忍受着降至零下40摄氏度的严寒。他们以海豹肉和企鹅为食，融冰取水，在简易的庇护所里睡觉。尽管条件残酷，沙克尔顿的领导力却从未动摇。他凭借强大的个人魅力维持着士气，确保即使在最黑暗的时刻，希望依然存在。 当他们脚下的浮冰开始碎裂时，船员们登上了救生艇，在危险的水域中航行，到达了荒芜无人居住的大象岛。沙克尔顿意识到不会有救援到来，做出了最大胆的决定：他和另外五人将乘坐一艘小救生艇航行800英里，穿越地球上最危险的海洋，前往南乔治亚岛的一个捕鲸站寻求帮助。 穿越南大洋的旅程是一场噩梦——滔天的巨浪、冰冷的海水和几乎持续的危险。17天里，沙克尔顿和他的同伴们与自然搏斗，天晴时依靠星象导航，天阴时依靠直觉。排除万难，他们到达了南乔治亚岛。但他们的磨难还没有结束——他们还需要穿越岛上未经勘测、冰川覆盖的内陆地区才能到达捕鲸站。 沙克尔顿穿越南乔治亚岛的旅程本身就是一个传奇。没有地图，没有绳索，只有最基本的攀爬装备，他和两名同伴穿越了从未有人穿越过的山脉和冰川。当他们最终到达捕鲸站时，挪威的捕鲸者们震惊了——他们早就对这次探险不抱希望了。 沙克尔顿的第一反应彰显了他的为人：“没有失去一条生命，而我们刚刚经历了地狱。”他立即组织了对困在大象岛上的人们的救援行动。令人惊叹的是，探险队的27名成员全部生还。 “坚忍号”的故事不仅仅是一个生存故事——它是一堂关于领导力、希望和人类精神非凡忍耐力的课。沙克尔顿明白，生存不仅依赖于体力，还依赖于心理韧性。他让队员们专注于未来，维持常规和仪式，在非人的条件下保留了人性。 在一个舒适和便利的时代，沙克尔顿“坚忍号”的故事提醒我们一个基本真理：当我们被剥夺了一切习以为常的东西时，人类精神拥有几乎无限的勇气、毅力和希望。生存不仅仅是活着——而是保持人性。 【词汇积累】 enduranceɪnˈdjʊərəns] n. 忍耐力，耐久力 expeditionˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n. 远征，探险 testamentˈtestəmənt] n. 证明，见证 indomitableɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl] adj. 不屈不挠的 withstandwɪðˈstænd] v. 经受住，抵抗 punishˈpʌnɪʃ] v. 折磨，严峻对待 traptræp] v. 困住，陷入 ordealɔːˈdiːl] n. 磨难，严峻考验 moraleməˈrɑːl] n. 士气，精神面貌 audaciousɔːˈdeɪʃəs] adj. 大胆的，鲁莽的 treacherousˈtretʃərəs] adj. 危险的，不可靠的 barrenˈbærən] adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的 unchartedˌʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd] adj. 未经勘测的 traversetrəˈvɜːs] v. 穿越，横越 resiliencerɪˈzɪliəns] n. 韧性，复原力 perseveranceˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n. 毅力，坚持 routineruːˈtiːn] n. 常规，惯例 fundamentallyˌfʌndəˈmentəli] adv. 根本地 【知识拓展】 一、欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士（Sir Ernest Shackleton，18741922） 沙克尔顿是英裔爱尔兰探险家，南极探险黄金时代的代表人物之一。他共领导了三次南极探险：1901年随“发现号”探险，19071909年领导“尼姆罗德号”探险（创下南纬88°23'的记录），以及19141917年的“坚忍号”探险。虽然沙克尔顿从未到达南极点，但他被誉为最伟大的领导者之一，因为他在“坚忍号”探险中成功将全部27名队员安全带回。 二、“坚忍号”（Endurance）探险时间线 1914年8月：从英格兰起航 1915年1月：被困浮冰 1915年10月：船被冰压碎，弃船 1915年11月1916年4月：在浮冰上求生 1916年4月：乘救生艇到达大象岛 1916年4月5月：沙克尔顿和5人乘救生艇航行800英里到南乔治亚岛 1916年5月：到达南乔治亚岛捕鲸站 1916年8月：成功营救所有队员 三、生存心理学 沙克尔顿的生存智慧已被现代心理学研究所证实。研究表明，在极端环境中，心理韧性比体力更重要。沙克尔顿通过维持日常仪式（如定期开会、庆祝活动）来保持队员的心理健康，这种方法被称为“心理社会支持”，对现代极端环境工作者（如宇航员、潜艇船员）具有重要启示。 【词汇延伸】 set out to do 着手做，开始做 test every fibre of 考验……的每一丝（力量/耐力） through sheer force of 纯粹凭借…… battle the elements 与自然搏斗 against all odds 排除万难 give up hope 放弃希望 organize a rescue mission 组织救援行动 in the face of 面对（困难） strip of everything 剥夺一切 take for granted 视为理所当然 【高考真题链接】 【高考真题链接】 （2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解C篇） In the extremely dry desert, survival is a daily challenge for any creature. But one small insect, the Namib Desert beetle, has found a clever way to survive. It can collect water from the air using its own body. The beetle's back is covered with tiny bumps (凸起). Each bump is about half a millimeter wide. The tops of the bumps are smooth and attract water, while the sides are waxy and repel water. When the wind blows from the ocean to the desert in the morning, it carries small drops of water. These drops land on the beetle's back, where they stick to the smooth tops of the bumps. When enough water has collected, the drops become too heavy and roll down the sides of the bumps, falling into the beetle's mouth. Scientists have been studying this beetle for years. They have even created materials that copy its back. These materials could be used to collect water in dry areas around the world. “This is a great example of how nature can teach us to solve problems,” said one researcher. But the beetle's survival method is not just about getting water. It also shows how living things can adapt to their environment. In a place where almost nothing can live, this tiny insect has found a way to not just survive, but thrive. The beetle's story is a reminder that even in the most difficult conditions, life finds a way. It also shows that we can learn a lot from nature — if we only take the time to look. 1. How does the Namib Desert beetle collect water? A. By drinking from small pools. B. By absorbing water through its skin. C. By using the bumps on its back. D. By digging holes in the sand. 2. What do we know about the bumps on the beetle's back? A. Their tops are waxy and repel water. B. Their sides attract water more than the tops. C. Their tops are smooth and attract water. D. They are covered with tiny holes. 3. What does the underlined word “repel” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Attract. B. Hold. C. Absorb. D. Drive away. 4. What is the main message of the text? A. Desert beetles are the strongest insects. B. Nature can provide solutions to human problems. C. All creatures can survive in the desert. D. Scientists have found all water sources on Earth. 