2025-2026学年高一英语下学期人教版选择性必修第一册 Unit1 People of Achievement 高一升高二暑假作业18

**基本信息** 聚焦词汇-语法-阅读三维整合，通过双向词汇互译、语法核心解析与高考真题迁移、阅读题型分类解法，构建系统性语言能力训练体系。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇|英译汉34题+汉译英31题+词块14个|双向互译强化记忆，词块整合提升语境运用|从单词到词块，夯实语言基础，服务语法与阅读理解| |语法|核心解析+10道高考真题|提炼非限制性定语从句“补充性、标点分隔、引导词限制”三大特点及三类用法（指代名词/主句/时间地点）|理论解析→真题应用，实现语法知识向解题能力迁移| |阅读|2篇（A篇UNICEF/ B篇微塑料）8题|细节题定位原文、猜测题上下文推断、推理题段落主旨关联、主旨题核心脉络提炼|综合运用词汇语法，提升信息获取与思维分析能力，培育文化意识与思维品质|

作业18. 选择性必修一 Unit 1 (2) I. 英译汉Unit 1 (2) 1. flow n. vi. _________________ 2. chart n. vt. ________________ 3. flow chart _______________ 4. found vt. ________________ 5. infer vt. ________________ 6. politician n. _________________ 7. numerous adj. __________________ 8. theory n. ______________ 9. relativity n. __________________ 10. formula n. ______________ 11. genius n. (pl. geniuses) ________ 12. gentle adj. __________________ 13. patent n. adj. ______________ 14. passion n. ______________ 15. doctorate n. ____________ 16. extraordinary adj. _________________ 17. gradually adv __________________ 18. photoelectric adj. __________ 19. come to power ____________ 20. institution n. ______________ 21. institute n. __________________ 22. consequence n. ______________ 23. take up a position _______________ 24. moustache n. _____________ 25. peculiarity n. __________ 26. encounter vt. n _____________ 27. professor n. _____________ 28. mourn vt. &. vi. ______________ 29. brilliant adj. ___________________ 30. remarkable adj. ______________ 31. device n. __________________ 32. sum vi. n __________________ 33. sum up _______________ 34. draft n vt. ________________ 35. Nobel Prize _____________ II. 汉译英Unit 1 (2) 1. 2. ______________ n. /vi. 流；流动 3. ________________ n. /vt. 图表； 4. ________________ 流程图 5. __________ vt. 创建；建立 6. __________ vt. 推断；推定 7. _________________ n.政治家；政客 8. ________________ adj. 众多的 9. ____________ n. 理论；学说 10. ________________ n. 相对性； 11. ______________ n. 公式；方程 12. ____________ n. (pl. geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋 13. ____________ adj. 温柔的 14. __________ n. /adj. 专利 15. ______________ n. 酷爱；激情 16. ________________ adj. 不一般的；非凡的 17. __________________ adv. 逐渐地 18. ________________ （开始）掌权；上台 19. ________________ n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 20. __________________ n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 21. ________________ n. 结果 22. ________________担任；任职 23. __________________ n. 上唇的胡子； 24. __________________vt. /n. 偶然遇到 25. __________________ n. 教授 26. __________ vt. ＆. vi. 哀悼；忧伤 27. _______________adj. 聪颖的 28. _________________ adv. 非凡的 29. ____________ n. 方法；装置；仪器 30. ____________ vi. /n. 总结； 金额 31. __________________ 总结；概括 32. __________ n. /vt. 草稿；草拟 Ⅲ. 词块认读。 1. 2. under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不 3. a flow chart 一个流程表 4. found an institute 成立一个学院 5. the Theory of Relativity 相对论 6. numerous politicians 许多政治家 7. gradually come to power 逐渐掌权 8. encounter an extraordinary professor 偶遇一个非同寻常的教授 9. a gentle genius 一个温和的天才 10. as a consequence 作为结果 11. have a passion for knowledge 热爱知识 12. take up a position 任职 13. to sum up 总的说来 14. a novel device 一个新颖的方法 15. apply for a patent 申请一个专利 IV. 单元语法----非限制性定语从句 核心解析 非限定性定语从句是英语中用于对先行词(名词/代词)或整个主句进行补充说明的从句，它不限制先行词的范围，即使省略也不会影响主句的核心意思，通常用逗号与主句分隔。 一、核心特点 1.补充性：仅对先行词/主句做额外解释，不改变主句核心语义。 例：The book,which I bought yesterday,is very interesting.(这本书，我昨天买的，很有趣。)→去掉从句后，“这本书很有趣”的核心意思不变。 2.标点分隔：与主句用逗号隔开(从句在句首或句尾时，仅一侧有逗号；在句中时，前后均有逗号)。 3.引导词限制：不能用that引导，常用which/who/whom/whose(指人/物)、as(指代整个主句)、when/where(时间/地点状语)等。 二、常见用法与例句 1.指代具体名词(人物) 指人：My teacher,who is very patient,always helps us.(我的老师非常耐心，总是帮助我们。) 指物：The house,which has a big garden,is for sale.(这栋带大花园的房子正在出售。) 2.指代整个主句 用which或as(可位于句首)引导，对主句内容进行总结、评价或补充： He failed the exam,which surprised everyone.(他考试不及格，这让所有人都很惊讶。) As is known to all,smoking is harmful to health.(众所周知，吸烟有害健康。) 3.关系副词引导(时间/地点) 时间: I’ll meet you at 3 PM, when I'll be free.(我下午3点见你，那时我有空。) 地点: They went to Paris, where they visited the Eiffel Tower.(他们去了巴黎，参观了埃菲尔铁塔。) 高考真题练习 1. Dajis evolved from the folk custom of trading goods, ____________ can be traced back to the Han Dynasty . 2. We move on to tai chi positions, of __________ there are 42 in the style that Angela teaches. 3. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,  ____________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 4. I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,   ______    bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and    _______    (center) heating doesn’t exist.  5. Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu,   ______    is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an international character to Stratford -upon -Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown. 6. Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 7. Tinniswood, ________________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 8. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 9. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 10. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ______________ thousands were attending a water conference. V. 阅读理解。 A. I used to be upset by a sense of helplessness when watching television and reading about the indescribable suffering of the developing world’s children and their mothers. If I feel less helpless today, it’s because I have seen what can be done and what is being done by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), by governments and, most of all, by people themselves. The effect of the huge burden of debt (债务) has made the poor even poorer and has fallen most heavily on mothers and children. We must do more about the alarming state in which the children in the developing world are only just surviving. This is especially true when we consider that the amount of money required is very small compared to the global spending. In fact, less than half of one percent of today’s world economy would be enough to remove the worst parts of poverty (贫困) and meet basic human needs over the next 10 years. In other words, there is no deficit in human resources. The deficit is in human will. But there are organizations that do act on that will. I have known UNICEF for a long time. I was one of the tens of thousands of children in war-stricken Europe to receive aid from UNICEF immediately after our liberation (解放), and we were reduced to near total poverty, as is the developing world today. It is poverty that is at the root of all their suffering — not having the means to help themselves, and that is what UNICEF is all about: helping people to help themselves, giving them the aid to develop, and thereby allowing them to become independent and live with self-respect. UNICEF’s business is children, not the workings of the international economy. Children are our most important resource, and our hope for the future. They are too weak to wait for hard times to pass. We must help them now not only to survive, but to hope and perhaps even to dream. 1. According to the passage, what has made the poor even poorer? A. The weight of debt. B. The work of UNICEF. C. The lack of support. D. The ignorance of society. 2. What does the underlined word “deficit” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Waste. B. Limit. C. Shortage. D. Importance. 3. Why does the author mention her childhood experience in Europe? A. To compare poverty in two regions. B. To explain the author’s trust in UNICEF. C. To prove Europe’s former poor state. D. To describe the hardships of childhood. 4. Which can be the best title for the text? A. UNICEF: Past and Present B. The Power of Human Will C. Poverty: A Global Problem D. Helping Children, Building Hope B Tiny pieces of plastic are an increasingly serious issue. Known as microplastics, they may be from clothing, kitchen tools, personal care products, and countless other everyday objects. Their durability (耐久性) makes them remain in the environment longer, even inside human bodies. According to a new study, a large part of our microplastics may come from drinking water, as wastewater treatment plants are still not effectively removing microplastics. Roughly 9 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced globally since plastic production began, much of which has gradually become ever-smaller pieces without truly breaking down. These small pieces are now widespread in the soil and water around the world. Wastewater treatment plants actually do remove a lot of microplastics, the new study shows, but not enough. “What our systematic study found is that while most wastewater treatment plants greatly reduce microplastic loads, complete removal remains impossible with current technologies,” says senior author Un-Jung Kim, an environmental engineer at the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). “As a result, many microplastics are released back into the environment and these microplastics and other pollutants would exist in very small quantities, but we can be influenced through simple actions like drinking water, doing laundry, or watering plants, leading to potential long-term serious human health impacts.” Without stronger regulation of microplastics, consumers are largely left to face the effects of microplastics on ecology and human health by themselves. Armed with the right information, however, it is possible to greatly cut back on effects. One important point to remember, for example, is that microfibers represent a large part of microplastic pollution, many of which come from clothing made of synthetic (合成的) materials. “While communities must take steps to better find and check for microplastics when testing wastewater and water quality, consumers can already help by choosing to buy clothing and fabrics with less plastic whenever possible, knowing that tiny plastic threads are the most common type of microplastics continually sent out through wastewater,” Kim says. 5. What worries the author most about microplastics? A. Their wide use in kitchen tools. B. Their long-lasting nature and risk. C. Their hard-to-remove characteristic. D. Their completely unknown sources. 6. How do people take in microplastics according to Kim? A. By breathing polluted air. B. By working at water plants. C. By doing simple daily activities. D. By taking them in through skin. 7. What does Kim advise consumers to do? A. To improve wastewater treatment. B. To stop using personal care products. C. To test water quality at home regularly. D. To buy clothing with less plastic material. 8. What is the text mainly about? A. Microplastics in drinking water. B. Health risks from microplastics. C. Microplastic pollution and actions. D. Methods to avoid all microplastics. 作业18. （预习）选择性必修一 Unit 1 (2) I. 英译汉 33. 1. 流；流动 2. 图表； 3. 流程图 4. 创建；建立 5. 推断；推定 6. 政治家；政客 7.众多的 8. 理论；学说9. 相对性 10. 公式；方程 11. 天才；天资；天赋 12. 温柔的13. 专利 14. 酷爱；激情 15. 博士学位 16. 不一般的；非凡的 17. 逐渐地 18. [物]光电的 19. （开始）掌权；上台 20. 社会公共机构；制度 21. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 22. 结果 23. 担任；任职 24. 上唇的胡子； 25. 特性, 特质, 26. 偶然遇到 27. 教授 28. 哀悼；忧伤 29. 聪颖的 30. 非凡的 31. 方法；装置；仪器 32. 总结; 金额 33. 总结；概括 34.草稿；草拟 II. 汉译英 36. 1. flow 2. chart 3. flow chart 4. found 5. infer 6. politician 7. numerous 8. theory 9. relativity 10. formula 11. genius n. (pl. geniuses) 12. gentle 13.patent 14. passion 15. extraordinary 16. gradually 17. come to power 18. institution 19. institute 20. consequence 21. take up a position 22. moustache 23. encounter 24. professor 25. mourn 26. brilliant 27. remarkable 28. device 29. sum 30. sum up 31. draft III. （略） IV. 1. which 2. which 3. which 4. where; central 5. who 6. which 7. who 8. where 9. as 10. where V. 阅读理解 A 篇【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者对发展中国家儿童贫困问题的看法，强调了巨额债务对穷人的影响，指出解决贫困问题的对策并表达了对联合国儿童基金会的信任与赞扬。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The effect of the huge burden of debt (债务) has made the poor even poorer and has fallen most heavily on mothers and children.”可知，是巨额债务的重负让贫困者更加贫困。 2. 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“In fact, less than half of one percent of today’s world economy … in human resources”可知，前文提到资金是足够的，即资源不“缺乏”，可推理出划线词“deficit”意为“缺乏，不足”，与shortage同义。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I have known UNICEF for a long time. … and live with self-respect”可知，作者是得到联合国儿童基金会援助的成千上万名儿童之一，认为联合国儿童基金会能帮助人们实现自助，为他们提供发展援助，从而让他们能够独立，有尊严地生活，可推理出作者提及自己童年在欧洲的经历是为了说明自己很早就认识并了解UNICEF，从而解释作者对UNICEF的信任。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If I feel less helpless today, … by governments and, most of all, by people themselves”以及最后一段“UNICEF’s business is children, … but to hope and perhaps even to dream”可知，全文始终围绕“帮助儿童、为儿童构建希望”这一核心脉络展开，既点明了帮助儿童的必要性，又凸显了助力儿童孕育希望的核心诉求，精准契合“帮助儿童，构建希望”的核心主旨。因此，最佳标题应聚焦“帮助儿童、构建希望”这一核心。 B篇 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 【导语】本文围绕微塑料污染展开，介绍微塑料来源、难降解难彻底清除的特性、人体日常接触带来的长期健康隐患，同时提出政府监管与普通消费者可行的缓解办法。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Their durability (耐久性) makes them remain in the environment longer, even inside human bodies.”以及第四段 “As a result,… leading to potential long-term serious human health impacts.”可知，作者最担忧微塑料持久留存的特性以及随之而来的健康风险。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段“As a result, many microplastics are released back into the environment …leading to potential long-term serious human health impacts.”可知，人们通过日常活动摄入了微塑料。 7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“While communities must take steps to better find and … continually sent out through wastewater”可知，Kim建议消费者购买塑料材质更少的衣物。 8. 主旨大意题。第1段提出微塑料污染问题，点明其耐久性强、易留存于环境和人体；第2-4段说明微塑料来源、污水厂无法完全清除微塑料，日常行为会使人接触微塑料，存在长期健康隐患；第5段指出缺少管控，普通人可通过正确信息减轻微塑料危害；第6段说明微塑料一大来源是合成纤维衣物，分别给出管理方、消费者的解决办法。由此可知，全文既介绍微塑料污染现状与危害，又给出对应的解决行动，因此主旨为微塑料污染与应对措施。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $