Unit 5 Languages around the World 重点词块复习包（重点短语、词性转换、自测默写、巩固练习） 2026-2027学年高一英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages around the World 知识清单 一、单词词性转换 1. refer（v.）➟ reference（n.）提及；参考；查阅 2. base（v./n.）➟ based（adj.）以……为基础的 ➟ basic（adj.）基本的；基础的 3. variety（n.）➟ various（adj.）不同的；各种各样的 ➟ vary（v.）改变；变化 4. major（adj./n./v.）➟ majority（n.）大多数 ➟ minority（n.）少数 5. mean（v.）➟ means（n.）方式；方法；途径 6. regard（v./n.）➟ regarding（prep.）关于 7. appreciate（v.）➟ appreciation（n.）欣赏；感激 8. equal（adj./n.）➟ equally（adv.）同样地；平等地 ➟ equality（n.）平等 9. demand（v.）➟ demanding（adj.）高要求的；要求严格的 10. description（n.）➟ describe（v.）描述；形容；描绘 11. relate（v.）➟ relation（n.）关系；联系 二、单词及用法搭配 1. native（adj.）本国的；本地的；（n.）本地人；本国人 ① one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语 ② be native to 原产于…… ③ be a native of... ……本地人；原产于……的动植物 2. attitude（n.）态度；看法；姿态 ① attitude to/towards... 对……的态度/看法 ② have/take a(n)...attitude to/towards... 对……持/采取……的态度 3. despite（prep.）即使；尽管（后接名词/动名词） 辨析：even if（连词，后接完整从句）即使；尽管 4. refer（v.）提及；查阅；参考；把……称作 ① refer to...as... 把……称作…… 5. base（v./n.）以……为基础；底部 ① base...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上 ② be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据 ③ at the base of 在……底部；以……为基点 6. date（v.）追溯 ① date back(to...) = date from 追溯到…… ② out of date 过时的，陈旧的 7. variety（n.）变体；多样化 ① a variety of = varieties of 种类繁多的 ② for various reasons 由于种种原因 ③ vary from...to... 从……到……不等 8. major（adj./n./vi.）主要的；主修课程；主修 ① major in 主修……；以……为专业 ② the majority of 大多数……；be in the majority 占大多数 9. means（n.）方式；方法；途径（单复数同形） ① a means of communication 一种通讯工具 ② by this means 通过这种方法 ③ by means of 借助；用……办法 ④ by no means 决不（置于句首句子部分倒装） 拓展：mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；mean to do sth. 打算做某事 10. regard（v./n.）视为；尊重 ① regard/consider...as... 认为……是…… ② have high/no regard for... 高度重视/无视…… ③ with/in regard to sth. 关于某事 11. appreciate（vt.）欣赏；感激；领会；（vi.）增值 ① appreciate + 名词/代词/doing 感激/重视…… ② I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激 ③ express one's appreciation to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人表达谢意 12. struggle（n.&vi.）斗争；奋斗 ① struggle for 为……努力争取/斗争 ② struggle against/with 与……作斗争 ③ struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 ④ struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 13. equal（adj./n.）相等的；同等的人 ① be equal to 等于；胜任（做）某事 ② A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B 14. demand（n./vt.）要求；强烈要求 ① be in (great) demand （迫切）需求 ② meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的要求 ③ demand to do sth. 要求做某事 ④ demand that...(should) do… 从句虚拟语气 15. description（n.）描述；形容 ① be beyond description 难以形容 ② give a description of... 对……进行描述 16. relate（vt.）联系；讲述 ① relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事 ② relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 ③ be related to 与……有关 ④ in relation to 关于 三、重点短语 1. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3. date back (to...) 追溯到 4. the attitude to/towards 对……的态度 5. pay attention to 注意 6. be of great importance 非常重要 7. be known for 因……而出名 8. lead to 导致 9. be connected with 和……有联系 10. play a...role in 在……中起着……的作用 11. point of view 观点；看法 12. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 13. give up 放弃 14. feel like 感觉像 15. used to 过去常常 16. get/be used to 适应，习惯于 17. compare...with... 与……相比较 18. depend on 依靠，取决于 19. be senior to 比……年长 20. aside from 除了……之外 四、单元重点句型 1. This/That was a time when… 这是一个……的时期 例句： ① This was a time when I hated to go to school. ② There was a time when I didn't get along well with my classmates. 2. no matter + 特殊疑问词 引导让步状语从句 例句：No matter how difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart. = However difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart. 3. as 引导时间状语从句，表“随着” 原句：As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. 4. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，就越…… 常用结构： ① the more..., the less... 越……，越不…… ② the more..., the better... 越多越好 例句： ① The more he explained，the more confused I became. ② The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make. 5. 做某事有困难固定搭配 ① have trouble with sth./(in) doing sth. ② have difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth. 例句： ① I hope we won't have any trouble with each other. ② I had no difficulty in making myself understood. 6. 动词 + 疑问词 + to do 不定式结构 例句：I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head，and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly. 五、课文核心词块 1. date back (to) 追溯到 例句：Chinese writing system dates back thousands of years. 2. refer to 指的是；查阅（复习） 例句：Longgu refers to animal bones with carved symbols. 3. no matter + 疑问词 无论……（引导让步状语从句） 例句：No matter what dialect they speak, Chinese can write to communicate. 4. point of view 观点；看法 例句：Classics help us know ancient people’s point of view. 5. bridge the gap 弥合差距、消除隔阂 例句：Learning foreign languages bridges the gap between cultures. 6. be related to 与……有关联 例句：Japanese old characters are related to Chinese ones. 7. struggle for 为……奋斗 例句：People struggled for the development of calligraphy. 8. ups and downs 兴衰；浮沉；荣辱 例句：Chinese civilisation experienced many ups and downs. 六、单元语法：限制性定语从句（关系副词+介词+关系代词） 1. 关系副词：when（时间）/where（地点）/why（原因） ① It was a time when people were separated.（when表时间） ② the country where writing developed（where表地点） ③ reasons why we learn foreign languages（why表原因） 2. 介词+which/whom结构 ① animal bones on which symbols were carved ② the teacher to whom I spoke just now 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Languages around the World 答案 词性转换 1. reference 2. based；basic 3. various；vary 4. majority；minority 5. means 6. regarding 7. appreciation 8. equally；equality 9. demanding 10. describe 11. relation 短语中文 1. 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2. 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3. 追溯到 4. 对……的态度 5. 注意 6. 非常重要 7. 因……而出名 8. 导致 9. 和……有联系 10. 在……中起着……的作用 11. 观点；看法 12. 与……相关；涉及；谈到 13. 放弃 14. 感觉像 15. 过去常常 16. 适应，习惯于 17. 与……相比较 18. 依靠，取决于 19. 比……年长 20. 除了……之外 语法填空 1.is 2.Dating 3.symbols 4.highly 5.when 6.importance 7.by 8.were written 9.an 10.to appreciate  阅读理解 1.答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要向我们介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的一些差异。 2.答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据后文的…when talking about the place where they live, Americans would say “apartment”, but the British would say “flat”.可知，这里是说有些单词的用法“不一样”，由此可知答案。 3.答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels.可知答案。 4.答案：B 解析：篇章结构题。文章第一段总领全文，指出英式英语和美式英语存在四个方面的差异，后面四段分点进行对比分析，由此可知答案。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Languages around the World 默写单与巩固练习 一、词性转换 1. refer（v.）➟ ______（n.） 2. base（v./n.）➟ ______（adj.）➟ ______（adj.） 3. variety（n.）➟ ______（adj.）➟ ______（v.） 4. major（adj./n./v.）➟ ______（n.）➟ ______（n.） 5. mean（v.）➟ ______（n.） 6. regard（v./n.）➟ ______（prep.） 7. appreciate（v.）➟ ______（n.） 8. equal（adj./n.）➟ ______（adv.）➟ ______（n.） 9. demand（v.）➟ ______（adj.） 10. description（n.）➟ ______（v.） 11. relate（v.）➟ ______（n.） 二、重点短语（英译汉） 1. refer to ____________ 2. ups and downs ____________ 3. date back (to...) ____________ 4. the attitude to/towards ____________ 5. pay attention to ____________ 6. be of great importance ____________ 7. be known for ____________ 8. lead to ____________ 9. be connected with ____________ 10. play a...role in ____________ 11. point of view ____________ 12. relate to ____________ 13. give up ____________ 14. feel like ____________ 15. used to ____________ 16. get/be used to ____________ 17. compare...with... ____________ 18. depend on ____________ 19. be senior to ____________ 20. aside from ____________ 三、语法填空 China's ancient civilization has continued into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history．One of the main factors 1．________(be) the Chinese writing system． 2．________(date) back several thousand years to longgu, written Chinese was a picturebased language． At that time, people carved some 3．________(symbol) on animal bones and shells．By the Shang Dynasty, it had been already a 4．________(high) developed system． Later, there was a time 5．________ the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters． Chinese writing system was fixed from Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country． The writing system is not only of great 6．________(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture, but also an important means 7．________ which China's present is connected with its past．Today, we can read the classic works which 8．________(write) by Chinese in ancient times．Now, Chinese calligraphy, as 9．________ art form, has become an important part of Chinese culture． With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10．________(appreciate) China's culture and history． 四、阅读理解 British English and American English are almost the same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar. The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately. For example, when talking about the place where they live, Americans would say "apartment", but the British would say "flat". In addition to some common words, many idiomatic (惯用的) expressions are also different. In England people might say "I'll ring you up tonight", but in the US, people might say "I'll call you up tonight". The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Americans and the British don't understand each other's pronunciation. But most of the time, they do understand each other's pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same. The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like "center". In British English, this word would be spelled C-E-N-T-R-E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C-E-N-T-E-R. Another example is "or" vs "our". The word "color" is spelled C-O-L-O-U-R in Britain but C-O-L-O-R in the US. There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say "Have you got ...?" while Americans prefer "Do you have ...?" An American might say "My friend just arrived", but a British would say "My friend has just arrived". Sometimes function words are used differently: the British may say "at the weekend", but Americans would say "on the weekend". 1.What is this passage mainly about? A. How the British communicate with Americans. B. How British English influences American English. C. The development of different languages. D. Differences between British and American English. 2.What does the underlined word "disparately" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Widely. B. Differently. C. Again. D. Often. 3.According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may not understand each other because of ______. A. the differences in spelling B. the different idiomatic expressions C. the differences in grammar D. the different ways of using vowels 4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? A. B. C. D. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $