做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 7（记叙文阅读）

该高中英语高考复习任务单以记叙文阅读为核心载体，系统整合高频词汇（24单词+6短语）、词形变换、语篇应用等考点，通过“真题再现-词汇梳理-练习巩固”三层架构，引导学生结合2022全国一卷真题语境自主构建词汇网络，形成从理解到应用的完整学习链。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层训练设计，如选词填空分两组考查词汇辨析与语境运用，单词填空涵盖语法变换和首字母拼写双维度自测，语篇翻译强化核心词汇在真实语境中的输出，有效培养语言能力和学习能力。教师可通过练习结果精准定位学生薄弱点，助力个性化复习指导。

高考高频单词 DAY 7（记叙文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 （2022·全国一卷·高考真题） Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jawdropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" but quite edible vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world." If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat," Curtin says. 24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 26.What does Curtin's company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 27.What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. 板块二：核心词汇（共30个，单词24个 + 短语6个） 单词 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 mindful /ˈmaɪndfl/ adj. 注意的；留心的 waste /weɪst/ n. 浪费；废物 v. 浪费 invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 邀请 produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产；产生 edible /ˈedəbl/ adj. 可食用的 grocer /ˈɡrəʊsə/ n. 杂货商 resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ n. 资源 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的 producer /prəˈdjuːsə/ n. 生产者 greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室 refrigerator /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə/ n. 冰箱 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠（文中为donated） strawberry /ˈstrɔːbəri/ n. 草莓 recover /rɪˈkʌvə/ v. 回收；恢复 donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠 blemish /ˈblemɪʃ/ v. 损害；n. 瑕疵（文中为blemished） rot /rɒt/ v. 腐烂（文中为rotted） volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. 志愿者 obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ adj. 明显的 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的 include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包括 consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 后果 短语 go against 违背；反对 play a part in 在……中起作用 pay attention to 注意 end up 最终 go bad 变质 turn into 变成 板块三：词形变换 1. mind /maɪnd/ n. 思想 v. 介意 — mindful /ˈmaɪndfl/ adj. 留心的 — mindfully /ˈmaɪndfəli/ adv. 留心地 2. invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ v. 邀请 — invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 邀请 — inviting /ɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ/ adj. 诱人的 3. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产 — product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 — production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产 — producer /prəˈdjuːsə/ n. 生产者 4. eat /iːt/ v. 吃 — edible /ˈedəbl/ adj. 可食用的 — inedible /ɪnˈedəbl/ adj. 不可食用的 5. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 — environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的 — environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ adv. 环境地 6. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠 — donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠 — donor /ˈdəʊnə/ n. 捐赠者 7. rot /rɒt/ v. 腐烂 — rotten /ˈrɒtn/ adj. 腐烂的 — rotting /ˈrɒtɪŋ/ adj. 正在腐烂的 8. obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ adj. 明显的 — obviously /ˈɒbviəsli/ adv. 明显地 9. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 — reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ n. 减少 — reducible /rɪˈdjuːsəbl/ adj. 可减少的 10. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买 — purchaser /ˈpɜːtʃəsə/ n. 购买者 — purchasable /ˈpɜːtʃəsəbl/ adj. 可购买的 11. necessity /nəˈsesəti/ n. 必要性 — necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的 — necessarily /ˌnesəˈserəli/ adv. 必然地 板块四：选词填空（共两组） Group A（备选词汇：mindful, waste, invitation, produce, edible, grocer, resource, environmental, producer, greenhouse） 用所给词的正确形式填空，每个词限用一次。 1. We should be ________ of the amount of water we use every day. 2. It is a shame to ________ food when so many people are hungry. 3. She received an ________ to attend the charity dinner. 4. The factory ________ over 10,000 cars each year. 5. These mushrooms are ________ and safe to eat. 6. The local ________ sells fresh vegetables every morning. 7. Water is a precious ________ that we should not take for granted. 8. The government has introduced new ________ protection laws. 9. China is the world's largest ________ of rice. 10. The ________ effect is causing global temperatures to rise. Group B（备选词汇：refrigerator, donate, recover, donation, blemish, rot, volunteer, obvious, reduce, purchase） 用所给词的正确形式填空，每个词限用一次。 11. Please put the milk back in the ________ after you use it. 12. Many people ________ money to charities during the holiday season. 13. The company aims to ________ the cost of production by 20 percent. 14. She made a generous ________ to the local hospital. 15. The apples had some ________ on their skin but were still good to eat. 16. The fallen fruit began to ________ on the ground. 17. The school is looking for ________ to help clean up the park. 18. It is ________ that he is not interested in the project. 19. I need to ________ some new clothes for the winter. 20. The recycling center ________ valuable materials from household waste. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The ________ (invite) to the party was sent to all the employees. 22. The ________ (produce) of this new drug has increased greatly. 23. The ________ (environment) impact of plastic waste is alarming. 24. She made a ________ (donate) of one million dollars to the university. 25. The ________ (obvious) of his mistake made him feel embarrassed. 26. The ________ (reduce) of air pollution requires joint efforts. 27. The ________ (purchase) of this house was a wise decision. 28. There is no ________ (necessary) for you to come if you are busy. 29. The ________ (volunteer) work she does is truly admirable. 30. The ________ (recover) of lost items depends on how quickly you act. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据句意和首字母补全单词） 31. We should be m________ of our daily water consumption. 32. It is a shame to w________ food when so many people are suffering from hunger. 33. She received an i________ to the wedding but couldn't attend. 34. The factory p________ thousands of tons of steel every year. 35. These wild mushrooms are not e________ and can cause poisoning. 36. The local g________ sells fresh fruit and vegetables. 37. Water is a limited r________ that we must protect. 38. E________ pollution is one of the biggest problems we face today. 39. The company is a leading p________ of electronic devices. 40. The g________ effect is causing the Earth's temperature to rise. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为核心词） Passage A Food waste is a serious problem that we cannot ignore. Many people are not mindful of how much food they throw away. A grocer may reject perfectly edible vegetables simply because they look ugly. A family may purchase more food than necessary and end up throwing it away when it goes bad. The consequences are environmental as well as moral. If everyone plays a part in reducing waste, we can make a big difference. Passage B Mike Curtin's organization recovers food that would otherwise rot in fields or be thrown away. They accept donations from grocers and farmers, and volunteers help turn the food into healthy meals. The strawberries that were blemished but still edible were washed, cut, and frozen for later use. This obvious solution seems simple, yet it goes against the common practice of throwing away "ugly" food. Curtin suggests that everyone should pay attention to their purchasing habits. Passage C The story of the arugula in the author's refrigerator is a small example of a huge problem. Food waste is the third largest producer of greenhouse gases, which contributes to climate change. Reducing waste not only saves resources but also helps protect the environment. The invitation to change our habits is clear: buy only what you need, donate what you cannot use, and volunteer to help recover food for those in need. This environmental responsibility is something every one of us should take on. 板块七：参考译文（板块一完整真题语篇全文翻译） 像我们大多数人一样，我尽量留意食物浪费的问题。芝麻菜本用来做一份不错的蔬菜沙拉，为一顿烤鸡晚餐画上完美句号。但我最后加班了。接着朋友们打来电话邀请吃晚饭。我把鸡肉放进了冰箱。但几天过去了，芝麻菜坏了。更糟的是，我不假思索地买了太多；我扔掉的那些本来可以做六份沙拉。 在这个每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界里，“浪费食物违背道德准则，”正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写。大量完好的食物被扔掉，令人瞠目结舌——从被杂货商拒绝的“丑陋”但完全可以食用的蔬菜，到被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的大量未吃的菜肴。 生产没人吃的食物浪费了用于种植的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体生产国。” 如果这很难理解，我们不妨把它想得和我冰箱后面的芝麻菜一样简单。迈克·科廷经常看到我的芝麻菜故事——但对他来说，更像是12箱快要过期的捐赠草莓。科廷是华盛顿特区DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司回收食物并将其变成健康的餐食。去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品（否则就会烂在地里）回收了超过807,500磅的食物。那些草莓呢？志愿者会清洗、切块，然后冷冻或烘干，以备日后制作餐食时使用。 这些方法似乎显而易见，但我们常常就是不去想。“每个人都可以在减少浪费中发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买超出必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包含你不会吃的配菜，”科廷说。 【参考答案】 板块一答案 【答案】24．B 25．B 26．D 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，呼吁人们节约粮食，减少浪费，珍惜劳动成果，保护自然资源。 【详解】 24.B 推理判断题 根据第一段I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. But I ended up working late ... unthinkingly bought way too much.可知，作者有心避免浪费食物，但却因加班、与朋友聚餐以及买得太多而使得芝麻菜腐坏，由此推断我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。B选项中的unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义异构。 25.B 事实细节题 根据第三段前两句Producing food that no one eats wastes the water ... an environmental problem.可知，食物浪费会引发环境问题。 26.D 事实细节题 根据第四段第三句Curtin is CEO of ...recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.可知，Curtin所在的公司旨在将人们不想要的食品转化为健康的食物，D项符合文意。 27.A 事实细节题 根据最后一段第二句Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by ... or by ... you won't eat.可知，Curtin建议人们通过仅购买所需食品，以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪费，A项符合文意。 板块四答案 Group A mindful waste invitation produces edible grocer resource environmental producer greenhouse Group B refrigerator donate reduce donation blemishes rot volunteers obvious purchase recovers 板块五答案 A. 单句语法填空 invitation production environmental donation obviousness reduction purchase necessity volunteer recovery B. 首字母单词拼写 mindful waste invitation produces edible grocer resource Environmental producer greenhouse 板块六答案（参考译文） Passage A 食物浪费是一个我们不能忽视的严重问题。许多人不注意他们扔掉了多少食物。杂货商可能会拒绝完全可食用的蔬菜，仅仅因为它们看起来丑陋。一个家庭可能会购买超出必要量的食物，最终在食物变质时将其扔掉。后果既是环境方面的，也是道德方面的。如果每个人都在减少浪费中发挥作用，我们就可以带来巨大的改变。 Passage B 迈克·科廷的组织回收那些否则会烂在地里或被扔掉的食品。他们接受杂货商和农民的捐赠，志愿者帮助将这些食物变成健康的餐食。那些有瑕疵但仍然可以食用的草莓被清洗、切块并冷冻以备后用。这个显而易见的解决方案看似简单，但它违背了扔掉“丑陋”食物的普遍做法。科廷建议每个人都应该注意自己的购买习惯。 Passage C 作者冰箱里的芝麻菜故事是一个巨大问题的小例子。食物浪费是第三大温室气体生产者，这导致了气候变化。减少浪费不仅节约资源，还有助于保护环境。改变我们习惯的邀请是明确的：只购买你需要的东西，捐赠你用不完的，志愿帮助回收食物给需要的人。这个环境责任是我们每个人都应承担的。 $