专题22 祈使句和省略句（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了祈使句和省略句专题，涵盖祈使句的Do型、Don’t/Never型、Let型等六大知识点，以及省略句的介词省略、定语从句省略等六大高频考点，搭建了完整的语法知识体系。 清单采用知识脑图构建核心脉络，考点分层突破重难点，如将“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”标为高频考点并配即时训练。结合高考真题和名校模拟题精练，培养学生语言能力和思维品质，方便学生自主查漏补缺，助力教师精准指导复习。

专题22 祈使句和省略句（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 祈使句 知识点1 祈使句用法概述 知识点2 Do型祈使句 知识点3 Don’t/Never型祈使句 知识点4 Let型祈使句 知识点5祈使句+and/or+陈述句 知识点6 No+名词/doing祈使句 考点二 省略句 知识点1 省略介词的高频句型 知识点2 定语从句的省略用法 知识点3 宾语从句的省略用法 知识点4 虚拟语气的省略用法 知识点5 并列句的省略用法 知识点6 动词不定式to的省略 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（祈使句和省略句） 名校模拟（祈使句和省略句） 原创语法填空（祈使句和省略句） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 祈使句 知识点1 祈使句用法概述 祈使句：祈使句属于陈述语气，另外还有 和 。学好祈使句，一是掌握祈使句基本知识结构，二是加强训练，查漏补缺。 知识点2 Do型祈使句 1.祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。 Do型祈使句以 开头，直接表达命令、请求、建议等语气，主语 “ ”通常省略。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。 Speak slowly and clearly when you talk to old people. 和老人交谈时说话缓慢清晰一点。 Do write down important points while you listen to the speech. 听演讲时一定要记下所有重要的要点。 2. 表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上 ，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。 Please hand me that thick storybook lying on the wooden desk. 请把木桌上那本厚厚的故事书递给我。 Share your useful learning notes with your deskmate, please. 请把你实用的学习笔记分享给你的同桌。 知识点3 Don’t/Never型祈使句 1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。 Don’t +行为动词原形+其他，用来劝阻、禁止他人做某事，可搭配 缓和语气。 Don’t throw any rubbish everywhere in our beautiful school garden. 不要在美丽的校园花园里随地乱扔任何垃圾。 Please don’t leave your textbooks and stationery on the classroom desk. 请不要把课本文具随意留在教室课桌上。 2. Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。 以 Never +动词原形 开头构成 祈使句，语气比 Don’t强烈得多，表严禁、绝不，可搭配 please。 Never ignore the importance of wearing a seatbelt. 绝不要忽视系安全带的重要性。 Never cross the street without watching the traffic lights first. 过马路前不看红绿灯的行为绝对不能有。 ★易错提醒：否定祈使句构成反意疑问句，附加问句用肯定形式。 Never litter in the park, will you? 绝对不要在公园乱扔垃圾，好吗？ 知识点4 Let型祈使句 带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头，其结构为： 1. Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语（动词原形）+其它。Let us 说话者，而Let’s则 说话者。 Let me share my useful learning experience with all of you here. 让我在这里和大家分享我的实用学习经验。 Let us spend more time reading books instead of watching short videos. 请允许我们多花读书时间，少刷短视频。 Let’s walk slowly along the lake and enjoy the soft sunset wind. 咱们沿着湖边慢走，享受温柔的傍晚晚风。 2. Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句，附加问句用 ?。 Let’s +动词原形… 表提议 “咱们一起……”，包含说话人和听话人，反意疑问句固定用shall we? Let’s put away all books and tidy up this messy desk, shall we? 咱们收好书本整理这张乱糟糟的桌子，好吗？ 3. Let us... 后接 （当表示 “请求对方允许我们做某事”时）： Let us...请你允许我们（不包含听话人你）做某事，表请求许可，反意疑问句固定搭配 will you? Let us visit the museum alone this Sunday, will you? 请允许我们周日独自去博物馆，可以吗？ 知识点5 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。 1. and表示 关系, or/otherwise表示 关系，and/or后面用“ ”。 Save water every day, and we can protect the planet. 每天节约用水，我们就能保护地球。 Wear a coat, or you’ll catch a cold. 穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。 Follow the rules, or you’ll get into trouble. 遵守规则，否则你会惹上麻烦。 2. 有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组，变为“ +and/or+主句”。 A little patience, and the problem will be solved. 多点耐心，问题就会解决。 One wrong move, or you’ll fall off the cliff. 一步走错，你就会掉下悬崖。 知识点6 No+名词/-ing祈使句 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“ /V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。 No parking! 禁止停车! No entry! 禁止入内! No food or drink! 禁止饮食! No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾! No spitting! 禁止随地吐痰! 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Practice hard every day, you will make great progress in your English learning. 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Hurry up, you will miss the wonderful opening ceremony of the school sports meeting. 3．（2026高二下·全国·专题练习）Don’t (discourage), for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. 4．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习） (never, give) up your dreams, no matter how difficult they seem. 5．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习） (not, be) late for the important interview tomorrow morning. 6．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段检测）Live in each season as it passes; (breath) the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influence of the earth. 7．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段检测）Please (sure) that all the lights are switched off at night. 8．（25-26高一上·四川成都·阶段检测）Take a short break after studying, and you (improve) your focus. 9．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段检测）More efforts you will reach the finishing line soon. 10．（25-26高三·全国·一轮复习）Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. 考点二 省略句 知识点1 省略介词的高频句型 下列短语经常省略介词，注意介词后接动名词作宾语，注意常省略介词增加理解难度。spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事； be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事； prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事； have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难； have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难； There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用； have fun (in) doing做……开心。 He spent two hours in fixing the broken chair. 他花了两小时修理破椅子。 They wasted a lot of money decorating the house. 他们浪费很多钱装修房子。 He is occupied designing a new app for the company. 他忙于为公司设计新应用。 She has a hard time getting up early every morning. 她每天早起很困难。 知识点2 定语从句的省略用法 1. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 Who was the girl (that/whom) he spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ I live near the river (that/which) I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 2. 当先行词the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 I don’t like the way in which/(that) he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/(that) the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 关系代词that, which, who在定语从句作主语时不能省略。 Anyone who breaks school rules will get serious punishment. 任何违反校规的人都会受到严厉处分。 The notebook which lies on the desk records my daily feelings. 放在桌上的这本笔记本记录着我日常的心情。 The teacher that speaks gently always cares about every student. 那位说话温和的老师一直关心每一位学生。 知识点3 宾语从句的省略用法 1. 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 He believes (that) hard work leads to success. 他相信努力工作会带来成功。 Everybody knows (that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 2. 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift. 她说她会来，还说会带一份礼物。 I noticed (that) the door was open and that someone had entered the room. 我注意到门是开着的，而且有人进过房间。 3. 在英语中,可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 在对话中，为避免重复前文问句、陈述句内容，可用 so（肯定）、not（否定）替代整段信息，常见搭配动词：think, believe, hope, suppose, guess, expect, be afraid 等。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗? —I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 --Is there a mistake in the report?" 报告里有错误吗？ ---I'm afraid so(= I'm afraid there is a mistake in the report). I’ll correct it immediately. 恐怕是的。我马上修改。 --Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗？ --I hope not (=I hope it will not rain tomorrow). We’ve planned a picnic. 希望不会。我们计划了野餐。 知识点4 虚拟语气的省略用法 1. 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 Were she more careful (If she were more careful), she would make fewer silly mistakes. 倘若她细心些，就不会犯这么多低级错误。 Had we known the truth earlier (= If we had known the truth earlier), we could have avoided the mistake. 如果我们早知道真相，就能避免这个错误了。 Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), the sports meeting would be canceled. 万一明天下雨，运动会就会取消。 2. 表示“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。 He suggests that we (should) take more exercise every single day. （宾语从句） 他建议我们每天都要进行足量的体育锻炼。 The manager’s order was that all staff (should) arrive before eight. （表语从句） 经理下达命令全体员工八点之前抵达岗位。 It is important that students (should) respect every hard-working teacher. （主语从句） 学生尊敬每一位辛勤付出的老师尤为重要。 知识点5 并列句的省略用法 在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分，如主语，谓语，宾语等，以使句子更加简洁明了。 He works as a doctor and his wife (works) a teacher. 他是个医生，他妻子是个老师。 My brother stayed up late and (he) managed to finish the important project. 我哥哥熬夜很晚，并且完成了一项重要的项目。 The one side of the board is painted red and the other (side of the board was painted) yellow. 这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色，另一面被粉刷成黄色。 Jim won the first prize and Peter (won) the second (prize). 吉姆赢得了一等奖，彼得赢得了二等奖。 知识点6 动词不定式to的省略 1. 感官动词see, watch, notice等和使役动词have, make等接不定式作宾补时省略to，注意被动语态中to应加上。 I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。 →He was seen to cross the road. 有人看见他过了马路。 The teacher made the students clean the classroom. 老师让学生们打扫教室。 →The students were made to clean the classroom. 学生们被要求打扫教室。 2. 在一些高频句型中常常省略不定式符号to： may as well do sth  最好还是做…… had better do         最好做某事 do nothing but do sth别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth?    何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… It’s raining. You might as well stay here. 在下雨，你最好还是待在这里。 He was so tired that he could do nothing but sleep. 他太累了，只能睡觉。 When I saw the funny movie, I couldn’t help but laugh. 我看那部搞笑电影时，忍不住笑了。 I prefer to walk to school rather than take a bus. 我宁愿步行去上学也不愿坐公交车。 3. 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 He can’t swim as fast as he used to (swim). 他游泳不如以前快了。 My parents encouraged me to apply for the job, and I decided to. 我父母鼓励我申请那份工作，我决定申请。 Being kind is more important than just pretending to be. 善良比仅仅假装善良更重要。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The problem, if (handle) properly, will be solved soon. 2．（25-26高一下·江苏无锡·期中）Unless (permit) by the school authority, no students are allowed to take photos or videos in the teaching building. 3．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·阶段检测）Though (face) with countless failures, she never gave up. 4．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·阶段检测）If (leave) in the sun for too long, the ice cream will melt completely. 5．（25-26高一下·天津·阶段检测）When (apply) for the scholarship, you need to submit a completed form, a personal statement, and proof of academic achievement by the deadline. 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If (choose) as the class monitor, I will try my best to help my classmates. 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not . 8．（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）To my relief，the new medicine bought from Japan helped (relief) the pain of my brother’s injured leg. 9．（15-16高一·全国·课后作业）—You should have thanked her before you left. —I meant _______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. 10．（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）He never expected to have much difficulty (find) one who shared common interests with him. 11．（21-22高一上·吉林长春·期中）We all should spend more time (stay) together with our family members. 12．（21-22高二上·全国·课前预习）Come to Dollywood to have fun (learn) all about America’s historical southeastern culture! 13．（21-22高一上·全国·单元测试）There’s no use (protest). I won’t change my mind. 14．（21-22高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Tim is having trouble (balance) his project and schoolwork. 15．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication, unless _____________(handle) properly, may lead to serious problems. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（祈使句和省略句） 1．（2008·湖南·高考真题）_______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about Firefighting. A．Having searched B．To search C．Searching D．Search 2．（2009·江苏·高考真题）– What’s the matter with Della? – Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _________. A．hopes to B．hopes so C．hopes not D．hopes for 3．（2012·湖南·高考真题）Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you. A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．are seeing 4．（2018·北京·高考真题）In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed 5．（2014·北京·高考真题） __ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. A．Observe B．To observe C．Observed D．Observing 6．（2013·上海·高考真题）________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. A．To look B．Looking C．Having looked D．Look 7．（2014·天津·高考真题）Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. A．if B．or C．and D．while 8．（2012·重庆·高考真题）Before you quit your job, ________ how your family would feel about your decision. A．consider B．considering C．to consider D．considered 9．（2014·湖南·高考真题）______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made 10．（2014·广西·高考真题）______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. A．Calling B．Call C．To call D．Having called 11．（2008·全国·高考真题）Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. A．but B．till C．and D．or 12．（2011·山东·高考真题）Find ways to praise your children often,______you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. A．till B．or C．and D．but 13．（2010·四川·高考真题）If you have a job，______ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. A．do devote B．don't devote C．devoting D．not devoting 14．（2007·辽宁·高考真题）Help others whenever you can _______ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A．and B．or C．unless D．but 15．（2009·湖南·高考真题）Please do me a favor— _______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A．to invite B．inviting C．invite D．invited 16．（2010·海南·高考真题）We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with 17．（2015·北京·高考真题）If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon. A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted 18．（2014·湖南·高考真题）（2014·湖南）Children, when_________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A．to be accompanied B．to accompany C．accompanying D．accompanied 19．（2013·新课标Ⅰ·高考真题）(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________． A．not to do B．not to C．not do D．do not 20．（2010·全国·高考真题）Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprising B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised 名校模拟分类精炼（祈使句和省略句） 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Let's go for a walk, we? 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Let us have a rest, (will) you? 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ? 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ? 5．（25-26高三上·全国·一轮复习）— The new windows need washing. — Well, let’s wash them together, ? 6．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）—Sorry, I’m not feeling well and I don’t think I can finish. —Don’t worry. Let us do it for you, ? 7．（23-24高一上·山东济宁·阶段检测）Don’t refer to your notes when answering questions, you? 8．（25-26高一下·江苏南通·期中）Though seriously (affect) by the sudden bad news, she tried her best to calm down and finish the work on time. 9．（25-26高一下·江苏无锡·期中）If (give) more time, we could have worked out the problem. 10．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）While (seat) on the bench, they chatted about their childhood memories 11．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If not (handle) properly, this small mistake could lead to serious problems. 12．（25-26高二下·重庆·期中）The button on the remote control only works when (press) firmly; a light touch won’t activate it. 13．（25-26高二下·江苏·期中）When (speak) by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. 14．（19-20高一下·山东济宁·开学考试）—Will you be able to finish your project today? —I hope . 15．（15-16高一·全国·课后作业）—You should have thanked her before you left. —I meant _______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. 原创重点语法填空（祈使句和省略句） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As temperatures rise across China, a new trend is taking hold. Outdoor sports, 1 draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness, test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature. One standout in this trend, the Spartan Race, has exploded in 2 (popular) in many Chinese cities. So far, the race, along with its muddy routes, high walls, and various obstacles, 3 (gain) significant attraction online as well. Last month, the Spartan China series 4 (land) in Changchun while on October 16-17, the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held 5 the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province. Each event challenges participants to complete distances 6 (range) from 5 to 50 kilometers, with some intensely demanding obstacles depending on the race category. In practice, the race involves climbing, hanging, and carrying sandbags, 7 total return to nature from gyms. Liu Mingyi, chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center, said that the rise of outdoor running 8 (competition) is far from accidental. “In the past, people stayed indoors, lifting weights in gyms. Now, there’s a growing desire 9 (break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented. “These mud-stained events offer not just wildness, 10 a kind of close dialogue with nature.” 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题22 祈使句和省略句（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 祈使句 知识点1 祈使句用法概述 知识点2 Do型祈使句 知识点3 Don’t/Never型祈使句 知识点4 Let型祈使句 知识点5祈使句+and/or+陈述句 知识点6 No+名词/doing祈使句 考点二 省略句 知识点1 省略介词的高频句型 知识点2 定语从句的省略用法 知识点3 宾语从句的省略用法 知识点4 虚拟语气的省略用法 知识点5 并列句的省略用法 知识点6 动词不定式to的省略 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（祈使句和省略句） 名校模拟（祈使句和省略句） 原创语法填空（祈使句和省略句） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 祈使句 知识点1 祈使句用法概述 祈使句：祈使句属于陈述语气，另外还有陈述语气和虚拟语气。学好祈使句，一是掌握祈使句基本知识结构，二是加强训练，查漏补缺。 知识点2 Do型祈使句 1.祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。 Do型祈使句以动词原形开头，直接表达命令、请求、建议等语气，主语 “you”通常省略。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。 Speak slowly and clearly when you talk to old people. 和老人交谈时说话缓慢清晰一点。 Do write down important points while you listen to the speech. 听演讲时一定要记下所有重要的要点。 2. 表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。 Please hand me that thick storybook lying on the wooden desk. 请把木桌上那本厚厚的故事书递给我。 Share your useful learning notes with your deskmate, please. 请把你实用的学习笔记分享给你的同桌。 知识点3 Don’t/Never型祈使句 1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。 Don’t +行为动词原形+其他，用来劝阻、禁止他人做某事，可搭配 please缓和语气。 Don’t throw any rubbish everywhere in our beautiful school garden. 不要在美丽的校园花园里随地乱扔任何垃圾。 Please don’t leave your textbooks and stationery on the classroom desk. 请不要把课本文具随意留在教室课桌上。 2. Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。 以 Never +动词原形 开头构成否定祈使句，语气比 Don’t强烈得多，表严禁、绝不，可搭配 please。 Never ignore the importance of wearing a seatbelt. 绝不要忽视系安全带的重要性。 Never cross the street without watching the traffic lights first. 过马路前不看红绿灯的行为绝对不能有。 ★易错提醒：否定祈使句构成反意疑问句，附加问句用肯定形式。 Never litter in the park, will you? 绝对不要在公园乱扔垃圾，好吗？ 知识点4 Let型祈使句 带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头，其结构为： 1. Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语（动词原形）+其它。Let us不包括说话者，而Let’s则包括说话者。 Let me share my useful learning experience with all of you here. 让我在这里和大家分享我的实用学习经验。 Let us spend more time reading books instead of watching short videos. 请允许我们多花读书时间，少刷短视频。 Let’s walk slowly along the lake and enjoy the soft sunset wind. 咱们沿着湖边慢走，享受温柔的傍晚晚风。 2. Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句，附加问句用shall we?。 Let’s +动词原形… 表提议 “咱们一起……”，包含说话人和听话人，反意疑问句固定用shall we? Let’s put away all books and tidy up this messy desk, shall we? 咱们收好书本整理这张乱糟糟的桌子，好吗？ 3. Let us... 后接 will you（当表示 “请求对方允许我们做某事”时）： Let us...请你允许我们（不包含听话人你）做某事，表请求许可，反意疑问句固定搭配 will you? Let us visit the museum alone this Sunday, will you? 请允许我们周日独自去博物馆，可以吗？ 知识点5 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。 1. and表示顺承关系, or/otherwise表示转折关系，and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。 Save water every day, and we can protect the planet. 每天节约用水，我们就能保护地球。 Wear a coat, or you’ll catch a cold. 穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。 Follow the rules, or you’ll get into trouble. 遵守规则，否则你会惹上麻烦。 2. 有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组，变为“名词短语+and/or+主句”。 A little patience, and the problem will be solved. 多点耐心，问题就会解决。 One wrong move, or you’ll fall off the cliff. 一步走错，你就会掉下悬崖。 知识点6 No+名词/-ing祈使句 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。 No parking! 禁止停车! No entry! 禁止入内! No food or drink! 禁止饮食! No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾! No spitting! 禁止随地吐痰! 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Practice hard every day, you will make great progress in your English learning. 1.and 【解析】句意：每天刻苦练习，你的英语学习就会取得巨大进步。 分析句子结构可知，本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”的固定句型，and表示顺承、递进关系，符合语境。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Hurry up, you will miss the wonderful opening ceremony of the school sports meeting. 2.or 【解析】句意：抓紧时间，否则你会错过校运动会精彩的开幕式。“祈使句 + or + 一般将来时陈述句”是固定句型，or此处意为“否则，要不然”，表转折警告。 3．（2026高二下·全国·专题练习）Don’t (discourage), for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. 3.be discouraged 【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：不要气馁，因为你永远不知道你离胜利有多近。分析句子结构可知，句子是祈使句的否定形式，空处应用动词原形，表示“灰心的，丧气的”用形容词discouraged，因此空处应用be discouraged。故填be discouraged。 4．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习） (never, give) up your dreams, no matter how difficult they seem. 4.Never give 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：永远不要放弃你的梦想，无论它们看起来多么困难。Never开头的祈使句，表示强烈的建议或命令，结构为“Never + 动词原形”。故填Never give。 5．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习） (not, be) late for the important interview tomorrow morning. 5.Don’t be 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：明天上午的面试很重要，不要迟到。祈使句的否定形式用“Don’t+动词原形”。故填Don’t be。 6．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段检测）Live in each season as it passes; (breath) the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influence of the earth. 6.breathe 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在每个季节流转时安然栖居；呼吸彼时的空气，饮下当下的饮品，品尝当季的果实，全然顺从大地的滋养与影响。本句为并列祈使句，因此设空处应填动词原形，breathe“呼吸”符合题意。故填breathe。 7．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段检测）Please (sure) that all the lights are switched off at night. 7.ensure 【解析】考查动词。句意：晚上请确保所有的灯都关掉。本句为祈使句，需用动词原形开头。所给词sure为形容词，其动词形式ensure，意为“确保”，符合句意。故填 ensure。 8．（25-26高一上·四川成都·阶段检测）Take a short break after studying, and you (improve) your focus. 8.will improve 【解析】考查时态。句意：学习后稍作休息，你的专注力会得到提高。祈使句+and+简单句，and后面的句子用一般将来时，表示将来的动作。故填will improve。 9．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段检测）More efforts you will reach the finishing line soon. 9.and 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：再努力一点，你很快就能冲过终点线了。“祈使句/名词短语 + and + 陈述句”为固定句型，空格前More efforts是名词短语，相当于省略了动词的祈使句（完整形式可理解为“Make more efforts”。故填and。 10．（25-26高三·全国·一轮复习）Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. 10.will be delivered 【解析】考查固定句型和时态语态。句意：用手指轻敲屏幕，你最喜欢的书就会在几个小时内送到你家门口。分析句子结构可知，这是一个“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的结构，陈述句通常用一般将来时，表示在前面的条件下会产生的结果。主语your favorite books与deliver之间是被动关系，即书被递送，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be delivered。 考点二 省略句 知识点1 省略介词的高频句型 下列短语经常省略介词，注意介词后接动名词作宾语，注意常省略介词增加理解难度。spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事； be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事； prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事； have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难； have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难； There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用； have fun (in) doing做……开心。 He spent two hours in fixing the broken chair. 他花了两小时修理破椅子。 They wasted a lot of money decorating the house. 他们浪费很多钱装修房子。 He is occupied designing a new app for the company. 他忙于为公司设计新应用。 She has a hard time getting up early every morning. 她每天早起很困难。 知识点2 定语从句的省略用法 1. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 Who was the girl (that/whom) he spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ I live near the river (that/which) I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 2. 当先行词the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 I don’t like the way in which/(that) he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/(that) the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 关系代词that, which, who在定语从句作主语时不能省略。 Anyone who breaks school rules will get serious punishment. 任何违反校规的人都会受到严厉处分。 The notebook which lies on the desk records my daily feelings. 放在桌上的这本笔记本记录着我日常的心情。 The teacher that speaks gently always cares about every student. 那位说话温和的老师一直关心每一位学生。 知识点3 宾语从句的省略用法 1. 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 He believes (that) hard work leads to success. 他相信努力工作会带来成功。 Everybody knows (that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 2. 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift. 她说她会来，还说会带一份礼物。 I noticed (that) the door was open and that someone had entered the room. 我注意到门是开着的，而且有人进过房间。 3. 在英语中,可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 在对话中，为避免重复前文问句、陈述句内容，可用 so（肯定）、not（否定）替代整段信息，常见搭配动词：think, believe, hope, suppose, guess, expect, be afraid 等。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗? —I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 --Is there a mistake in the report?" 报告里有错误吗？ ---I'm afraid so(= I'm afraid there is a mistake in the report). I’ll correct it immediately. 恐怕是的。我马上修改。 --Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗？ --I hope not (=I hope it will not rain tomorrow). We’ve planned a picnic. 希望不会。我们计划了野餐。 知识点4 虚拟语气的省略用法 1. 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 Were she more careful (If she were more careful), she would make fewer silly mistakes. 倘若她细心些，就不会犯这么多低级错误。 Had we known the truth earlier (= If we had known the truth earlier), we could have avoided the mistake. 如果我们早知道真相，就能避免这个错误了。 Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), the sports meeting would be canceled. 万一明天下雨，运动会就会取消。 2. 表示“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。 He suggests that we (should) take more exercise every single day. （宾语从句） 他建议我们每天都要进行足量的体育锻炼。 The manager’s order was that all staff (should) arrive before eight. （表语从句） 经理下达命令全体员工八点之前抵达岗位。 It is important that students (should) respect every hard-working teacher. （主语从句） 学生尊敬每一位辛勤付出的老师尤为重要。 知识点5 并列句的省略用法 在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分，如主语，谓语，宾语等，以使句子更加简洁明了。 He works as a doctor and his wife (works) a teacher. 他是个医生，他妻子是个老师。 My brother stayed up late and (he) managed to finish the important project. 我哥哥熬夜很晚，并且完成了一项重要的项目。 The one side of the board is painted red and the other (side of the board was painted) yellow. 这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色，另一面被粉刷成黄色。 Jim won the first prize and Peter (won) the second (prize). 吉姆赢得了一等奖，彼得赢得了二等奖。 知识点6 动词不定式to的省略 1. 感官动词see, watch, notice等和使役动词have, make等接不定式作宾补时省略to，注意被动语态中to应加上。 I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。 →He was seen to cross the road. 有人看见他过了马路。 The teacher made the students clean the classroom. 老师让学生们打扫教室。 →The students were made to clean the classroom. 学生们被要求打扫教室。 2. 在一些高频句型中常常省略不定式符号to： may as well do sth  最好还是做…… had better do         最好做某事 do nothing but do sth别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth?    何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… It’s raining. You might as well stay here. 在下雨，你最好还是待在这里。 He was so tired that he could do nothing but sleep. 他太累了，只能睡觉。 When I saw the funny movie, I couldn’t help but laugh. 我看那部搞笑电影时，忍不住笑了。 I prefer to walk to school rather than take a bus. 我宁愿步行去上学也不愿坐公交车。 3. 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 He can’t swim as fast as he used to (swim). 他游泳不如以前快了。 My parents encouraged me to apply for the job, and I decided to. 我父母鼓励我申请那份工作，我决定申请。 Being kind is more important than just pretending to be. 善良比仅仅假装善良更重要。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The problem, if (handle) properly, will be solved soon. 1.handled 【解析】句意：这个问题如果处理得当，很快就会被解决。根据if引导的状语从句省略规则，从句主语与主句主语the problem一致且含be动词，可省略主语和be动词；handle与the problem为被动关系，用过去分词。 2．（25-26高一下·江苏无锡·期中）Unless (permit) by the school authority, no students are allowed to take photos or videos in the teaching building. 2.permitted 【解析】句意：除非得到校方许可，否则任何学生不得在教学楼内拍照或录像。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词Unless 引导的条件状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为“Unless they are permitted by the school authority”，从句主语(they )与主句主语(students)一致且含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语以及be动词，省略后空处保留过去分词permitted。 3．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·阶段检测）Though (face) with countless failures, she never gave up. 3.faced 【解析】句意：尽管面对无数次失败，她从未放弃。though引导的让步状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是Though she was faced with countless failures，空处需填过去分词faced。 4．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·阶段检测）If (leave) in the sun for too long, the ice cream will melt completely. 4.left 【解析】句意：如果放在阳光下太久，冰淇淋就会完全融化。此处用了if引导条件状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，leave“把……留在某处”和被省略的主语the ice cream之间是被动关系，因此应用leave的过去分词形式。 5．（25-26高一下·天津·阶段检测）When (apply) for the scholarship, you need to submit a completed form, a personal statement, and proof of academic achievement by the deadline. 5.applying 【解析】句意：申请奖学金时，你需在截止日期前提交完整表格、个人陈述以及学业证明。此处为when引导的时间状语从句省略结构，从句主语和主句主语一致，谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be动词”，apply与主语you为主动关系，使用现在分词形式applying。 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If (choose) as the class monitor, I will try my best to help my classmates. 6.chosen 【解析】句意：如果当选班长，我会尽全力帮助同学们。此处为if引导的条件状语从句中的省略结构，省去“主语+be动词”，主语与choose为被动关系，使用过去分词chosen，完整结构为“if I am chosen”。 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not . 7.to 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意： 司机想把车停在路边，但警察要求他不要这样做。 根据句意可知，警察要求司机不要把车停在路边。ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”；be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”。 but后的完整表达应该是the driver was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside，其中的不定式作主补。为避免重复，题干中的空格处省略了动词不定式符号to后的内容。故填to。 8．（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）To my relief，the new medicine bought from Japan helped (relief) the pain of my brother’s injured leg. 8.relieve 【解析】考查动词。句意：令我欣慰的是，从日本买的新药缓解了我弟弟受伤的腿的疼痛。此处表示“缓解”应用动词relieve，且上文为短语help do sth.。故填relieve。 9．（15-16高一·全国·课后作业）—You should have thanked her before you left. —I meant _______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. 9.to 【解析】考查省略句。句意：——你本该在离开前跟她道谢的。——我本打算这么做，但当我正要离开时，我找不到她。分析句子可知，此处考查固定结构mean to do sth.，意为“打算做某事”。根据前文可知，空处所表达的内容为“I meant to thank her”，而部分内容在前文已经出现过了，为了语意的简洁，故在空处可以将重复的内容省略掉，只留下不定式to。故填to。 10．（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）He never expected to have much difficulty (find) one who shared common interests with him. 10.finding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从未想到找到一个和他有共同兴趣的人会有这么多困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定结构，表示“做某事有困难”，所以空处应用动名词形式finding，作介词in的宾语，in可省略。故填finding。 11．（21-22高一上·吉林长春·期中）We all should spend more time (stay) together with our family members. 11.staying 【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：我们都应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词；动词短语spend ... (in) doing sth意为：花费……做某事，介词in可省略，doing为动名词形式，作in的宾语。故答案为staying。 12．（21-22高二上·全国·课前预习）Come to Dollywood to have fun (learn) all about America’s historical southeastern culture! 12.learning 【解析】考查动名词作宾语和固定短语。句意：来多莱坞尽情学习美国东南部的历史文化吧！have fun (in) doing sth.为固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填learning。 13．（21-22高一上·全国·单元测试）There’s no use (protest). I won’t change my mind. 13.protesting 【解析】考查动名词。句意：抗议没有用。我不会改变主意的。固定句型There’s no use doing sth.（做某事没有用），此处用动名词（doing）形式。故填protesting。 14．（21-22高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Tim is having trouble (balance) his project and schoolwork. 14.balancing 【解析】考查动名词。句意：蒂姆很难平衡他的项目和功课。固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难），用动名词（doing ）形式。故填balancing。 15．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication, unless _____________(handle) properly, may lead to serious problems. 15.handled 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：由于缺乏社会交流而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。unless引导条件状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，即unless misunderstandings are handled properly, 从句中可以省略主语misunderstandings和be动词，需用过去分词形式。故填handled。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（祈使句和省略句） 1．（2008·湖南·高考真题）_______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about Firefighting. A．Having searched B．To search C．Searching D．Search 1.D 【解析】考查特殊句型。主句。句意：在那么城市的消防部门的网站上搜索，你就会了解很多关于防火的知识。祈使句+连词+陈述句=If条件句，本句相当于 If you search the website of the Fire Department in your city, you will learn a lot about firefighting.，祈使句中使用原形动词，故D正确。 2．（2009·江苏·高考真题）– What’s the matter with Della? – Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _________. A．hopes to B．hopes so C．hopes not D．hopes for 2.A 【解析】考查省略。句意：——Della怎么了?——嗯，她父母不允许她去参加聚会，但她还是希望去。A项是动词不定式的省略，把和前面相同的部分省略，只留下小品词to，故选A。 3．（2012·湖南·高考真题）Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you. A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．are seeing 3.C 【解析】考查固定句型中的时态。句意：关闭身后的恐惧之门，在你的面前便会开启另一扇信心之门。本句为“祈使句+and+完整的陈述句”结构，and前的祈使句相对于if引导的条件从句，and后的句子通常为一般将来时或含有情态动词。故选C。 4．（2018·北京·高考真题）In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed 4.A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。 点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。 5．（2014·北京·高考真题） __ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. A．Observe B．To observe C．Observed D．Observing 5.A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在实验室里做实验时，如果发生任何变化，必须十分小心。考查方式为识别是否适用非谓语动词。根据上下文可知，后面提供了两个从句，一个为条件状语从句、另一个为时间状语从句的省略句，由此可知，在某条件下和某时间，建议某人做某事。因此，应该选择动词原形，是祈使句。故选A。 6．（2013·上海·高考真题）________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. A．To look B．Looking C．Having looked D．Look 6.D 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：通过看图片、插图、题目和标题，你可以猜出文章的内容。根据and 可知，该句考查的是“祈使句 +and +陈述句”的句型，and前后为两个并且的句子。故选D。 7．（2014·天津·高考真题）Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. A．if B．or C．and D．while 7.C 【解析】考查连接词。.句意：给我一次机会，我将给你一个极好的惊喜。前后是顺承关系，用and表示并列。A.if 如果；B.or 否则； C.and 并且；D.while 然而。故选C。 8．（2012·重庆·高考真题）Before you quit your job, ________ how your family would feel about your decision. A．consider B．considering C．to consider D．considered 8.A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在你辞职之前，请好好考虑你家人对于你的决定的感受。分析句子结构，before引导的是时间状语从句，how引导的是宾语从句，主句缺少谓语动词，此处为祈使句，空处需填动词原形。故选A。 9．（2014·湖南·高考真题）______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made 9.A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：让你今天所做的事情变得重要，因为你在经营你生命中的一天。根据句中的连词because，可以排除前一句用非谓语动词。用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。所以本句为祈使句的肯定形式。故A正确。 10．（2014·广西·高考真题）______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. A．Calling B．Call C．To call D．Having called 10.B 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：明天给我打电话，我会告诉你实验的结果。分析句子结构可知，此句是祈使句，应用动词原形。故选B。 11．（2008·全国·高考真题）Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. A．but B．till C．and D．or 11.C 【解析】考查祈使句连接词。句意：站到那边去，你将能更好地看到这幅油画。A. but但是；B. till知道；C. and然后；D. or否则。这里是祈使句+and+陈述句，and连接了两个分句，两句间存在着一种顺承关系，其中前一分句表示一种条件或假设，相当于if条件状语从句，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。“祈使句+or+陈述句”，or表示“否则，要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。根据语境可知，此处是顺承关系，应使用and连接。故选C。 12．（2011·山东·高考真题）Find ways to praise your children often,______you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. A．till B．or C．and D．but 12.C 【解析】考查连词。句意：经常寻找途径来表扬你的孩子，那么你将发现他们会对你敞开心扉。根据“Find”是动词原形和空格后的“you’ll find”是一般将来时可知，句子的结构是“祈使句＋and(那么)/or(否则)＋将来时”，由“praise your children often”和“you’ll find they will open their hearts to you”可知，句子表示“经常寻找途径来表扬你的孩子，那么你将发现他们会对你敞开心扉”，空格处意为“那么”，是and，故选C。 13．（2010·四川·高考真题）If you have a job，______ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. A．do devote B．don't devote C．devoting D．not devoting 13.A 【解析】考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。句意：如果你有工作，一定要全力以赴，最终你会成功的。分析句子可知，本句为if 引导的条件状语从句，主句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。do是对谓语动词devote的强调。故选A项。 14．（2007·辽宁·高考真题）Help others whenever you can _______ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A．and B．or C．unless D．but 14.A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：尽你所能帮助别人，你会让世界变得更美好。A.and 并且；B.or 否则；C.but 但是；D.unless“如果不。“祈使句+and+句子”表示“做某事……,那么……”。“祈使句+or+句子”表示“做某事……,否则……”。根据“Help others”和“make the world a nicer place ”可知是并列关系。故选A。 15．（2009·湖南·高考真题）Please do me a favor— _______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A．to invite B．inviting C．invite D．invited 15.C 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：请帮我个忙——在今晚七点半邀请我的朋友史密斯去青年剧院。在祈使句中动词一般用原形，表示请求命令等含义。故选C。 16．（2010·海南·高考真题）We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with 16.B 【解析】考查省略句。句意:我们都知道，如果不被细心处理，这个情况最更加糟糕的。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且使用be动词的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。本题在if后面省略了the situation is，补全后句为We all know that, if the situation is not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse．故B正确。 17．（2015·北京·高考真题）If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon. A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted 17.D 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句为条件状语从句中省略句，还原后为if you are accepted, 因为主从句主语相同，且从句中有be动词，所以主语和are被省略。故选D。 18．（2014·湖南·高考真题）（2014·湖南）Children, when_________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A．to be accompanied B．to accompany C．accompanying D．accompanied 18.D 【解析】考查省略句。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。 本题考查状语从句省略，原句为Children, when they are accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 省略了 they are。故选D项。 19．（2013·新课标Ⅰ·高考真题）(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________． A．not to do B．not to C．not do D．do not 19.B 【解析】考查省略句。句意：司机想把车停靠在路边，但是被警察制止了。ask sb not to do sth “告诉某人不要做某事”，在这种结构中可以省略不定式中的动词，而保留不定式符合to，故选B。 20．（2010·全国·高考真题）Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprising B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised 20.C 【解析】试题分析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：教授见到我们虽然很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。be surprised to do，对做某事很惊讶，在though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句完整形式为：Though he was surprised to see us，相当于省略了he was，故C正确。 名校模拟分类精炼（祈使句和省略句） 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Let's go for a walk, we? 1.shall 【解析】句意：我们去散散步，好吗？Let’s（包含听话人在内）引导的祈使句，反意疑问句固定用shall we；Let us（不包含听话人）引导的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Let us have a rest, (will) you? 2.will 【解析】句意：请让我们休息一下，好吗？当祈使句为let us时，附加疑问句用will you。 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ? 3.will you 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：当你看完那本书后，可别忘了把它放回书架上，对吧？主句：don’t forget to put it back…是否定祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you。故填will you。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ? 4.will you 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：不要在会议室里抽烟，好吗？分析句子可知，这是否定祈使句，否定祈使句的反意疑问句固定用will you。故填will you。 5．（25-26高三上·全国·一轮复习）— The new windows need washing. — Well, let’s wash them together, ? 5.shall we 【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：—— 这些新窗户需要清洗。—— 嗯，我们一起洗吧，好吗？此处考查反义疑问句，当陈述部分是let’s do sth.时，疑问部分用shall we。故填shall we。 6．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）—Sorry, I’m not feeling well and I don’t think I can finish. —Don’t worry. Let us do it for you, ? 6.will you 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：——抱歉，我现在有点难受，我想我完成不了了。——别担心，让我们来为你做这件事，好吗？此处为反义疑问句，当陈述部分为let us do sth.时，疑问部分用will you。故填will you。 7．（23-24高一上·山东济宁·阶段检测）Don’t refer to your notes when answering questions, you? 7.will 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：回答问题时不要看笔记，好吗？此处是反意疑问句，陈述部分是祈使句的否定式，疑问部分用“will you”，故填will。 8．（25-26高一下·江苏南通·期中）Though seriously (affect) by the sudden bad news, she tried her best to calm down and finish the work on time. 8.affected 【解析】句意：尽管突如其来的坏消息让她受到严重影响，她还是尽全力平复情绪，按时完成了工作。本句主句主语是she，动词affect和she是被动关系，从句应用被动语态。 此处Though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中包含be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，因此空格需要填affect的过去分词形式affected。从句补充完整为：Though she was seriously affected by the sudden bad news。 9．（25-26高一下·江苏无锡·期中）If (give) more time, we could have worked out the problem. 9.given 【解析】句意：如果当初给我们更多的时间，我们本可以解决这个问题的。if引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是If we are given more time，省略we are，空处需填过去分词given。 10．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）While (seat) on the bench, they chatted about their childhood memories 10.seated 【解析】句意：坐在长椅上时，他们聊起了儿时的回忆。seat为及物动词，常用搭配be seated表示“就坐”，此处是状语从句省略结构，主从句主语一致，从句可省略主语和be动词，直接用过去分词seated。 11．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If not (handle) properly, this small mistake could lead to serious problems. 11.handled 【解析】句意：如果处理不当，这个小错误可能会导致严重的问题。根据“If not”可知，此处为省略结构，完整形式为If this small mistake is not handled properly；状语从句省略规则：当从句主语与主句主语一致或者是it，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，因此在这里用过去分词。 12．（25-26高二下·重庆·期中）The button on the remote control only works when (press) firmly; a light touch won’t activate it. 12.pressed 【解析】句意：遥控器上的按钮只有在被用力按下时才起作用；轻轻一碰是不会激活它的。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。when引导的时间状语从句中，主语与主句主语the button一致，且the button与press为被动关系，应用过去分词，从句完整句子为when the button is pressed，省略the button is，保留过去分词pressed。 13．（25-26高二下·江苏·期中）When (speak) by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. 13.spoken 【解析】句意：当被陌生人说起时，它们可以起到吸引你注意力的作用。when引导时间状语从句，完整的从句为when they are spoken by a stranger，当主从句主语一致，且从句含be时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句省略they are，保留过去分词spoken。 14．（19-20高一下·山东济宁·开学考试）—Will you be able to finish your project today? —I hope . 14.to 【解析】考查省略。句意：——你能够今天完成你的项目吗？——我希望如此。回答句应是“I hope to be able to finish it today.”承前省略相同的部分，这里是不定式的省略，不定式省略时要保留to。 故填to。 15．（15-16高一·全国·课后作业）—You should have thanked her before you left. —I meant _______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. 15.to 【解析】考查省略句。句意：——你本该在离开前跟她道谢的。——我本打算这么做，但当我正要离开时，我找不到她。分析句子可知，此处考查固定结构mean to do sth.，意为“打算做某事”。根据前文可知，空处所表达的内容为“I meant to thank her”，而部分内容在前文已经出现过了，为了语意的简洁，故在空处可以将重复的内容省略掉，只留下不定式to。故填to。 原创重点语法填空（祈使句和省略句） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As temperatures rise across China, a new trend is taking hold. Outdoor sports, 1 draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness, test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature. One standout in this trend, the Spartan Race, has exploded in 2 (popular) in many Chinese cities. So far, the race, along with its muddy routes, high walls, and various obstacles, 3 (gain) significant attraction online as well. Last month, the Spartan China series 4 (land) in Changchun while on October 16-17, the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held 5 the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province. Each event challenges participants to complete distances 6 (range) from 5 to 50 kilometers, with some intensely demanding obstacles depending on the race category. In practice, the race involves climbing, hanging, and carrying sandbags, 7 total return to nature from gyms. Liu Mingyi, chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center, said that the rise of outdoor running 8 (competition) is far from accidental. “In the past, people stayed indoors, lifting weights in gyms. Now, there’s a growing desire 9 (break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented. “These mud-stained events offer not just wildness, 10 a kind of close dialogue with nature.” 【答案】 1．which 2．popularity 3．has gained 4．landed 5．for 6．ranging 7．a 8．competitions 9．to break 10．but 【导语】介绍了随着中国各地气温升高，户外运动成为新趋势，以斯巴达勇士赛为例，阐述了其在中国多个城市的火爆情况，包括比赛的特点、赛程设置等，还引用专家观点说明户外跑步比赛兴起的原因，即人们渴望摆脱室内环境，与大自然亲密接触。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：户外运动吸引着市民走出健身房，走进荒野，挑战人们的身体极限，并让他们重新与大自然建立联系。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Outdoor sports，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。 2．考查名词。句意：这一趋势中的佼佼者——斯巴达勇士赛，在中国许多城市迅速流行起来。根据空前的in可知，此处应填名词，popular的名词形式为popularity，in popularity意为“在流行方面”。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这项比赛以及它泥泞的赛道、高墙和各种各样的障碍物，在网上也获得了极大的吸引力。So far短语常与现在完成时连用；along with...是介词短语，真正主语是the race，单数意义。 4．考查动词时态。句意：上个月，斯巴达勇士赛中国系列赛在长春举行，而10月16 - 17日，斯巴达儿童世界锦标赛将第二次在河北省的云顶雪场举行。根据时间状语“Last month”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，land的过去式为landed。 5．考查固定短语。句意：上个月，斯巴达勇士赛中国系列赛在长春举行，而10月16 - 17日，斯巴达儿童世界锦标赛将第二次在河北省的云顶雪场举行。for the second time为固定短语，意为“第二次”，所以此处填for。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：每场赛事都挑战参与者完成5到50公里不等的距离，根据比赛类别，还会设置一些极具挑战性的障碍物。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词challenges，此处应用非谓语动词，distances与range之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词ranging作后置定语，修饰distances，表示“范围在5到50公里的距离”。 7．考查冠词。句意：实际上，这项比赛包括攀爬、悬挂和搬运沙袋，完全是从健身房回归自然。此处表示“一次完全回归自然”，是泛指，且total是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。 8．考查名词复数。句意：中国青少年体育与健康教育中心首席专家刘明义表示，户外跑步比赛的兴起绝非偶然。competition为可数名词，根据语境，此处指多种户外跑步比赛，应用复数形式competitions。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“过去，人们待在室内，在健身房举重。现在，人们越来越渴望摆脱混凝土建筑。”刘评论道。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰desire，表示“摆脱混凝土建筑的渴望”。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：“这些沾满泥巴的活动不仅带来了野性，还提供了一种与自然的亲密对话。”not just...but (also)...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，所以此处填but。 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $