2027届高考英语一轮复习-语法填空：非谓语动词专题-动词词形转换

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦非谓语动词核心考点，涵盖不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词四大类及状语从句省略与独立主格结构，按“形式-用法-真题-易错点”逻辑分层梳理，通过解题三步法指导、高考真题精讲及过关检测，帮助学生构建知识体系，突破语法填空2-4题高频考点。 资料以“思维品质”培养为核心，创新设计“三步法”解题策略，如通过确认谓语动词、找准逻辑主语、判断主被动及时态关系突破考点。结合2024-2026年高考真题及名校模拟分层练习，如不定式only to do表意外结果与现在分词doing表自然结果的对比训练，提升学生语言能力和学习效率，为教师把控复习节奏、实现高效备考提供有力支持。

2027届高考英语一轮复习：语法填空-动词-词形转换-非谓语动词专题讲义 一、知识讲解 非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考重点，每年每卷至少考查2-4题。非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）三大类四种形式。它们在句中不能单独作谓语，但可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分。 解题核心三步法： ①确认句子已有谓语动词，空格处需填非谓语动词； ②找准逻辑主语； ③判断逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系及时间先后，确定正确形式。 （一）不定式 to do 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done 【用法要点】 ① 作主语：It is + adj. + to do sth.（it为形式主语）；动名词doing作主语表泛指/习惯，不定式to do作主语表具体/一次性动作。 ② 作宾语： decide/hope/wish/expect/want/would like/agree/promise/refuse/plan/attempt/aim/manage/pretend + to do；固定句型：It is possible/important/necessary + to do。 ③ 作宾补：ask/tell/allow/expect/want/wish/encourage/invite/persuade/force/order + sb. + to do；make/let/have sb. do（省to），但被动语态中to要还原：be made to do。 ④ 作定语：抽象名词（ability, chance, opportunity, need, way, time, decision, promise, plan等）后常接to do；序数词、the only、the last修饰的名词后也接to do。当不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系且逻辑主语已在句中出现时，用主动形式表被动意义：I have a lot of work to do.（不能说to be done）（前提是句子中已出现该动作的潜在执行者/主语，否则仍需用被动式to be done。） ⑤ 作状语：表目的（in order to / so as to，so as to不用于句首）；表结果（only to do表与预期相反或事与愿违）；表原因（与表示情感的形容词连用：be amazed/surprised/glad/sorry + to do）。 【精讲真题】 These sepals open on warm days ___________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【出处】2024年新高考I卷 【高考易错提醒】 ① only to do表示“结果却……”，强调出乎意料的结果，与doing表自然结果不同：He hurried to the station, only to miss the train.（出乎意料）vs. The typhoon passed, causing great damage.（自然结果）。 ② so as to不能放在句首，in order to可以：In order to pass the exam, he studied hard.（✓）；So as to pass the exam, he studied hard.（✗）。 ③ 不定式作定语时，若不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，需用被动式：He is the person to be invited to the meeting.（将被邀请的人）。 不定式过关检测 1. Seongdong District became the first authority ___________ (provide) financial support for hair loss treatment. 【出处】2026届云南丽江一模 2. The findings show a critical need ___________ (invest) in disaster prevention and infrastructure improvement. 【出处】2021年北京卷 3. To eat one, you have to decide whether ___________ (bite) a small hole in it first or eat it in one bite. 【出处】2023年新高考I卷 4. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria ___________ (grow) and spread. 【出处】2021年上海卷 （二）动名词 doing 形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 【用法要点】 ① 作宾语（重点）：以下动词后只能接doing作宾语——admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, keep, involve等。口诀：“避免(avoid)错过(miss)再延迟(delay)，想象(imagine)完成(finish)莫逃避(escape)；承认(admit)否认(deny)勤练习(practice)，介意(mind)冒险(risk)要抵抗(resist)；建议(suggest)保持(keep)去欣赏(appreciate)，考虑(consider)涉及(involve)别错过(miss)。” ② 介词后接doing：spend...(in) doing, be busy doing, be worth doing, look forward to doing, succeed in doing, insist on doing, instead of doing, before/after/without doing等。注意：to在look forward to、be used to、object to、devote...to中是介词，后接doing。 ③ 作主语：动名词作主语表示泛指/习惯性动作：Reading is a good habit.；不定式作主语表示具体/一次性动作：To finish the task in one day is impossible.常用It作形式主语：It is no use/good doing sth.；It is a waste of time doing sth. ④ 作表语：The hobby is collecting stamps.（集邮）注意区分：动名词作表语说明主语的内容/性质（可互换位置），现在分词作表语说明主语的特征/状态（不可互换）。 【精讲真题】 As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___________ (record) everything that I discovered. 【出处】2023年全国乙卷 【高考易错提醒】 ① to的辨别：to作介词时后接doing（look forward to doing, be used to doing, object to doing）；to作不定式符号时后接动词原形（decide to do, want to do）。判断方法：如果to前是名词/形容词搭配中的固定介词，则to为介词。 ② doing与to do作宾语的意义区别：remember/forget/stop/try/mean + doing（记得/忘记/停止/尝试/意味着做过某事）vs. remember/forget/stop/try/mean + to do（记得/忘记停下来/尝试/打算去做某事）。 动名词过关检测 After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action. 【出处】2021年全国甲卷 （三）现在分词 doing 形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 【用法要点】 ① 作定语：前置定语表示正在进行的主动动作——the boiling water（正在沸腾的水）；后置定语修饰名词，表主动关系——the man standing there（站在那里的人）。区分：boiling water（正在沸腾的水）vs. boiled water（已烧开的水）。 ② 作状语（高频考点）：表主动、进行、伴随的动作。逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，且与动词为主动关系。Walking down the street, I met an old friend.（我走路→主动）。表结果：The typhoon passed, causing great damage.（自然导致的结果）。表原因：Not knowing his address, I couldn't visit him.（因为不知道）。句首分词需大写首字母。 ③ 作宾补：find/keep/leave/hear/see/watch/notice + sb./sth. + doing（表示宾语正在进行某动作）。I found him sleeping in class.（我发现他正在课上睡觉）。注意：doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成。 ④ having done用于强调动作先于谓语动词完成：Having finished the homework, he went out to play.（先完成作业，后出去玩）。在近年新高考语法填空中考查频率有所上升，尤其常见于句首作状语，需重点掌握。 【精讲真题】 ___________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s Richard III in Beijing, Edmondson said the performance was “amazing”. 【出处】2024年新高考II卷 【高考易错提醒】 ① 分词作状语时，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则构成“悬垂分词”错误。高考常利用这一点设置干扰项。 ② 不及物动词的现在分词可作定语/状语，但没有被动形式：date back to → dating back to（不能说dated back to）；measure → measuring 5 meters（不能说measured 5 meters）。 ③ 句首分词需大写首字母，这是高考评分标准要求，不扣分点但需注意书写规范。 现在分词过关检测 1. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think) it is food. 【出处】2021年新高考II卷 2. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic losses. 【出处】2021年北京卷 3. But that's how nature is—always leaving us ___________ (astonish) by its beauty and power. 【出处】2021年新高考I卷 4. The national parks tend to catch our attention because of their large size and unique landscapes, ___________ (offer) a place where you can rest your aching legs. 【出处】2021年新高考I卷 （四）过去分词 done 过去分词只有一种形式：done（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词查不规则动词表）。过去分词表示被动和/或完成的意义。 【用法要点】 ① 作定语（高频）：前置定语——a broken window（破碎的窗户），the excited crowd（兴奋的人群）；后置定语——the system built by engineers（工程师建造的系统）。过去分词作定语表示被动和/或已完成的动作，与所修饰名词为被动关系。 ② 作状语：表被动、完成的动作。逻辑主语是句子主语，且与动词为被动关系。Seen from afar, the mangroves appear splendid.（从远处看→红树林被看→被动）。Seated at the desk, he began to write.（坐好后→seated表状态）。句首需大写。 ③ 作宾补（高频）：have/get sth. done（让某事被做）；find/see/hear/keep + sb./sth. + done（发现/看到/听到/保持某物被……的状态）；make oneself done（使自己被……）。I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天理了发）。 ④ 作表语：The door remained locked.（门锁着）。The audience was deeply moved.（观众深受感动）。注意：过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态或感受，不强调被动动作。 【精讲真题】 Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________ (design) with two halves, one for the main course and the other for vegetables. 【出处】2024年浙江卷1月 【高考易错提醒】 ① 区分doing和done作定语：doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成。the developing country（发展中国家→正在发展）vs. the developed country（发达国家→已经发展完成）。 ② 过去分词作状语时，注意与被动语态谓语动词的区别。如果句子已有谓语动词且无连词，则done为非谓语；如果有连词或没有其他谓语，则done可能是谓语动词的被动形式。 ③ 特殊动词的过去分词已转化为形容词：interested, excited, surprised, disappointed, frightened, amazed, satisfied, worried等，常作表语或定语，表示人的感受。 过去分词过关检测 1. Mooncakes, often ___________ (fill) with lotus seed paste or red bean, symbolize unity and completeness. 【出处】安徽省皖江名校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 2. Behind the simple style is a serious message ___________ (intend) for everyone, readers and listeners alike. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 3. ___________ (make) from local natural wool and yak hair, the tents are strong enough to withstand harsh weather. 【出处】山东省九五高中协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期12月质量检测 4. One theory, increasingly ___________ (support) by experts, suggests that the painting dates back to the Song Dynasty. 【出处】2022年北京卷 （五）状语从句省略与独立主格 1. 状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为it），且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，保留doing或done： ① When (he was) asked about the secret, he smiled. → When asked about the secret, he smiled. ② While (I was) walking along the river, I saw some children playing. → While walking along the river, I saw some children playing. ③ Though (she was) tired, she kept working. → Though tired, she kept working. ④ If (it is) heated, water will turn into steam. → If heated, water will turn into steam. 判断方法：省略后doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成。逻辑主语仍为句子主语。 2. 独立主格结构 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需要自带逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。格式为：名词/代词 + doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。 ① 名词 + doing（主动）：His hands following the patterns, Yang Yongliang moves between looms. ② 名词 + done（被动）：The work finished, we went home. ③ 名词 + adj./adv.：The meeting over, everyone left the room. 3. with复合结构 with复合结构是独立主格的常见替代形式，格式为：with + 名词 + doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。 ① with + 名词 + doing（主动/进行）：with people coming from all over the world ② with + 名词 + done（被动/完成）：with the door closed, with the problem solved ③ with + 名词 + to do（将来）：with a lot of work to do ④ with + 名词 + adj./adv./介词短语：with his hands behind his back 解题关键：找准with后名词与动词的主被动关系——主动用doing，被动用done，将来用to do。 【精讲例题】 In the late Spring and Autumn Period, more bells were added to make a complete set. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the shape of bianzhong __________ (transform), most of the bells were round and each bell made only one sound. 【出处】2024届湖北百校联盟 【高考易错提醒】 ① 独立主格与定语从句的区别：独立主格没有连接词（如which/who），不能构成从句。如果有连接词，则为从句，需用谓语动词形式。 ② with复合结构中，to do表示将来/未发生的动作：With so much homework to do, I can't go out.（还有很多作业要做→未做）。 状语从句省略与独立主格过关检测 Here, Yang Yongliang moves between looms, his hands ___________ (follow) patterns handed down through generations. 【出处】山东省九五高中协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期12月质量检测 二、巩固练习 （一）高考真题 1. The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people ___________ (wait) behind us. 【出处】2026年北京卷 2. By mindfully seeking out opportunities ___________ (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. 【出处】2026年北京卷 3. There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ___________ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 【出处】2026年浙江卷1月 4. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ___________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 【出处】2026年浙江卷1月 5. I remember ___________ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over 18 uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【出处】2026年浙江卷1月 6. Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ___________ (discover) one of the great wonders of the natural world. 【出处】2025年新高考II卷 7. We hope ___________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context that is easy to understand. 【出处】2025年新高考I卷 8. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ___________ (scare) to death. 【出处】2025年北京卷 9. The national parks tend ___________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and unique landscapes. 【出处】2024年全国甲卷 10. Taking the time ___________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of connection with nature. 【出处】2024年北京卷 11. Visitors to the area were often amazed ___________ (find) the deep connection between the two writers. 【出处】2024年新高考II卷 12. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ___________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【出处】2024年浙江卷1月 13. For thousands of years, people have told fables ___________ (teach) a lesson to their audiences. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 14. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 15. She called for action ___________ (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water”. 【出处】2023年北京卷 16. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing and spilling their contents. 【出处】2023年新高考I卷 17. He had come a long way ___________ (watch) over his kingdom and make sure all was well. 【出处】2023年上海卷 18. ___________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【出处】2022年全国乙卷 19. ___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the largest protected areas in the world. 【出处】2022年新高考I卷 20. Fearful that he might have an intention ___________ (harm) her, the princess ran away. 【出处】2022年北京卷 21. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind. 【出处】2022年全国乙卷 22. Alaska is a good place ___________ (see) the aurora borealis because of its long, dark winters. 【出处】2022年上海卷 23. Minimize the impact of ___________ (visit) the place. 【出处】2021年全国乙卷 24. It is possible ___________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers of the wall. 【出处】2021年全国甲卷 25. I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem. 【出处】2021年新高考II卷 （二）名校模拟 1. The custom gained emotional depth through the legend of Lady Meng Jiang, who traveled thousands of miles to bring winter clothes to her husband building the Great Wall — only ___________ (learn) he had died. 【出处】安徽省合肥市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月教学质量测评 2. Lantern displays add a magical touch to the night, ___________ (bring) the community closer together. 【出处】安徽省皖江名校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 3. The concert has since gone viral on social media, ___________ (gain) millions of views and likes. 【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟 4. Many young people expressed that this experiment made them ___________ (appreciate) their cultural heritage more deeply. 【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟 5. People lined up at the food stalls, some ___________ (chat) with the stall owner while waiting. 【出处】2026届山西太原一模 6. ___________ (title) “Treasure of Earth”, the exhibition presents the beauty of Chinese civilization. 【出处】河南省青桐鸣2025-2026学年高三联考 7. Preliminary data show that the robots are adapting well, with some units ___________ (bear) fruit in rehearsal performances. 【出处】浙江宁波市镇海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期模拟预测 8. He serves as a safety officer rather than a ___________ (man) bus driver. 【出处】山东省名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 9. The design copies the ecological cycles of nature, ___________ (generate) a working model of sustainable development. 【出处】山西大学附属中学校2025-2026学年高三下学期5月阶段检测 10. I find myself ___________ (draw) to the corner stall where the smell of fresh soy milk is irresistible. 【出处】2026届山西太原一模 11. The event, ___________ (occur) 8,200 years ago, brought about significant temperature declines across the Northern Hemisphere. 【出处】2026届河北衡水二模 12. ___________ (encourage) by the audience's response, the two artists plan to record an album together. 【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟 13. ___________ (compare) with his sister, he is more diligent in his studies. 【出处】2024届吉林长春六模 14. They can form a thick mass in the water, ___________ (provide) a perfect environment for small fish to hide and breed. 【出处】2021届上海卷模拟 15. Each band member should choose a song for the whole band ___________ (learn) and perform at the next rehearsal. 【出处】2021届上海卷模拟 16. The research project ___________ (aim) at protecting endangered species has received widespread attention. 【出处】2026届福建泉州一模 17. The professor devoted himself to the research, ___________ (ignore) his own health problems. 【出处】2024届安徽安庆三模 18. The new policy is expected ___________ (reduce) carbon emissions by 30% over the next decade. 【出处】2024届山东日照二模 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习：语法填空-动词-词形转换-非谓语动词专题讲义 一、知识讲解 非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考重点，每年每卷至少考查2-4题。非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）三大类四种形式。它们在句中不能单独作谓语，但可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分。 解题核心三步法： ①确认句子已有谓语动词，空格处需填非谓语动词； ②找准逻辑主语； ③判断逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系及时间先后，确定正确形式。 （一）不定式 to do 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done 【用法要点】 ① 作主语：It is + adj. + to do sth.（it为形式主语）；动名词doing作主语表泛指/习惯，不定式to do作主语表具体/一次性动作。 ② 作宾语： decide/hope/wish/expect/want/would like/agree/promise/refuse/plan/attempt/aim/manage/pretend + to do；固定句型：It is possible/important/necessary + to do。 ③ 作宾补：ask/tell/allow/expect/want/wish/encourage/invite/persuade/force/order + sb. + to do；make/let/have sb. do（省to），但被动语态中to要还原：be made to do。 ④ 作定语：抽象名词（ability, chance, opportunity, need, way, time, decision, promise, plan等）后常接to do；序数词、the only、the last修饰的名词后也接to do。当不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系且逻辑主语已在句中出现时，用主动形式表被动意义：I have a lot of work to do.（不能说to be done）（前提是句子中已出现该动作的潜在执行者/主语，否则仍需用被动式to be done。） ⑤ 作状语：表目的（in order to / so as to，so as to不用于句首）；表结果（only to do表与预期相反或事与愿违）；表原因（与表示情感的形容词连用：be amazed/surprised/glad/sorry + to do）。 【精讲真题】 These sepals open on warm days ___________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【出处】2024年新高考I卷 【答案】to give 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里打开，目的是给里面的植物阳光和新鲜空气。句子已有谓语动词open，空格处需要非谓语动词。不定式to give表示目的，"为了给植物提供阳光和空气"，故填to give。 【高考易错提醒】 ① only to do表示“结果却……”，强调出乎意料的结果，与doing表自然结果不同：He hurried to the station, only to miss the train.（出乎意料）vs. The typhoon passed, causing great damage.（自然结果）。 ② so as to不能放在句首，in order to可以：In order to pass the exam, he studied hard.（✓）；So as to pass the exam, he studied hard.（✗）。 ③ 不定式作定语时，若不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，需用被动式：He is the person to be invited to the meeting.（将被邀请的人）。 不定式过关检测 1. Seongdong District became the first authority ___________ (provide) financial support for hair loss treatment. 【出处】2026届云南丽江一模 【答案】to provide 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：城东区成为第一个为脱发治疗提供经济支持的行政机构。序数词first修饰的名词authority后接不定式作后置定语，表示"第一个做某事的机构"，故填to provide。 2. The findings show a critical need ___________ (invest) in disaster prevention and infrastructure improvement. 【出处】2021年北京卷 【答案】to invest 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：研究结果表明迫切需要投资于防灾和基础设施改善。抽象名词need后常接不定式作后置定语，表示"做某事的需要"，故填to invest。 3. To eat one, you have to decide whether ___________ (bite) a small hole in it first or eat it in one bite. 【出处】2023年新高考I卷 【答案】to bite 【解析】考查"疑问词+不定式"结构。句意：吃的时候，你必须决定是先咬一个小口还是一口吃掉。whether to do是固定结构，作decide的宾语，表示"是否做某事"，故填to bite。 4. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria ___________ (grow) and spread. 【出处】2021年上海卷 【答案】to grow 【解析】考查固定句型make it + adj. + for sb./sth. + to do。句意：它们容易积聚灰尘和水，这使得细菌很容易生长和传播。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to grow and spread，故填to grow。 （二）动名词 doing 形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 【用法要点】 ① 作宾语（重点）：以下动词后只能接doing作宾语——admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, keep, involve等。口诀：“避免(avoid)错过(miss)再延迟(delay)，想象(imagine)完成(finish)莫逃避(escape)；承认(admit)否认(deny)勤练习(practice)，介意(mind)冒险(risk)要抵抗(resist)；建议(suggest)保持(keep)去欣赏(appreciate)，考虑(consider)涉及(involve)别错过(miss)。” ② 介词后接doing：spend...(in) doing, be busy doing, be worth doing, look forward to doing, succeed in doing, insist on doing, instead of doing, before/after/without doing等。注意：to在look forward to、be used to、object to、devote...to中是介词，后接doing。 ③ 作主语：动名词作主语表示泛指/习惯性动作：Reading is a good habit.；不定式作主语表示具体/一次性动作：To finish the task in one day is impossible.常用It作形式主语：It is no use/good doing sth.；It is a waste of time doing sth. ④ 作表语：The hobby is collecting stamps.（集邮）注意区分：动名词作表语说明主语的内容/性质（可互换位置），现在分词作表语说明主语的特征/状态（不可互换）。 【精讲真题】 As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___________ (record) everything that I discovered. 【出处】2023年全国乙卷 【答案】recording 【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了过去两年的时间来记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，in是介词，后接动名词形式，故填recording。 【高考易错提醒】 ① to的辨别：to作介词时后接doing（look forward to doing, be used to doing, object to doing）；to作不定式符号时后接动词原形（decide to do, want to do）。判断方法：如果to前是名词/形容词搭配中的固定介词，则to为介词。 ② doing与to do作宾语的意义区别：remember/forget/stop/try/mean + doing（记得/忘记/停止/尝试/意味着做过某事）vs. remember/forget/stop/try/mean + to do（记得/忘记停下来/尝试/打算去做某事）。 动名词过关检测 After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action. 【出处】2021年全国甲卷 【答案】spending 【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：在城墙上花了一些时间看完所有防御设备后，我们决定该采取行动了。after在此处是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填spending。 （三）现在分词 doing 形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 【用法要点】 ① 作定语：前置定语表示正在进行的主动动作——the boiling water（正在沸腾的水）；后置定语修饰名词，表主动关系——the man standing there（站在那里的人）。区分：boiling water（正在沸腾的水）vs. boiled water（已烧开的水）。 ② 作状语（高频考点）：表主动、进行、伴随的动作。逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，且与动词为主动关系。Walking down the street, I met an old friend.（我走路→主动）。表结果：The typhoon passed, causing great damage.（自然导致的结果）。表原因：Not knowing his address, I couldn't visit him.（因为不知道）。句首分词需大写首字母。 ③ 作宾补：find/keep/leave/hear/see/watch/notice + sb./sth. + doing（表示宾语正在进行某动作）。I found him sleeping in class.（我发现他正在课上睡觉）。注意：doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成。 ④ having done用于强调动作先于谓语动词完成：Having finished the homework, he went out to play.（先完成作业，后出去玩）。在近年新高考语法填空中考查频率有所上升，尤其常见于句首作状语，需重点掌握。 【精讲真题】 ___________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s Richard III in Beijing, Edmondson said the performance was “amazing”. 【出处】2024年新高考II卷 【答案】Recalling 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：回忆起在北京观看中国戏曲版莎士比亚《理查三世》的经历，Edmondson说那场演出"令人惊叹"。句子的主语Edmondson与recall之间是主动关系（Edmondson回忆），且recall的动作与said同时或先于said发生，用现在分词一般式。句首需大写首字母，故填Recalling。 【高考易错提醒】 ① 分词作状语时，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则构成“悬垂分词”错误。高考常利用这一点设置干扰项。 ② 不及物动词的现在分词可作定语/状语，但没有被动形式：date back to → dating back to（不能说dated back to）；measure → measuring 5 meters（不能说measured 5 meters）。 ③ 句首分词需大写首字母，这是高考评分标准要求，不扣分点但需注意书写规范。 现在分词过关检测 1. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think) it is food. 【出处】2021年新高考II卷 【答案】thinking 【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，误以为是食物，我感到很沮丧。sea animals与think之间是主动关系（海洋动物以为），用现在分词thinking作伴随状语，故填thinking。注意：此题虽然think的形式与动名词相同，但此处语法功能是现在分词作状语。 2. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic losses. 【出处】2021年北京卷 【答案】resulting 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：2000年到2019年间，全球发生了7348起重大自然灾害，造成了2.97万亿美元的经济损失。前面整句话的内容与result之间是主动关系（灾害导致损失），用现在分词resulting表自然结果，故填resulting。 3. But that's how nature is—always leaving us ___________ (astonish) by its beauty and power. 【出处】2021年新高考I卷 【答案】astonished 【解析】考查过去分词作宾补。句意：但自然就是这样——总是让我们对它的美丽和力量感到惊叹。leave sb. + 补语结构中，us与astonish为被动关系（我们被惊叹），表示"感到惊讶的"，用过去分词astonished，故填astonished。 4. The national parks tend to catch our attention because of their large size and unique landscapes, ___________ (offer) a place where you can rest your aching legs. 【出处】2021年新高考I卷 【答案】offering 【解析】考查现在分词作定语/伴随状语。句意：国家公园因其面积广阔和独特的景观而容易吸引我们的注意，提供了一个可以休息酸痛双腿的地方。the national parks与offer为主动关系（公园提供），用现在分词offering，故填offering。 （四）过去分词 done 过去分词只有一种形式：done（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词查不规则动词表）。过去分词表示被动和/或完成的意义。 【用法要点】 ① 作定语（高频）：前置定语——a broken window（破碎的窗户），the excited crowd（兴奋的人群）；后置定语——the system built by engineers（工程师建造的系统）。过去分词作定语表示被动和/或已完成的动作，与所修饰名词为被动关系。 ② 作状语：表被动、完成的动作。逻辑主语是句子主语，且与动词为被动关系。Seen from afar, the mangroves appear splendid.（从远处看→红树林被看→被动）。Seated at the desk, he began to write.（坐好后→seated表状态）。句首需大写。 ③ 作宾补（高频）：have/get sth. done（让某事被做）；find/see/hear/keep + sb./sth. + done（发现/看到/听到/保持某物被……的状态）；make oneself done（使自己被……）。I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天理了发）。 ④ 作表语：The door remained locked.（门锁着）。The audience was deeply moved.（观众深受感动）。注意：过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态或感受，不强调被动动作。 【精讲真题】 Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________ (design) with two halves, one for the main course and the other for vegetables. 【出处】2024年浙江卷1月 【答案】designed 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：出售用两半设计的包装来装鸡肉或沙拉，一半装主菜，另一半装蔬菜。packs与design之间是被动关系（包装被设计），且设计动作已完成，用过去分词designed作后置定语修饰packs，故填designed。 【高考易错提醒】 ① 区分doing和done作定语：doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成。the developing country（发展中国家→正在发展）vs. the developed country（发达国家→已经发展完成）。 ② 过去分词作状语时，注意与被动语态谓语动词的区别。如果句子已有谓语动词且无连词，则done为非谓语；如果有连词或没有其他谓语，则done可能是谓语动词的被动形式。 ③ 特殊动词的过去分词已转化为形容词：interested, excited, surprised, disappointed, frightened, amazed, satisfied, worried等，常作表语或定语，表示人的感受。 过去分词过关检测 1. Mooncakes, often ___________ (fill) with lotus seed paste or red bean, symbolize unity and completeness. 【出处】安徽省皖江名校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 【答案】filled 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：月饼通常填满莲子酱或红豆，象征着团结和完整。句中 symbolize 为谓语动词，设空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语 Mooncakes 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填filled。 2. Behind the simple style is a serious message ___________ (intend) for everyone, readers and listeners alike. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 【答案】intended 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：简洁的风格背后是面向所有人——读者和听众——的严肃信息。message与intend为被动关系（信息被设计/面向），be intended for是固定搭配，此处用过去分词intended作后置定语，故填intended。 3. ___________ (make) from local natural wool and yak hair, the tents are strong enough to withstand harsh weather. 【出处】山东省九五高中协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期12月质量检测 【答案】Made 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：这些帐篷由当地天然羊毛和牦牛毛制成，足够坚固以抵御恶劣天气。they（帐篷）与make为被动关系（帐篷被制作），用过去分词作原因/条件状语。句首大写，故填Made。 4. One theory, increasingly ___________ (support) by experts, suggests that the painting dates back to the Song Dynasty. 【出处】2022年北京卷 【答案】supported 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：一种越来越被专家支持的理论认为，这幅画可以追溯到宋代。theory与support为被动关系（理论被支持），用过去分词supported作后置定语修饰theory，故填supported。 （五）状语从句省略与独立主格 1. 状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为it），且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，保留doing或done： ① When (he was) asked about the secret, he smiled. → When asked about the secret, he smiled. ② While (I was) walking along the river, I saw some children playing. → While walking along the river, I saw some children playing. ③ Though (she was) tired, she kept working. → Though tired, she kept working. ④ If (it is) heated, water will turn into steam. → If heated, water will turn into steam. 判断方法：省略后doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成。逻辑主语仍为句子主语。 2. 独立主格结构 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需要自带逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。格式为：名词/代词 + doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。 ① 名词 + doing（主动）：His hands following the patterns, Yang Yongliang moves between looms. ② 名词 + done（被动）：The work finished, we went home. ③ 名词 + adj./adv.：The meeting over, everyone left the room. 3. with复合结构 with复合结构是独立主格的常见替代形式，格式为：with + 名词 + doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。 ① with + 名词 + doing（主动/进行）：with people coming from all over the world ② with + 名词 + done（被动/完成）：with the door closed, with the problem solved ③ with + 名词 + to do（将来）：with a lot of work to do ④ with + 名词 + adj./adv./介词短语：with his hands behind his back 解题关键：找准with后名词与动词的主被动关系——主动用doing，被动用done，将来用to do。 【精讲例题】 In the late Spring and Autumn Period, more bells were added to make a complete set. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the shape of bianzhong __________ (transform), most of the bells were round and each bell made only one sound. 【出处】2024届湖北百校联盟 【答案】transformed 【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：春秋晚期，增加了更多的钟，形成了一套完整的编钟。秦汉以后，随着编钟的形制发生变化，大多数钟变为圆形，每只钟只能发出一个音。在with复合结构中，the shape与transform之间是被动关系（形状被转化），因此用过去分词transformed作with的宾语补足语，故填transformed。 【高考易错提醒】 ① 独立主格与定语从句的区别：独立主格没有连接词（如which/who），不能构成从句。如果有连接词，则为从句，需用谓语动词形式。 ② with复合结构中，to do表示将来/未发生的动作：With so much homework to do, I can't go out.（还有很多作业要做→未做）。 状语从句省略与独立主格过关检测 Here, Yang Yongliang moves between looms, his hands ___________ (follow) patterns handed down through generations. 【出处】山东省九五高中协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期12月质量检测 【答案】following 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：在这里，杨永亮在织机之间来回穿梭，双手跟随着世代相传的图案。his hands是非谓语动词follow的逻辑主语（与句子主语Yang Yongliang不同），hands与follow为主动关系，构成独立主格结构，故填following。 二、巩固练习 （一）高考真题 1. The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people ___________ (wait) behind us. 【出处】2026年北京卷 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：收银员已经扫完所有商品，有几个人在我们后面等候。句中and连接两个并列分句，第二个分句是there be句型，此分句中已有谓语were，wait作非谓语动词，主语people与wait之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，用现在分词waiting作后置定语，修饰a couple of people。 2. By mindfully seeking out opportunities ___________ (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. 【出处】2026年北京卷 【答案】to stimulate 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过用心寻找机会来激发这种感觉，你可以让生活充满更大的意义。opportunity后常接不定式作定语，表示“……的机会”。 3. There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ___________ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 【出处】2026年浙江卷1月 【答案】to finish 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣，但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find，此处为非谓语动词，wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”，所以用finish的不定式形式to finish，作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 4. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ___________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 【出处】2026年浙江卷1月 【答案】watching 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时，兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻：哔！本句已有谓语动词would dance，此处为独立主格结构，our eyes与watch之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。 5. I remember ___________ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over 18 uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【出处】2026年浙江卷1月 【答案】being pushed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 6. Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ___________ (discover) one of the great wonders of the natural world. 【出处】2025年新高考II卷 【答案】to discover 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：使我失去了发现自然界伟大奇观之一的机会。the chance to do sth.是固定搭配，不定式to discover作后置定语修饰chance，表示"做某事的机会"，故填to discover。 7. We hope ___________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context that is easy to understand. 【出处】2025年新高考I卷 【答案】to present 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意：我们希望以易于理解的视觉方式展示相当抽象的围棋和人工智能。hope to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"希望做某事"，故填to present。 8. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ___________ (scare) to death. 【出处】2025年北京卷 【答案】scared 【解析】考查过去分词作宾补。句意：我有时会给他回电话，担心他可能把什么人吓死了。have sb. done结构中，someone与scare为被动关系（某人被吓），用过去分词scared作宾补，故填scared。 9. The national parks tend ___________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and unique landscapes. 【出处】2024年全国甲卷 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意：国家公园因其面积广阔和独特景观而往往能吸引我们的注意力。tend to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"倾向于做某事"，故填to catch。 10. Taking the time ___________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of connection with nature. 【出处】2024年北京卷 【答案】to rest 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语/固定搭配。句意：花时间休息能让我们与大自然建立更深的联系。take (the) time to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"花时间做某事"，故填to rest。 11. Visitors to the area were often amazed ___________ (find) the deep connection between the two writers. 【出处】2024年新高考II卷 【答案】to find 【解析】考查不定式作原因状语。句意：到该地区的游客常常惊讶地发现两位作家之间的深厚联系。be amazed to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"惊讶地做某事"，故填to find。 12. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ___________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【出处】2024年浙江卷1月 【答案】to benefit 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：然而，如果你正在购买一件商品，额外购买以获取价格折扣带来的好处并不划算。不定式to benefit表示购买额外商品的目的，"为了从降价中受益"，故填to benefit。 13. For thousands of years, people have told fables ___________ (teach) a lesson to their audiences. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 【答案】to teach 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：几千年来，人们通过寓言故事来向听众传递道理。不定式to teach表示讲述寓言的目的，"为了教育人"，故填to teach。 14. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 【答案】borrowing 【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：“从前，在美国腹地有一个小镇，那里的一切生命似乎都与周围环境和谐共处，过着安宁的生活，”她的寓言开头借用了一些古老寓言中常见的词语。fable（主语）与borrow为主动关系（借用），用现在分词borrowing表伴随，故填borrowing。 15. She called for action ___________ (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water”. 【出处】2023年北京卷 【答案】to address 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：她呼吁采取行动应对全世界面临"水资源不足"困境的人们的挣扎。不定式to address表示呼吁行动的目的，"为了应对"，故填to address。 16. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing and spilling their contents. 【出处】2023年新高考I卷 【答案】to be lifted 【解析】考查不定式的被动式作宾补。句意：除了南翔之外，最好的小笼包皮薄馅嫩，它们能够被从蒸笼中提起而不会破裂和溢出内容物。allow sb./sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，them与lift为被动关系（被提起），用不定式被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 17. He had come a long way ___________ (watch) over his kingdom and make sure all was well. 【出处】2023年上海卷 【答案】to watch 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：他远道而来守护自己的王国，确保一切安好。不定式to watch表示来的目的，"为了守护"，故填to watch。 18. ___________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【出处】2022年全国乙卷 【答案】To strengthen; inviting 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了加强茶与年轻人之间的联系，该活动包括一系列活动。不定式to strengthen表目的，句首大写，故填To strengthen。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，表主动关系。故填inviting。 19. ___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the largest protected areas in the world. 【出处】2022年新高考I卷 【答案】Covering 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为世界上最大的保护区之一。the GPNP与cover为主动关系（公园覆盖），用现在分词。句首大写，故填Covering。 20. Fearful that he might have an intention ___________ (harm) her, the princess ran away. 【出处】2022年北京卷 【答案】to harm 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：公主担心他可能有意伤害她，便逃跑了。have an intention to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"有意做某事"，不定式作后置定语修饰intention，故填to harm。 21. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind. 【出处】2022年全国乙卷 【答案】shared 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：它有助于建设一个人类共享未来的共同体。future与share为被动关系（未来被共享），用过去分词shared作定语，故填shared。 22. Alaska is a good place ___________ (see) the aurora borealis because of its long, dark winters. 【出处】2022年上海卷 【答案】to see 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方，因为它有漫长黑暗的冬天。不定式to see作后置定语修饰place，表示"看极光的地方"，故填to see。 23. Minimize the impact of ___________ (visit) the place. 【出处】2021年全国乙卷 【答案】visiting 【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：尽量减少游览该地的影响。介词of后接动名词作宾语，故填visiting。 24. It is possible ___________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers of the wall. 【出处】2021年全国甲卷 【答案】to walk 【解析】考查不定式作真正主语。句意：步行或骑自行车走完全程14公里的城墙是可能的。It is possible to do sth.中，it是形式主语，不定式to walk是真正主语，故填to walk。 25. I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem. 【出处】2021年新高考II卷 【答案】to educate 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们关注这个问题。不定式to educate表示目的，"为了教育人们"，故填to educate。 （二）名校模拟 1. The custom gained emotional depth through the legend of Lady Meng Jiang, who traveled thousands of miles to bring winter clothes to her husband building the Great Wall — only ___________ (learn) he had died. 【出处】安徽省合肥市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月教学质量测评 【答案】to learn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一习俗因孟姜女的传说被赋予了深厚的情感内涵 —— 她跋山涉水，远赴千里为正在修筑长城的丈夫送去冬衣，结果却得知丈夫早已离世。短语 only to do sth.，表示 “不料，结果却”，不定式作结果状语，故填 to learn。 2. Lantern displays add a magical touch to the night, ___________ (bring) the community closer together. 【出处】安徽省皖江名校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 【答案】bringing 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：灯笼展示为夜晚增添了魔幻的色彩，使社区更加紧密。lantern displays与bring为主动关系（展示带来），用现在分词bringing表自然结果，故填bringing。 3. The concert has since gone viral on social media, ___________ (gain) millions of views and likes. 【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟 【答案】gaining 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：此后这场音乐会在社交媒体上走红，获得了数百万的浏览量和点赞。前面整句与gain为主动关系（走红从而获得），用现在分词gaining表自然结果，故填gaining。 4. Many young people expressed that this experiment made them ___________ (appreciate) their cultural heritage more deeply. 【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟 【答案】appreciate 【解析】考查省略to的不定式作宾补。句意：许多年轻人表示，这次实验让他们更深刻地欣赏自己的文化遗产。make sb. do sth.结构中，宾补用省略to的不定式，故填appreciate。 5. People lined up at the food stalls, some ___________ (chat) with the stall owner while waiting. 【出处】2026届山西太原一模 【答案】chatting 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：人们在食品摊位前排起长队，一些人在等待时与摊主聊天。some（指people）是非谓语动词chat的逻辑主语（与句子主语people不同），some与chat为主动关系，构成独立主格，故填chatting。 6. ___________ (title) “Treasure of Earth”, the exhibition presents the beauty of Chinese civilization. 【出处】河南省青桐鸣2025-2026学年高三联考 【答案】Titled 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：展览以"大地之宝"为题，展示了中华文明之美。the exhibition与title为被动关系（展览被命名/题为），用过去分词。句首大写，故填Titled。 7. Preliminary data show that the robots are adapting well, with some units ___________ (bear) fruit in rehearsal performances. 【出处】浙江宁波市镇海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期模拟预测 【答案】bearing 【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：初步数据显示，这些机器人适应情况良好，其中一些单位在排练演出中已经初见成效。在with复合结构中，units与bear fruit（结出果实/初见成效）为主动关系，用现在分词bearing，故填bearing。 8. He serves as a safety officer rather than a ___________ (man) bus driver. 【出处】山东省名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 【答案】manned 【解析】考查过去分词转化来的形容词作定语。句意：他担任安全官员，而不是一名有人操作的公交车司机。man的过去分词manned转化为形容词，表示"有人操作的/有人驾驶的"，修饰bus driver，故填manned。 9. The design copies the ecological cycles of nature, ___________ (generate) a working model of sustainable development. 【出处】山西大学附属中学校2025-2026学年高三下学期5月阶段检测 【答案】generating 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：该设计模仿了自然界的生态循环，从而生成了一个可持续发展的工作模型。design与generate为主动关系（设计产生），用现在分词generating表自然结果，故填generating。 10. I find myself ___________ (draw) to the corner stall where the smell of fresh soy milk is irresistible. 【出处】2026届山西太原一模 【答案】drawn 【解析】考查过去分词作宾补。句意：我发现自己被吸引到角落的摊位，那里新鲜豆浆的香味令人无法抗拒。find oneself done结构中，myself与draw为被动关系（我被吸引），用过去分词drawn，故填drawn。 11. The event, ___________ (occur) 8,200 years ago, brought about significant temperature declines across the Northern Hemisphere. 【出处】2026届河北衡水二模 【答案】occurring 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意：这一发生在8200年前的事件给整个北半球带来了显著的气温下降。the event与occur为主动关系（事件发生），occur是不及物动词无被动形式，用现在分词occurring作后置定语，故填occurring。 12. ___________ (encourage) by the audience's response, the two artists plan to record an album together. 【出处】辽宁省沈阳市东北育才2025-2026学年高三下学期第九次模拟 【答案】Encouraged 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：受到观众反响的鼓舞，两位艺术家计划一起录制一张专辑。the two artists与encourage为被动关系（艺术家被鼓舞），用过去分词。句首大写，故填Encouraged。 13. ___________ (compare) with his sister, he is more diligent in his studies. 【出处】2024届吉林长春六模 【答案】Compared 【解析】考查过去分词作状语（状语从句省略）。句意：与他姐姐相比，他在学习上更加勤奋。完整形式为When he is compared with...，he与compare为被动关系，省略后用过去分词。句首大写，故填Compared。 14. They can form a thick mass in the water, ___________ (provide) a perfect environment for small fish to hide and breed. 【出处】2021届上海卷模拟 【答案】providing 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：它们可以在水中形成一大片，为小鱼提供了完美的藏身和繁殖环境。前面句子与provide为主动关系（形成从而提供），用现在分词providing表自然结果，故填providing。 15. Each band member should choose a song for the whole band ___________ (learn) and perform at the next rehearsal. 【出处】2021届上海卷模拟 【答案】to learn 【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：每个乐队成员应该选一首歌让整个乐队在下次排练时学习和演奏。choose后接“宾语+to do”作宾补，表示“选择某人或某物去做某事”。此处为the whole band选择了歌曲，并期望他们去学习，故填to learn。 16. The research project ___________ (aim) at protecting endangered species has received widespread attention. 【出处】2026届福建泉州一模 【答案】aimed 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：旨在保护濒危物种的研究项目受到了广泛关注。project与aim为被动关系（项目被旨在），be aimed at是固定搭配，用过去分词aimed作后置定语，故填aimed。 17. The professor devoted himself to the research, ___________ (ignore) his own health problems. 【出处】2024届安徽安庆三模 【答案】ignoring 【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：教授全身心投入研究，忽视了自己的健康问题。the professor与ignore为主动关系（教授忽视），用现在分词ignoring表伴随，故填ignoring。 18. The new policy is expected ___________ (reduce) carbon emissions by 30% over the next decade. 【出处】2024届山东日照二模 【答案】to reduce 【解析】考查不定式作主语补语。句意：新政策预计在未来十年内将碳排放减少30%。be expected to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"预计做某事"，故填to reduce。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $