专题12 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型四大核心考点，依据考情分析构建“命题透视-知识框架-考点拆解-真题应用”的系统架构。通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练三环节，帮助学生突破句型结构及翻译应用难点，实现复习的针对性与系统性。 讲义以“考向为靶”设计分层练习，如祈使句“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句型归纳、There be十大经典句型总结，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。通过真题溯源感知命题趋势，配合即时反馈机制，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题12 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 祈使句 知识解构 知识点1 祈使句形式 知识点2 祈使句2个经典句型 考向破译 考向 1 祈使句基本用法 考向 2 祈使句在句子翻译中运用 考点二 感叹句 知识解构 知识点1 感叹句2种基本形式 知识点2 其它形式的感叹句 考向破译 考向 1 感叹句基本用法 考向 2 感叹句在句子翻译中运用 考点三 疑问句 知识解构 知识点1 一般疑问句 知识点2 特殊疑问 知识点3 选择疑问句 知识点4 反义疑问句 考向破译 考向 句子翻译中运用 考点四 There be 句型 知识解构 知识点1 thee be基本形式及变化形式 知识点2 thee be经典句型 知识点2 thee be句型中的非谓语形式 考向破译 考向 句子翻译中运用 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）祈使句：常考 “祈使句＋and/r＋简单句” 以及 “名词词组 (多含有 mre，anther)＋and＋简单句” 的结构。 （2）感叹句：重点是 what 引导的感叹句，如 “What + a/an + (adj.) + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！” 和 what 引导的感叹句，如 “Hw + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语！” 等结构； （3）there be 句型：涉及 there be 的不同时态常考句型； 语法填空题 句子翻译题 2023上海秋考73.你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware) ____________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案：Have you been aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules? 解析：本题考查疑问句翻译。 2023上海春考74.对喜剧演员来说，没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be) ____________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案： For a comedian, there is nothing more satisfying/ gratifying/ rewarding/fulfilling than hearing the bursts of laughter of the audience during his performance/ show. 解析：本题考查there be句型翻译。 2022上海秋考74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流方能见效。(make a difference) ____________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Do not highly demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, because it is the persistence that makes a difference. 【解析】：本题考查祈使句翻译。 2022上海春考74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流方能见效。(make a difference) ___________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Do not highly demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, because it is the persistence that makes a difference. 【解析】：本题考查祈使句翻译。 2021上海春考71.羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(how come) 【参考答案】The badminton court/hall/gym/stadium is empty, but /and how come the light(s) is/are still on? 【解析】：本题考查疑问句翻译。 考情分析： 从近年上海高考英语来看，特殊句式在翻译题中频繁出现。如 2022 年春考考查了 “it has been + 时间段 + since…” 句型和强调句型；2022 年秋考考查了祈使句；2021 年秋考和春考分别考查了祈使句和其他特殊句式。2019 年春考考查了强调句型，2019 年秋考考查了 Hw 引导的感叹句。这些题目要求考生能够熟练运用特殊句式，将中文准确地翻译成英语，注重考查学生对特殊句式的实际运用能力。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握各种特殊句式的结构和用法， 2. 在翻译和写作中，能够正确运用特殊句式，使句子表达更加准确、生动、符合英语表达习惯，从而提高答题的准确性和得分率，提升英语综合运用能力。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 祈使句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 祈使句的否定式和强调式 1. 肯定祈使句：动词原形放句首，省略主语 you 例：Seize every chance to improve yourself. 抓住每一个提升自我的机会。 2. 否定祈使句 ① Don’t + 动词原形（通用）：Don’t waste time on meaningless games. ② Never + 动词原形（语气更强，绝不）：Never give up when facing difficulties. ③ No + 动名词（标识标语专用）：No parking. 禁止停车。 3. 带主语祈使句：强调对象时补出主语，主语放句首 例：Everyone hand in your homework before class. 所有人课前交作业。 注意　 以let开头的祈使句的否定形式通常是在let's或let us/me后加not。 ☞Let's not waste our time arguing about it！咱们别浪费时间争论此事了！ 4. 祈使句的强调式：是在整个结构之前加do。 ☞Do give my regards to your parents！务必/一定代我向你父母问好！ 知识点2 祈使句表假设的2个经典句型 ①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句 ②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句 1. 祈使句 + and + 一般将来时 = 如果…… 就……（顺承） Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。 2. 祈使句 + or/otherwise + 一般将来时 = 否则……（转折警告） Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查祈使句及变化形式 1．Practice hard every day, you will make great progress in your English learning. (用适当的词填空) 2． (take) aim at what you want to be, and consistently work hard to get closer to your goal. 3．Open a bottle, you will spot a few peanuts, some crunchy salty beans and shiny oil mixed in. 4．Don’t give up; just (carry on) with your plan. 5． eating too much junk food, or you will have chronic diseases sooner or later. (avoid) 6． (set) your hairdryer at s high temperature and your hair will gradually lose its shiny beauty. 7．Don’t be discouraged. (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. 8． （have）a second thought about your decision, and you can make a wiser choice. 9． (find) some leisure time to take a boat trip, and you will be attracted by the beautiful scenery along the Li River. 10． (read) the text and find out what embarrassed the author when she was in Mexico. 考点二 感叹句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 感叹句基本形式 表示强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫感叹句，通常由what或how引导。 1．what引导的感叹句 (1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ ☞What a clever boy he is！多么聪明的男孩啊！ ☞What terrible noise they are making！他们弄出多难听的声音啊！ ☞What wonderful ideas you have！你们的想法真不错！ 2．how引导的感叹句 (1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ (2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！ (3)How＋主语＋谓语！ ☞How difficult a problem it is！它可真是个难题！ ☞How clever the boy is！多么聪明的男孩啊！ What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 知识点2 其他形式的感叹句 (1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How＋主语＋谓语！ ☞How (much) we love our motherland！我们多么热爱自己的祖国啊！ (2)常见的其他形式 ☞How can you be so silly！你怎么这么傻！ ☞The designs and the colours！多美的图案和色彩！ ☞To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire！竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁！ ☞Could one have believed it！谁能相信这个！ ☞If only I'd known！我早知道就好了！ 考●向●破●译 考向 考查感叹句在句子翻译中运用 1．我多么希望我昨天没有错过那场精彩的讲座！(wish) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 2．这座跨海大桥在落日映衬下多么壮丽啊! (against) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 3．边喝咖啡边欣赏上海夜景多惬意呀!(How) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 4．但愿在百花齐放的时候，你不是最孱弱的一朵！ (How) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 5．这个印象派作品的展览到下周末就结束了，太令人遗憾了。(pity) ___________________________________________________________________ 6．秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！(it) (汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 7．和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（How）(汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 8．艺术节开幕式上学生的演出真是太棒了！（performance） ___________________________________________________________________ 9．她心脏手术后一个月就彻底康复了，这真是个奇迹！(What)（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 10．我们曾经一起度过了多么美好的时光啊! (what) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 考点三 疑问句 知●识●解●构 知识点2 一般疑问句 结构：Be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 + 其他 例：Does he volunteer every weekend? 回答规则：只能用 Yes/No，主语用人称代词替代名词。 知识点2 特殊疑问句 结构：Wh 疑问词 + 一般疑问语序 疑问词分类： · 事物 what；人 who/whom；所属 whose；地点 where；时间 when；原因 why；方式 how 拓展短语：how many（可数）/how much（不可数 / 价格）/how long/how soon/how often ⚠ 陷阱：对主语提问，语序不变：Who is in the classroom? 知识点3 选择疑问句 结构：一般疑问 + A or B / 特殊疑问 + A or B 回答规则：禁止 Yes/No，直接回答选项 例：Do you prefer reading or running? I prefer reading. 知识点3 反义疑问句（高考核心难点） 规则 1：前肯后否，前否后肯 句中含否定含义词：never, seldom, little, few, nowhere, nobody，整句视为否定，后面用肯定疑问 He seldom goes out, does he? 规则 2 否定转移 I/We think/believe/suppose… 主句主语为第一人称，否定转移至从句，反义疑问看从句； 主语二三单，反义疑问看主句 I don’t think he will agree, will he? She thinks you are right, doesn’t she? 规则 3 must 表推测分时态 1. must do（对现在推测）→ 看原句实义动词加助动词 He must live nearby, doesn’t he? 2. must have done（过去推测，无过去时间）→ haven’t/hasn’t They must have finished the task, haven’t they? 3. must have done + 过去时间（yesterday/last week）→ didn’t He must left yesterday, didn’t he? 考●向●破●译 考向 考查句子翻译中各种疑问句 1．这部老少咸宜的国产动画片有可能问鼎全球电影票房冠军吗?(it) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 2．这幅油画传达了何种情感和主题?（convey）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 3．咱们班长总是恪守原则，为我们树立了良好的榜样，不是吗？(stick) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4．难道我们不应该呼吁媒体，不要推崇狭隘的审美标准吗?(appeal) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 5．你能看出这两份书法作品的细微差别吗? (spot) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 6．我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？（withdraw）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 7．你上次忘记重要的事，是什么时候了？(slip) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 8．在数字时代，我们如何让学生对古典文学感兴趣？（appeal）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 9．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 10．成长与舒适不能共存，难道不是吗? (coexist) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 考点四 There be…句型 知●识●解●构 知识点1 There be…句型的时态、主谓一致及变化形式 1. There be 句型的时态主要通过be动词的变化来体现，时态比较灵活。 There are soft tears shining in her tired but hopeful eyes. 她疲惫却满怀希望的眼中闪着晶莹泪光。 There was a small gift box hidden behind the old garden bench. 老旧花园长椅后藏着一只小巧的礼品盒。 There have been countless warm moments along our tough journey. 漫漫坎坷路途间，留存无数温暖瞬间。 2. be动词要和后面所跟名词保持人称和数的一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。 There is a knife and two pens in his pocket. 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and a knife in his pocket. 他的口袋里有两支钢笔和一把小刀。 3. There be结构中的be可用表示“存在”概念的动词替代，使句子表达更生动、更形象，这些动词有come, exist, follow, lie, live, remain, stand等。 In the center of the square, there stands a statue of the hero. 广场中央立着一座英雄雕像。 There exist sincere friendships that can last through all hard times. 世间存有能熬过所有困境的真挚友谊。 知识点2 含There be…十大句型 1.There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。 There is no point in arguing with him—he never listens. 和他争论没意义，他从不听。 2.There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。 There is no sense in crying over spilled milk—just fix the problem. 为打翻的牛奶哭泣没有意义--解决问题就好。 3. There is no need for sb. to do sth...某人没有必要做某事。 There was no need for him to hide his sadness from his elder brother. 他不必向哥哥掩饰内心的难过。 4. There is no possibility that … 没有可能……, that引导同位语从句。 There is no possibility that we will finish the project ahead of schedule. 我们不可能提前完成这个项目。 5. There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，that引导同位语从句。 There was no doubt that the kind driver helped us out of trouble. 毫无疑问好心司机帮我们摆脱了当下困境。 6. There is no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事没有困难。 There was no trouble (in) talking calmly with my quarreling brother. 我轻松地和吵架的弟弟平和沟通。 7.There is no harm in doing…不妨做……。 There is no harm in drinking a glass of water before each meal. 每餐前喝一杯水不妨一试。 8. There is no denying that…不容否认的是……，that引导同位语从句。 There was no denying that his sincere apology repaired our broken bond. 不容否认，他真诚的道歉修复了我们破碎的关系。 9. There is no way that...不可能……，that引导同位语从句。 There is no way that he is telling the truth—his story doesn’t make sense. 他绝不可能在说真话--他的故事不合逻辑。 10.There is a chance that….有可能，that引导同位语从句。 There was a chance that my poor health would affect my studies. 糟糕的身体状况有可能影响我的学业。 知识点3 There be句型与非谓语 There is a notice reminding us of the coming contest. 有一则通知提醒我们即将到来的比赛。 There are some suggestions listed on the activity paper. 活动单上列出了几条建议。 There was a long way to walk before reaching the cottage. 还要走很长一段路才能到达小屋。 There was something to change in my daily schedule.（主动，我要调整作息） 我的日常作息有些地方需要我做出调整。 There was nothing to be found along the dark path.（被动，沿路找不到任何东西） 漆黑的小路上找不到任何有用物资。 We expect there to be a charity sale held next Wednesday. 我们期待下周三举办一场慈善义卖。 We prefer there to be more handwritten letters in our daily life. 我们希望生活中能多一些手写书信。 We appreciate there being enough time for warm communication. 我们很庆幸拥有充足时间暖心交流。 There being thick fog all around, we lost our way quickly. 四周大雾弥漫，我们很快迷失了方向。 There being no shelter in sight, I stayed in my freezing car anxiously. 视野之内没有避难处，我焦急地待在冰冷车里。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查there be句型及变化形式 1．There (exist) many effective ways to enrich our after-school spare time. 2．There (go) the final bell — our discussion about the youth dilemma begins right now. 3． happened to be no one in the building when the fire broke out. 4．There (be) no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. 5．There (be) a number of things people usually do before the Chinese Spring Festival. 6．There (be) many flowers on sale in the market, but the variety of what he prefers is limited. 7．According to the old story, lived a man in the mountain, who was then a master of this special musical instrument. 8． existed some doubt among the students as to whether an English teacher should organize teaching totally in English. 9．What a pity, my new computer doesn’t work. must be something wrong with it. 10．There is no doubt it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. 11．We never dreamed of living an old couple in the old temple. 12．There (be) no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying. 13．The teacher was waiting for there (be) complete silence. 14．In the last 500 million years, there (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 历年真题回顾 2023上海秋考 73.你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware) ____________________________________________________________________________ 2023上海春考 74.对喜剧演员来说，没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2022上海秋考 74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流方能见效。(make a difference) __________________________________________________________________ 2022上海春考 75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It) 2021上海春考 (26)_______(divide)the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer,you rock together, you roll together ! 2019上海秋考 Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs. 2019上海春考 As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 2018上海秋考 It won't be until we follow them over time (22)________we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot 2019上海秋考 73.和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。(How) 2021上海春考 71.羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(how come) 2019上海春考 71. 究竟是什么激发了小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate) 题组二 句子翻译 1．秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！(it) (汉译英） 2．不要劝他为明天的面试做准备了，因为问题是随机选择的。(persuade) (汉译英) 3．请记住，保持平衡的生活状态是避免紧张的最好方式。(bear) (汉译英) 4．冷静，别让焦虑影响你的表现。（or）（汉译英） 5．顺便问一下，你是否考虑去听后天的讲座? （consider）（汉译英） 6．你今天下午方便抽空来跟我见个面吗？（convenient）（汉译英） 7．我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be)(汉译英) 8．他是个出尔反尔的人，你难道没看出来吗？(whose) (汉译英) 9．对于户外活动的爱好者们来说，有从骑行到观鸟的各种活动。(range) (汉译英) 10．电影里出现了许多主人公穿越沙漠的场景，象征着一种自我发现和成长的过程。(there) (汉译英) 11. 这个方案还有争议，我们还是再深入讨论一下吧。（controversial）(汉译英) 12. 宿舍里空无一人却门户大开，要是进贼了可怎么办? (what if)(汉译英) 13. 这部春节档电影明星云集，情节曲折，制作精良，实现了票房与口碑的双丰收。(release) （汉译英） 14. 对于语言学习者来说，没有比能驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇更有成就感的事了。(there be) (汉译英) 15．边喝咖啡边欣赏上海夜景多惬意呀!(How) (汉译英) 16．与学生时代的他相比，那位教授简直判若两人。(how)（汉译英） 17．她心脏手术后一个月就彻底康复了，这真是个奇迹！(What)（汉译英） 18．这个印象派作品的展览到下周末就结束了，太令人遗憾了。(pity) 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 祈使句 知识解构 知识点1 祈使句形式 知识点2 祈使句2个经典句型 考向破译 考向 1 祈使句基本用法 考向 2 祈使句在句子翻译中运用 考点二 感叹句 知识解构 知识点1 感叹句2种基本形式 知识点2 其它形式的感叹句 考向破译 考向 1 感叹句基本用法 考向 2 感叹句在句子翻译中运用 考点三 疑问句 知识解构 知识点1 一般疑问句 知识点2 特殊疑问 知识点3 选择疑问句 知识点4 反义疑问句 考向破译 考向 句子翻译中运用 考点四 There be 句型 知识解构 知识点1 thee be基本形式及变化形式 知识点2 thee be经典句型 知识点2 thee be句型中的非谓语形式 考向破译 考向 句子翻译中运用 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）祈使句：常考 “祈使句＋and/r＋简单句” 以及 “名词词组 (多含有 mre，anther)＋and＋简单句” 的结构。 （2）感叹句：重点是 what 引导的感叹句，如 “What + a/an + (adj.) + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！” 和 what 引导的感叹句，如 “Hw + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语！” 等结构； （3）there be 句型：涉及 there be 的不同时态常考句型； 语法填空题 句子翻译题 2023上海秋考73.你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware) ____________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案：Have you been aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules? 解析：本题考查疑问句翻译。 2023上海春考74.对喜剧演员来说，没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be) ____________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案： For a comedian, there is nothing more satisfying/ gratifying/ rewarding/fulfilling than hearing the bursts of laughter of the audience during his performance/ show. 解析：本题考查there be句型翻译。 2022上海秋考74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流方能见效。(make a difference) ____________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Do not highly demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, because it is the persistence that makes a difference. 【解析】：本题考查祈使句翻译。 2022上海春考74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流方能见效。(make a difference) ___________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Do not highly demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, because it is the persistence that makes a difference. 【解析】：本题考查祈使句翻译。 2021上海春考71.羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(how come) 【参考答案】The badminton court/hall/gym/stadium is empty, but /and how come the light(s) is/are still on? 【解析】：本题考查疑问句翻译。 考情分析： 从近年上海高考英语来看，特殊句式在翻译题中频繁出现。如 2022 年春考考查了 “it has been + 时间段 + since…” 句型和强调句型；2022 年秋考考查了祈使句；2021 年秋考和春考分别考查了祈使句和其他特殊句式。2019 年春考考查了强调句型，2019 年秋考考查了 Hw 引导的感叹句。这些题目要求考生能够熟练运用特殊句式，将中文准确地翻译成英语，注重考查学生对特殊句式的实际运用能力。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握各种特殊句式的结构和用法， 2. 在翻译和写作中，能够正确运用特殊句式，使句子表达更加准确、生动、符合英语表达习惯，从而提高答题的准确性和得分率，提升英语综合运用能力。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 祈使句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 祈使句的否定式和强调式 1. 肯定祈使句：动词原形放句首，省略主语 you 例：Seize every chance to improve yourself. 抓住每一个提升自我的机会。 2. 否定祈使句 ① Don’t + 动词原形（通用）：Don’t waste time on meaningless games. ② Never + 动词原形（语气更强，绝不）：Never give up when facing difficulties. ③ No + 动名词（标识标语专用）：No parking. 禁止停车。 3. 带主语祈使句：强调对象时补出主语，主语放句首 例：Everyone hand in your homework before class. 所有人课前交作业。 注意　 以let开头的祈使句的否定形式通常是在let's或let us/me后加not。 ☞Let's not waste our time arguing about it！咱们别浪费时间争论此事了！ 4. 祈使句的强调式：是在整个结构之前加do。 ☞Do give my regards to your parents！务必/一定代我向你父母问好！ 知识点2 祈使句表假设的2个经典句型 ①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句 ②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句 1. 祈使句 + and + 一般将来时 = 如果…… 就……（顺承） Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。 2. 祈使句 + or/otherwise + 一般将来时 = 否则……（转折警告） Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查祈使句及变化形式 一、语法填空 1．Practice hard every day, you will make great progress in your English learning. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】句意：每天刻苦练习，你的英语学习就会取得巨大进步。 分析句子结构可知，本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”的固定句型，and表示顺承、递进关系，符合语境。 2． (take) aim at what you want to be, and consistently work hard to get closer to your goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Take 【详解】句意：瞄准你想成为的样子，并持续努力工作以更接近你的目标。这是一个由and连接的并列句，前半句(take) aim at what you want to be缺少谓语，该句为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头，表示命令、建议、请求等，所以用Take。 3．Open a bottle, you will spot a few peanuts, some crunchy salty beans and shiny oil mixed in. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】句意：打开一瓶，你就会看到里面混着几颗花生、一些酥脆咸豆和清亮的油脂。此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的固定句型，表示顺承关系，所以此处是并列连词and。 4．Don’t give up; just (carry on) with your plan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】carry on 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：别放弃，继续执行你的计划。此句为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头，carry on在句中作谓语，表达一种命令或建议。故填carry on。 5． eating too much junk food, or you will have chronic diseases sooner or later. (avoid) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Avoid 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：避免吃太多垃圾食品，否则你迟早会患上慢性病。分析句子可知，这里考查祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句，为固定句型，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Avoid。 6． (set) your hairdryer at s high temperature and your hair will gradually lose its shiny beauty. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Set 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：把你的吹风机调到高温，你的头发就会逐渐失去光泽。祈使句+and/or+简单句（一般将来时），祈使句以动词原形形式开头，首字母大写。故填Set。 7．Don’t be discouraged. (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Take 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：不要气馁。顺其自然，你会享受生活中的每一天。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，空处应用动词原形形式，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Take。 8． （have）a second thought about your decision, and you can make a wiser choice. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Have 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：重新考虑一下你的决定，你可以做出更明智的选择。分析句子，并列连词and后面是一个陈述句，则由此可知and前应该是一个祈使句，该空所给动词have作为祈使句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形，构成祈使句+and+陈述句结构；且位于句首，应首字母大写。故填Have。 9． (find) some leisure time to take a boat trip, and you will be attracted by the beautiful scenery along the Li River. 【答案】Find 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：找一些空闲时间去划船，你会被漓江的美景所吸引。此处考查固定句型：祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句（and表顺承，or表转折），故填Find。 10． (read) the text and find out what embarrassed the author when she was in Mexico. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Read 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：读课文，找出作者在墨西哥的时候，什么让她尴尬。分析句子可知，and连接并列祈使句，祈使句中谓语动词用原形，故填Read。 考点二 感叹句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 感叹句基本形式 表示强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫感叹句，通常由what或how引导。 1．what引导的感叹句 (1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ ☞What a clever boy he is！多么聪明的男孩啊！ ☞What terrible noise they are making！他们弄出多难听的声音啊！ ☞What wonderful ideas you have！你们的想法真不错！ 2．how引导的感叹句 (1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ (2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！ (3)How＋主语＋谓语！ ☞How difficult a problem it is！它可真是个难题！ ☞How clever the boy is！多么聪明的男孩啊！ What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 知识点2 其他形式的感叹句 (1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How＋主语＋谓语！ ☞How (much) we love our motherland！我们多么热爱自己的祖国啊！ (2)常见的其他形式 ☞How can you be so silly！你怎么这么傻！ ☞The designs and the colours！多美的图案和色彩！ ☞To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire！竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁！ ☞Could one have believed it！谁能相信这个！ ☞If only I'd known！我早知道就好了！ 考●向●破●译 考向 考查感叹句在句子翻译中运用 1．我多么希望我昨天没有错过那场精彩的讲座！(wish) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How I wish I hadn’t missed the wonderful lecture yesterday! 【详解】根据句意，该句表达对过去事情的遗憾，要用wish后接宾语从句的虚拟语气，主句用一般现在时，从句表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时；表示“多么希望”用how I wish构成感叹句式，位于句首首字母需大写；宾语从句主语为I；表示“错过”为miss，对过去虚拟需用hadn’t missed；表示“那场精彩的讲座”为the wonderful lecture作宾语；表示“昨天”为yesterday作时间状语。 2．这座跨海大桥在落日映衬下多么壮丽啊! (against) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How magnificent this cross-sea bridge is against the setting sun! 【详解】考查感叹句、介词短语和时态。“……多么壮丽啊!”是一个感叹句，可译为“How magnificent+主语+谓语!”；主语“这座跨海大桥”用名词短语this cross-sea bridge；句子陈述事实，用一般现在时态，主语为单数，谓语动词用is；状语“在落日映衬下”用介词短语against the setting sun。综上，全句译为：How magnificent this cross-sea bridge is against the setting sun! 3．边喝咖啡边欣赏上海夜景多惬意呀!(How) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How pleasant /pleased it is to enjoy/appreciate the night view of Shanghai while drinking coffee. 【详解】考查感叹句和固定句型。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“多么”应用how；表示“惬意”应用pleasant；表示“欣赏”应用enjoy/appreciate；it is +adj.+to do...为固定句型，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语，enjoy/appreciate位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“上海夜景”应用the night view of Shanghai，主句为感叹句，修饰的中心词为形容词，需用How+adj+主语+谓语！这个句型；表示“当……时候”应用while；表示“喝咖啡”应用drink coffee，此处使用现在分词形式作状语。故翻译成：How pleasant  it is to enjoy/appreciate the night view of Shanghai while drinking coffee. 4．但愿在百花齐放的时候，你不是最孱弱的一朵！ (How) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How I wish you would not be the weakest one when all flowers were in full bloom! 【详解】考查how引导的感叹句、宾语从句和时间状语从句。表示“愿你不是最孱弱的一朵”应用宾语从句I wish you would not be the weakest one表示，wish后接的是省略that的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，表示对将来的虚拟，谓语动词应用would(could,might) do的形式；表示“在百花齐放的时候”应用时间状语从句when all flowers were in full bloom表示。本句还涉及how引导的感叹句型“How+主语+谓语!”。故翻译为How I wish you would not be the weakest one when all flowers were in full bloom! 5．这个印象派作品的展览到下周末就结束了，太令人遗憾了。(pity) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What a pity it is that the exhibition of impressionist paintings will be over next weekend! 【详解】考查固定短语。固定短语what a pity“真遗憾；很可惜”；固定短语impressionist paintings“印象派作品”，根据句意可知主句为一般现在时，从句为一般将来时。故填What a pity it is that the exhibition of impressionist paintings will be over next weekend!。 6．秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！(it) (汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How fascinating / What a fascinating thing it is to go hiking in the country park in (the) clear and fresh autumn (weather)! 【详解】考查短语、时态、代词和感叹句。 go hiking去远足；in the park 在公园。句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。感叹句的结构为：What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! 或者How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为How fascinating / What a fascinating thing it is to go hiking in the country park in (the) clear and fresh autumn (weather)! 7．和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（How）(汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How different the soldier is from what he was in his school days！ 【详解】考查感叹句、时态和名词性从句。“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”为感叹句型，from后的宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，用一般现在时。故翻译为How different the soldier is from what he was in his school days！ 8．艺术节开幕式上学生的演出真是太棒了！（performance） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How wonderful/terrific the students’ performance at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival was! // What wonderful/terrific performance the students put on/presented/gave at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival! 【详解】考查感叹句。根据句意可知本句使用感叹句，其基本形式有两种，即“what+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语/what +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”或“how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。“艺术节开幕式”表达为opening ceremony of the Art Festival；“很棒的，精彩的”表达为wonderful/terrific，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：How wonderful/terrific the students’ performance at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival was!// What wonderful/terrific performance the students put on/presented/gave at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival! 9．她心脏手术后一个月就彻底康复了，这真是个奇迹！(What)（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What a miracle it is/was that she completely/fully recovered/(she was fully recovered) one month after the operation on her heart/after her heart operation/after she had an operation on her heart! 【详解】考查动词，名词，固定搭配和感叹句。根据句意可知，“她心脏手术后一个月就彻底康复了”应用一般过去时；“这真是个奇迹”可用一般现在或一般过去时。用what引导感叹句表示“真是个奇迹”句子为What a miracle it is/was；表示“她彻底康复”句子为she completely/fully recovered，或she was fully recovered；表示“心脏手术之后一个月”短语为one month after the opeartion on her heart，one month after her heart operation或one month after she had an operation on her heart。故翻译为What a miracle it is/was that she completely/fully recovered/(she was fully recovered) one month after the operation on her heart/after her heart operation/after she had an operation on her heart! 10．我们曾经一起度过了多么美好的时光啊! (what) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What a wonderful time we ever had together! 【详解】考查感叹句，时态和从句。根据句意和提示可知，用what引导的感叹句，“多么美好的时光”译为what a wonderful time，“我们曾经一起度过”作定语修饰time，省略关系词，have（a wonderful time）表示“度过美好时光”，时态用一般过去时，主语we，“一起”together，故译为What a wonderful time we ever had together! 考点三 疑问句 知●识●解●构 知识点2 一般疑问句 结构：Be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 + 其他 例：Does he volunteer every weekend? 回答规则：只能用 Yes/No，主语用人称代词替代名词。 知识点2 特殊疑问句 结构：Wh 疑问词 + 一般疑问语序 疑问词分类： · 事物 what；人 who/whom；所属 whose；地点 where；时间 when；原因 why；方式 how 拓展短语：how many（可数）/how much（不可数 / 价格）/how long/how soon/how often ⚠ 陷阱：对主语提问，语序不变：Who is in the classroom? 知识点3 选择疑问句 结构：一般疑问 + A or B / 特殊疑问 + A or B 回答规则：禁止 Yes/No，直接回答选项 例：Do you prefer reading or running? I prefer reading. 知识点3 反义疑问句（高考核心难点） 规则 1：前肯后否，前否后肯 句中含否定含义词：never, seldom, little, few, nowhere, nobody，整句视为否定，后面用肯定疑问 He seldom goes out, does he? 规则 2 否定转移 I/We think/believe/suppose… 主句主语为第一人称，否定转移至从句，反义疑问看从句； 主语二三单，反义疑问看主句 I don’t think he will agree, will he? She thinks you are right, doesn’t she? 规则 3 must 表推测分时态 1. must do（对现在推测）→ 看原句实义动词加助动词 He must live nearby, doesn’t he? 2. must have done（过去推测，无过去时间）→ haven’t/hasn’t They must have finished the task, haven’t they? 3. must have done + 过去时间（yesterday/last week）→ didn’t He must left yesterday, didn’t he? 考●向●破●译 考向 考查句子翻译中各种疑问句 1．这部老少咸宜的国产动画片有可能问鼎全球电影票房冠军吗?(it) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Is it possible for this family-friendly Chinese animated film to become the global box office champion? 【详解】表达“某事有可能……”，常用句型It is possible for sb./sth. to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to do sth.，此处为一般疑问句，将助动词Is置于句首；“老少咸宜的”译为family-friendly，“国产的”译为Chinese，“动画片”译为animated film，整体为this family-friendly Chinese animated film；“问鼎冠军”译为become the champion，“全球电影票房”译为the global box office，不定式为to become the global box office champion。 2．这幅油画传达了何种情感和主题?（convey）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What emotions and themes does this oil painting convey? 【详解】本句是对客观问题的提问，用一般现在时，属于特殊疑问句，“何种”表达为what，句首单词首字母需大写，主语“这幅油画”表达为this oil painting，是第三人称单数，因此需要借助助动词does构成疑问语序，且谓语convey“传达”用动词原形，“情感和主题”表达为emotions and themes，作宾语，在疑问句中用what修饰。 3．咱们班长总是恪守原则，为我们树立了良好的榜样，不是吗？(stick) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Our monitor always sticks to the principles and sets a good example for us, doesn’t he/she? 【详解】表示“咱们班长”用Our monitor，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。 表示“恪守原则”用stick to the principles，表示“总是”用always，作状语，句子用一般现在时，主语Our monitor是第三人称单数，谓语动词变为sticks。 表示“为我们树立好榜样”用sets a good example for us，and连接并列谓语，谓语同样用三单形式 sets。 主句为肯定句，主语Our monitor指代人，反义疑问部分用否定doesn’t he/she。 4．难道我们不应该呼吁媒体，不要推崇狭隘的审美标准吗?(appeal) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Shouldn’t we appeal to the media not to advocate narrow aesthetic standards? 【详解】“呼吁某人（不）做某事”用短语appeal to sb. (not) to do sth.，“推崇”用advocate；“狭隘的审美标准”译为narrow aesthetic standards，“媒体”译为the media。原句是反问句，将shouldn’t置于句首来表达表示“难道不应该”。 5．你能看出这两份书法作品的细微差别吗? (spot) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Can you spot the subtle differences between these two pieces of calligraphy works? 【详解】考查情态动词、一般疑问句、形容词。表示“你”用you，作主语；表示“能”用情态动词can，本句为一般疑问句，将情态动词can放在主语you之前，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“看出”用spot，与情态动词搭配，用动词原形；表示“这两份书法作品的细微差别”用the subtle differences between these two pieces of calligraphy works，作宾语，其中形容词subtle“细微的”作前置定语，修饰名词differences。故翻译为Can you spot the subtle differences between these two pieces of calligraphy works? 6．我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？（withdraw）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake, and is it possible to withdraw it? 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和一般疑问句。根据句意，前半句描述刚发生的动作并对现在有所影响，用现在完成时；后半句询问可能性，用一般现在时的一般疑问句。表示“我”为I作前半句主语，位于句首首字母大写；表示“刚才”为just作时间状语，置于助动词后、过去分词前；表示“一不小心”为by accident/mistake作状语；表示“点了“提交申请””为have just clicked (on) “Submit Application”，“点击”用click (on)，现在完成时中助动词用have，后接过去分词clicked；前半句整体译为I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake；后半句表示“还有可能撤回吗？”，用“is it possible to do sth?”结构，根据提示词，“撤回”为withdraw，“它”（指代“申请”）为it作withdraw的宾语，故后半句译为is it possible to withdraw it?，其后两句之间为并列关系，用and连接两个分句。故翻译为I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake, and is it possible to withdraw it? 7．你上次忘记重要的事，是什么时候了？(slip) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When was the last time something important slipped your mind? 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；表示“上次……是什么时候？”用When was the last time…?”，“你上次忘记重要的事”是修饰先行词the last time的定语从句，当先行词是the first/second...last time且关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系词that，that通常省略；从句主语为something important，“忘记、记不起”为slip one’s mind，本句为特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词用when，故翻译为When was the last time something important slipped your mind? 8．在数字时代，我们如何让学生对古典文学感兴趣？（appeal）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the digital age, how can we make classical literature appeal to students? 【详解】考查特殊疑问句和固定短语。状语“在数字时态”表达为in the digital age，“如何”用how表达，为特殊疑问词，主语是we“我们”，“让……做某事”表达为make sth. do sth.，宾语“古典文学”表达为classical literature，“吸引……”表达为appeal to，appeal用原形，宾语“学生”表达为students，复数形式表泛指。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为In the digital age, how can we make classical literature appeal to students? 9．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 【详解】考查祈使句及反意疑问句。“leave sb +形容词/副词/介词短语”表示“使某人处于……状态” ；“孩子们”是the children；“没人看管”可表达为alone，unattended或unaccompanied；“在游泳池边”为near the swimming pool作状语，此句为祈使句的否定形式，反义疑问句部分用will you。故译为Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 10．成长与舒适不能共存，难道不是吗? (coexist) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Growth and comfort can’t coexist, can they? 【详解】考查动词、名词和反义疑问句。表示“成长”用名词growth，表示“舒适”用名词comfort，二者为并列关系，用连词and连接，growth and comfort为主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“不能”用情态动词的否定形式can’t；表示“共存”用coexist，位于can’t后，动词用原形。陈述部分是否定的，反问部分将陈述句的否定形式改成肯定形式，陈述部分用can’t，疑问部分用can，主语用they“它们”，代替Growth and comfort。故翻译为Growth and comfort cannot coexist, can they? 考点四 There be…句型 知●识●解●构 知识点1 There be…句型的时态、主谓一致及变化形式 1. There be 句型的时态主要通过be动词的变化来体现，时态比较灵活。 There are soft tears shining in her tired but hopeful eyes. 她疲惫却满怀希望的眼中闪着晶莹泪光。 There was a small gift box hidden behind the old garden bench. 老旧花园长椅后藏着一只小巧的礼品盒。 There have been countless warm moments along our tough journey. 漫漫坎坷路途间，留存无数温暖瞬间。 2. be动词要和后面所跟名词保持人称和数的一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。 There is a knife and two pens in his pocket. 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and a knife in his pocket. 他的口袋里有两支钢笔和一把小刀。 3. There be结构中的be可用表示“存在”概念的动词替代，使句子表达更生动、更形象，这些动词有come, exist, follow, lie, live, remain, stand等。 In the center of the square, there stands a statue of the hero. 广场中央立着一座英雄雕像。 There exist sincere friendships that can last through all hard times. 世间存有能熬过所有困境的真挚友谊。 知识点2 含There be…十大句型 1.There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。 There is no point in arguing with him—he never listens. 和他争论没意义，他从不听。 2.There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。 There is no sense in crying over spilled milk—just fix the problem. 为打翻的牛奶哭泣没有意义--解决问题就好。 3. There is no need for sb. to do sth...某人没有必要做某事。 There was no need for him to hide his sadness from his elder brother. 他不必向哥哥掩饰内心的难过。 4. There is no possibility that … 没有可能……, that引导同位语从句。 There is no possibility that we will finish the project ahead of schedule. 我们不可能提前完成这个项目。 5. There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，that引导同位语从句。 There was no doubt that the kind driver helped us out of trouble. 毫无疑问好心司机帮我们摆脱了当下困境。 6. There is no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事没有困难。 There was no trouble (in) talking calmly with my quarreling brother. 我轻松地和吵架的弟弟平和沟通。 7.There is no harm in doing…不妨做……。 There is no harm in drinking a glass of water before each meal. 每餐前喝一杯水不妨一试。 8. There is no denying that…不容否认的是……，that引导同位语从句。 There was no denying that his sincere apology repaired our broken bond. 不容否认，他真诚的道歉修复了我们破碎的关系。 9. There is no way that...不可能……，that引导同位语从句。 There is no way that he is telling the truth—his story doesn’t make sense. 他绝不可能在说真话--他的故事不合逻辑。 10.There is a chance that….有可能，that引导同位语从句。 There was a chance that my poor health would affect my studies. 糟糕的身体状况有可能影响我的学业。 知识点3 There be句型与非谓语 There is a notice reminding us of the coming contest. 有一则通知提醒我们即将到来的比赛。 There are some suggestions listed on the activity paper. 活动单上列出了几条建议。 There was a long way to walk before reaching the cottage. 还要走很长一段路才能到达小屋。 There was something to change in my daily schedule.（主动，我要调整作息） 我的日常作息有些地方需要我做出调整。 There was nothing to be found along the dark path.（被动，沿路找不到任何东西） 漆黑的小路上找不到任何有用物资。 We expect there to be a charity sale held next Wednesday. 我们期待下周三举办一场慈善义卖。 We prefer there to be more handwritten letters in our daily life. 我们希望生活中能多一些手写书信。 We appreciate there being enough time for warm communication. 我们很庆幸拥有充足时间暖心交流。 There being thick fog all around, we lost our way quickly. 四周大雾弥漫，我们很快迷失了方向。 There being no shelter in sight, I stayed in my freezing car anxiously. 视野之内没有避难处，我焦急地待在冰冷车里。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查there be句型及变化形式 1．There (exist) many effective ways to enrich our after-school spare time. 1. exist 【解析】句意：存在许多有效方式可以丰富我们的课余生活。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，复数名词ways作主语，故用复数谓语。 2．There (go) the final bell — our discussion about the youth dilemma begins right now. 2. goes 【解析】句意：上课铃声已经响起——关于青少年问题的讨论现在就开始了。本句用一般现在时表示正在发生的事情，主语the final bell是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，句子是全部倒装句。 3． happened to be no one in the building when the fire broke out. 3. There 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：当火灾发生时，碰巧没有人在那栋大楼里。there be表示“有……”，有时be动词前边可以加上must, should, ought to, used to , seem to, happen to…等结构。There happened to be…表示“某地碰巧有……”，句首单词首字母大写。故填There。 4．There (be) no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. 4. is 【解析】考查there存在句式。句意：今天不必做决定, 我们可以在明天的会上做。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“There is no need to do sth.”，意为“没有必要做某事”，根据“today”以及语境可知描述的是当前情况‌（今天不需要做决定），用一般现在时，be动词用is。故填 is。 5．There (be) a number of things people usually do before the Chinese Spring Festival. 5. are 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在中国春节前，人们通常会做很多事情。本句是there be句型，be动词的形式取决于其后的名词。a number of things（许多事情），中心词是复数名词things，所以be动词要用复数形式。句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时，故填are。 6．There (be) many flowers on sale in the market, but the variety of what he prefers is limited. 6. are 【解析】考查there be句型。句意：市场上有很多花在出售，但他喜欢的品种有限。分析句子结构可知，此处为there be句型，be动词的单复数形式应与后面的主语保持一致，本句中主语是“many flowers”，为复数形式，且根据后半句的谓语动词“is limited”可知，句子描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，因此，be动词应用are。故填are。 7．According to the old story, lived a man in the mountain, who was then a master of this special musical instrument. 7. there 【解析】考查存在句型。句意：根据这个古老的故事，山上住着一个人，他当时是这种特殊乐器的大师。此处是there be句型的变体，be动词可替换为表示存在、出现、发生等意义的动词，故填there。 8． existed some doubt among the students as to whether an English teacher should organize teaching totally in English. 8. There 【解析】考查存在句固定句型。句意：英语教师是否应该完全用英语组织教学，在学生中存在一些疑问。这是“There be…”句型的变式，表示“存在”概念的动词“exist”替换了“be”动词，且用了过去时时态，即，“There existed…”。故填There。 9．What a pity, my new computer doesn’t work. must be something wrong with it. 9. There 【解析】考查there be句型。句意：真遗憾，我的新电脑坏了。一定是出了什么问题。分析句子可知，这里考查there be…句型的变式，be动词前加上情态动词，且句首时首字母应大写。故填There。 10．There is no doubt it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. 10. that 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，完全依赖消费的评级是不明智的。结合句意表示“毫无疑问……”可知句型为there is no doubt that...。故填that。 11．We never dreamed of living an old couple in the old temple. 11. there 【解析】句意：我们从未梦想过那座古庙里住着一对老夫妇。此处为“there + 非谓语”构成的复合宾语，是there be的变体结构，of的介词，live用动名词形式。 12．There (be) no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying. 12. being 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：房间里没人，我们意识到哭也没用。“There being + 名词”构成独立主格结构，表示原因，故填 being 。 13．The teacher was waiting for there (be) complete silence. 13. to be 【解析】考查there be的非谓语。句意：老师在等待完全安静下来。这里是there be的非谓语形式，作介词宾语时，一般用there being形式，如果是介词for，只能用there to be，故填 to be 。 14．In the last 500 million years, there (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended. 14. have been 【解析】考查there be句型和时态。句意：在过去的5亿年里，地球上有五次生命几乎灭绝。根据时间状语In the last 500 million years可知，句子用现在完成时。此处考查there be句型，主语five times为复数形式，助动词用have。故填have been。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 历年真题回顾 2023上海秋考 73.你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware) ____________________________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案：Have you been aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules? 解析：本题考查疑问句翻译。实词aware（adj. 有意识的）的用法be aware that...， 另，考生对于题干中的“部落”和“不成文”等表达，也需要知道相应的英文表达。 2023上海春考 74.对喜剧演员来说，没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be) _______________________________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案： For a comedian, there is nothing more satisfying/ gratifying/ rewarding/fulfilling than hearing the bursts of laughter of the audience during his performance/ show. 解析：本题考查there be句型翻译。 2022上海秋考 74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流方能见效。(make a difference) __________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Do not highly demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, because it is the persistence that makes a difference. 【解析】：本题考查祈使句翻译。 2022上海春考 75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It) 【参考答案】 It is because of/due to/owning to the customer-oriented concept that this long-lost community mall has been able to return to the public eye. 【解析】考察强调句型:“正是因为…”的强调句表达；it is/was…that… 2021上海秋考 73、打喷嚏时,务必用纸巾住口鼻。(Do) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】Do cover your mouth and nose with tissues/at issue when (you are) sneezing. Or Do cover your mouth and nose with tissues when you sneeze 【解析】：本题考查对实义动词强调句型翻译。 2021上海春考 (26)_______(divide)the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer,you rock together, you roll together ! 【答案】26. Divide 【解析】. 考查祈使句。根据后面的including判定空格处的动词为谓语动词，而且没有主语，很容易想到是祈使句。而且根据句意：“均摊成本，包括为鼓手租用任何设备的成本，例如铜钹，你们一起摇滚，一起打鼓！” 2019上海秋考 Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs. 【答案】27.that 2019上海春考 As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 【答案】27. and 2018上海秋考 It won't be until we follow them over time (22)________we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot 【答案】22.that 2019上海秋考 73.和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。(How) 【答案】73. How different a person the soldier now is from what he was at school! 2021上海春考 71.羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(how come) 【答案】The badminton court/hall/gym/stadium is empty, but /and how come the light(s) is/are still on? 2019上海春考 71. 究竟是什么激发了小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate) 【答案】What is it that motivates Xiao Wang to learn electronic engineering? 题组二 句子翻译 1．秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！(it) (汉译英） 【答案】How fascinating / What a fascinating thing it is to go hiking in the country park in (the) clear and fresh autumn (weather)! 【详解】考查短语、时态、代词和感叹句。 go hiking去远足；in the park 在公园。句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。感叹句的结构为：What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! 或者How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为How fascinating / What a fascinating thing it is to go hiking in the country park in (the) clear and fresh autumn (weather)! 2．不要劝他为明天的面试做准备了，因为问题是随机选择的。(persuade) (汉译英) 【答案】Don’t persuade him to prepare for tomorrow’s interview, because the questions are chosen at random. 【详解】考查祈使句、时态语态和状语从句。表示“劝某人做某事”短语为persuade sb. to do sth.，主句为否定祈使句；表示“为……准备”短语为prepare for；表示“明天的面试”短语为tomorrow’s interview； because引导原因状语从句，主语为复数名词the questions；表示“选择”应用动词choose，与主语构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态；表示“随机”短语为at random。故翻译为Don’t persuade him to prepare for tomorrow’s interview, because the questions are chosen at random. 3．请记住，保持平衡的生活状态是避免紧张的最好方式。(bear) (汉译英) 【答案】Bear in mind that maintaining a balanced lifestyle is the best way to avoid stress. 【详解】考查宾语从句、非谓语动词、祈使句。表示“请记住”用祈使句结构，动词原形开头，翻译为bear in mind，后面用that引出宾语从句，“保持平衡的生活状态”为从句主语，用maintain a balanced lifestyle，动名词作主语放在句首，表示“是……的最好方式”用is the best way to do，一般现在时，表示“避免紧张”用avoid stress。故翻译为Bear in mind that maintaining a balanced lifestyle is the best way to avoid stress. 4．冷静，别让焦虑影响你的表现。（or）（汉译英） 【答案】Calm down, or you will/may let anxiety affect your performance. 【详解】考查短语和句型。此处为“祈使句+or+简单句”；表示“冷静”短语为calm down；后一句主语为you；表示“让”应用动词let，且may或will后跟动词原形；表示“焦虑”应用名词anxiety；表示“影响你的表现”翻译为affect your performance。故翻译为Calm down, or you will/may let anxiety affect your performance. 5．顺便问一下，你是否考虑去听后天的讲座? （consider）（汉译英） 【答案】By the way, do you consider attending the lecture the day after tomorrow? 【详解】考查动词和一般疑问句。“顺便问一下”为短语by the way，“考虑做某事”为consider doing sth，“后天”为the day after tomorrow，“听后天的讲座”表达为attend the lecture the day after tomorrow，本句询问现在的事情，表达为一般疑问句，用一般现在时，主语为“你（you）”，用助动词为do置于主语之前，故翻译为：By the way, do you consider attending the lecture the day after tomorrow? 6．你今天下午方便抽空来跟我见个面吗？（convenient）（汉译英） 【答案】Would it be convenient for you to meet me this afternoon? 【详解】考查固定句型和形容词。根据句意和提示词，该句应使用固定句型“it be convenient for sb. to do sth.”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，convenient意为“方便的”作表语，该句为疑问句，且语气比较委婉，所以谓语动词应为would be，疑问句应将would提至it之前，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“你”应为you作不定式的逻辑主语；表示“跟我见个面”应为meet me，用不定式形式作真正主语；表示“今天下午”应为this afternoon作时间状语。故翻译为Would it be convenient for you to meet me this afternoon? 7．我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be)(汉译英) 【答案】I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by mistake/accident, so is there any possibility of withdrawing it? 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、there be句型的一般疑问句式。表示“点击”含义的表达为：click (on)，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时；表示“刚刚”含义的表达为：just；表示“提交申请”含义的表达为：Submit Application；表示“不小心”含义的表达为：by mistake或by accident；表示“还有可能撤回吗？”含义的表达为：is there any possibility of withdrawing it?，该句为一般疑问句，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，用so连接，故翻译为：I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by mistake/accident, so is there any possibility of withdrawing it? 8．他是个出尔反尔的人，你难道没看出来吗？(whose) (汉译英) 【答案】Don’t you see he is a man whose words contradict themselves/whose words conflict with one another/whose words are not consistent/whose words don’t correspond with one another? 【详解】考查动词时态，短语和定语从句。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“你难道没看出来吗”是反问句，译为“don’t you...?”，“看出来”使用动词see，“他是个出尔反尔的人”译为一个宾语从句he is a man whose words contradict themselves，作动词see的宾语，其中whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词man，宾语从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，that可省略，故翻译为：Don’t you see he is a man whose words contradict themselves/whose words conflict with one another/whose words are not consistent/whose words don’t correspond with one another?。 9．对于户外活动的爱好者们来说，有从骑行到观鸟的各种活动。(range) (汉译英) 【答案】For lovers of the outdoors, there are activities ranging from biking to birdwatching. 【详解】考查短语，there be句型和非谓语动词。根据中文句意可知，描述事实情况，为一般现在时。表示“对于……来说”用介词for，表示“户外活动的爱好者”用lovers of the outdoors，表示“有……”用there be句型，表示“活动”用activities，作主语，表示“从骑行到观鸟的”用非谓语动词修饰activities，“活动activities”与range构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作定语，表示“从骑行到观鸟”用from biking to birdwatching。故翻译为For lovers of the outdoors, there are activities ranging from biking to birdwatching. 10．电影里出现了许多主人公穿越沙漠的场景，象征着一种自我发现和成长的过程。(there) (汉译英) 【答案】In the film, there are many scenes of the hero crossing the desert, symbolizing/which symbolizes a process of self-discovery and growth. 【详解】考查动词时态和固定句型。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，状语“电影里”应用in the film；表示“出现了许多主人公的场景”应用there are many scenes of the hero；表示“穿越沙漠”应用cross the desert，修饰名词hero，二者为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语；表示“象征着”应用symbolize，此处可以用非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式，也可以处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导，symbolize使用第三人称单数形式；宾语“一种自我发现和成长的过程”应用a process of self-discovery and growth。故翻译成：In the film, there are many scenes of the hero crossing the desert, symbolizing/which symbolizes a process of self-discovery and growth. 11. 这个方案还有争议，我们还是再深入讨论一下吧。（controversial）(汉译英) 【答案】The plan is still controversial, so let’s discuss it in more detail. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。表示“这个方案还有争议”用主系表结构，结合提示词，可译为The plan is still controversial；表示“我们还是再深入讨论一下吧。”可用so连接并列句，表示“深入讨论”用discuss sth. in more detail，因此译为so let’s discuss it in more detail。故译为：The plan is still controversial, so let’s discuss it in more detail. 12. 宿舍里空无一人却门户大开，要是进贼了可怎么办? (what if)(汉译英) 【答案】No one is in the dormitory with the door wide open, and what if a thief comes in? 【解析】 【详解】考查what if的句型。根据句意可知，本句表示的是说现在的状况，所以时态用一般现在时；表示“宿舍里空无一人”用no one is in the dormitory；表示“门户大开”用with的复合结构with the door wide open，作状语；表示“如果……怎么办？”用句式what if ...；表示“贼进来了”用 a thief comes in，结合汉语，故翻译为：No one is in the dormitory with the door wide open, and what if a thief comes in? 13. 这部春节档电影明星云集，情节曲折，制作精良，实现了票房与口碑的双丰收。(release) （汉译英） 【答案】The film released during the Spring Festival holiday, with/featuring a large number of stars, complicated story/plot and excellent production, ①was (is) a success/hit at the box office and received (has received) good/favorable reviews (as well). ②was(is) a box-office success/hit and spoken highly of.③was (is) successful both at the box office and reviews. OR: Due to/Because of/Owing to/ Thanks to/On account of a large number of stars, complicated story/plot and excellent production, the film released during the Spring Festival holiday ①was (is) a success/hit at the box office and received(has received) good/favorable reviews (as well). ②was a box-office success/hit and spoken highly of. ③was successful both at the box office and reviews. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词及时态。“这部春节档电影”使用the film released during the Spring Festival holiday，作主语，released属于过去分词作定语，“明星云集”可以使用a large number of stars，“情节曲折”使用complicated story/plot，“制作精良”使用excellent production，使用介词with或现在分词featuring连接后面成分，作定语，“实现了票房与口碑的双丰收”属于谓语部分，“票房”使用the box office，“口碑”使用good/favorable reviews。句子可以使用一般现在时或一般过去时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The film released during the Spring Festival holiday, with/featuring a large number of stars, complicated story/plot and excellent production, ①was (is) a success/hit at the box office and received (has received) good/favorable reviews (as well). ②was(is) a box-office success/hit and spoken highly of.③was (is) successful both at the box office and reviews. 14. 对于语言学习者来说，没有比能驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握的大量词汇更有成就感的事了。(there be) (汉译英) 【答案】For language learners, there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。表示“对于语言学习者来说”翻译为for language learners；表示“没有比……更……”句型为there is nothing+比较级…than…；表示“更有成就感”应用形容词比较级more fulfilling；表示“驾轻就熟地运用自己所掌握大量词汇”翻译为being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease，定语从句修饰vocabulary，省略了关系词。故翻译为For language learners, there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to use the vast vocabulary they have mastered with ease. 15．边喝咖啡边欣赏上海夜景多惬意呀!(How) (汉译英) 【答案】How pleasant /pleased it is to enjoy/appreciate the night view of Shanghai while drinking coffee. 【详解】考查感叹句和固定句型。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“多么”应用how；表示“惬意”应用pleasant/pleased；表示“欣赏”应用enjoy/appreciate；it is +adj.+to do...为固定句型，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语，enjoy/appreciate位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“上海夜景”应用the night view of Shanghai，主句为感叹句，修饰的中心词为形容词，需用How+adj+主语+谓语！这个句型；表示“当……时候”应用while；表示“喝咖啡”应用drink coffee，此处使用现在分词形式作状语。故翻译成：How pleasant /pleased it is to enjoy/appreciate the night view of Shanghai while drinking coffee. 16．与学生时代的他相比，那位教授简直判若两人。(how)（汉译英） 【答案】Compared with what he was like back in school, how different a person the professor is ! 【详解】考查短语、动词时态和感叹句。表示“与……相比”短语为compare with ；“学生时代的他”意思是“他学生时代的样子”，是一种过去的状态，用一般过去时，可翻译为what he was like back in school；how意为“多么”，可引导感叹句，句型为“how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”。“那位教授简直判若两人”的意思是“那位教授前后差别很大”，故可翻译为how different a person the professor is。根据句意，此句描写的是一种看法，故主句用一般现在时。分析句子可知，what he was like back in school和compare是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作句子的状语。故翻译为Compared with what he was like back in school, how different a person the professor is ! 17．她心脏手术后一个月就彻底康复了，这真是个奇迹！(What)（汉译英） 【答案】What a miracle it is/was that she completely/fully recovered/(she was fully recovered) one month after the operation on her heart/after her heart operation/after she had an operation on her heart! 【详解】考查动词，名词，固定搭配和感叹句。根据句意可知，“她心脏手术后一个月就彻底康复了”应用一般过去时；“这真是个奇迹”可用一般现在或一般过去时。用what引导感叹句表示“真是个奇迹”句子为What a miracle it is/was；表示“她彻底康复”句子为she completely/fully recovered，或she was fully recovered；表示“心脏手术之后一个月”短语为one month after the opeartion on her heart，one month after her heart operation或one month after she had an operation on her heart。故翻译为What a miracle it is/was that she completely/fully recovered/(she was fully recovered) one month after the operation on her heart/after her heart operation/after she had an operation on her heart! 18．这个印象派作品的展览到下周末就结束了，太令人遗憾了。(pity) 【答案】What a pity it is that the exhibition of impressionist paintings will be over next weekend! 【详解】考查固定短语。固定短语what a pity“真遗憾；很可惜”；固定短语impressionist paintings“印象派作品”，根据句意可知主句为一般现在时，从句为一般将来时。故填What a pity it is that the exhibition of impressionist paintings will be over next weekend!。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $