Unit 4 History and tradition 重点词块复习包（重点短语、词性转换、自测默写、巩固练习）-2026-2027学年高一英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 4 History and tradition 知识清单 一、词形转换 1. puzzle （n./vt.） 谜；使困惑 ➟ puzzled （adj.） 感到困惑的 ➟ puzzling （adj.） 令人费解的 2. belong （vi.） 应在某处；适应 ➟ belonging （n.） 归属感 3. defend （v.） 防御，保护 ➟ defence （n.） 防御；保卫 4. surround （vt.） 围绕；包围 ➟ surrounding （adj.） 四周的 ➟ surroundings （n.复数） 环境 5. evident （adj.） 明显的 ➟ evidence （n.） 证据，证明 6. achieve （vt.） 实现；取得 ➟ achievement （n.） 成就；成绩 ➟ achievable （adj.） 可实现的 7. fascinate （v.） 使着迷 ➟ fascinating （adj.） 迷人的 8. announce （vt.） 宣布；通知 ➟ announcement （n.） 公告，通知 9. generous （adj.） 慷慨的 ➟ generously （adv.） 慷慨地 ➟ generosity （n.） 慷慨 10. eager （adj.） 热切的；渴望的 ➟ eagerly （adv.） 热切地 ➟ eagerness （n.） 渴望 11. greet （vt.） 问候；迎接 ➟ greeting （n.） 问候 12. crowd （n./vt.） 人群；挤满 ➟ crowded （adj.） 拥挤的 二、重点单词 1. puzzle （n./vt.） 谜；使困惑 - in a puzzle 困惑；solve a puzzle 解开谜团 - a puzzled expression 疑惑的表情；a puzzling fact 令人费解的事实 - 例句：Beginning a new life in a new place can be very puzzling. 2. belong （vi.） 应在某处；属于 - a sense of belonging 归属感；belong to 属于（无被动、无进行时） - 例句1：Who does this textbook belong to? - 例句2：He belongs to the golf club. 3. defend （v.） 防御，保护，辩护 - defend ... against/from... 保护......免受...... - in defence of... 为保卫......；in one’s defence 为某人辩护 - 例句：What points can be raised in defence of this argument. 4. surround （vt.）围绕；包围 - surround...with... 用......包围...... - surrounding environment 周边环境；beautiful surroundings 优美环境 - be/get used to the new surroundings 适应新环境 5. evident （adj.） 明显的，显然的 - 例句：It was evident that she was unhappy. - search for evidence 寻找证据；give evidence 作证；medical evidence 医学证据 6. achievement （n.） 成就；成绩 - make a great achievement 取得伟大成就 7. fascinating （adj.） 极有吸引力的；迷人的 - 例句：It’s fascinating to see how different people approach the problem. 8. charge （n./vt.） 收费；指控；主管；充电 - charge him 10 dollars for repairing his bike 修车收他十美元 - charge sb with speeding 指控他超速 - free of charge 免费；in charge of 负责；take charge of 接管 - 例句1：Could I speak to whoever is in charge of international sales, please. - 例句2：Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program? 9. announce （vt.）宣布；通知 - announce sth to sb 向某人宣布...... - It is announced that ... 据宣布 - 例句：At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached. 10. amount （n.） 金额；数量 - in large/small amounts 大量/少量 - 例句1：Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such short time. - 例句2：A large amount of time has been spent in finishing this task so far. 11. approach （n./vt./vi.） 方法；接近；处理 - approach the house 走近房子；approach the problem 处理问题 - an approach to doing sth 做某事的方法 12. generous （adj.）慷慨的；大方的 - be generous to sb 对某人慷慨；be generous with sth 在某物上大方 - It is generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事很大方 - 例句：I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help. 13. eager （adj.） 热切的；渴望的 - be eager to do sth 渴望做某事；be eager for sth 渴望某物 - be eager that...（从句虚拟should do） 14. greet （vt.）问候；迎接 - greet sb at the airport 在机场迎接某人；greet sb with a nod 点头致意 - 例句：Whenever I meet her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 15. crowd （n./vt.） 人群；挤满 - a crowd of people 一群人；crowd into 涌入 - be crowded with 挤满...... - 例句：In crowded places like airports and railway station, you must take care of your luggage. 三、重点短语 1. be similar to与......相似 - be similar in 在某方面相似；the same as 和......相同；be different from 与......不同 - 例句1：Her ideas are quite similar to mine. - 例句2：The two cars are very similar in size and design. 2. be confused by 对......感到困惑 - confuse A with B 把A和B弄混 - 例句：All the roads looked the same and he felt confused. 3. join..to..把......和......连接起来 - 同义：connect...with/to...；be related to；be linked with 与......有关 - 例句：You have to join the smaller piece of wood to the main part. 4. break away（from sb/sth）脱离；逃脱；改掉习惯 - break up 打碎；分手；break down 故障；垮掉；break through 突破；break out 爆发；break into 破门而入 - 例句1：The Smiths had their car broken into last week. - 例句2：Thieves had broken in while the old man was away. 5. result in 导致；result from 源自；as a result 因此；as a result of 作为......的结果 - 例句：We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the post. 6. as well as 和；也；连同 - 例句1：In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well - 例句2：The basketball coach, as well as his team was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. - 例句3：This training program can give you a lift at work, as well as increase your income by 40%. 7. leave behind 落下；留下；抛下 - 例句：He set off for Washington, leaving the children behind his mother. 8. date back to 起源于，追溯到（无被动） - 例句1：The college dates back to medieval times. - 例句2：The stone steps, dating back to 1885, are beginning to wear. 9. keep your eyes open （for） 留心；留意 - catch one’s eye 吸引注意；keep an eye on 照看；留意 10. offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物 - offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 - 同义：provide sb with sth；supply sb with sth - 例句：I was offered a better position at IBM. 11. make up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补 - make up a story 编故事；make up for the loss 弥补损失 12. breathe in 吸气；breathe out 呼气；take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold one’s breath 屏息；out of breath 上气不接下气 四、重点句型 1. must have done 一定做过某事（对过去肯定推测） - 例句1：I must have been asleep in that part of our history class. - 例句2：Something must have happened to him. 2. sb/sth is likely to do sth 某人/某物有可能做某事 - 例句1：You are more than likely to experience local culture firsthand. - 例句2：If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others. 3. 完整感叹句结构 - what a/an + adj + 可数单数名词+主+谓 - What + adj + 不可数/复数名词+主+谓 - How + adj + a/an + 单数名词 + 主+谓 - How +adj/adv+主+谓 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 答案 一、词性转换 1. puzzled、puzzling 2. belonging 3. defence 4. surrounding、surroundings 5. evidence 6. achievement、achievable 7. fascinating 8. announcement 9. generously、generosity 10. eagerly、eagerness 11. greeting 12. crowded 二、短语默写 Part A 英译汉 1. 与......相似 2. 在某方面相似 3. 和......相同 4. 与......不同 5. 混淆A和B 6. 脱离 7. 打碎；分手 8. 故障；垮掉 9. 突破 10. 爆发 11. 破门而入 12. 导致 13. 由......引起 14. 因此 15. 作为......结果 16. 和；连同 17. 落下；抛下 18. 追溯到 19. 留心留意 20. 吸引目光 21. 照看 22. 给某人提供某物 23. 主动提出做 24. 组成；编造；化妆 25. 弥补 26. 吸气 27. 呼气 28. 深呼吸 29. 屏息 30. 上气不接下气 31. 如释重负 32. 令某人欣慰的是 33. 和平地 34. 沉默地 35. 处于危险 36. 求助于 37. 调低；拒绝 38. 结果是 39. 负责 40. 免费 Part B 汉译英 1. be similar to 2. be similar in 3. the same as 4. be different from 5. confuse A with B 6. break away from 7. break up 8. break down 9. break through 10. break out 11. break into 12. result in 13. result from 14. as a result 15. as a result of 16. as well as 17. leave behind 18. date back to 19. keep your eyes open for 20. catch one’s eye 21. keep an eye on 22. offer sb sth / offer sth to sb 23. offer to do sth 24. make up 25. make up for 26. breathe in 27. breathe out 28. take a deep breath 29. hold one’s breath 30. out of breath 31. in relief 32. to one’s relief 33. in peace 34. in silence 35. in danger 36. turn to 37. turn down 38. turn out 39. in charge of 40. free of charge 三、 1.puzzled/puzzling       2.locations     3.achievements    4.legally 5.surrounded    6.evidence   7.for   8.greeting   9.crowded   10.announcement 四、 1. are confused 2. which 3. to 4. known 5. Exploring 6. different 7. the 8. more enjoyable 9. dating 10. a 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 History and tradition自测默写单与巩固练习 一、词性转换 1. puzzle （n./vt.） 谜；使困惑 ➟ ____________ （adj.） 感到困惑的 ➟ __________ （adj.） 令人费解的 2. belong （vi.） 应在某处；适应 ➟ ____________ （n.） 归属感 3. defend （v.） 防御，保护 ➟ ____________ （n.） 防御；保卫 4. surround （vt.） 围绕；包围 ➟ ____________ （adj.） 四周的 ➟ ____________ （n.复数） 环境 5. evident （adj.） 明显的 ➟ ____________ （n.） 证据，证明 6. achieve （vt.） 实现；取得 ➟ ____________ （n.） 成就；成绩 ➟ ____________ （adj.） 可实现的 7. fascinate （v.） 使着迷 ➟ ____________ （adj.） 迷人的 8. announce （vt.） 宣布；通知 ➟ ____________ （n.） 公告，通知 9. generous （adj.） 慷慨的 ➟ ____________ （adv.） 慷慨地 ➟ ____________ （n.） 慷慨 10. eager （adj.） 热切的；渴望的 ➟ ____________ （adv.） 热切地 ➟ ____________ （n.） 渴望 11. greet （vt.） 问候；迎接 ➟ ____________ （n.） 问候 12. crowd （n./vt.） 人群；挤满 ➟ ____________ （adj.） 