内容正文:
Unit 2 Inspiring People完整知识点汇总
一、核心单词拓展(词性变形、搭配、辨析)
(一)基础核心词+词形转换
1. admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v. 钦佩;赞赏
- 搭配:admire sb. (for sth.) 因某事钦佩某人;admire sb. for doing sth.
- 拓展:admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
- 例句:We admire Miss Green for her knowledge.
2. drop /drɒp/ v. 停止;终止;放弃;落下
- 变形:过去式/过去分词 dropped;现在分词 dropping
- 短语:drop out (of sth.) 辍学;退出
- 例句:She decided to drop out of the football game.
3. British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/
① adj. 英国的;英国人的;英式英语
② n. 英国人(复数同形,不加-s)
- 名词:Britain n. 英国
4. wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的;负伤的
- 搭配:the wounded (集合名词) 伤员;a wounded soldier 受伤的士兵
5. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展;壮大;培养
- 变形:
developed adj. 发达的 → a developed country
developing adj. 发展中的 → a developing country
development n. 发展
- 短语:develop your mind and body 身心发展
6. create /kriˈeɪt/ v. 创造;创作
- 变形:creative adj. 有创造力的;creator n. 创造者;creation n. 创作;作品
- 例句:Labour can create wealth.
7. balance /ˈbæləns/
① n. 平衡
短语:keep in balance 保持平衡;out of balance 失去平衡
② v. 使保持平衡
搭配:balance sth. on sth. 把某物放在某物上保持平衡
- 拓展:balanced adj. 均衡的 → a balanced diet 均衡饮食
8. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. [U]勇气;勇敢
- 搭配:have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事;lose courage 失去勇气;take courage from sth. 从某事中鼓起勇气
9. wise /waɪz/ adj. 明智的;智慧的
- 比较级wiser;最高级wisest;副词 wisely
- 名词 wisdom n. 智慧(wise + 后缀-dom)
10. brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的
- 比较级braver;最高级bravest;副词 bravely
- 拓展:It’s brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很勇敢
11. live
① /laɪv/ adj. 现场直播的;实况的 → a live broadcast
② /lɪv/ v. 居住;生活;生存
短语:live in/at + 地点 居住在……
拓展短语:live on 继续存在;继续活着
12. look up to 钦佩;仰慕(=admire)
- 拓展同类短语:look for 寻找;look after 照顾;look up (in dictionary) 查阅;look down on/upon 瞧不起;look forward to (doing) 期待
13. big /bɪɡ/ adv.【口语】大大地;给人深刻印象
短语:think big 胸怀大志;have big ideas 有远大抱负
14. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的
短语:It’s important (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事很重要
名词 importance n. 重要性
15. keep /kiːp/ v. 保持;持续
三大核心搭配
1. keep doing sth. 持续不断反复做某事
2. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
3. keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
16. western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的;西部的
- 变形:east→eastern;south→southern;north→northern
- 专有名词 the Western world 西方世界(首字母大写)
17. seem /siːm/ v. 好像;似乎;看来
三种基础结构:
1. seem + (to be) + 形容词/名词;Tom seems (to be) clever.
2. seem to do sth. 似乎做某事
3. It seems that + 从句 好像……
4. It seems as if… 看起来仿佛……
18. in order to 目的是;为了
- 后接动词原形;否定形式 in order not to do
- 可与 so as to 互换,可置于句首或句中;in order that / so that 后接完整从句
19. dream
① n. 梦;梦想 [C]
短语:dream of/about (doing) sth. 梦想做某事
辨析:
come true(主语只能是梦想,人不能作主语)
achieve(主语是人,achieve one’s dream 实现梦想)
✅ My dream came true. ✅ I achieved my dream.
20. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的
句型:It’s necessary for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是必要的
拓展:反义词 unnecessary;副词 necessarily
21. advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n. [U]建议;劝告(不可数!)
数量表达:a piece of advice;two pieces of advice
搭配:give sb. some advice on… 给某人关于……的建议;ask sb. for advice 向某人征求建议
动词 advise v. 建议;advise sb. to do sth.
22. practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习
核心考点:practise doing sth. 练习做某事
23. whole /həʊl/ adj. 整个的;all & whole辨析
whole:置于冠词/物主代词之后 the whole family
all:置于冠词/物主代词之前 all the family
24. include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包括;包含
辨析:
include 动词,作谓语;
including 介词,后接名词/代词;放在列举内容前
The class offers many lessons, including swimming.
25. spread /spred/ v. 传播;散布;展开
变形:过去式、过去分词同形 spread
短语:the spread of ……的传播
26. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上)的
名词 science 科学;scientist 科学家;副词 scientifically
27. be born 出生
1. 时态固定使用一般过去时 was/were born,不能用原形
2. 搭配:be born in + 年份/月份/大地点;be born on + 具体日期
3. 拓展:be born with… 天生具有……
28. make sure 确保;查明
结构:① make sure + that 从句;② make sure of (doing) sth.
29. become /be interested in… 对……感兴趣
同义:take/show an interest in…
30. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ n. 焦点;中心
短语:the focus of ……的焦点;the focus of public attention 公众关注焦点
31. enough /ɪˈnʌf/ adj./adv. 足够的/地
语法规则:enough 修饰名词放前面;修饰形容词/副词放后面
enough + 名词;形容词/副词 + enough
例句:big enough;enough chairs
32. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索;勘探
变形:explorer n. 探索者;探险家;exploration n. 探索;勘探
短语:explore the old town 探索古镇
33. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集;搜集
变形:collector n. 收集者;收藏家;collection n. 收藏品;收集物
短语:a large collection of 一大批……收藏品
34. share /ʃeə/ v. 分享;共用;分担
搭配:share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
变形:shared adj. 共有的;共享的
拓展:a shared room 共用房间;share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦
35. kind /kaɪnd/ adj. 友善的
变形:kindness n. [U]善良;kindly adv. 体贴地、友好地
名词后缀规律:happy→happiness;sad→sadness;good→goodness
(二)学科与人职业变形
1. chemistry 化学 — chemist 化学家
2. physics 物理 — physicist 物理学家
3. history 历史 — historian 历史学家
4. biology 生物 — biologist 生物学家
(三)方位词变形
east / south / west / north
eastern / southern / western / northern adj. 东方/南方/西方/北方的
the Western world 西方世界(大写)
二、重点短语、句型与动词辨析
(一)人物评价类
1. look up to sb. 仰慕,钦佩某人(=admire sb.)
2. admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
3. think big 胸怀大志
4. above all 最重要的是;首先(可放句首、句中)
(二)动作行为短语
1. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
2. drop out of school 辍学
3. work on 致力于;从事
4. train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
5. make a difference 产生影响,发挥作用
6. leave behind 遗留;留下
7. focus on 专注于
8. be full of 充满
9. be born with 天生具有
10. stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
11. dream of / about doing sth. 梦想做某事
12. live on 继续存在;继续活着;以……为食
13. find out 查明;弄清(强调调查得出结果)
look for 寻找(强调寻找动作)
14. had better (’d better) do sth. 最好做某事;had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事
⚠ 后面必须接动词原形,无人称、时态变化
15. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事;avoid making mistakes 避免犯错
⚠ avoid 后面只能接动词-ing形式,不能接不定式
16. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
(三)动词高频辨析
1. spend /cost /pay /take 辨析(四花费)
单词
结构
spend
sb. spend 时间 / 金钱 (in) doing sth. /on sth.
pay
sb. pay (sb.) money for sth.
cost
sth. cost sb. money(主语为事物)
take
It takes sb. 时间 to do sth.(it 形式主语)
2. win & beat
win:宾语为比赛、奖项,不及物动词
beat:宾语为对手、人
例句:win the game;beat other runners
3. find out & look for
look for:强调寻找的动作
find out:强调经过调查、查询查明、弄清结果
4. provide & offer
provide
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
offer
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 主动向某人提供某物
5. because & because of
because + 完整句子(连词,引导原因状语从句)
because of + 名词 / 代词 / v.-ing(介词短语)
6. when & while
when:后可接短暂性动词、延续性动词;从句动作可与主句先后发生或同时发生
while:只接延续性动词,强调主从句动作同时进行;常用进行时态
7. leave behind
两层含义:①留下;遗忘 ②遗留
leave sth. behind 落下某物;不要携带某物
(四)连词与句型
1. whether 连词 是否
① 用于选择、不确定语境,引导宾语从句,口语中可用if替换
I don’t know whether/if he noticed what I said.
② whether or not 固定搭配,不可用if替换
Whether you help me or not, I can finish the work on time.
三、核心语法考点
(一)It 作形式主语(必考区分 of / for)
1. It’s + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.
形容词形容人品质:brave, wise, kind, careless
例:It’s brave of him to save the child.
2. It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.
形容词描述事情难易、重要性:important, necessary, difficult
例:It’s important for us to study hard.
配套句型:It’s necessary for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是必要的
(二)让步状语从句 though / even though
1. 含义:虽然,尽管
2. 关键规则:从句有 though / even though,主句**不能加but**
例句:Even though he was tired, he kept working.
(三)现在分词 v.-ing 作伴随状语
主句主语同时发出两个动作,次要动作变形为doing,表伴随状态
例句:The scientist walked out, holding his new report.
(四)-ing形容词 与 -ed形容词 完整区分
1. -ing:令人……的,修饰事物、inspiring people(鼓舞他人的人)
boring, exciting, inspiring, surprising
2. -ed:感到……的,修饰人的主观感受
bored, excited, inspired, surprised
口诀:物用-ing,人用-ed;描述人带给别人感受用-ing
(五)be born 固定用法
1. 时态只能用一般过去时:was / were born
2. 介词搭配:
be born in + 年份/月份/大地点
be born on + 具体日期
(六)one of + 最高级 + 复数名词
含义:最……之一
语法要点:
① of 后面名词必须使用复数;
② “one of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词**使用单数**
例句:Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world.
(七)enough位置规则
enough 修饰名词放前面 enough food
enough 修饰形容词、副词放后面 tall enough
四、易混易错总结
1. advice 不可数名词,无advices;动词advise搭配advise sb. to do
2. friendly, lovely, lonely 以-ly结尾,属于形容词,不能修饰动词
3. very / quite / too 程度副词放在形容词前面,不可后置
4. next / this / last / every 修饰时间词,不加介词on/in/at
5. never / seldom 本身含否定含义,不与not连用
6. avoid、practise 后只能接doing,不接to do不定式
7. had better 后面只能跟动词原形,无to
五、单元写作万能句型(人物介绍作文专用)
1. We admire him for his courage and hard work.
我们钦佩他的勇气与勤奋。
2. It’s brave of her to keep trying when she failed.
失败后仍坚持尝试,她十分勇敢。
3. In order to realize our dreams, we shouldn’t give up easily.
为了实现梦想,我们不应轻易放弃。
4. Nothing can stop us from chasing our dreams.
没有什么能阻挡我们追逐梦想。
5. He is an inspiring person who makes a great difference to the world.
他是一位鼓舞人心的人,为世界做出了巨大贡献。
6. Many people look up to him because of his efforts.
很多人因为他的付出而仰慕他。
7. We should learn to share joys and sorrows with our friends.
我们应当学会和朋友同甘共苦。
六、单元核心人物素材补充
单元核心人物:袁隆平、居里夫人、屠呦呦、司马迁、钱学森、南丁格尔
描述通用词汇:hard-working, creative, wise, brave, persistent, inspiring, kind
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