做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 8（议论文阅读）

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦议论文阅读高频词汇及语用能力，以2018年全国一卷真题为导入，通过核心词汇、词形变换、选词填空、单词填空、语篇翻译等递进模块，构建“词汇理解-词形转换-语境应用-语篇翻译”的完整知识链，引导学生通过任务驱动自主梳理考点，形成系统化词汇网络。 亮点在于强化学语言能力与学习能力，设置分层自测工具，如核心单词默写、词形变换中12组词性转换练习及单词填空的单句语法与首字母拼写双题型，引导学生自主诊断薄弱点。语篇翻译标注核心词汇，助力学生在语境中深化理解，既提升自主复习效率，又为教师提供学情数据，支持因材施教。

高考高频单词 DAY 8（议论文阅读） 板块1 真题再现 Passage 8（2018·全国一卷·高考真题） We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置）well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 板块2 核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 get rid of 摆脱，丢弃 worn /wɔːn/ adj. 用旧的，磨损的 technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术，科技 sight /saɪt/ n. 看见，视野 shiny /ˈʃaɪni/ adj. 闪亮的，发光的 keep using 继续使用 device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备，装置 style /staɪl/ n. 风格，样式 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包 outdated /ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj. 过时的，陈旧的 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗，耗费 figure out 弄清楚，计算出 power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电力，能量 colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ n. 同事，同僚 track /træk/ vt. 追踪，跟踪 throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ prep. 贯穿，遍及 mineral /ˈmɪnərəl/ n. 矿物，矿石 evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ vi. 发展，演变 group /ɡruːp/ vt. 分组，归类 desktop computer 台式电脑 mobile phone 手机 digital camera 数码相机 show up 出现，显现 accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ vt. 积累，积聚 throw out 扔掉，丢弃 analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n. 分析 contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献，促成作用 greenhouse gas 温室气体 on-demand /ˌɒn dɪˈmɑːnd/ adj. 按需的，点播的 板块3 词形变换 1. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 —— environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的 —— environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ adv. 环境上地 2. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗 —— consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗 —— consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/ n. 消费者 3. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ vi. 发展 —— evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 演变 —— evolutionary /ˌiːvəˈluːʃənri/ adj. 演变的 4. accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ vt. 积累 —— accumulation /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃn/ n. 积累 5. analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt. 分析（英式） —— analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n. 分析 —— analyst /ˈænəlɪst/ n. 分析师 6. emit /ɪˈmɪt/ vt. 排放 —— emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 排放物 7. solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决 —— solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决方案 8. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电的 —— electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电力 —— electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. 电子的 9. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ vt. 替代 —— replacement /rɪˈpleɪsmənt/ n. 替代品 10. digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的 —— digitally /ˈdɪdʒɪtəli/ adv. 数字地 11. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ n./adj. 平均（的） —— averagely /ˈævərɪdʒli/ adv. 平均地 12. group /ɡruːp/ n. 组 —— grouping /ˈɡruːpɪŋ/ n. 分组 板块4 选词填空 第一组（用所给词汇的正确形式填空，每词限用一次） get rid of worn technology sight shiny keep using device style environment wallet 1. It is difficult to ________ old habits even when we know they are bad. 2. The ________ of new smartphones always attracts many young people. 3. We should be more concerned about the ________ than about saving money. 4. She bought a new ________ to replace her old, broken phone. 5. The old computer was ________ and no longer worked properly. 6. Modern ________ has made our lives much more convenient. 7. She couldn't bear the ________ of the car accident and turned away. 8. In the ________ of the latest fashion, many people buy new clothes every season. 9. The high cost of living is a heavy burden on people's ________. 10. Some people tend to ________ their old phones even after buying new ones. 第二组（用所给词汇的正确形式填空，每词限用一次） outdated consume figure out power colleague track throughout mineral evolve group 11. The scientists are trying to ________ how much energy these devices use. 12. The ________ of a smartphone is usually measured in watts. 13. The research team ________ the environmental costs of each product. 14. The use of home energy has ________ significantly over the past decades. 15. The students were ________ into four teams for the project. 16. Many ________ are mined from the earth to produce electronic devices. 17. The professor and his ________ published the study in a scientific journal. 18. Old devices ________ much more energy than newer ones that do the same work. 19. ________ technology should be replaced to save energy and protect the environment. 20. The study provides valuable information ________ the life cycle of electronic products. 板块5 单词填空 类型一：单句语法填空（用括号内所给词的正确形式填空） 1. Old devices consume much more energy than the ________ (new) ones. 2. The team tracked the ________ (environment) costs for each product throughout its life. 3. The ________ (analyse) of the data showed that old monitors are the worst devices. 4. More on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets could ________ (cut) energy consumption by 44%. 5. The ________ (average) number of electronic devices per household rose from four to 13. 6. The researchers explored what would happen if consumers ________ (replace) old products with new ones. 7. Old desktop monitors made a great ________ (contribute) to greenhouse gas emissions. 8. The ________ (consume) of electricity by old devices has doubled during the period. 9. The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers ________ (explore) further possibilities. 10. Energy ________ (emit) from old devices is harmful to the environment. 类型二：首字母单词拼写（根据首字母及句意补全单词） 11. The study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of s________. 12. Outdated devices c________ much more energy than newer ones. 13. The researchers t________ the environmental costs of each product throughout its life. 14. Desktop computers and box-set TVs d________ 1992 in the study. 15. Tablets and e-readers s________ up in 2007. 16. As we a________ more devices, we didn't throw out our old ones. 17. Old desktop monitors are the w________ devices in terms of energy consumption. 18. The study suggests that people should s________ using old electronic devices. 19. The researchers explored what would h________ if consumers replaced old products. 20. The team's data only went u________ to 2007. 板块6 语篇翻译（英译汉，核心单词或短语用黑体标出） Passage A We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. Passage B To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Passage C According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 板块7 参考译文 我们可能认为我们是一种一看到闪亮的新东西就会扔掉旧技术的文化，但一项新研究表明，我们会在旧设备过时后很长时间内继续使用它们。这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息，因为这些过时的设备比做同样工作的新设备消耗更多的能源。 为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电力，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的卡莉·巴比特和她的同事们追踪了每种产品在其整个生命周期中的环境成本——从开采矿石到我们停止使用该设备。这种方法提供了自20世纪90年代初以来家庭能源使用如何演变的数据。设备按代分组。台式电脑、基本手机和显像管电视机定义了1992年。数码相机于1997年出现。MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视于2002年进入家庭，随后平板电脑和电子阅读器于2007年出现。 然而，随着我们积累的设备越来越多，我们并没有扔掉旧设备。"客厅的电视被替换后会被放在孩子们的房间里，突然间有一天，你家里每个房间都有一台电视，"一位研究人员说。电子设备的平均数量从1992年每户4台上升到2007年的13台。我们不仅保留这些旧设备——我们还继续使用它们。根据巴比特团队的分析，旧台式显示器和阴极射线管电视是最差的设备，其能耗和温室气体排放量在1992年至2007年期间增加了一倍多。 那么解决方案是什么？该团队的数据只到2007年，但研究人员还探索了如果消费者用具有多种功能的新电子产品取代旧产品会发生什么，例如用于文字处理和看电视的平板电脑。他们发现，在平板电脑上按需观看娱乐节目，而不是在电视和台式电脑上观看，可以将能源消耗减少44%。 板块8 核心单词默写 get rid of ________ worn ________ technology ________ sight ________ shiny ________ keep using ________ device ________ style ________ environment ________ wallet ________ outdated ________ consume ________ figure out ________ power ________ colleague ________ track ________ throughout ________ mineral ________ evolve ________ group ________ desktop computer ________ mobile phone ________ digital camera ________ show up ________ accumulate ________ throw out ________ analysis ________ contribution ________ greenhouse gas ________ on-demand ________ 【参考答案】 板块1 真题再现 32．A　33．D　34．B　35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明性议论文，作者介绍了新旧电子设备的能耗调查，借此论证新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保，呼吁人们为了节能环保不要再使用已经过时的旧电子设备，而使用集多种功能为一体的新电子设备。 【32题详解】A 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句That's bad news for the environment ... as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，做同样的事，过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。由此可推断，作者认为新设备更节能、更环保。 【33题详解】D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句To figure out how much power these devices are using,...可知，Babbitt的团队开展研究是为了查明新旧电子设备的耗能量。 【34题详解】B 推理判断题 根据最后一段 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，使用平板电脑观看娱乐节目比用电视或台式电脑能减少44%的能源消耗。由此可推断，四种电子设备中，平板电脑的耗能量是最少的。 【35题详解】A 推理判断题 作者开篇提出观点：新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保。之后又用Babbitt团队的研究证明自己的观点，文章的最后作者又再次强调具备多功能的新电子设备的确是更节能。由此可推断，作者建议人们不要再用过时的旧电子设备了。 板块4 选词填空 第一组： 1. get rid of 2. shiny 3. environment 4. device 5. worn 6. technology 7. sight 8. style 9. wallets 10. keep using 第二组： 11. figure out 12. power 13. tracked 14. evolved 15. grouped 16. minerals 17. colleagues 18. consume 19. Outdated 20. throughout 板块5 单词填空 类型一（单句语法填空）： 1. newer 2. environmental 3. analysis 4. cut 5. average 6. replaced 7. contribution 8. consumption 9. explored 10. emitted 类型二（首字母单词拼写）： 11. style 12. consume 13. tracked 14. defined 15. showed 16. accumulated 17. worst 18. stop 19. happen 20. up 板块6 语篇翻译 答案 Passage A： 我们可能认为我们是一种一看到闪亮的新东西就会摆脱 破旧的 技术的文化，但一项新研究表明，我们会在旧设备过时后很长时间内继续 使用它们。这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息，因为这些过时的 设备 消耗比做同样工作的较新的设备更多的能源。 Passage B： 为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电力，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的卡莉·巴比特和她的同事们追踪了每种产品在其整个 生命周期中的环境 成本——从开采其矿石到我们停止 使用该设备。这种方法 提供了自20世纪90年代初以来家庭能源 使用如何发展的数据。 Passage C： 根据巴比特团队的分析，旧台式 显示器和阴极射线 管电视机在能源 消耗和温室 气体 排放方面是最差的设备，在1992年至2007年期间增加了一倍多。他们发现，在平板电脑上按需 观看 娱乐节目，而不是在电视和台式电脑上观看，可以将 能源 消耗 减少44%。 板块8 核心单词默写 1. 摆脱，丢弃 2. 用旧的，磨损的 3. 技术，科技 4. 看见，视野 5. 闪亮的，发光的 6. 继续使用 7. 设备，装置 8. 风格，样式 9. 环境 10. 钱包 11. 过时的，陈旧的 12. 消耗，耗费 13. 弄清楚，计算出 14. 电力，能量 15. 同事，同僚 16. 追踪，跟踪 17. 贯穿，遍及 18. 矿物，矿石 19. 发展，演变 20. 分组，归类 21. 台式电脑 22. 手机 23. 数码相机 24. 出现，显现 25. 积累，积聚 26. 扔掉，丢弃 27. 分析 28. 贡献，促成作用 29. 温室气体 30. 按需的，点播的 $