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纳米布沙漠甲虫在极端干旱环境中的独特生存策略：利用背部的微小凸起结构从雾气中收集水分。这种生存机制不仅展示了生物适应环境的能力，还为科学家解决干旱地区淡水收集问题提供了灵感，揭示了“向自然学习”的深刻启示。 【答案与解析】 1. C 【解析】细节理解题。 根据文章第二段“The beetle's back is covered with tiny bumps... These drops land on the beetle's back, where they stick to the smooth tops of the bumps. When enough water has collected, the drops become too heavy and roll down the sides of the bumps, falling into the beetle's mouth.（这种甲虫的背部覆盖着微小的凸起……这些水滴落在甲虫的背上，粘在凸起光滑的顶部。当收集到足够的水时，水滴变得太重，沿着凸起的侧面滚落，落入甲虫的嘴里。）”可知，纳米布沙漠甲虫通过利用其背部的凸起来收集水分。选项C“By using the bumps on its back.（通过利用其背部的凸起）”与此完全吻合。选项A（通过饮用小水坑）、选项B（通过皮肤吸收水分）和选项D（通过在沙子里挖洞）文中均未提及。 2. C 【解析】细节理解题。 根据文章第二段“The tops of the bumps are smooth and attract water, while the sides are waxy and repel water.（凸起的顶部光滑且吸水，而侧面是蜡质的且疏水。）”可知，凸起的顶部光滑且吸水。选项C“Their tops are smooth and attract water.（它们的顶部光滑且吸水）”正确。选项A（它们的顶部是蜡质的且疏水）——张冠李戴，文中说的是侧面是蜡质的；选项B（侧面比顶部更吸水）——与文意相反；选项D（它们覆盖着微小的孔）文中未提及。 3. D 【解析】词句猜测题。 划线词所在句子为“The tops of the bumps are smooth and attract water, while the sides are waxy and repel water.（凸起的顶部光滑且attract水，而侧面是蜡质的且repel水。）”句中“while”表示对比转折关系，“attract（吸引）”与划线词“repel”构成反义对应。既然顶部“吸引”水，那么侧面就应该与“吸引”相反，即“排斥”水。选项D“Drive away（驱赶，排斥）”符合语境。选项A“Attract（吸引）”与“attract”同义，与“while”的转折逻辑不符；选项B“Hold（容纳）”和选项C“Absorb（吸收）”均与“attract”方向一致，不符合转折对比的逻辑。 4. B 【解析】主旨大意题。 文章介绍了沙漠甲虫收集水分的生存机制，并在第三段指出“Scientists have been studying this beetle for years. They have even created materials that copy its back. These materials could be used to collect water in dry areas around the world.（科学家们研究这种甲虫已有多年。他们甚至制造了模仿其背部的材料。这些材料可以用来在世界各地的干旱地区收集水。）”以及最后一段“It also shows that we can learn a lot from nature — if we only take the time to look.（这也表明我们可以从自然中学到很多——只要我们花时间去观察。）”可知，文章的核心信息是自然可以为人类问题提供解决方案。选项B“Nature can provide solutions to human problems.（自然可以为人类问题提供解决方案）”准确概括了文章主旨。选项A（沙漠甲虫是最强壮的昆虫）过于夸张且不是文章重点；选项C（所有生物都能在沙漠中生存）与文中“almost nothing can live”相悖；选项D（科学家已经找到了地球上所有的水源）文中未提及。 ( 命题特点 主旨大意题是阅读理解中的核心题型，旨在考查考生对文章整体内容、作者写作意图和中心思想的把握能力。这类题目要求考生具备“从具体到抽象”的概括能力，能够透过叙述性情节或说明性细节捕捉作者想要传达的核心价值观或主要论点。在高考中，主旨大意题通常出现在说明文或记叙文的最后一题，正确选项多为高度概括性的短句或对核心观点的提炼。 命题规律 1. 文末升华处常考：说明文往往在结尾部分对全文进行总结升华，点明核心观点，这是主旨大意题答案最常出现的位置。 2. 首段引出话题处常考：文章开头引入的话题或提出的问题，往往与结尾的结论形成呼应，共同指向文章主旨。 3. 反复出现的关键概念处常考：文章中多次出现的关键词或核心概念，往往是标题或主旨的重要线索。 主旨大意题解题思维 1. 通读全文，把握脉络：先整体阅读文章，理清文章的结构——是“问题—分析—解决”型，还是“现象—原因—启示”型。 2. 重点关注首尾段：首段引出的话题和尾段总结的观点往往指向文章的核心。说明文通常在首段提出要说明的对象，在尾段进行总结或升华。 3. 寻找反复出现的关键词：文章中多次出现的词汇通常是文章主题的核心要素。 4. 排除干扰选项： - 以偏概全：选项只概括了文章的某一部分内容，而 非整体 主旨。 - 过度引申：选项超出了文章的实际内容范围，加入了文章并 未表达 的观点。 - 表面化：选项只停留在具体事实层面，未能提炼出深层寓意或核心论点。 - 无中生有：选项内容在文章中完全没有依据。 主旨大意题干扰项特征 1. 以偏概全：选项只概括了文章的一个细节或段落，而忽略了其他重要内容。 2. 过度引申：选项超出了文章的实际内容，加入了文章并 未表达 的观点或结论。 3. 表面化：选项只停留在具体事实或情节层面，未能提炼出作者的深层意图或文章的核心价值。 4. 无中生有：选项内容在文章中完全没有提及或缺乏依据。 ) ( 1 ． The tops of the bumps are smooth and attract water, while the sides are waxy and repel water. 抓标志： 连词 while 表示对比转折 判类型： 并列句（ while 连接两个对比的并列分句） 试翻译： 凸起的顶部光滑且吸水，而侧面是蜡质的且疏水。 2 ． These drops land on the beetle's back, where they stick to the smooth tops of the bumps. 抓标志： 关系副词 where 引导非限制性定语从句 判类型： 主句＋ where 引导的非限制性定语从句（修饰先行词 back ） 试翻译： 这些水滴落在甲虫的背上，在那里它们粘在凸起光滑的顶部。 ) ( 词汇 / 短语 词性 释义 survival n. 生存，存活 creature n. 生物，动物 beetle n. 甲虫 bump n. 凸起，肿块 waxy adj. 蜡质的 repel v. 排斥，驱赶 attract v. 吸引 absorb v. 吸收 adapt to 短语 适应 thrive v. 茁壮成长，繁荣 reminder n. 提醒物，提示 extremely adv. 极其，非常 millimeter n. 毫米 copy v. 模仿，复制 material n. 材料，物质 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 342 沙克尔顿坚忍号生存史诗 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 298 动物在极端环境中的生存策略 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 316 一位登山者的生存故事 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 305 人类在太空中的生存挑战 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 288 城市环境中的生存智慧 Passage 6 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 218 生存的关键：希望与韧性 Passage 7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 336 如何培养生存能力 Passage 8 完形填空 说明文 284 极端生存的心理学 Passage 9 完形填空 记叙文 262 一个关于生存的个人故事 Passage 10 语法填空 说明文 248 沙克尔顿领导力启示 Passage 1 Shackleton's Endurance: The Greatest Survival Story Ever Told （20252026学年广东深圳高一下期末） In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton set out on an ambitious expedition: to cross the Antarctic continent on foot. Instead, he led his 27 men on one of the most extraordinary survival journeys in history—a testament to human endurance and the indomitable spirit of survival. The expedition began with high hopes. Shackleton and his crew sailed from England aboard the Endurance, a sturdy wooden ship designed to withstand Antarctic ice. But just as they approached the continent, the ship became trapped in pack ice. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip. Instead, the ice slowly crushed the Endurance, forcing Shackleton to abandon ship and survive on the ice. What followed was a twoyear ordeal that tested every fibre of human endurance. The crew set up camp on drifting ice floes, enduring temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They lived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift shelters. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never faltered. When the ice beneath them began to break apart, the crew took to the lifeboats, navigating through treacherous waters to reach Elephant Island. Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help at a whaling station in South Georgia. After 17 days of battling towering waves and freezing spray, they reached South Georgia. But they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior. With no maps, no ropes, and only basic climbing gear, they crossed mountains and glaciers never before traversed. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. Shackleton's immediate response was: "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell." His leadership, hope, and courage transformed a potential tragedy into one of history's greatest survival stories. 1. What was Shackleton's original goal for the Endurance expedition? A. To sail around Antarctica. B. To cross the Antarctic continent on foot. C. To find a new shipping route. D. To study Antarctic wildlife. 2. Why was the Endurance forced to be abandoned? A. It was attacked by a whale. B. It was crushed by pack ice. C. It ran out of fuel. D. It caught fire. 3. What did Shackleton do after reaching Elephant Island? A. He gave up hope of rescue. B. He sailed 800 miles to seek help. C. He built a permanent shelter. D. He waited for rescue. 4. What makes Shackleton's story remarkable? A. He reached the South Pole. B. All 27 members of his expedition survived. C. He discovered new land. D. He completed his original mission. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段"set out to achieve what no one had done before: cross the Antarctic continent on foot"可知，沙克尔顿的原始目标是徒步穿越南极大陆。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段"the ice slowly crushed the Endurance"可知，船被浮冰压碎。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段"he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help"可知，他航行800英里寻求帮助。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段"all 27 members of the expedition survived"可知，所有27名队员都生还是这个故事最非凡之处。故选B。 Passage 2 Animal Survival Strategies in Extreme Environments （20242025学年湖北武汉高一下期中） Animals have developed remarkable strategies to survive in Earth's most extreme environments. From the freezing Antarctic to the scorching desert, life finds a way. In the Antarctic, emperor penguins survive temperatures that drop to 60°C. They huddle together in large groups, rotating positions so that every penguin gets a turn in the warm center. This cooperative behavior can raise the temperature in the group by up to 20°C. In the Sahara Desert, the fennec fox has enormous ears that radiate heat, helping it stay cool in temperatures that exceed 40°C. It also has furry feet that protect it from the hot sand and can go for long periods without water. In the deep ocean, where sunlight never reaches and pressures are crushing, creatures like the anglerfish have developed bioluminescence—the ability to produce their own light—to attract prey and communicate. Perhaps the most extreme survivors are tardigrades, also known as water bears. These microscopic creatures can survive temperatures from near absolute zero to over 150°C. They can withstand radiation, dehydration, and even the vacuum of space. These survival strategies remind us that life is remarkably resilient. As one biologist put it, "Life doesn't just exist in the cozy corners of our planet. It thrives in the extremes." Understanding how animals survive in harsh conditions can teach us valuable lessons about resilience and adaptation. 1. How do emperor penguins survive Antarctic cold? A. They grow thick fur. B. They huddle together in groups. C. They migrate to warmer areas. D. They dig burrows in the ice. 2. What adaptation helps the fennec fox stay cool in the desert? A. Its thick fur. B. Its enormous ears that radiate heat. C. Its ability to store water. D. Its nocturnal habits. 3. What makes tardigrades remarkable survivors? A. Their large size. B. Their ability to survive extreme conditions. C. Their speed. D. Their intelligence. 4. What is the author's main message about animal survival? A. Only the largest animals survive. B. Life is remarkably resilient and adaptable. C. Extreme environments are always deadly. D. Animals cannot survive in space. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"they huddle together in large groups"可知，帝企鹅通过挤在一起取暖。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段"enormous ears that radiate heat, helping it stay cool"可知，巨大的耳朵散发热量帮助它保持凉爽。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段"can survive temperatures from near absolute zero to over 150°C"可知，水熊虫能存活于极端温度中。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段"Life doesn't just exist in the cozy corners of our planet. It thrives in the extremes"可知，生命具有非凡的韧性和适应性。故选B。 Passage 3 A Climber's Survival Story （20242025学年山东青岛高一下期末） I have always been drawn to mountains. There is something about the thin air, the silent snow, and the vastness that makes me feel alive. But on a cold morning in 2020, I learned that mountains can also kill. I was climbing a peak in the Himalayas with two friends. We had summitted successfully and were making our descent when the weather changed with terrifying speed. A blizzard descended, reducing visibility to almost zero. We were caught in what climbers call a "whiteout"—where the sky and snow merge into a seamless white void. The temperature dropped to 40°C, and the wind made it feel even colder. We tried to find shelter, but there was none. My feet began to lose feeling. I knew the signs: frostbite was setting in. My friends were struggling too. For three days, we huddled together in a snow cave we dug with our hands and ice axes. We shared body heat and what little food we had. On the third day, the storm finally broke. We found our way down and were rescued by a team that had been searching for us. I lost two toes to frostbite. But I am alive. The experience taught me that survival depends on more than physical strength—it depends on teamwork, hope, and the refusal to give up. As one of my rescuers said, "Mountains don't care about your plans. But if you respect them, they might let you live." 1. What happened to the climbers during their descent? A. They reached the summit successfully. B. They were caught in a blizzard. C. They found a warm shelter. D. They were rescued immediately. 2. What does the word "whiteout" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A condition where everything is white and visibility is zero. B. A type of mountain animal. C. A climbing technique. D. A kind of safety equipment. 3. How did the climbers survive the three days? A. They were rescued quickly. B. They had plenty of food and supplies. C. They huddled together in a snow cave. D. They found a hut. 4. What lesson did the author learn from the experience? A. Climbing mountains is always safe. B. Survival depends on physical strength alone. C. Survival depends on teamwork and hope. D. It is better to climb alone. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"a blizzard descended"可知，下撤途中遭遇了暴风雪。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段"where the sky and snow merge into a seamless white void"可知，whiteout是指天空和雪融为一体、能见度为零的状况。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段"we huddled together in a snow cave"可知，他们挤在雪洞里求生。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段"survival depends on more than physical strength—it depends on teamwork, hope, and the refusal to give up"可知，生存依赖于团队合作和希望。故选C。 Passage 4 Surviving in Space: The Ultimate Challenge （20242025学年湖南长沙高一下月考） Space is the most hostile environment humans have ever attempted to inhabit. It is a vacuum with no air, no water, and no protection from deadly radiation or extreme temperatures. Yet, for over two decades, astronauts have been living and working aboard the International Space Station (ISS), demonstrating that humans can survive—and even thrive—in space. One of the greatest challenges of space survival is the absence of gravity. In microgravity, muscles atrophy, bones lose density, and fluids shift to the upper body. Astronauts must exercise for at least two hours every day to prevent these effects. Without this exercise, they would lose up to 15% of their muscle mass in just two weeks. Another challenge is cosmic radiation. Unlike Earth, which is protected by its magnetic field and atmosphere, the ISS is exposed to high levels of radiation from the sun and deep space. Astronauts are at increased risk of cancer and other health problems. Future missions to Mars will face even greater radiation exposure. Psychological challenges are equally significant. Confined to a small space with the same people for months, astronauts must cope with isolation, boredom, and the stress of living in a dangerous environment. They rely on communication with family and ground control, as well as hobbies and entertainment, to maintain their mental health. Despite these challenges, space exploration continues to push the boundaries of human survival. As one astronaut said, "We go into space not because it is easy, but because it is hard. It tests our limits and reminds us of what we are capable of." The lessons learned from space survival may one day help humans establish colonies on other planets. 1. What is one of the greatest physical challenges of living in space? A. Lack of food. B. Lack of gravity. C. Lack of entertainment. D. Lack of communication. 2. How much muscle mass can astronauts lose in two weeks without exercise? A. Up to 5%. B. Up to 10%. C. Up to 15%. D. Up to 20%. 3. What psychological challenge do astronauts face in space? A. Too much personal space. B. Isolation and boredom. C. Too many social activities. D. Lack of sunlight. 4. What is the author's attitude toward space exploration? A. It is too dangerous to continue. B. It tests human limits and is worthwhile. C. It should only focus on the moon. D. It is a waste of resources. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"one of the greatest challenges of space survival is the absence of gravity"可知，缺乏重力是太空生存的最大挑战之一。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段"they would lose up to 15% of their muscle mass in just two weeks"可知，两周内可损失高达15%的肌肉量。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段"astronauts must cope with isolation, boredom, and the stress"可知，宇航员面临孤立和无聊的心理挑战。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段"it tests our limits and reminds us of what we are capable of"可知，作者认为太空探索虽然艰难但值得，它考验人类的极限。故选B。 Passage 5 Survival Wisdom from the City （20242025学年福建厦门高一下期中） When we think of survival, we often imagine extreme scenarios: being lost in a jungle, stranded on a desert island, or fighting for life in a blizzard. But survival is not just about wilderness—it is also about navigating the challenges of modern urban life. In cities, we face different kinds of threats: financial crises, social isolation, and the constant pressure to succeed. The skills needed to survive in the wild—adaptability, resourcefulness, and resilience—are equally important in the urban jungle. Consider the story of Maria, who lost her job during an economic downturn. She had no savings and few connections. But instead of giving up, she adapted. She learned new skills, networked actively, and took on parttime work. Within a year, she had not only found a stable job but had also started her own small business. What made Maria succeed? Psychologists point to several factors: optimism, the ability to learn from failure, and a strong support network. These are the same qualities that help people survive in extreme environments. As one psychologist put it, "Survival in any environment—whether a desert or a city—requires the same mindset: keep moving forward, learn from setbacks, and never lose hope." In our modern, fastpaced world, the ability to survive is more important than ever. We may not face polar bears or blizzards, but we face the everyday challenges of life. The survival skills we develop—patience, determination, and the willingness to ask for help—can carry us through any storm, whether in the wild or in the city. 1. According to the passage, what types of threats do cities present? A. Wild animals and extreme weather. B. Financial crises and social isolation. C. Physical attacks and robberies. D. Pollution and traffic accidents. 2. How did Maria survive the economic downturn? A. She gave up looking for work. B. She moved to a small town. C. She adapted, learned new skills, and networked. D. She received a large inheritance. 3. What qualities help people survive in both extreme environments and urban life? A. Wealth and status. B. Strength and speed. C. Optimism and the ability to learn from failure. D. Beauty and intelligence. 4. What is the author's main message about survival? A. Survival skills are only needed in the wilderness. B. Urban life is too comfortable to require survival skills. C. The same survival skills apply to both wild and urban environments. D. Only wealthy people can survive in cities. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"financial crises, social isolation, and the constant pressure to succeed"可知，城市中的威胁包括经济危机和社会孤立。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段"she adapted. She learned new skills, networked actively"可知，Maria通过适应、学习新技能和建立人际网络生存下来。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段"optimism, the ability to learn from failure, and a strong support network"可知，乐观和从失败中学习的能力帮助人们在极端环境和城市生活中生存。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段"whether in the wild or in the city"可知，作者认为同样的生存技能适用于荒野和城市环境。故选C。 Passage 6 The Key to Survival: Hope and Resilience （20242025学年广东广州高一下期末） Survival stories have always fascinated us.1_______But what makes some people survive while others give up? The answer lies not in physical strength alone, but in two powerful forces: hope and resilience.2_______Survivors are not those who never feel fear—they are those who refuse to let fear stop them. Psychologists have studied survivors of disasters, wars, and extreme conditions.3_______They found that survivors share common traits: they maintain a sense of purpose, they focus on what they can control, and they refuse to give up hope. Shackleton's Endurance expedition illustrates this perfectly.4_______He maintained morale through sheer force of personality, ensuring that even in the darkest moments, hope remained. He kept his men focused on the future, maintaining routines and rituals that preserved their humanity. Resilience is not something you are born with—it is something you develop.5_______We can build resilience by practicing optimism, developing problemsolving skills, and building strong relationships. As one survivor put it, "Hope is not about believing everything will be fine—it is about believing that you can make things fine, no matter what happens." In our own lives, we may not face polar bears or shipwrecks. But we all face challenges that test our spirit. The same hope and resilience that helped Shackleton survive can help us navigate the storms of our own lives. A. It is a skill that can be learned and strengthened. B. Shackleton's leadership never faltered despite the brutal conditions. C. They reveal the extraordinary capacity of humans to endure. D. They have discovered some surprising patterns. E. Physical fitness is the most important factor for survival. F. Isolation and loneliness are the greatest threats to survival. G. A positive attitude is essential for overcoming challenges. 【答案】1.C 2.G 3.D 4.B 5.A 【解析】1. 前文提到生存故事一直吸引着我们，C项"它们揭示了人类非凡的忍耐力"承接前文，解释为什么这些故事吸引人。故选C。 2. 前文提到希望和韧性是关键，G项"积极的态度对于克服挑战至关重要"进一步说明乐观态度的价值。故选G。 3. 前文提到心理学家研究了灾难、战争和极端条件的幸存者，D项"他们发现了一些令人惊讶的模式"承接前文，引出后文关于幸存者共同特征的具体描述。故选D。 4. 前文提到沙克尔顿的探险完美地说明了这一点，B项"尽管条件残酷，沙克尔顿的领导力从未动摇"具体说明沙克尔顿如何体现希望和韧性。故选B。 5. 前文提到韧性是可以发展的，A项"它是一种可以学习和加强的技能"进一步说明韧性是可以后天培养的。故选A。 Passage 7 How to Build Your Survival Skills （20242025学年湖北武汉高一下期末） Survival skills are not just for adventurers and explorers—they are essential for everyone.1_______Here are some practical ways to build your survival skills. First, develop a survival mindset.2_______This means accepting that challenges are a normal part of life and believing that you can overcome them. It means focusing on solutions rather than problems. Second, learn basic survival techniques.3_______You don't need to be an expert, but knowing how to find water, start a fire, and signal for help could save your life in an emergency. Third, build physical and mental resilience.4_______Regular exercise strengthens your body, while practices like meditation build mental strength. The more resilient you are, the better you can handle stress and adversity. Fourth, cultivate a support network.5_______Having people you can rely on—whether family, friends, or community—provides emotional and practical support in difficult times. Finally, never stop learning. The more you know, the more resources you have to draw on when faced with challenges. As one survival expert said, "The person who survives is not the strongest or the fastest—it is the one who is best prepared." Start building your survival skills today—you never know when you might need them. A. These include navigation, first aid, and firemaking. B. No one can survive alone—we all need help sometimes. C. In an unpredictable world, being prepared can make all the difference. D. Survival is about luck, not skill. E. A positive attitude can help you face any challenge. F. Technology is the only thing you need for survival. G. Resilience is the ability to recover from setbacks. 【答案】1.C 2.E 3.A 4.G 5.B 【解析】1. 前文提到生存技能对每个人都至关重要，C项"在一个不可预测的世界里，做好准备可以产生巨大的影响"承接前文，强调准备的重要性。故选C。 2. 前文提到培养生存心态，E项"积极的态度可以帮助你面对任何挑战"解释生存心态的核心内容。故选E。 3. 前文提到学习基本生存技术，A项"这些包括导航、急救和生火"具体列举了这些技术。故选A。 4. 前文提到建立身体和心理韧性，G项"韧性是从挫折中恢复的能力"解释了韧性的含义。故选G。 5. 前文提到培养支持网络，B项"没有人能独自生存——我们有时都需要帮助"说明支持网络的重要性。故选B。 Passage 8 （20242025学年山东济南高一下期末） In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton set out on an expedition to cross Antarctica. Instead, he led his 27 men on one of the most1_______survival journeys in history. The story of the Endurance is a2_______to human endurance and the indomitable spirit of survival. The expedition began with high hopes. Shackleton and his crew sailed from England aboard the Endurance, a3_______wooden ship designed to withstand Antarctic ice. But just as they approached the continent, the ship became4_______in pack ice. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip. Instead, the ice slowly crushed the Endurance,5_______Shackleton to abandon ship and survive on the ice. What followed was a twoyear6_______that tested every fibre of human endurance. The crew set up camp on drifting ice floes,7_______temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They lived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift8_______. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never9_______. When the ice beneath them began to break apart, the crew took to the lifeboats,10_______through treacherous waters to reach Elephant Island. Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help at a whaling station in South Georgia. [11_______all odds, they reached South Georgia. But they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior. With no maps, no ropes, and only basic climbing gear, they crossed mountains and glaciers never before12_______. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. Shackleton's immediate response was: "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell." His leadership, hope, and courage13_______a potential tragedy into one of history's greatest survival stories. The story of the Endurance reminds us that14_______depends not only on physical strength but on psychological resilience. In an age of comfort and convenience, it reminds us that when15_______of everything we take for granted, the human spirit possesses an almost boundless capacity for courage, perseverance, and hope. 1. A. ordinary B. extraordinary C. dangerous D. mysterious 2. A. testament B. tragedy C. failure D. mystery 3. A. modern B. tiny C. sturdy D. fragile 4. A. trapped B. floating C. sailing D. anchored 5. A. inviting B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging 6. A. adventure B. ordeal C. journey D. vacation 7. A. enjoying B. avoiding C. enduring D. ignoring 8. A. houses B. shelters C. boats D. cities 9. A. faltered B. improved C. changed D. disappeared 10. A. flying B. walking C. navigating D. swimming 11. A. For B. Against C. Despite D. With 12. A. named B. seen C. traversed D. forgotten 13. A. divided B. transformed C. separated D. fell 14. A. survival B. failure C. adventure D. exploration 15. A. provided B. reminded C. stripped D. informed 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 【解析】1. 考查形容词。根据后文描述，这是最"非凡的"生存故事之一。extraordinary意为"非凡的"。故选B。 2. 考查名词。这个故事是"证明"，证明人类的忍耐力。testament意为"证明"。故选A。 3. 考查形容词。船是"坚固的"木制船。sturdy意为"坚固的"。故选C。 4. 考查动词。船被"困"在浮冰中。trapped意为"被困"。故选A。 5. 考查动词。浮冰慢慢压碎船，"迫使"沙克尔顿弃船。forcing意为"迫使"。故选B。 6. 考查名词。接下来是两年"磨难"。ordeal意为"磨难"。故选B。 7. 考查动词。船员们"忍受"着零下40度的温度。enduring意为"忍受"。故选C。 8. 考查名词。他们在临时的"住所"里睡觉。shelters意为"住所，庇护所"。故选B。 9. 考查动词。沙克尔顿的领导力从未"动摇"。faltered意为"动摇"。故选A。 10. 考查动词。船员们"航行"通过危险的水域。navigating意为"航行"。故选C。 11. 考查介词。"排除"万难，他们到达了南乔治亚岛。against all odds为固定搭配，意为"排除万难"。故选B。 12. 考查动词。他们穿越了从未被"穿越过"的山脉。traversed意为"穿越"。故选C。 13. 考查动词。他的领导力、希望和勇气"转变"了潜在的悲剧。transformed意为"转变"。故选B。 14. 考查名词。"生存"不仅依赖于体力，还依赖于心理韧性。survival意为"生存"。故选A。 15. 考查动词。当被"剥夺"了我们视为理所当然的一切时。stripped of意为"被剥夺"。故选C。 Passage 9 （20242025学年湖南长沙高一下期中） I never thought I would need survival skills. I grew up in a quiet suburban town where the biggest1_______was a traffic jam. But all of that changed on a cold November morning. My brother and I were hiking in a national park when a sudden2_______hit. The temperature dropped in minutes, and snow began to fall heavily. We were miles from the trailhead,3_______in a place we didn't recognize. At first, I4_______. I was sure that the storm would pass quickly and that we would find our way back. But as the hours passed, the snow deepened and the temperature continued to drop. My brother, who had some survival5_______, took charge. "We need to build a shelter," he said. We6_______a large fallen tree and used its branches to create a makeshift roof. We covered ourselves with leaves and pine needles for7_______. We had no8_______, so we couldn't make a fire. Our food was limited to a few energy bars. We huddled together,9_______body heat. The first night was the worst. I was10_______of freezing to death. But my brother kept talking to me, telling me stories, making jokes. He kept my11_______up. On the second day, the storm12_______. We managed to find our way back to the trail. When we reached the trailhead, a rescue team was waiting for us. I learned a lot from that experience. I learned that survival skills are not just for adventurers—they are for13_______. I learned that14_______is as important as preparation. And I learned that having someone you can15_______makes all the difference. 1. A. challenge B. adventure C. celebration D. discovery 2. A. earthquake B. storm C. flood D. fire 3. A. lost B. found C. safe D. comfortable 4. A. panicked B. celebrated C. planned D. ignored 5. A. training B. equipment C. stories D. excuses 6. A. climbed B. planted C. dug D. found 7. A. fun B. decoration C. warmth D. beauty 8. A. water B. matches C. food D. money 9. A. generating B. sharing C. wasting D. absorbing 10. A. proud B. afraid C. confident D. excited 11. A. speed B. strength C. spirits D. promise 12. A. worsened B. disappeared C. began D. continued 13. A. professionals B. celebrities C. everyone D. experts 14. A. luck B. hope C. money D. technology 15. A. trust B. pay C. follow D. ignore 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 【解析】1. 考查名词。作者生活中最大的"挑战"是交通堵塞。challenge意为"挑战"。故选A。 2. 考查名词。一场突如其来的"暴风雨"袭击了。storm意为"暴风雨"。故选B。 3. 考查形容词。他们在不熟悉的地方"迷路"了。lost意为"迷路的"。故选A。 4. 考查动词。起初作者"恐慌"了。panicked意为"恐慌"。故选A。 5. 考查名词。哥哥有生存"训练"经验。training意为"训练"。故选A。 6. 考查动词。他们"找到"了一棵倒下的大树。found意为"找到"。故选D。 7. 考查名词。他们用树叶和松针来"保暖"。warmth意为"温暖"。故选C。 8. 考查名词。他们没有"火柴"，无法生火。matches意为"火柴"。故选B。 9. 考查动词。他们挤在一起，"分享"体热。sharing意为"分享"。故选B。 10. 考查形容词。作者"害怕"冻死。afraid意为"害怕的"。故选B。 11. 考查名词。哥哥让作者保持"精神"高昂。spirits意为"精神，情绪"。故选C。 12. 考查动词。第二天，暴风雨"消失了"。disappeared意为"消失"。故选B。 13. 考查名词。生存技能不仅适用于冒险家，也适用于"每个人"。everyone意为"每个人"。故选C。 14. 考查名词。作者学到"希望"和准备一样重要。hope意为"希望"。故选B。 15. 考查动词。可以"信任"的人会带来巨大不同。trust意为"信任"。故选A。 Passage 10 （20242025学年广东深圳高一下期末） The story of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition is one of the most remarkable survival tales in history. In 1914, Shackleton set out1______ (cross) the Antarctic continent on foot. Instead, he led his 27 men on a twoyear ordeal that tested every fibre of human endurance. The Endurance, a sturdy wooden ship, was2______ (trap) in pack ice just as the expedition approached Antarctica. For months, the crew waited, hoping the ice would release its grip.3______, the ice slowly crushed the ship, forcing Shackleton to abandon it. What followed was a desperate struggle for survival. The crew lived on drifting ice floes,4______ (endure) temperatures that plunged to 40°C. They survived on seal meat and penguin, melted ice for water, and slept in makeshift shelters. Despite the brutal conditions, Shackleton's leadership never faltered. He maintained morale through sheer force of5______ (personal). When the ice broke apart, the crew took to the lifeboats, navigating through treacherous waters to reach Elephant Island.6______ (realize) that no rescue would come, Shackleton made the most audacious decision of all: he and five others would sail 800 miles across the most dangerous ocean on Earth to seek help. After 17 days of battling7______ (tower) waves and freezing spray, they reached South Georgia. But they still had to cross the island's uncharted, glaciercovered interior8______ no maps or ropes, using only basic climbing gear. Remarkably, all 27 members of the expedition survived. Shackleton's leadership, hope, and courage transformed a potential tragedy into one of history's greatest survival stories. The story of the Endurance teaches us9______ survival depends not only on physical strength but on psychological resilience. In an age of comfort and convenience, it reminds us of the extraordinary capacity of the human spirit to endure, to10______ (hope), and to persevere. 【答案】1. to cross 2. trapped 3. However 4. enduring 5. personality 6. Realizing 7. towering 8. with 9. that 10. hope 【解析】1. 考查非谓语动词。set out to do sth为固定搭配，意为"着手做某事"。故填to cross。 2. 考查非谓语动词。ship与trap之间为被动关系，用过去分词trapped。故填trapped。 3. 考查副词。前后句为转折关系，用However（然而）。故填However。 4. 考查非谓语动词。the crew与endure之间为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填enduring。 5. 考查名词。通过纯粹的个人"魅力"维持士气。personality意为"人格，魅力"。故填personality。 6. 考查非谓语动词。Shackleton与realize之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填Realizing。 7. 考查形容词。修饰名词waves，用towering（滔天的）。故填towering。 8. 考查介词。with no maps意为"没有地图"。故填with。 9. 考查连词。teach后接宾语从句，从句结构完整，用that引导。故填that。 10. 考查动词。不定式to后接动词原形，hope意为"希望"。故填hope。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $