做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 6（记叙文阅读）

该高中英语学习任务单聚焦高考记叙文阅读高频词汇，系统整合24个核心单词及6个短语，以“真题语境再现-词汇深度梳理-词形变换拓展-应用场景练习”为逻辑架构，通过问题导向的选词填空、单词填空等任务设计，引导学生自主构建词汇知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于“真题驱动-词汇应用-语篇整合”的三阶自主学习路径，如板块四分组选词填空、板块五首字母拼写等自测工具，助力学生精准诊断词汇掌握情况，培养语言能力与思维品质。各模块配备参考答案与解析，支持学生自主纠错反思，教师可依据学情数据实施个性化指导，有效提升学生自主复习效率与备考实效。

高考高频单词 DAY 6（记叙文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 （2023·全国一卷·高考真题） When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an ecomachine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecomachine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouselike facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an ecomachine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. "Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to selfrepair." 24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the ecomachine. 26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John's research plans. B. To show an application of John's idea. C. To compare John's different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John's invention. 27.What is the basis for John's work? A. Nature can selfrepair. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 板块二：核心词汇（共30个，单词24个 + 短语6个） 单词 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索 observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 观察 solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决 creature /ˈkriːtʃə/ n. 生物 wonder /ˈwʌndə/ v. 想知道；n. 奇迹 process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程 agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ n. 农业 medicine /ˈmedɪsn/ n. 医学；药 fisheries /ˈfɪʃəriz/ n. 渔业（复数） trap /træp/ v. 捕获；n. 陷阱 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ n. 化学物质；adj. 化学的 combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 结合；组合 waste /weɪst/ n. 废物；v. 浪费 substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ n. 物质 sludge /slʌdʒ/ n. 污泥 construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 建造 fiberglass /ˈfaɪbəɡlɑːs/ n. 玻璃纤维 tank /tæŋk/ n. 水箱；槽 ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 digest /daɪˈdʒest/ v. 消化；理解 sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ n. 污水 ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生态的 organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n. 有机体；生物体 短语 clean up 清理 take on 承担；呈现 set for 为自己设定（任务） get used to 习惯于 selfrepair 自我修复 inquiring mind 好奇求知的心 板块三：词形变换 1. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索 — exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 — explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə/ n. 探索者 2. observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 观察 — observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察 — observer /əbˈzɜːvə/ n. 观察者 3. solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决 — solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决方案 — solvable /ˈsɒlvəbl/ adj. 可解决的 4. harm /hɑːm/ n./v. 伤害 — harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 — harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj. 无害的 5. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 结合 — combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 结合 — combined /kəmˈbaɪnd/ adj. 结合的 6. construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 建造 — construction /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 建造 — constructive /kənˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 建设性的 7. digest /daɪˈdʒest/ v. 消化 — digestion /daɪˈdʒestʃən/ n. 消化 — digestive /daɪˈdʒestɪv/ adj. 消化的 8. ecology /ɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 生态 — ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生态的 — ecologically /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkli/ adv. 生态上 9. organ /ˈɔːɡən/ n. 器官 — organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n. 生物体 — organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的 10. relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v. 联系 — relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n. 关系 — relative /ˈrelətɪv/ adj. 相对的 11. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展 — development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展 — developed /dɪˈveləpt/ adj. 发达的 板块四：选词填空（共两组） Group A（备选词汇：explore, observe, solve, creature, wonder, process, agriculture, medicine, fisheries, trap） 用所给词的正确形式填空，每个词限用一次。 1. The scientist spent years ________ the rainforest to discover new species. 2. It is important to ________ how animals behave in their natural habitat. 3. The engineer managed to ________ the technical problem with a creative method. 4. The tiny ________ lives in the deep ocean and glows in the dark. 5. I ________ whether it is possible to travel to Mars in the near future. 6. The ________ of photosynthesis is essential for plant growth. 7. Modern ________ relies heavily on technology to increase crop yields. 8. She decided to study ________ in order to become a doctor. 9. The local ________ industry has been affected by overfishing. 10. The spider uses its web to ________ insects for food. Group B（备选词汇：harmful, chemical, combination, waste, substance, sludge, construct, fiberglass, tank, ecosystem） 用所给词的正确形式填空，每个词限用一次。 11. Smoking is extremely ________ to your health. 12. The factory released dangerous ________ into the river. 13. A ________ of hard work and talent led to her success. 14. We should not ________ food when there are people starving. 15. This ________ is used to clean the surface of metals. 16. The ________ from the factory was treated before being discharged. 17. The workers ________ a new bridge across the river last year. 18. The boat is made of ________, which is light and strong. 19. The fish in the ________ were fed twice a day. 20. The forest ________ supports a wide variety of plants and animals. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The ________ (explore) of the unknown region took them three months. 22. Careful ________ (observe) of the patient's symptoms led to the correct diagnosis. 23. The ________ (solve) to the problem was found after hours of discussion. 24. The ________ (combine) of these two drugs can have serious side effects. 25. The ________ (construct) of the new stadium will begin next year. 26. Good ________ (digest) is important for overall health. 27. The ________ (ecology) balance of the area has been disturbed. 28. The two companies have a close ________ (relate) with each other. 29. The ________ (develop) of renewable energy is a global priority. 30. The ________ (harm) effects of pollution are well documented. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据句意和首字母补全单词） 31. The children were eager to e__________ the cave behind the waterfall. 32. Scientists o__________ the behavior of dolphins for many years. 33. The math problem was difficult, but she finally s__________ it. 34. The forest is home to many different c__________, including bears and wolves. 35. I w__________ if we will ever find a cure for this disease. 36. The p__________ of making paper involves many steps. 37. The farmer studied a__________ to improve his crop production. 38. She wants to pursue a career in m__________ to help sick people. 39. The spider t__________ the fly in its web. 40. The c__________ of hydrogen and oxygen forms water. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为核心词） Passage A John Todd had an inquiring mind since childhood. He loved to observe how nature solved problems. After studying agriculture and medicine, he wondered if he could clean up waste using the natural process. He constructed a series of tanks and built an ecosystem with plants and animals. When he added sludge, the organisms digested it and left pure water. This application of ecological design proved that nature can selfrepair. Passage B In modern cities, sewage treatment is a big challenge. Many harmful substances and chemicals are removed through complex processes. John Todd's ecomachine takes on this task by combining different organisms in a fiberglass tank. The combination of plants and animals forms a stable ecosystem that can digest pollutants. This ecological method is more sustainable than conventional treatments. Passage C The story of John Todd teaches us that creativity often comes from observing nature. His work demonstrates that we should not waste resources but instead find ways to reuse them. The basis of his approach is the belief that nature has the ability to repair itself. Whether it is cleaning a dirty stream or treating city sewage, the principle remains the same. By studying how organisms interact, we can develop new solutions to environmental problems. John's invention has been applied in many places, including Fuzhou, China, proving its effectiveness. 板块七：参考译文（板块一完整真题语篇全文翻译） 约翰·托德小时候喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察自然如何解决问题。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流过植物和岩石（上面有微小生物）后常常变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们造成的脏乱。 在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到观察自然和提出问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类能吃掉致癌化学物质？他想，通过动植物的正确组合，也许他能像自然界那样清理废物。他决定建造他后来所称的生态机器。 约翰为自己设定的任务是从污泥中去除有害物质。首先，他建造了一系列相连的透明玻璃纤维水箱。然后他去当地的池塘和溪流带回一些植物和动物。他把它们放进水箱并等待。渐渐地，这些不同种类的生命相互适应，形成了自己的生态系统。几周后，约翰加入了污泥。 他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器中的动植物以污泥为食并开始吃掉它！几周内，污泥全部被消化，只留下纯净水。 多年来，约翰承担了许多大型工程。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，处理了南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一个生态机器来清理中国东南部城市福州的水道。 “生态设计”是约翰给他所做的事情起的名字。“地球上的生命对发明家来说就像一盒备件，”他说，“你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后你让这些新系统发展出自己的自我修复方式。” 【参考答案】 板块一答案 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．B 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了John Todd通过观察大自然的自我修复，借鉴自然界生态系统，来清理污染物的故事。 【详解】 24.C 推理判断题 根据前两段可知，John Todd小时候喜欢探索森林，观察自然界是如何解决问题的。长大之后，在大学学习了相关专业知识，他开始思考这种自然现象是否可以用来解决人类制造的污染问题，说明他有探究事物的好奇心，善于思考，因此C选项正确。 25.D 推理判断题 据第三段第一、二句The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge. First, he constructed ... 以及第四段可知，John Todd要建一个生态机器，去除污泥中的有害物质，他先建立了一个生态系统，然后将污泥加入其中，以观察生态机器的处理效果，因此D选项正确。 26.B 写作目的 根据第五段最后一句He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.可知，提及福州是因为John Todd曾经在那里设计了一个生态机器来清理运河水，这是John Todd所设计的生态机器的一个应用案例，因此B选项正确。 27.A 事实细节题 从文章末段最后两句You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.可知，John Todd的研究依据是观察自然界生态系统，他认为生态系统具有自我修复的能力，因此A选项正确。 板块四答案 Group A exploring observe solve creature wonder process agriculture medicine fisheries trap Group B harmful chemicals combination waste substance sludge constructed fiberglass tank ecosystem 板块五答案 A. 单句语法填空 exploration observation solution combination construction digestion ecological relationship development harmful B. 首字母单词拼写 explore observe solved creatures wonder process agriculture medicine trapped combination 板块六答案（参考译文） Passage A 约翰·托德从小就有一颗好奇求知的心。他喜欢观察大自然如何解决问题。学习农业和医学后，他想知道是否能利用自然过程来清理废物。他建造了一系列水箱，并用动植物建立了一个生态系统。当他加入污泥时，生物体消化了它，留下了纯净水。生态设计的这一应用证明了自然可以自我修复。 Passage B 在现代城市中，污水处理是一个大挑战。许多有害物质和化学物质通过复杂的过程被去除。约翰·托德的生态机器通过在一个玻璃纤维水箱中结合不同的生物体来承担这项任务。动植物组合形成一个稳定的生态系统，可以消化污染物。这种生态方法比传统处理方法更可持续。 Passage C 约翰·托德的故事告诉我们，创造力往往来自观察自然。他的工作表明我们不应浪费资源，而应想办法重新利用它们。他方法的基础是相信自然有能力自我修复。无论是清理肮脏的小溪还是处理城市污水，原理都是一样的。通过研究生物体如何相互作用，我们可以开发出新的环境问题解决方案。约翰的发明已在许多地方得到应用，包括中国福州，证明了其有效性。 $