专题06 完形填空之六类解题锦囊秘诀（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦完形填空专题，覆盖语义复现、情感态度关联等六类核心考点，依据考情分析、知识框架构建、考点拆解、真题溯源的逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理明确命题规律，方法指导归纳解题范式，真题训练强化实战应用，帮助学生系统突破完形填空难点。 讲义创新构建考向-难度-解题线索对应模型，如针对语义复现考点设计“标记核心词+搜寻前后1-3句匹配词”解题步骤，培养学生思维品质和语言能力，设置分层例题与真题溯源板块，精准对接高考难度，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径，有效提升学生应试能力。

专题06 完形填空之六类解题锦囊秘诀 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 词汇语义及上下文语境微观考查 知识解构 知识点1 语义复现 知识点2 情感态度关联 知识点3 前后逻辑关系 知识点4 语境暗示线索 知识点5 词汇差异及词组辨析 知识点6 长难句及固定搭配 考向破译 考向 01 考查语义复现解题 考向02 考查作者态度或感情色彩 考向 03 考查前后逻辑关系 考向04 考查语境暗示线索 考向 05 考查词汇词义差异及词组辨析 考向06 考查长难句结构及固定搭配 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 年份 完形填空 2023上海春考 名词4；动词5；形3；副2；词组1；其中句内理解6；句组理解5；句际理解4 2022上海春考 名词4；动词5；形4；副0；词组2；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 2021上海春考 名词6；动词4；形3；副1；词组1；其中句内理解7；句组理解6；句际理解2 2020上海春考 名词6；动词3；形1；副2；词组3；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 年份 完形填空 2023上海秋考 名词3；动词6；形2；副2；词组2；其中句内理解5；句组理解7；句际理解3 2022上海秋考 名词5；动词5；形3；副0；词组2；其中句内理解6；句组理解6；句际理解3 2021上海秋考 名词5；动词3；形4；副0；词组3；其中句内理解6；句组理解6；句际理解3 2020上海秋考 名词7；动词5；形3；副0；词组0；其中句内理解8；句组理解4；句际理解3 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考向 难度 题型层级 核心解题线索 01 语义复现 易 句内 / 句组 原文同义 / 原词呼应 06 长难句 + 搭配 易 句内 固定短语、句子主干结构 04 语境暗示 中 句组 场景、数据、行为细节 03 前后逻辑 中 句组 转折 / 因果 / 递进语义关系 05 词义辨析 中高 句组 / 语篇 词汇细微语义差异 02 作者态度 高 语篇 全文统一情感基调 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点二、完形填空之六类解题锦囊秘诀 知●识●解●构 知识点1 语义复现 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 语义复现是语篇衔接核心手段，命题人利用原词、同根词、同义 / 近义、反义、上下义、代词、概括词在前后句 / 跨段落形成呼应，给题目唯一锁定线索。正确选项一定和原文某处词汇形成语义匹配，是全卷最简单送分题型，句内、句组、语篇层级均大量出现。 2. 四大复现分类 ①原词复现：原文直接出现同一单词，前后呼应； ②同义 / 同源复现：近义词、同词根变形替换； ③反义复现转折前后反义词对照； ④上下义复现：总概括词↔具体举例词。 3. 考场解题标准步骤 · 通读标记全文核心名词、形容词、动词； · 空格无思路时，前后 1–3 句搜寻语义匹配词； · 匹配复现词汇，直接锁定选项，其余无呼应干扰项排除。 4. 易错陷阱 复现线索常跨段落，仅盯本句容易漏线索；部分复现词相隔 3–4 句，需瞻前顾后。 5. 典例 原文片段：If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, it's a toss-up. 44. A. lower B. higher C. shorter D. longer 【详解】考查反义语义复现。句意：如果是长篇文本，92% 学生会选纸质；对于短篇文本，两种媒介选择人数持平。前半句核心词 long（长篇），本空形成反义复现，long 反义词 shorter，其余词汇无长度语义呼应，直接锁定 C。 知识点2 情感态度关联 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 任何语篇自带统一情感基调：褒扬 / 批判 / 中立 / 惋惜 / 励志。命题设置形容词、副词、动词、名词选项时，利用全文情感统一设限；局部句子翻译通顺但情感与全文相悖的选项直接排除，属于语篇层级拉分题。 2. 情感线索两大来源 ①显性情感词：positive, beneficial, harmful, challenge, valuable 等褒贬形容词； ②隐性行为描述：作者对事物的评判、举例取舍、首尾段观点。 3. 解题黄金法则 先定全文情感底色，再筛选项褒贬；同一篇文章情感不会中途反转（转折句仅局部对比，整体基调不变）。 4. 易错陷阱 只看单句局部情绪，忽略整篇作者核心立场，误选局部通顺但背离全文情感的选项。 典例 原文片段：The (52)_______of digital reading for the humanities is that screens-particularly those on devices with Internet connections-undermine our encounters with meaty texts. 52. A. advance B. suspect C. pleasure D. challenge 【详解】考查作者批判类感情色彩。句意：对人文学科而言，电子阅读带来一大难题：电子屏幕削弱我们厚重文本的深度研读。全文作者整体态度批判电子阅读不利于深度精读，全文负面基调。A 进步、C 愉悦均为褒义，与作者负面态度冲突；B suspect 为动词，语法不匹配；challenge（难题、挑战）贴合全文批判基调，选 D。 知识点3 前后逻辑关系 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 句子、段落依靠逻辑纽带串联，上海完形必考六大逻辑：并列、转折让步、因果、递进、对比、条件。分为显性（but/however/thus 等逻辑连词）、隐性（无连词，依靠语义推导逻辑）两类，是中档核心题型，占比最高。 2. 六大高频逻辑信号词汇总 · 转折让步：but, however, rather, although, yet · 因果：so, therefore, thus, as a result · 递进：besides, furthermore, moreover · 对比：while, whereas · 并列：and, or · 目的：to, in order that 3. 解题步骤 · 划分空格前后分句语义； · 判断两句正向 / 反向 / 因果关联； · 匹配逻辑对应词汇，排除逻辑冲突选项。 4. 易错陷阱 混淆 rather（相反）与 thus（因此）；隐性无连词逻辑仅凭翻译判断，不梳理语义关系。 典例 原文片段：These (53) ________weren't designed for focused concentration. (54)_______, they are information and communication machines. 54. A. Accordingly B. Rather C. Thus D. Therefore 【详解】考查转折对比逻辑关系。句意：这些电子设备并非为专注阅读设计，恰恰相反，它们只是信息通讯工具。前半句否定设备的阅读功能，后半句纠正、揭示设备真实定位，前后反向对比。A 因此、C 因此、D 均表因果逻辑，语义冲突；Rather 表示 “恰恰相反”，匹配转折对比逻辑，选 B。 知识点4 语境暗示线索 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 不靠复现、不靠情感，依靠场景、动作、客观事实、前后细节描述给出隐性限定线索，线索分布在空格本句、相邻句组，是句组层级主流题型。分为场景暗示、行为暗示、事实暗示三类。 2. 三类暗示区分 ①场景暗示：文章特定场景限定专用词汇（校园 / 科技 / 环保 / 媒体）； ②行为暗示：前后动作链条匹配对应动词； ③事实暗示：客观常识、实验数据、调研结果限定词义。 3. 解题核心 把前后细节线索全部整合，筛选贴合场景 / 行为 / 客观事实的唯一选项，单一片面细节不能作为依据。 4. 易错陷阱 只抓取单个小细节，忽略多条线索综合约束，误选局部贴合、整体违和选项。 典例 原文片段：Digital reading also (45) _______distraction and invites multitasking. Among subjects, only 26 percent multitask on paper, 85 percent on screens. 45. A. disarms B. encourages C. encaves D. counteracts 【详解】考查客观数据事实语境暗示。句意：电子阅读还容易滋生分心、多任务操作。后文调研数据 85% 电子阅读者一心多用，客观事实暗示电子阅读会催生分心行为。A 消除、D 抵消与数据事实完全相反；C 为生僻无场景词汇；encourages 此处贬义 “助长”，贴合调研数据暗示的客观事实，选 B。 知识点5 词汇词义差异及词组辨析 1. 命题本质 上海完形选项高频设置形近、义近、搭配近词汇 / 动词词组，四个选项中文释义接近，但动作精准度、情感倾向、使用场景、固定搭配存在细微差异，必须依托语境区分词义边界，是区分中等生与尖子生关键题型。 2. 三大辨析维度 1）语义精准度：动作强弱、范围大小、主观客观； 2）感情倾向：褒义 / 中性 / 贬义； 3）搭配适配：动词 + 宾语、形容词修饰对象固定约束。 3. 解题三步辨析法 ①排除语法不匹配选项； ②区分词汇核心语义差异； ③结合全文语境匹配精准词义。 4. 易错陷阱 仅记中文翻译，忽略词汇使用场景与动作细微差别。 典例 原文片段：while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don't intend to (41) _______ or reread 41. A. make up B. take on C. hold out D. chew over 【详解】考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：电子设备适合那些我们不打算仔细研读、也不会重读的内容。 A make up 编造 / 弥补；B take on 承担；C hold out 坚持；D chew over 反复研读、深度思考。 全文区分浅阅读与 deep reading 深度阅读，只有 chew over 专门指对文本反复思索研读，其余词组无文本阅读语义，词义边界完全不符，选 D。 知识点6 长难句结构分析及固定搭配 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 分为两层考点： 1）固定搭配：动词短语、形容词 + 介词、名词固定短语、不定式 / 动名词搭配，句内线索即可秒解基础题； 2）长难句结构：定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语、并列分隔句式干扰考生，只有拆分句子主干才能判断空格词性、成分，排除语法错误选项。 上海完形长难句占比 35%，常把空格插入从句、插入语中，干扰句子主干识别。 2. 解题拆分技巧 长难句三步拆分：①删插入语 / 状语；②找主谓主干；③判断空格充当成分（谓语 / 定语 / 宾语）。 3. 易错陷阱 被逗号分隔插入语迷惑，找不到句子主干，误判空格词性；固定搭配记忆模糊混淆介词。 典例 原文片段：What is the one thing you (51)________about reading in print? 51. A. disadvantage n. B. dislike v. C. misjudge v. D. decolour v. 【详解】考查句子结构分析 + 词汇词性搭配。句意：纸质阅读有哪一点是你不喜欢的？ 拆分句子主干：主语 you，空格为谓语动词，后接宾语 reading in print。A disadvantage 是名词，无法作谓语，直接语法排除；C 误判、D 褪色语义完全不匹配阅读话题；dislike 作动词表 “不喜欢”，句子结构、语义双重匹配，选 B。 考●向●破●译 考向 01 考查语义复解题（原词 / 同义 / 反义 / 概括复现） 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 26 空 完整句段：For many people, being authentic — showing one’s true self — is far from __26__. As social beings, we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to __27__ what we really think. 26. A. ideal B. natural C. comfortable D. easy 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 崇明二模 26 空 完整句段：If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, it's a toss-up. 44. A. lower B. higher C. shorter D. longer 考向 02 考查作者态度或感情色彩 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 崇明二模 35 空 完整句段：So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue __35__? Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.” 35. A. unnoticed B. unchanged C. unchecked D. undamaged 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 奉贤二模 35 空 完整句段：Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden __35__ that once wove the world together. 35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns 考向 03 考查前后逻辑关系（转折 / 因果 / 递进 / 对比） 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 32 空 完整句段：One explanation for this effect is that authentic people do not place self-protection above everything else. __32__, they try to balance their own needs and those of others, creating a sense of psychological safety. 32. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Instead 例题 2 题源：2026 松江二模 33 空 完整句段：Researchers first need to develop fully human-based alternatives because animal skin risks immune reactions. __33__, the technology requires further development to include hair roots and nerves. 33. A. However B. Additionally C. Therefore D. Accordingly 考向 04 考查语境暗示线索（数据 / 场景 / 行为客观暗示） 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 45 空 完整句段：Digital reading also (45) _______distraction and invites multitasking. Among subjects, only 26 percent multitask on paper, while 85 percent when reading screens. 45. A. disarms B. encourages C. encaves D. counteracts 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 普陀二模 27 空 完整句段：To __27__ the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling sweet food, the team ran tests with no food placed inside the maze. 27. A. allow for B. look into C. rule out D. open up 考向 05 考查词汇词义差异及词组辨析 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 34 空 完整句段：Therefore, by focusing less on appearing hardworking, we can make a lasting __34__ in our environment. 34. A. difference B. plan C. comparison D. promise 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 宝山二模 35 空 完整句段：Oliver realized that while looking the part was important, having supportive teammates was __35__. 35. A. protective B. invaluable C. cooperative D. ambitious 答案：B 【详解】考查形容词词义细微辨析。A 保护性的；B 无价的、极其珍贵；C 合作的；D 有野心。句子存在让步对比：外表固然重要，但团队支持无比珍贵，invaluable 侧重价值极高，其余词汇无法体现团队支持的核心价值。 考向 06 考查长难句结构分析及固定搭配 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 长宁二模 31 空 完整句段：The AI stethoscope often told patients they could be ____31 heart failure even when they had no illness. 31. A. classifying B. experiencing C. measuring D. controlling 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 杨浦二模 35 空 完整句段：Those teams met indirect challenges in ____35 to the AI-changed team dynamic. 35. A. applying B. objecting C. sticking D. adapting 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题选 （2023年1月·上海高考真题） For the past five years, I've been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus in print. The bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don't intend to (41) _______ or reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading” is nearly always better done in print. Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which (42) _______. My survey research with university students in the United States, Germany, and Japan reveals that if costs are the same, about 90 percent (at least in my sample) (43) _______ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For (44) _______ texts, it's a toss-up. Digital reading also (45) _______ distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy. (The figure for Germany was 98 percent.) In this country, 26 percent indicated they were (46) _______ to multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine struggling with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight. You get the point. Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly (48) _______. I asked what people liked most (and least) about reading in each medium. Common (49) _______ for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier to focus.” When asked what they liked least about reading (50) _______, a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don't absorb as much.” My all-time favorite reply to the question "What is the one thing you (51) _______ about reading in print?" came from an American: "It takes me longer because I read more carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academia was designed to promote? Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The (52) _______ of digital reading for the humanities is that screens—particularly those on devices with Internet connections—undermine our engagement with meaty texts. These (53) _______ weren't designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading. (54) _______, they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming—not scrutinizing. Teachers and scholars must look beyond today's career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities. We need to think more carefully about students' mounting rejection of long-form reading, now (55) _______ by digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry. 41. A. make up B.take on C.hold out D.chew over 42. A.design B. medium C. cover D. content 43.A. prefer B.refer C.offer D.transfer 44. A. lower B. higher C.shorter D. longer 45.A.disarms B.encourages C.encaves D. counteracts 46.A. likely B. orderly C. deadly D. cleanly 47.A.delighting B. satisfying C. struggling D.picnicking 48. A.recommending B. indicating C.recognizing D. revealing 49.A.response B.additions C.solutions D.instruments 50. A. casually B.delicately C. digitally D. instantly 51. A.disadvantage B. dislike C.misjudge D. decolour 52. A.advance B. suspect C.pleasure D. challenge 53. A.vehicles B.services C.devices D. figures 54. A. Accordingly B. Rather C.Thus D. Therefore 55. A.qualified B.terrified C.identified D.intensified 题组二 名校试题 Passage 1 【来源】上海复旦附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级3月阶段性教学质量评试卷 You are already paying more for food due to global warming, and rising temperature will drive food prices much higher in the next decade. According to a study done 1 the European Central Bank, they find that, by 2035, higher temperature alone will be pushing up worldwide food prices by between 0.9 and 3.2 percent every single year. This will 2 between 0.3 and 1.2 percent to overall inflation. “There is often a sense of shock and surprise at the importance of these 3 ,” says Maximilian Kotz at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, referring to his discussions with economists while doing the study. 4 extreme weather is increasingly affecting production and if farmers don’t adapt, the 5 will come ever more serious as the world continues to heat up. To find out how this is 6 food prices, Kotz and his colleagues compared data on the monthly prices of a range of good and services in 121 countries between 1996 and 2021, 7 the weather conditions those countries were exposed to. The researchers looked for 8 between food prices and factors such as the average monthly temperature, the temperature variability and measures of drought and extreme rainfall. They found a strong link between the average temperature and the food prices a month or so later. In 9 that were north of 40 degrees — the latitude of New York City, Madrid and Beijing — warmer-than-average temperatures during winter led to 10 food prices. But in summer and at all times in the rest of the world, above-average temperatures increased food prices. What’s more, the effects on prices are 11 . “Once the prices have increased on the basis of one of these shocks, they stay higher for at least the rest of the year,” says Kotz. They study didn’t look at why prices rose, but the likely 12 is that extreme heat is reducing yields, he says. His team went further by investing how food prices could change based on average temperature rises in climate model 13 . In the team’s worst-case emissions scenario, global food inflation due to climate change exceed 4 per cent per year by 2060. 14 , many other factors could change by then, so the team regards its predictions for 2035 as more reliable. “We need to be aware of the fact that climate change brings huge new 15 for food and nutrition security.” Says Matin Qaim at the University of Bonn in Germany. 1．A．in confrontation with B．in collaboration with C．in honor of D．with regards to 2．A．add B．amount C．average D．equal 3．A．burdens B．issues C．impacts D．outcomes 4．A．Pollution-induced B．Human-caused C．Warming-fueled D．Economic-driven 5．A．losses B．expenditures C．revenues D．harvests 6．A．maintaining B．regulating C．determining D．altering 7．A．except for B．adding to C．in case of D．along with 8．A．interactions B．correlations C．interferences D．collocations 9．A．nations B．lands C．regions D．societies 10．A．climbing B．worsening C．accelerating D．dipping 11．A．short-sighted B．long-lasting C．short-lived D．long-standing 12．A．prediction B．course C．expression D．explanation 13．A．projection B．stimulation C．evaluation D．conclusion 14．A．Rather B．Moreover C．However D．Therefore 15．A．sources B．strategies C．benefits D．challenges Passage 2 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 At a recent gardening conference, a speaker gestured toward a slide of a rather worn-looking station wagon (旅行车) and asked how many plants it might contain. The answer, 16 , was thousands. Inside were young, leafless trees and plant roots, all carefully packed in boxes and ready for replanting. This quiet scene points to a 17 that is steadily gaining attention: the use of “bare root” plants. Bare-root plants are lifted from the ground during their resting season, with their top growth cut back and their roots washed clean. Stored in cool conditions, with roots kept damp and protected, they can later be 18 and planted with relative ease. What makes this method increasingly appealing is not only its practicality but also how well it 19 a more thoughtful, low-waste approach to gardening. The 20 begins with cost. Gardening is widely perceived as a(n) 21 hobby, and the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage. Yet the benefits extend far beyond 22 . These plants often establish more quickly once planted, adapting well to their new environment. At the same time, their environmental footprint is notably lighter. Without the need for large pots or compost (堆肥), transport becomes more efficient, and the energy required for heating and watering during growth is 23 . Designers working on large projects have begun to explore this method, though not without 24 . While bare-root planting can be highly efficient, it may introduce uncertainty in complex layouts where precise positioning is essential. 25 , successful examples demonstrate its potential. In one large-scale planting, thousands of plants were introduced without plastic, resulting in a process that proved both quicker and more efficient, particularly for species with strong root systems. The growing interest in bare-root plants also reflects a broader shift in 26 . For decades, many gardeners have relied on potted plants from garden centres, a system that often carries hidden 27 costs. In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles. Because these plants must be handled and planted within specific seasonal windows, gardeners are encouraged to plan more carefully and work in harmony with the rhythms of 28 . Rather than being simply an alternative technique, bare-root planting suggests a different way of 29 gardening. With its combination of economy, 30 , and environmental awareness, it offers a quieter, less wasteful approach — one that may gradually reshape everyday gardening practices. 16．A．seriously B．personally C．gradually D．surprisingly 17．A．variation B．practice C．concept D．development 18．A．detected B．generated C．transported D．measured 19．A．limits B．replaces C．tests D．fits 20．A．appeal B．challenge C．discussion D．focus 21．A．rewarding B．memorable C．intense D．expensive 22．A．appearance B．flexibility C．affordability D．usefulness 23．A．reduced B．directed C．boosted D．maintained 24．A．preparation B．delay C．hesitation D．assistance 25．A．By contrast B．Even so C．In addition D．Till now 26．A．framework B．criteria C．perspective D．quantity 27．A．unnecessary B．environmental C．short-term D．economic 28．A．nature B．gardening C．change D．soil 29．A．making up B．depending on C．taking over D．thinking about 30．A．efficiency B．encouragement C．innovation D．transplant Passage 3 【来源】上海市延安中学2025-2026学年3月第二学期高三英语练习卷 Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 31 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 32 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 33 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 34 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 35 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 36 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 37 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 38 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 39 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 40 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 41 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 42 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 43 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 44 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   45 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 31．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 32．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 33．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 34．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 35．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 36．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 37．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 38．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 39．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 40．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 41．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 42．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 43．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 44．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 45．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 完形填空之六类解题锦囊秘诀 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 词汇语义及上下文语境微观考查 知识解构 知识点1 语义复现 知识点2 情感态度关联 知识点3 前后逻辑关系 知识点4 语境暗示线索 知识点5 词汇差异及词组辨析 知识点6 长难句及固定搭配 考向破译 考向 01 考查语义复现解题 考向02 考查作者态度或感情色彩 考向 03 考查前后逻辑关系 考向04 考查语境暗示线索 考向 05 考查词汇词义差异及词组辨析 考向06 考查长难句结构及固定搭配 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 年份 完形填空 2023上海春考 名词4；动词5；形3；副2；词组1；其中句内理解6；句组理解5；句际理解4 2022上海春考 名词4；动词5；形4；副0；词组2；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 2021上海春考 名词6；动词4；形3；副1；词组1；其中句内理解7；句组理解6；句际理解2 2020上海春考 名词6；动词3；形1；副2；词组3；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 年份 完形填空 2023上海秋考 名词3；动词6；形2；副2；词组2；其中句内理解5；句组理解7；句际理解3 2022上海秋考 名词5；动词5；形3；副0；词组2；其中句内理解6；句组理解6；句际理解3 2021上海秋考 名词5；动词3；形4；副0；词组3；其中句内理解6；句组理解6；句际理解3 2020上海秋考 名词7；动词5；形3；副0；词组0；其中句内理解8；句组理解4；句际理解3 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考向 难度 题型层级 核心解题线索 01 语义复现 易 句内 / 句组 原文同义 / 原词呼应 06 长难句 + 搭配 易 句内 固定短语、句子主干结构 04 语境暗示 中 句组 场景、数据、行为细节 03 前后逻辑 中 句组 转折 / 因果 / 递进语义关系 05 词义辨析 中高 句组 / 语篇 词汇细微语义差异 02 作者态度 高 语篇 全文统一情感基调 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点二、完形填空之六类解题锦囊秘诀 知●识●解●构 知识点1 语义复现 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 语义复现是语篇衔接核心手段，命题人利用原词、同根词、同义 / 近义、反义、上下义、代词、概括词在前后句 / 跨段落形成呼应，给题目唯一锁定线索。正确选项一定和原文某处词汇形成语义匹配，是全卷最简单送分题型，句内、句组、语篇层级均大量出现。 2. 四大复现分类 ①原词复现：原文直接出现同一单词，前后呼应； ②同义 / 同源复现：近义词、同词根变形替换； ③反义复现转折前后反义词对照； ④上下义复现：总概括词↔具体举例词。 3. 考场解题标准步骤 · 通读标记全文核心名词、形容词、动词； · 空格无思路时，前后 1–3 句搜寻语义匹配词； · 匹配复现词汇，直接锁定选项，其余无呼应干扰项排除。 4. 易错陷阱 复现线索常跨段落，仅盯本句容易漏线索；部分复现词相隔 3–4 句，需瞻前顾后。 5. 典例 原文片段：If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, it's a toss-up. 44. A. lower B. higher C. shorter D. longer 【详解】考查反义语义复现。句意：如果是长篇文本，92% 学生会选纸质；对于短篇文本，两种媒介选择人数持平。前半句核心词 long（长篇），本空形成反义复现，long 反义词 shorter，其余词汇无长度语义呼应，直接锁定 C。 知识点2 情感态度关联 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 任何语篇自带统一情感基调：褒扬 / 批判 / 中立 / 惋惜 / 励志。命题设置形容词、副词、动词、名词选项时，利用全文情感统一设限；局部句子翻译通顺但情感与全文相悖的选项直接排除，属于语篇层级拉分题。 2. 情感线索两大来源 ①显性情感词：positive, beneficial, harmful, challenge, valuable 等褒贬形容词； ②隐性行为描述：作者对事物的评判、举例取舍、首尾段观点。 3. 解题黄金法则 先定全文情感底色，再筛选项褒贬；同一篇文章情感不会中途反转（转折句仅局部对比，整体基调不变）。 4. 易错陷阱 只看单句局部情绪，忽略整篇作者核心立场，误选局部通顺但背离全文情感的选项。 典例 原文片段：The (52)_______of digital reading for the humanities is that screens-particularly those on devices with Internet connections-undermine our encounters with meaty texts. 52. A. advance B. suspect C. pleasure D. challenge 【详解】考查作者批判类感情色彩。句意：对人文学科而言，电子阅读带来一大难题：电子屏幕削弱我们厚重文本的深度研读。全文作者整体态度批判电子阅读不利于深度精读，全文负面基调。A 进步、C 愉悦均为褒义，与作者负面态度冲突；B suspect 为动词，语法不匹配；challenge（难题、挑战）贴合全文批判基调，选 D。 知识点3 前后逻辑关系 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 句子、段落依靠逻辑纽带串联，上海完形必考六大逻辑：并列、转折让步、因果、递进、对比、条件。分为显性（but/however/thus 等逻辑连词）、隐性（无连词，依靠语义推导逻辑）两类，是中档核心题型，占比最高。 2. 六大高频逻辑信号词汇总 · 转折让步：but, however, rather, although, yet · 因果：so, therefore, thus, as a result · 递进：besides, furthermore, moreover · 对比：while, whereas · 并列：and, or · 目的：to, in order that 3. 解题步骤 · 划分空格前后分句语义； · 判断两句正向 / 反向 / 因果关联； · 匹配逻辑对应词汇，排除逻辑冲突选项。 4. 易错陷阱 混淆 rather（相反）与 thus（因此）；隐性无连词逻辑仅凭翻译判断，不梳理语义关系。 典例 原文片段：These (53) ________weren't designed for focused concentration. (54)_______, they are information and communication machines. 54. A. Accordingly B. Rather C. Thus D. Therefore 【详解】考查转折对比逻辑关系。句意：这些电子设备并非为专注阅读设计，恰恰相反，它们只是信息通讯工具。前半句否定设备的阅读功能，后半句纠正、揭示设备真实定位，前后反向对比。A 因此、C 因此、D 均表因果逻辑，语义冲突；Rather 表示 “恰恰相反”，匹配转折对比逻辑，选 B。 知识点4 语境暗示线索 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 不靠复现、不靠情感，依靠场景、动作、客观事实、前后细节描述给出隐性限定线索，线索分布在空格本句、相邻句组，是句组层级主流题型。分为场景暗示、行为暗示、事实暗示三类。 2. 三类暗示区分 ①场景暗示：文章特定场景限定专用词汇（校园 / 科技 / 环保 / 媒体）； ②行为暗示：前后动作链条匹配对应动词； ③事实暗示：客观常识、实验数据、调研结果限定词义。 3. 解题核心 把前后细节线索全部整合，筛选贴合场景 / 行为 / 客观事实的唯一选项，单一片面细节不能作为依据。 4. 易错陷阱 只抓取单个小细节，忽略多条线索综合约束，误选局部贴合、整体违和选项。 典例 原文片段：Digital reading also (45) _______distraction and invites multitasking. Among subjects, only 26 percent multitask on paper, 85 percent on screens. 45. A. disarms B. encourages C. encaves D. counteracts 【详解】考查客观数据事实语境暗示。句意：电子阅读还容易滋生分心、多任务操作。后文调研数据 85% 电子阅读者一心多用，客观事实暗示电子阅读会催生分心行为。A 消除、D 抵消与数据事实完全相反；C 为生僻无场景词汇；encourages 此处贬义 “助长”，贴合调研数据暗示的客观事实，选 B。 知识点5 词汇词义差异及词组辨析 1. 命题本质 上海完形选项高频设置形近、义近、搭配近词汇 / 动词词组，四个选项中文释义接近，但动作精准度、情感倾向、使用场景、固定搭配存在细微差异，必须依托语境区分词义边界，是区分中等生与尖子生关键题型。 2. 三大辨析维度 1）语义精准度：动作强弱、范围大小、主观客观； 2）感情倾向：褒义 / 中性 / 贬义； 3）搭配适配：动词 + 宾语、形容词修饰对象固定约束。 3. 解题三步辨析法 ①排除语法不匹配选项； ②区分词汇核心语义差异； ③结合全文语境匹配精准词义。 4. 易错陷阱 仅记中文翻译，忽略词汇使用场景与动作细微差别。 典例 原文片段：while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don't intend to (41) _______ or reread 41. A. make up B. take on C. hold out D. chew over 【详解】考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：电子设备适合那些我们不打算仔细研读、也不会重读的内容。 A make up 编造 / 弥补；B take on 承担；C hold out 坚持；D chew over 反复研读、深度思考。 全文区分浅阅读与 deep reading 深度阅读，只有 chew over 专门指对文本反复思索研读，其余词组无文本阅读语义，词义边界完全不符，选 D。 知识点6 长难句结构分析及固定搭配 一、考向理论深度解析 1. 命题本质 分为两层考点： 1）固定搭配：动词短语、形容词 + 介词、名词固定短语、不定式 / 动名词搭配，句内线索即可秒解基础题； 2）长难句结构：定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语、并列分隔句式干扰考生，只有拆分句子主干才能判断空格词性、成分，排除语法错误选项。 上海完形长难句占比 35%，常把空格插入从句、插入语中，干扰句子主干识别。 2. 解题拆分技巧 长难句三步拆分：①删插入语 / 状语；②找主谓主干；③判断空格充当成分（谓语 / 定语 / 宾语）。 3. 易错陷阱 被逗号分隔插入语迷惑，找不到句子主干，误判空格词性；固定搭配记忆模糊混淆介词。 典例 原文片段：What is the one thing you (51)________about reading in print? 51. A. disadvantage n. B. dislike v. C. misjudge v. D. decolour v. 【详解】考查句子结构分析 + 词汇词性搭配。句意：纸质阅读有哪一点是你不喜欢的？ 拆分句子主干：主语 you，空格为谓语动词，后接宾语 reading in print。A disadvantage 是名词，无法作谓语，直接语法排除；C 误判、D 褪色语义完全不匹配阅读话题；dislike 作动词表 “不喜欢”，句子结构、语义双重匹配，选 B。 考●向●破●译 考向 01 考查语义复解题（原词 / 同义 / 反义 / 概括复现） 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 26 空 完整句段：For many people, being authentic — showing one’s true self — is far from __26__. As social beings, we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to __27__ what we really think. 26. A. ideal B. natural C. comfortable D. easy 答案：D 【详解】考查反义语义复现。句意：对很多人来说，展现真实的自我绝非易事。后文句子出现 difficult（困难的），本空与 difficult 构成反义复现，easy（容易的）是 difficult 的反义词，其余词汇无法和后文线索形成语义呼应，直接锁定 D。 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 崇明二模 26 空 完整句段：If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, it's a toss-up. 44. A. lower B. higher C. shorter D. longer 答案：C 【详解】考查反义语义复现。句意：长篇文本 92% 人选纸质，短篇文本两种媒介选择人数持平。前半句核心形容词 long（长的），空格为其反义词形成对比复现，shorter（更短的）完美匹配前后对照逻辑。 考向 02 考查作者态度或感情色彩 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 崇明二模 35 空 完整句段：So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue __35__? Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.” 35. A. unnoticed B. unchanged C. unchecked D. undamaged 答案：C 【详解】考查全文批判类作者态度。整篇文章全程批判无节制的前沿旅游破坏生态、危害人体，全文为负面批判基调。A 未被注意；B 不变；C 不受约束、无节制；D 未受损。只有 unchecked 贴合作者批判无管控旅游的负面情感，其余中性 / 正向词汇违背全文态度。 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 奉贤二模 35 空 完整句段：Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden __35__ that once wove the world together. 35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns 答案：C 【详解】考查全文褒扬感情色彩。文章整体正向赞扬古代东西方文明交融，动词 wove 意为编织，threads（丝线、纽带）和编织形成形象化褒义呼应，象征文明联结；其余词汇无法匹配作者赞美文明互通的积极基调。 考向 03 考查前后逻辑关系（转折 / 因果 / 递进 / 对比） 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 32 空 完整句段：One explanation for this effect is that authentic people do not place self-protection above everything else. __32__, they try to balance their own needs and those of others, creating a sense of psychological safety. 32. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Instead 答案：D 【详解】考查转折对比逻辑关系。句意：真诚的人不会把自我保护放在第一位，相反，他们会平衡自身与他人需求。前半句否定 “只顾自保”，后半句给出相反处事方式，为反向纠正逻辑。A 递进；B 因果；C 然而（让步）；D 恰恰相反，匹配前后对立逻辑。 例题 2 题源：2026 松江二模 33 空 完整句段：Researchers first need to develop fully human-based alternatives because animal skin risks immune reactions. __33__, the technology requires further development to include hair roots and nerves. 33. A. However B. Additionally C. Therefore D. Accordingly 答案：B 【详解】考查递进逻辑关系。前文提出第一个待解决难题：动物皮肤引发免疫排斥；本句补充第二项技术短板，属于同向递进关系。A 转折；B 此外（递进）；C 因此；D 相应，只有 Additionally 符合多层问题叠加的递进逻辑。 考向 04 考查语境暗示线索（数据 / 场景 / 行为客观暗示） 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 45 空 完整句段：Digital reading also (45) _______distraction and invites multitasking. Among subjects, only 26 percent multitask on paper, while 85 percent when reading screens. 45. A. disarms B. encourages C. encaves D. counteracts 答案：B 【详解】考查客观数据语境暗示。后文调研数据显示电子阅读一心多用比例高达 85%，纸质仅 26%，客观数据暗示电子阅读极易催生分心行为。A 消除；B 助长（贬义）；C 围困；D 抵消，encourages 贴合数据给出的客观暗示。 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 普陀二模 27 空 完整句段：To __27__ the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling sweet food, the team ran tests with no food placed inside the maze. 27. A. allow for B. look into C. rule out D. open up 答案：C 【详解】考查实验场景语境暗示。本句场景为科学对照实验，实验操作是迷宫中不放置食物，目的排除视觉、嗅觉干扰因素。A 考虑；B 调查；C 排除；D 开辟，rule out 是实验场景专属固定动作，贴合科研操作暗示。 考向 05 考查词汇词义差异及词组辨析 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 闵行二模 34 空 完整句段：Therefore, by focusing less on appearing hardworking, we can make a lasting __34__ in our environment. 34. A. difference B. plan C. comparison D. promise 答案：A 【详解】考查名词词义 + 固定词组辨析。A difference 差异，固定搭配 make a difference 意为产生影响；B 计划；C 对比；D 承诺。四个单词中文释义接近，但只有 difference 可构成符合本文 “真诚改变群体氛围” 固定短语，其余词组搭配均不成立。 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 宝山二模 35 空 完整句段：Oliver realized that while looking the part was important, having supportive teammates was __35__. 35. A. protective B. invaluable C. cooperative D. ambitious 答案：B 【详解】考查形容词词义细微辨析。A 保护性的；B 无价的、极其珍贵；C 合作的；D 有野心。句子存在让步对比：外表固然重要，但团队支持无比珍贵，invaluable 侧重价值极高，其余词汇无法体现团队支持的核心价值。 考向 06 考查长难句结构分析及固定搭配 例题 1 题源：2025~2026 长宁二模 31 空 完整句段：The AI stethoscope often told patients they could be ____31 heart failure even when they had no illness. 31. A. classifying B. experiencing C. measuring D. controlling 答案：B 【详解】考查句子结构 + 动宾固定搭配。拆分长难句主干：主语 they，宾语 heart failure，空格需要谓语动词搭配疾病。A 分类；B 经历（experience heart failure 患上疾病固定搭配）；C 测量；D 控制。只有 experiencing 可与病症构成标准动宾搭配。 例题 2 题源：2025~2026 杨浦二模 35 空 完整句段：Those teams met indirect challenges in ____35 to the AI-changed team dynamic. 35. A. applying B. objecting C. sticking D. adapting 答案：D 【详解】考查固定介词搭配 + 句式拆分。本句核心固定短语 adapt to 适应；A apply to 适用于；B object to 反对；C stick to 坚持；D adapt to 适应。句子主干为团队难以适应 AI 改变的团队模式，to 为介词，必须匹配 adapting 固定搭配。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题选 （2023年1月·上海高考真题） For the past five years, I've been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus in print. The bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don't intend to (41) _______ or reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading” is nearly always better done in print. Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which (42) _______. My survey research with university students in the United States, Germany, and Japan reveals that if costs are the same, about 90 percent (at least in my sample) (43) _______ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For (44) _______ texts, it's a toss-up. Digital reading also (45) _______ distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy. (The figure for Germany was 98 percent.) In this country, 26 percent indicated they were (46) _______ to multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine struggling with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight. You get the point. Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly (48) _______. I asked what people liked most (and least) about reading in each medium. Common (49) _______ for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier to focus.” When asked what they liked least about reading (50) _______, a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don't absorb as much.” My all-time favorite reply to the question "What is the one thing you (51) _______ about reading in print?" came from an American: "It takes me longer because I read more carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academia was designed to promote? Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The (52) _______ of digital reading for the humanities is that screens—particularly those on devices with Internet connections—undermine our engagement with meaty texts. These (53) _______ weren't designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading. (54) _______, they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming—not scrutinizing. Teachers and scholars must look beyond today's career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities. We need to think more carefully about students' mounting rejection of long-form reading, now (55) _______ by digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry. 41. A. make up B.take on C.hold out D.chew over 42. A.design B. medium C. cover D. content 43.A. prefer B.refer C.offer D.transfer 44. A. lower B. higher C.shorter D. longer 45.A.disarms B.encourages C.encaves D. counteracts 46.A. likely B. orderly C. deadly D. cleanly 47.A.delighting B. satisfying C. struggling D.picnicking 48. A.recommending B. indicating C.recognizing D. revealing 49.A.response B.additions C.solutions D.instruments 50. A. casually B.delicately C. digitally D. instantly 51. A.disadvantage B. dislike C.misjudge D. decolour 52. A.advance B. suspect C.pleasure D. challenge 53. A.vehicles B.services C.devices D. figures 54. A. Accordingly B. Rather C.Thus D. Therefore 55. A.qualified B.terrified C.identified D.intensified 【答案】41.D 42.B 43.A 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.C 48.D 49.A 50.C 51.B 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.D 【导读】本文作者耗时五年对比纸质阅读与电子屏幕阅读的优劣，结合美、德、日三国大学生调查问卷展开论证： 1. 浅读、无需反复研读的内容适合电子阅读；需要深度思考的文本，纸质阅读效果更佳。 2. 数据显示长文本学生几乎全部选择纸质读物，短文本两种媒介选择平分秋色；电子阅读极易让人分心、诱发多任务操作，纸质阅读更容易集中注意力。 3. 问卷反馈：纸质书优势在于可批注、记忆深刻、专注力强；电子阅读弊端是难以沉浸式吸收内容。 4. 电子设备本质是信息检索工具，不适合精读、深度思辨；当下数字技术加剧学生排斥长篇深度阅读的现状，人文学科师生应当重视该难题。 【解析】 41 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然电子设备适合阅读那些我们不打算反复琢磨或者重读的内容。A. make up 编造；弥补；B. take on 承担；接纳；C. hold out 坚持；伸出；D. chew over 仔细研读，反复思索。结合后文核心概念 “deep reading（深度阅读）” 以及并列词 reread（重读），文章区分浅阅读与深度研读，此处表达无需细细琢磨的文字，chew over 符合深度阅读的语境对比。 42 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者自身十分清楚哪类阅读适配哪一种媒介。A. design 设计；B. medium 媒介（信息载体）；C. cover 封面；遮盖物；D. content 内容。全文全程对比两种阅读载体：纸质印刷读物（in print）、电子屏幕读物（on-screen），medium 特指文字阅读的传播载体，贴合文章核心对比对象。 43 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：调查显示，在成本相同的前提下，样本中约 90% 的学生会选择纸质书完成课业。A. prefer 更喜欢；偏好；B. refer 参考；提及；C. offer 主动提供；D. transfer 转移，调动。后文用 90%、92% 两组数据体现学生对纸质读物的偏向，prefer 用来表达数据反映出的主观选择倾向。 44 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果文本篇幅较长，92% 学生会选纸质书；对于短篇文本，两种阅读方式选择人数持平。A. lower 更低的；B. higher 更高的；C. shorter 更短的；D. longer 更长的。前半句出现条件 “If a text is long（长篇文本）”，本句与之形成反向对比，填 long 的反义词 shorter。 45 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：电子阅读还容易滋生分心行为，促使人们同时处理多项事务。A. disarms 消除戒备；解除；B. encourages 助长，诱发；C. encaves 围困（生僻词，不符合语境）；D. counteracts 抵消，阻碍。并列连词 and 连接两个负面结果 distraction（分心）、multitasking（多任务操作），电子设备会诱发分心行为，encourages 此处含贬义，贴合语境。 46 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仅有 26% 的人表示读纸质书时有可能一心多用，而电子阅读时该比例高达 85%。A. likely 可能的；B. orderly 有序的；C. deadly 致命的；D. cleanly 干净地（副词，语法不匹配）。固定搭配 be likely to do sth. 表示 “有可能做某事”，本句对比两类阅读场景下人们分心的概率，likely 语法、语义均适配。 47 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：试想一边费力研读晦涩难懂的《芬尼根守灵夜》，一边刷社交软件、预订度假航班。A. delighting 使愉悦；B. satisfying 使满足；C. struggling 费力艰难地做；D. picnicking 野餐。《Finnegan's Wake》是公认晦涩难懂的文学作品，struggle with 表示费力攻克难懂文本，凸显多任务干扰下深度阅读的艰难。 48 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：问卷中的几道开放式问题尤其能揭示真实想法。A. recommending 推荐的；B. indicating 指示的；C. recognizing 可识别的；D. revealing 具有启发性，能揭露实情。后文罗列美、德、日三国学生真实阅读感受，这些开放式问题能够揭露大众真实观点，revealing 贴合问卷调研的作用。 49 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们最喜欢纸质阅读的常见回答包括 “我可以在书页上做笔记，更容易记住内容”。A. response 答复，反馈；B. additions 附加内容；C. solutions 解决方案；D. instruments 仪器，工具。前文提到 open-ended questions（开放式问卷问题），后文引号内都是学生给出的问卷答复，response 对应问卷反馈。 50 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当被问及最不喜欢电子阅读的地方时，多名日本学生表示这算不上真正的阅读。A. casually 随意地；B. delicately 精致地；C. digitally 数字化地，通过电子设备；D. instantly 立刻地。全文两大阅读分类为 in print（纸质阅读）、digitally（电子阅读），此处对应前文纸质阅读形成对比。 51 【详解】考查动词 / 词性辨析。句意：你觉得纸质阅读有哪一点是你不喜欢的？A. disadvantage 劣势（名词，无法作谓语）；B. dislike 不喜欢，反感（动词）；C. misjudge 误判；D. decolour 褪色。空格后直接接宾语 reading in print，需要谓语动词，前文分别询问喜好、厌恶之处，dislike 对应负面提问。 52 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于人文学科而言，电子阅读带来一大难题：屏幕会削弱我们对厚重深度文本的沉浸式研读。A. advance 进步；B. suspect 怀疑（动词）；C. pleasure 乐趣；D. challenge 挑战，难题。后文全程阐述电子屏幕不利于深度精读，是人文学科教学中存在的棘手难题，challenge 符合文章批判电子阅读弊端的基调。 53 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些电子设备的设计初衷并非支持专注、慢速的深度阅读。A. vehicles 交通工具；B. services 服务；C. devices 电子设备；D. figures 数字，人物。前文多次出现 digital devices、screens 等关键词，代词 these 指代各类电子阅读设备。 54 【详解】考查逻辑副词辨析。句意：这些设备并非为专注阅读而设计，相反，它们只是信息通讯工具。A. Accordingly 因此；B. Rather 恰恰相反；而是；C. Thus 因此；D. Therefore 所以。前半句否定设备适合精读的属性，后半句转而说明设备的真实定位，前后形成转折纠正关系，rather 用于反转前文观点。 55 【详解】考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：如今数字技术进一步加剧了学生抗拒长篇阅读的趋势。A. qualified 合格的；限制；B. terrified 使恐惧；C. identified 识别；D. intensified 加剧，强化。本句为被动结构，数字技术让学生排斥深度阅读的现象变得更加严重，intensified 表示趋势被加剧。 题组二 名校试题 Passage 1 【来源】上海复旦附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级3月阶段性教学质量评试卷 You are already paying more for food due to global warming, and rising temperature will drive food prices much higher in the next decade. According to a study done 1 the European Central Bank, they find that, by 2035, higher temperature alone will be pushing up worldwide food prices by between 0.9 and 3.2 percent every single year. This will 2 between 0.3 and 1.2 percent to overall inflation. “There is often a sense of shock and surprise at the importance of these 3 ,” says Maximilian Kotz at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, referring to his discussions with economists while doing the study. 4 extreme weather is increasingly affecting production and if farmers don’t adapt, the 5 will come ever more serious as the world continues to heat up. To find out how this is 6 food prices, Kotz and his colleagues compared data on the monthly prices of a range of good and services in 121 countries between 1996 and 2021, 7 the weather conditions those countries were exposed to. The researchers looked for 8 between food prices and factors such as the average monthly temperature, the temperature variability and measures of drought and extreme rainfall. They found a strong link between the average temperature and the food prices a month or so later. In 9 that were north of 40 degrees — the latitude of New York City, Madrid and Beijing — warmer-than-average temperatures during winter led to 10 food prices. But in summer and at all times in the rest of the world, above-average temperatures increased food prices. What’s more, the effects on prices are 11 . “Once the prices have increased on the basis of one of these shocks, they stay higher for at least the rest of the year,” says Kotz. They study didn’t look at why prices rose, but the likely 12 is that extreme heat is reducing yields, he says. His team went further by investing how food prices could change based on average temperature rises in climate model 13 . In the team’s worst-case emissions scenario, global food inflation due to climate change exceed 4 per cent per year by 2060. 14 , many other factors could change by then, so the team regards its predictions for 2035 as more reliable. “We need to be aware of the fact that climate change brings huge new 15 for food and nutrition security.” Says Matin Qaim at the University of Bonn in Germany. 1．A．in confrontation with B．in collaboration with C．in honor of D．with regards to 2．A．add B．amount C．average D．equal 3．A．burdens B．issues C．impacts D．outcomes 4．A．Pollution-induced B．Human-caused C．Warming-fueled D．Economic-driven 5．A．losses B．expenditures C．revenues D．harvests 6．A．maintaining B．regulating C．determining D．altering 7．A．except for B．adding to C．in case of D．along with 8．A．interactions B．correlations C．interferences D．collocations 9．A．nations B．lands C．regions D．societies 10．A．climbing B．worsening C．accelerating D．dipping 11．A．short-sighted B．long-lasting C．short-lived D．long-standing 12．A．prediction B．course C．expression D．explanation 13．A．projection B．stimulation C．evaluation D．conclusion 14．A．Rather B．Moreover C．However D．Therefore 15．A．sources B．strategies C．benefits D．challenges 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】文章主要介绍全球变暖推高食品价格，分析升温对通胀的影响、相关研究发现及未来气候带来的粮食安全难题。 【详解】1．考查固定短语。句意：根据欧洲央行合作开展的一项研究，他们发现，到2035年，仅气温升高这一项因素，每年就会将全球食品价格推高0.9%至3.2%。A. in confrontation with与……对抗；B. in collaboration with与……合作；C. in honor of为纪念……；D. with regards to关于。结合“European Central Bank”和下文“Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research”可知，研究由波茨坦气候影响研究所与欧洲央行合作开展。 2．考查动词。句意：这将为整体通货膨胀增加0.3%至1.2%的幅度。A. add增加；B. amount总计；C. average平均；D. equal等于。根据前文“higher temperature alone will be pushing up worldwide food prices by between 0.9 and 3.2 percent every single year.”可知，此处指加剧通胀、增加通胀数值。 3．考查名词。句意：“人们往往对这些影响的重要性感到震惊和意外，”德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的马克西米利安・科茨表示，他说这番话时，提及了自己在开展这项研究期间与经济学家们的交流。A. burdens负担；B. issues问题；C. impacts影响；D. outcomes结果。结合第一段“You are already paying more for food due to global warming”可知，本文核心为气候变暖对食品价格、通胀的影响。 4．考查形容词。句意：气候变暖引发的极端天气正日益影响农业生产，如果农民不做出适应，随着全球持续升温，损失将会愈发严重。A. Pollution-induced污染引发的；B. Human-caused人为造成的；C. Warming-fueled变暖催生的；D. Economic-driven经济驱动的。根据上文“You are already paying more for food due to global warming, and rising temperature will drive food prices much higher in the next decade.”可知，全文围绕全球变暖展开，由此推测，极端天气由气候变暖引发。 5．考查名词。句意同上。A. losses损失；B. expenditures支出；C. revenues收益；D. harvests收成。根据上文“extreme weather is increasingly affecting production”可知，极端天气影响生产，会造成经济、粮食损失。 6．考查动词。句意：为弄清这一切如何改变食品价格,科茨及其同事对比了1996至2021年间121个国家各类商品与服务的月度价格数据，同时结合了这些国家所遭遇的气象条件。A. maintaining维持；B. regulating调节；C. determining决定；D. altering改变。根据下文“between food prices and factors such as the average monthly temperature, the temperature variability and measures of drought and extreme rainfall.”可知，研究的核心是探究气候变暖对食品价格的改变作用。 7．考查固定短语。句意：研究人员对比了121个国家1996至2021年各类商品服务月度价格数据，同时结合这些国家所经历的天气状况。A. except for除了；B. adding to增添；C. in case of万一；D. along with连同、伴随。根据下文“the weather conditions those countries were exposed to”以及常识可知，研究需同步参考价格数据和天气数据。 8．考查名词。句意同上。A. interactions相互作用；B. correlations相关性；C. interferences干扰；D. collocations搭配。结合下文“They found a strong link between the average temperature and the food prices a month or so later.”可知，他们研究气温和物价的相关性。 9．考查名词。句意：在北纬40度以北的地区——纽约市、马德里与北京所处的纬度——冬季气温高于均值会造成食品价格小幅下跌。A. nations国家；B. lands土地；C. regions地区；D. societies社会。根据上文“that were north of 40 degrees”可知，按纬度划分的地理范围是地区。 10．考查形容词。句意同上。A. climbing攀升的；B. worsening恶化的；C. accelerating加速的；D. dipping下降的。根据后文“But in summer and at all times in the rest of the world, above-average temperatures increased food prices.”可知，北纬40度以北冬季升温降价。 11．考查形容词。句意：此外，物价受到的影响具有持久性。A. short-sighted短视的；B. long-lasting持久的；C. short-lived短暂的；D. long-standing长期存在的。根据后文“Once the prices have increased on the basis of one of these shocks, they stay higher for at least the rest of the year”可知，物价受影响的时间持续较长。 12．考查名词。句意：该研究未探究涨价原因，但合理的解释是极端高温降低了粮食产量，他说。A. prediction预测；B. course过程；C. expression表达；D. explanation解释。根据下文“that extreme heat is reducing yields”可知，这可能是物价上涨的合理解释，即原因。 13．考查名词。句意：他的团队进一步研究了气候模型预测中，平均气温上升会如何改变食品价格。A. projection预测；B. stimulation刺激；C. evaluation评估；D. conclusion结论。根据下文“ In the team’s worst-case emissions scenario, global food inflation due to climate change exceed 4 per cent per year by 2060.”可知，此处是指气候模型预测。 14．考查副词。句意：然而，届时诸多其他因素可能发生变化，因此团队认为2035年的预测更为可靠。A. Rather相反；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。前文预测2060年通胀涨幅，本句转折说明远期预测不确定性大，用however连接。 15．考查名词。句意：“我们需要意识到，气候变化给粮食和营养安全带来了全新的巨大挑战。”德国波恩大学的马丁・凯姆说道。A. sources来源；B. strategies策略；C. benefits益处；D. challenges挑战。结合上文提到气候变暖推高粮价、影响粮食生产可知，这是粮食安全的重大挑战。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 At a recent gardening conference, a speaker gestured toward a slide of a rather worn-looking station wagon (旅行车) and asked how many plants it might contain. The answer, 16 , was thousands. Inside were young, leafless trees and plant roots, all carefully packed in boxes and ready for replanting. This quiet scene points to a 17 that is steadily gaining attention: the use of “bare root” plants. Bare-root plants are lifted from the ground during their resting season, with their top growth cut back and their roots washed clean. Stored in cool conditions, with roots kept damp and protected, they can later be 18 and planted with relative ease. What makes this method increasingly appealing is not only its practicality but also how well it 19 a more thoughtful, low-waste approach to gardening. The 20 begins with cost. Gardening is widely perceived as a(n) 21 hobby, and the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage. Yet the benefits extend far beyond 22 . These plants often establish more quickly once planted, adapting well to their new environment. At the same time, their environmental footprint is notably lighter. Without the need for large pots or compost (堆肥), transport becomes more efficient, and the energy required for heating and watering during growth is 23 . Designers working on large projects have begun to explore this method, though not without 24 . While bare-root planting can be highly efficient, it may introduce uncertainty in complex layouts where precise positioning is essential. 25 , successful examples demonstrate its potential. In one large-scale planting, thousands of plants were introduced without plastic, resulting in a process that proved both quicker and more efficient, particularly for species with strong root systems. The growing interest in bare-root plants also reflects a broader shift in 26 . For decades, many gardeners have relied on potted plants from garden centres, a system that often carries hidden 27 costs. In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles. Because these plants must be handled and planted within specific seasonal windows, gardeners are encouraged to plan more carefully and work in harmony with the rhythms of 28 . Rather than being simply an alternative technique, bare-root planting suggests a different way of 29 gardening. With its combination of economy, 30 , and environmental awareness, it offers a quieter, less wasteful approach — one that may gradually reshape everyday gardening practices. 16．A．seriously B．personally C．gradually D．surprisingly 17．A．variation B．practice C．concept D．development 18．A．detected B．generated C．transported D．measured 19．A．limits B．replaces C．tests D．fits 20．A．appeal B．challenge C．discussion D．focus 21．A．rewarding B．memorable C．intense D．expensive 22．A．appearance B．flexibility C．affordability D．usefulness 23．A．reduced B．directed C．boosted D．maintained 24．A．preparation B．delay C．hesitation D．assistance 25．A．By contrast B．Even so C．In addition D．Till now 26．A．framework B．criteria C．perspective D．quantity 27．A．unnecessary B．environmental C．short-term D．economic 28．A．nature B．gardening C．change D．soil 29．A．making up B．depending on C．taking over D．thinking about 30．A．efficiency B．encouragement C．innovation D．transplant 【答案】 16．D 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．A 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．A 【原文】文章主要介绍了“裸根植物”的种植方法、优势（成本低、环保、适应性强）及其反映的园艺理念转变。 【详解】16．考查副词。句意：答案令人惊讶地是数千株。A. seriously严肃地；B. personally亲自地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据前文“a speaker gestured toward a slide of a rather worn-looking station wagon (旅行车) and asked how many plants it might contain.”可知，“一辆破旧的旅行车能装多少植物”的问题，以及后文“数千株”的数量反差可知，答案令人惊讶。 17．考查名词。句意：这个安静的场景指向一个日益受到关注的“做法”：使用“裸根植物”。A. variation变化；B. practice做法、惯例；C. concept概念；D. development发展。根据后文“that is steadily gaining attention: the use of “bare root” plants”以及具体描述“裸根植物”的操作流程可知，是一种实际的“做法”，而非抽象概念。 18．考查动词。句意：储存在凉爽环境中（根部保持湿润和保护）后，它们随后可以被运输并相对轻松地种植。A. detected检测；B. generated产生；C. transported运输；D. measured测量。根据前文“stored in cool conditions”和后文“planted”可知，储存后需先“运输”再种植。 19．考查动词。句意：这种方法越来越有吸引力的原因，不仅在于其实用性，还在于它非常适合更周到、低浪费的园艺方式。A. limits限制；B. replaces取代；C. tests测试；D. fits适合。后文“low-waste approach”与裸根植物“无需花盆、减少运输能耗”的特点匹配。 20．考查名词。句意：吸引力始于成本。A. appeal吸引力；B. challenge挑战；C. discussion讨论；D. focus焦点。后文“cost”，“lower price”以及“benefits”均围绕裸根植物的“吸引力”展开。 21．考查形容词。句意：园艺被广泛认为是一项昂贵的爱好，而裸根植物显著更低的价格提供了直接优势。A. rewarding有回报的；B. memorable难忘的；C. intense强烈的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据后文“the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage”可知，对比而言传统园艺成本高。 22．考查名词。句意：然而，好处远不止于经济性。A. appearance外观；B. flexibility灵活性；C. affordability经济性、可负担性；D. usefulness有用性。前文“the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage”讲“成本低”（affordability），后文“These plants often establish more quickly once planted, adapting well to their new environment.”讲“适应环境快、环保”，说明好处不止于“省钱”。 23．考查动词。句意：运输更高效，生长期供暖和浇水的能源需求也减少了。A. reduced减少；B. directed指导；C. boosted促进；D. maintained维持。根据前文“At the same time, their environmental footprint is notably lighter”可知，能源消耗“减少”。 24．考查名词。句意：从事大型项目的设计师已开始探索这种方法，尽管并非没有犹豫。A. preparation准备；B. delay延迟；C. hesitation犹豫；D. assistance帮助。后文“While bare-root planting can be highly efficient, it may introduce uncertainty in complex layouts where precise positioning is essential.”可知，设计师对这种方法有顾虑。 25．考查副词短语。句意：即便如此，成功的例子证明了它的潜力。A. By contrast相比之下；B. Even so即便如此；C. In addition此外；D. Till now至今。前文“it may introduce uncertainty”讲“不确定性”，后文“successful examples demonstrate its potential”讲“成功案例”，为让步转折关系。 26．考查名词。句意：对裸根植物日益增长的兴趣也反映了园艺视角的更广泛转变。A. framework框架；B. criteria标准；C. perspective视角、观念；D. quantity数量。根据后文“For decades, many gardeners have relied on potted plants from garden centres, a system that often carries hidden ____ costs. In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles.”可知，后文对比“依赖盆栽”和“顺应自然周期”，是园艺“观念”的转变。 27．考查形容词。句意：这一体系往往带来隐藏的环境成本。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. environmental环境的；C. short-term短期的；D. economic经济的。根据后文“In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles. Because these plants must be handled and planted within specific seasonal windows, gardeners are encouraged to plan more carefully and work in harmony with the rhythms of ____.”对比中提到裸根植物环保优势，此处指盆栽系统有隐藏的环境成本。 28．考查名词。句意：因为这些植物必须在特定的季节性窗口内处理和种植，园丁们被鼓励更仔细地规划，并与自然的节奏和谐共处。A. nature自然；B. gardening园艺；C. change变化；D. soil土壤。前文“seasonal windows(季节性窗口)”和“rhythms(节奏)”均指“自然规律”。 29．考查动词短语。句意：裸根种植不仅仅是一种替代技术，它还暗示了一种思考园艺的不同方式。A. making up组成；B. depending on依赖；C. taking over接管；D. thinking about思考。后文“economy, ____, and environmental awareness”是对园艺的“思考方式”。 30．考查名词。句意：凭借其经济性、效率和环保意识的结合，它提供了一种更安静、更少浪费的方式。A. efficiency效率；B. encouragement鼓励；C. innovation创新；D. transplant移植。前文提到“transport becomes more efficient”和“quicker and more efficient”，此处概括优势，应为 efficiency，与economy和environmental awareness并列。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市延安中学2025-2026学年3月第二学期高三英语练习卷 Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 31 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 32 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 33 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 34 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 35 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 36 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 37 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 38 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 39 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 40 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 41 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 42 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 43 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 44 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   45 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 31．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 32．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 33．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 34．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 35．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 36．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 37．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 38．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 39．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 40．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 41．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 42．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 43．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 44．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 45．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing 【答案】 31．B 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．D 38．A 39．A 40．B 41．C 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了手写对于阅读和大脑发育的重要性，并与打字进行了对比，指出手写有助于大脑建立阅读所需的神经连接并探讨了手写字体类型对阅读学习的影响。 【详解】31．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：我们的大脑通过逐渐加强关键区域之间的联系来学会阅读：那些识别字母视觉形态的区域、那些告诉我们单词发音以及如何实际说出它的区域，等等。 A. occasionally偶尔；B. physically身体上地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. instinctively本能地。根据上文“recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like”可知，上下文提及阅读时控制身体运动的皮层激活，physically(身体上地)符合“如何说”与身体动作相关的语境。故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：手写有助于形成这些大脑连接。A. structures结构；B. connections连接；C. processes过程；D. functions功能。根据上文“We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas”可知，前文提及增强大脑关键区域间的关联，此处手写正是助力形成这类大脑连接。故选B。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们阅读时，这些相同的区域会被激活——这表明我们在阅读单词时，基本上会在脑海中书写这些单词。A. write写；B. coin创造；C. recite背诵；D. read阅读。根据上文“When we read, those same areas are activated”可知，此处是说在阅读的过程中会产生脑海中书写的行为。故选D。 34．考查连词短语辨析。句意：印第安纳大学伯明顿分校的卡琳·詹姆斯发现，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，而非通过打字或描摹。A. rather than而不是；B. as well as也；C. such as例如；D. or else否则。根据上文“by writing them”和后文“by typing or tracing”可知，手写方式效果更好，与打字、描摹形成对比。故选A。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯还发现，成年人在阅读时大脑中活跃的一些区域，在孩子们看着他们通过手写练习学会的字母时也会变得活跃——但在那些通过打字学习字母的孩子身上则不会。A. listening to听；B. depending on依赖；C. looking at看；D. thinking of想到。上文“young children can recognise new letters more readily”提到，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，此处指儿童在看通过手写练习学会的字母时，大脑区域会被激活，故选C。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是手写重要性的有力证据，但詹姆斯提醒道，成年人使用特定的神经回路进行阅读，并不一定意味着这是唯一有效的书写方式。A. requires要求；B. decides决定；C. foresees预见；D. cautions提醒、告诫。根据下文“just because adults use certain circuitry to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work”可知，这是詹姆斯给出的提醒和客观看法。故选D。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们的大脑显然具有适应性，也许直接开始打字也没问题——为此你需要一个完全不同的脑网络，并通过那种方式学习阅读。我们目前还不清楚。”A. similar相似的；B. different不同的；C. delicate精致的；D. adaptable有适应性的。根据下文“It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way”可知，大脑可以适应打字所需的不同神经网络，体现出适应性。故选D。          38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，就目前而言，大多数研究表明，手写起着至关重要的作用。A. critical至关重要的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. increased增加的。根据下文“those who wrote out the letters remembered them better three weeks later”可知，此处指手写起着至关重要的作用。故选A。 39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：法国艾克斯-马赛大学的玛丽克·朗坎普发现，当成年人通过手写或打字学习基于孟加拉语和古吉拉特语字母的陌生字符时，那些写出这些字母的人在三周后对字符的记忆效果更好。A. wrote out写出；B. responded to回应；C. typed in输入；D. pointed at指向。上文“handwriting has a(n) ________ role to play”提到手写扮演者重要作用，此处对比“writing”和“typing”，应是手写写出字母的人记忆效果更好。故选A。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：部分问题在于，打字并不能像手写那样在我们心中植入对字符或字母形式的相同理解。A. trust信任；B. implant植入；C. spend花费；D. invest投资。根据下文“in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand”可知，此处指打字无法像手写那样在脑中“植入”相同理解。故选B。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说：“如果你只给孩子看一个标准的A，他们无法理解另一种形式的A也是同一个字母。”A. example例子；B. equivalent等价物；C. form形式；D. method方法。根据下文“cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms”可知，此处指字母的不同形式。故选C。 42．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，孩子（以及许多成年人）写字时那种潦草、不规整的方式，可能有助于他们适应各种各样的字体和字母形式。A. as a result结果；B. in a word总之；C. by contrast相比之下；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another________of an A is the same thing.”和下文“The messy and inconsistent way”和“may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces”可知，只看标准字母孩子无法理解其他形式，而潦草书写能带来不同效果可知，此处形成对比。故选C。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，手写是学习阅读的重要组成部分——但手写的类型有影响吗？A. history历史；B. type类型；C. dominance主导地位；D. study学习。根据下文“Some schools have stopped teaching cursive or joined-up writing”可知，此处探讨的是手写的字体类型是否有影响。故选B。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些学校已经停止教授草书或连笔字。A. suggested建议；B. permitted允许；C. practised练习；D. stopped停止。根据下文“In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states”可知，草书未纳入课程，说明学校停止了相关教学。故选D。 45．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：她说：“似乎是亲手创造出字母的任何形式，都会带来这种效果。” A. creation 创造；B. recognition 识别；C. existence 存在；D. typing 打字。 根据上文“writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything”可知，草书并未额外加分，关键是手工创造字母本身。故选 A。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $