做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 13（议论文阅读）任务单-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦议论文阅读高频词汇及真题考点，以“真题再现-核心词汇-词形变换-应用练习-语篇翻译-默写巩固”为逻辑主线，系统整合30个核心词及词形变换、短语搭配等考点，通过问题导向的任务设计（如选词填空、单词填空）引导学生自主构建词汇知识网络，形成从基础理解到综合应用的层次化学习路径。 亮点在于“真题情境诊断+分层能力训练”的自主学习支持，开篇真题阅读题帮助学生直观诊断词汇在语篇中的运用短板，词形变换、选词填空等分层练习针对性提升语言能力，核心单词默写强化记忆策略，培养学习能力。教师可通过学生练习结果精准把握学情，助力个性化复习指导，有效提升备考实效。

高考高频单词 DAY 13（议论文阅读） 板块1 真题再现 Passage 1（2026·北京·高考真题） The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of professionals that we have never had before --- or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. The world has always had influential people, for instance, but only now do we have "Influencer". Similarly, the corporate world has certainly known its fair share of disruption, yet it is only in the last couple of decades that the "Disruptor" has become a recognisable figure in the way we talk about big business. In an earlier era, the Disruptor would have been called an Innovator. Yet while an Innovator creates something new, the Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they create. The Disruptor forces change; the clean-up is somebody else's problem. It's an attitude best summed up as "Move fast and break things." Back in 1929, G. K. Chesterton identified the core problem with moving fast and breaking things through a thought experiment. Imagine there is a fence along a road. Suppose it's been there a long time, and was put there for some purpose. But that purpose is lost over time. To us, now, the fence seems to be nothing but an impediment. Why not remove it? When faced with such a fence, Chesterton thinks the fact that we can't see the point of the fence is why we should not tear it down. Some fences keep foxes out of henhouses, for instance. If you think you can do without the fence because you've never seen a fox, consider if the existence of the fence is precisely why you've never seen one. Importantly, Chesterton is not saying that things can never be reformed. His is a preventive principle rather than an outright prohibition. We could rephrase it like this: understand the wisdom in past decisions before you reject them. If we're too impetuous, we can end up tearing out things we don't yet realise we rely upon. But uncritical devotion to the "way things are done" can also deny us the possibility of better days. What is required, then, is not the fearlessness of the Disruptor, but the humility（谦卑）to stop and ask questions and to know that our own perspective is neither unique nor comprehensive. Disruption can be a force for good. It can also just leave a big mess. We need the ability to work out which messes are worth avoiding --- because however impressively fast you move, some things can't be easily unbroken. 1． Regarding Chesterton's principle, the author is ______. A．supportive B．doubtful C．conflicted D．disappointed 2． What does the word "impetuous" underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Short-sighted. B．Narrow-minded. C．Hot-headed. D．Old-fashioned. 3． What can we infer from this passage about the Disruptor? A．They may clear up other people's mess. B．They are in favour of the preventive principle. C．They preserve more traditions than they break. D．They may create more problems than they solve. 4． What does the author intend to tell us? A．Humility should be a driving force for human progress. B．Innovation should move forward the wheel of tradition. C．Reform should draw from the wellspring of past wisdom. D．Disruption should be given priority in social development. 板块2 核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ n. 专业人士 repackaged /ˌriːˈpækɪdʒd/ adj. 重新包装的 influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有影响力的 instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子，实例 similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ adv. 相似地，同样地 corporate /ˈkɔːpərət/ adj. 公司的，法人的 disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ n. 颠覆，扰乱 decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年 recognisable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ adj. 可识别的，可辨认的 era /ˈɪərə/ n. 时代，纪元 define /dɪˈfaɪn/ vt. 定义，界定 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ vt. 破坏，摧毁 force /fɔːs/ vt. 强迫，强行推动 sum up 总结，概括 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 识别，确定 thought experiment 思想实验 fence /fens/ n. 栅栏，篱笆 impediment /ɪmˈpedɪmənt/ n. 障碍，阻碍 tear down 拆除，拆毁 existence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ n. 存在 precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/ adv. 恰恰，精确地 reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ vt. 改革，革新 preventive /prɪˈventɪv/ adj. 预防性的 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 原则，原理 rephrase /ˌriːˈfreɪz/ vt. 改述，换种说法 reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝，摒弃 impetuous /ɪmˈpetʃuəs/ adj. 冲动的，鲁莽的 end up 最终，到头来 rely upon 依赖，依靠 uncritical /ʌnˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 不加批判的，盲从的 板块3 词形变换 1. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业 —— professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ n. 专业人士 —— professionally /prəˈfeʃənəli/ adv. 专业地 2. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ n./vt. 影响 —— influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有影响力的 3. similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的 —— similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ adv. 相似地 —— similarity /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ n. 相似性 4. corporate /ˈkɔːpərət/ adj. 公司的 —— corporation /ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 公司 5. disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/ vt. 扰乱 —— disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ n. 颠覆 —— disruptive /dɪsˈrʌptɪv/ adj. 颠覆性的 6. recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ vt. 认出 —— recognisable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ adj. 可识别的 —— recognition /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 识别 7. create /kriˈeɪt/ vt. 创造 —— creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造 —— creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的 8. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ vt. 破坏 —— destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 破坏 —— destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的 9. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 识别 —— identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 识别 —— identifiable /aɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbl/ adj. 可识别的 10. exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ vi. 存在 —— existence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ n. 存在 —— existing /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 现存的 11. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ vt. 改革 —— reformation /ˌrefəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 改革 —— reformer /rɪˈfɔːmə(r)/ n. 改革者 12. prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 预防 —— preventive /prɪˈventɪv/ adj. 预防性的 —— prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 预防 板块4 选词填空 第一组（用所给词汇的正确形式填空，每词限用一次） professional repackaged influential instance similarly corporate disruption decade recognisable era 1. The company has ________ its brand image to attract younger consumers. 2. Over the past ________, technology has transformed every aspect of our lives. 3. The ________ world has experienced significant changes due to the rise of digital platforms. 4. Many ________ figures in the tech industry have called for more responsible innovation. 5. For ________, the new generation of entrepreneurs values flexibility over stability. 6. The ________ of the music industry by streaming services has been remarkable. 7. Her voice is instantly ________ from years of listening to her podcasts. 8. We are living in an ________ of rapid technological advancement and social change. 9. He worked as a ________ before starting his own business. 10. ________, other industries have also been affected by these new trends. 第二组（用所给词汇的正确形式填空，每词限用一次） define destroy force sum up identify thought experiment fence impediment tear down existence 11. The philosopher used a ________ to illustrate his point about tradition and change. 12. The old building was ________ to make way for a new shopping centre. 13. The manager tried to ________ the problem as a lack of communication rather than a lack of skill. 14. It is important to ________ the root causes of social issues before proposing solutions. 15. The government ________ change through new policies and regulations. 16. The ________ of the old factory reminded us of the city's industrial past. 17. To ________ his argument, the professor said: "Move fast and break things." 18. Many people view the old ________ as an obstacle to progress, but it actually serves a purpose. 19. The lack of funding is a major ________ to the development of the project. 20. The local residents decided to ________ the wall that blocked their view. 板块5 单词填空 类型一：单句语法填空（用括号内所给词的正确形式填空） 21. The Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they ________ (create). 22. Some fences keep foxes out of ________ (henhouse), and we should not remove them without understanding their purpose. 23. Chesterton's is a ________ (prevent) principle rather than an outright prohibition. 24. If we are too impetuous, we can end up ________ (tear) out things we rely upon. 25. We need the ability ________ (work) out which messes are worth avoiding. 26. ________ (critical) devotion to the "way things are done" can deny us the possibility of better days. 27. The author suggests that ________ (reform) should draw from the wellspring of past wisdom. 28. Some things cannot be easily ________ (unbroken) however fast we move. 29. The ________ (fear) of the Disruptor is not what is required; humility is. 30. Our own perspective is ________ (neither) unique nor comprehensive. 类型二：首字母单词拼写（根据首字母及句意补全单词） 31. The 21st century has created new types of p________ that we have never had before. 32. The Disruptor f________ change, but the clean-up is somebody else's problem. 33. To us, the fence seems to be nothing but an i________. 34. Chesterton identified the core problem through a t________ experiment. 35. If we are too impetuous, we can e________ up tearing out things we rely upon. 36. We should u________ the wisdom in past decisions before we reject them. 37. Disruption can be a force for good, but it can also leave a big m________. 38. We need the ability to w________ out which messes are worth avoiding. 39. The author intends to tell us that reform should draw from the w________ of past wisdom. 40. The Disruptor is a r________ figure in the way we talk about big business. 板块6 语篇翻译（英译汉，核心单词或短语用黑体标出） Passage A The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of professionals that we have never had before --- or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. The world has always had influential people, for instance, but only now do we have "Influencer". Similarly, the corporate world has certainly known its fair share of disruption, yet it is only in the last couple of decades that the "Disruptor" has become a recognisable figure in the way we talk about big business. Passage B In an earlier era, the Disruptor would have been called an Innovator. Yet while an Innovator creates something new, the Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they create. The Disruptor forces change; the clean-up is somebody else's problem. It's an attitude best summed up as "Move fast and break things." Passage C What is required, then, is not the fearlessness of the Disruptor, but the humility to stop and ask questions and to know that our own perspective is neither unique nor comprehensive. Disruption can be a force for good. It can also just leave a big mess. We need the ability to work out which messes are worth avoiding — because however impressively fast you move, some things can't be easily unbroken. 板块7 参考译文 21世纪创造了一系列我们前所未见的新型专业人士——即使不是全新的，至少也是经过重新包装的。例如，世界上一直有有影响力的人，但直到现在才有了"网红"。同样，企业界无疑也经历过相当多的颠覆，但只是在过去几十年里，"颠覆者"才成为我们谈论大企业时的一个可辨识的形象。 在更早的时代，颠覆者会被称作创新者。然而，创新者创造新事物，而颠覆者不仅以其创造的东西来定义，也以其摧毁的东西来定义。颠覆者强行推动变革；收拾残局是别人的问题。这种态度最好地概括为"快速行动，打破常规"。 早在1929年，G·K·切斯特顿通过一个思想实验指出了快速行动和打破常规的核心问题。想象路边有一道栅栏。假设它已经在那里很长时间了，当初是为了某个目的而建的。但那个目的随着时间流逝被遗忘了。对我们来说，现在这道栅栏似乎只是一个障碍。为什么不拆除它呢？ 面对这样的栅栏时，切斯特顿认为，正是因为我们看不到栅栏的意义，我们才不应该拆除它。例如，有些栅栏是为了防止狐狸进入鸡舍。如果你认为自己不需要这道栅栏，因为你从未见过狐狸，那么请考虑一下：这道栅栏的存在是否恰恰就是你从未见过狐狸的原因。 重要的是，切斯特顿并不是说事物永远不能改革。他提出的是一项预防性原则，而不是彻底的禁令。我们可以这样重新表述：在你否定过去的决定之前，先理解其中的智慧。如果我们太过冲动，最终可能会拆除那些我们尚未意识到自己依赖的东西。但不加批判地固守"做事的方式"也会使我们失去更美好日子的可能性。 因此，我们需要的不是颠覆者无所畏惧的精神，而是谦卑地停下来提问，并认识到我们自己的视角既不独特也不全面。颠覆可以是一股向善的力量，但也可能留下一团糟。我们需要有能力判断哪些混乱是值得避免的——因为无论你移动得有多快，有些事情一旦破碎就无法轻易恢复。 板块8 核心单词默写 professional ________ repackaged ________ influential ________ instance ________ similarly ________ corporate ________ disruption ________ decade ________ recognisable ________ era ________ define ________ destroy ________ force ________ sum up ________ identify ________ thought experiment ________ fence ________ impediment ________ tear down ________ existence ________ precisely ________ reform ________ preventive ________ principle ________ rephrase ________ reject ________ impetuous ________ end up ________ rely upon ________ uncritical ________ 【参考答案】 板块1 真题再现 答案 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章介绍了商业领域"颠覆者"这一新角色，借助Chesterton的栅栏思想实验，论述盲目颠覆的弊端，提出变革前应当先理解过往经验蕴含的智慧，倡导以谦卑心态理性创新。 1．推理判断题。根据第五段"Importantly, Chesterton is not saying that things can never be reformed. His is a preventive principle rather than an outright prohibition.(重要的是，Chesterton并不是说事物永远不能改革。他提出的是一种预防性原则，而非彻底禁止变革。)"以及第六段"What is required, then, is not the fearlessness of the Disruptor, but the humility (谦卑) to stop and ask questions and to know that our own perspective is neither unique nor comprehensive.(因此，我们需要的不是颠覆者的无所畏惧，而是停下来思考发问的谦卑之心，明白我们自身的看法既非独一无二，也并非面面俱到。)"可知，作者赞同Chesterton提出的原则。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段"If we're too [impetuous]{.underline}, we can end up tearing out things we don't yet realise we rely upon.(如果我们太过impetuous，最终可能毁掉那些我们尚且没有意识到、却十分依赖的事物。)"可知，如果行事过于冲动草率，我们会毁掉那些自己尚未意识到、却十分依赖的事物，划线词"impetuous"表示"冲动的，鲁莽的"，与C选项"Hot-headed(冲动莽撞的)"含义一致。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段"The Disruptor forces change; the clean-up is somebody else's problem.(颠覆者强行推动变革，收拾残局却是别人的事。)"以及第六段"Disruption can be a force for good. It can also just leave a big mess.(颠覆或许能产生积极作用，但也可能只留下一堆烂摊子。)"可知，颠覆者只管打破现状，后续烂摊子交由别人处理，很可能制造出比解决掉的更多问题。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段"We could rephrase it like this: understand the wisdom in past decisions before you reject them.(我们可以这样概括：在否定过往决策之前，先领会其中蕴含的智慧。)"可知，全文核心观点是进行改革前，先要挖掘、借鉴过去决策中的智慧。 板块4 选词填空 答案 第一组： 1. repackaged 2. decade 3. corporate 4. influential 5. instance 6. disruption 7. recognisable 8. era 9. professional 10. Similarly 第二组： 11. thought experiment 12. destroyed 13. define 14. identify 15. forces 16. existence 17. sum up 18. fence 19. impediment 20. tear down 板块5 单词填空 答案 类型一（单句语法填空）： 1. create 2. henhouses 3. preventive 4. tearing 5. to work 6. Uncritical 7. reform 8. unbroken 9. fearlessness 10. neither 类型二（首字母单词拼写）： 11. professionals 12. forces 13. impediment 14. thought 15. end 16. understand 17. mess 18. work 19. wellspring 20. recognisable 板块6 语篇翻译 答案 Passage A： 21世纪创造了一系列我们前所未见的新型专业人士——即使不是全新的，至少也是经过重新包装的。例如，世界上一直有有影响力的人，但直到现在才有了"网红"。同样，企业界无疑也经历过相当多的颠覆，但只是在过去几十年里，"颠覆者"才成为我们谈论大企业时的一个可识别的 形象。 Passage B： 在更早的 时代，颠覆者会被称作创新者。然而，创新者创造新事物，而颠覆者不仅以其创造的东西来定义，也以其摧毁的东西来定义。颠覆者强行推动 变革；收拾残局是别人的事。这种态度最好地概括为"快速行动，打破常规。" Passage C： 因此，我们需要的不是颠覆者的无所畏惧，而是谦卑地停下来 提问，并认识到我们自己的视角 既不 独特也不全面。颠覆可以是一股向善的力量，但也可能留下一团糟。我们需要能力去判断哪些混乱是值得 避免的——因为无论你移动得多么令人印象深刻地快，有些事情无法轻易恢复。 板块8 核心单词默写 答案 1. 专业人士 2. 重新包装的 3. 有影响力的 4. 例子，实例 5. 相似地，同样地 6. 公司的，法人的 7. 颠覆，扰乱 8. 十年 9. 可识别的，可辨认的 10. 时代，纪元 11. 定义，界定 12. 破坏，摧毁 13. 强迫，强行推动 14. 总结，概括 15. 识别，确定 16. 思想实验 17. 栅栏，篱笆 18. 障碍，阻碍 19. 拆除，拆毁 20. 存在 21. 恰恰，精确地 22. 改革，革新 23. 预防性的 24. 原则，原理 25. 改述，换种说法 26. 拒绝，摒弃 27. 冲动的，鲁莽的 28. 最终，到头来 29. 依赖，依靠 30. 不加批判的，盲从的 $