拥挤的 二、短语默写 Part A 英译汉 1. be similar to ________________________ 2. be similar in ________________________ 3. the same as ________________________ 4. be different from ________________________ 5. confuse A with B ________________________ 6. break away from ________________________ 7. break up ________________________ 8. break down ________________________ 9. break through ________________________ 10. break out ________________________ 11. break into ________________________ 12. result in ________________________ 13. result from ________________________ 14. as a result ________________________ 15. as a result of ________________________ 16. as well as ________________________ 17. leave behind ________________________ 18. date back to ________________________ 19. keep your eyes open for ________________________ 20. catch one’s eye ________________________ 21. keep an eye on ________________________ 22. offer sb sth ________________________ 23. offer to do sth ________________________ 24. make up ________________________ 25. make up for ________________________ 26. breathe in ________________________ 27. breathe out ________________________ 28. take a deep breath ________________________ 29. hold one’s breath ________________________ 30. out of breath ________________________ 31. in relief ________________________ 32. to one’s relief ________________________ 33. in peace ________________________ 34. in silence ________________________ 35. in danger ________________________ 36. turn to ________________________ 37. turn down ________________________ 38. turn out ________________________ 39. in charge of ________________________ 40. free of charge ________________________ Part B 汉译英 1. 与......相似 ________________________ 2. 在某方面相似 ________________________ 3. 和......相同 ________________________ 4. 与......不同 ________________________ 5. 把A和B弄混 ________________________ 6. 脱离；摆脱 ________________________ 7. 打碎；分手；解散 ________________________ 8. 出故障；垮掉 ________________________ 9. 突破 ________________________ 10. 爆发 ________________________ 11. 破门而入 ________________________ 12. 导致 ________________________ 13. 由......引起 ________________________ 14. 因此 ________________________ 15. 作为......的结果 ________________________ 16. 和；连同 ________________________ 17. 落下；抛下 ________________________ 18. 追溯到 ________________________ 19. 留心留意 ________________________ 20. 吸引某人注意 ________________________ 21. 照看；留意 ________________________ 22. 向某人提供某物 ________________________ 23. 主动提出做某事 ________________________ 24. 组成；编造；化妆 ________________________ 25. 弥补 ________________________ 26. 吸气 ________________________ 27. 呼气 ________________________ 28. 深呼吸 ________________________ 29. 屏息 ________________________ 30. 上气不接下气 ________________________ 31. 如释重负 ________________________ 32. 令某人欣慰的是 ________________________ 33. 和平地 ________________________ 34. 沉默地 ________________________ 35. 处于危险中 ________________________ 36. 求助于 ________________________ 37. 调低；拒绝 ________________________ 38. 结果是 ________________________ 39. 负责；主管 ________________________ 40. 免费 ________________________ 三、单句语法填空 1.The ________ expression on his face showed that the question was _________.（puzzle） 2.There were a number of _________ （location） where the kings of Egypt built pyramids. 3.Looking back, Diana owes her _________ （achieve） to the goal she set, and above all, the efforts she made. 4.Immigrants who entered the United States through the port of New York were _________ （legal） and medically inspected there. 5.Professor Li stood there, _________  （surround） by many students. 6.What _________ （evident） was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out? 7.When my own son was five years old, I became eager _________ another baby. 8.When I learned that he was ill, I sent him a _________ （greet） card. 9.The bus we had been waiting for was too _________ （crowd）, so we decided to catch a later one. 10.Take note of their contact numbers in the _________ （announce） pages. 四、语法填空 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people 1._______________ （confuse） by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, 2._______________ resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. The four countries that belong 3._______________ the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, 4._______________ （know） as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. 5._______________ （explore） it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four 6._______________ （difference） groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. They built the first towns and good roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed 7._______________ way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 8._______________ （enjoyable）. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history 9._______________ （date） all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is 10._______________ fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $