内容正文:
高考高频单词 DAY 40(说明文阅读)
板块一:真题再现
[(2017·全国三卷·高考真题)]
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
28.What is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
29.What does the underlined word "displaced" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.
30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?
A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park's income.
C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals.
31.What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
板块二:核心词汇(30个)
做高考真题,记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times!
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ 辩论;争论
reintroduce /ˌriːɪntrəˈdjuːs/ 重新引入
catch /kætʃ/ 捕捉
transport /trænˈspɔːt/ 运输
population /ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən/ 种群;人口
continental /ˌkɒntɪˈnentəl/ 大陆的
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ 逐渐地
displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ 迫使离开;取代
development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ 发展
practically /ˈpræktɪkəli/ 几乎;实际上
disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə/ 消失
forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ 森林
unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ 意想不到的
source /sɔːs/ 来源
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 消耗;吃掉
vegetation /ˌvedʒɪˈteɪʃən/ 植被
diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 多样性
absence /ˈæbsəns/ 缺席;缺乏
coyote /kaɪˈəʊti/ 郊狼
percentage /pəˈsentɪdʒ/ 百分比
drive away 赶走;驱赶
beaver /ˈbiːvə/ 河狸
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ 生物学家
oppose /əˈpəʊz/ 反对
fear /fɪə/ 害怕;担心
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə/ 监控
manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ 管理
pack /pæk/ 兽群;包
comeback /ˈkʌmbæk/ 恢复;回归
valuable /ˈvæljuəbəl/ 有价值的
板块三:词形变换(供背诵)
1. debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ 辩论 — debatable /dɪˈbeɪtəbəl/ 有争议的 — debater /dɪˈbeɪtə/ 辩论者 — debating /dɪˈbeɪtɪŋ/ 辩论 — undebatable /ˌʌndɪˈbeɪtəbəl/ 无可争议的
2. introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ 引进 — reintroduce /ˌriːɪntrəˈdjuːs/ 重新引入 — introduction /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/ 引进 — reintroduction /ˌriːɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/ 重新引入 — introductory /ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/ 介绍性的
3. transport /trænˈspɔːt/ 运输 — transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən/ 运输 — transporter /trænˈspɔːtə/ 运输者 — transportable /trænˈspɔːtəbəl/ 可运输的 — untransportable /ˌʌntrænˈspɔːtəbəl/ 不可运输的
4. place /pleɪs/ 放置 — displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ 取代;迫使离开 — displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ 取代 — misplaced /ˌmɪsˈpleɪst/ 放错地方的 — replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ 取代
5. appear /əˈpɪə/ 出现 — disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə/ 消失 — appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ 出现 — disappearance /ˌdɪsəˈpɪərəns/ 消失 — reappear /ˌriːəˈpɪə/ 再次出现
6. expect /ɪkˈspekt/ 期望 — unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ 意想不到的 — unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/ 意料外地 — expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/ 期望 — unexpectant /ˌʌnɪkˈspektənt/ 不期望的
7. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 消耗 — consumer /kənˈsjuːmə/ 消费者 — consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ 消耗 — consumable /kənˈsjuːməbəl/ 可消耗的 — overconsumption /ˌəʊvəkənˈsʌmpʃən/ 过度消耗
8. diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ 多样的 — diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 多样性 — diversify /daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ/ 使多样化 — diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ 多样化 — diversified /daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪd/ 多样化的
9. oppose /əˈpəʊz/ 反对 — opposition /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/ 反对 — opposed /əˈpəʊzd/ 反对的 — opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ 相反的 — opposing /əˈpəʊzɪŋ/ 对立的
10. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ 管理 — management /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ 管理 — manager /ˈmænɪdʒə/ 经理 — manageable /ˈmænɪdʒəbəl/ 可管理的 — unmanageable /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/ 难以管理的
11. value /ˈvæljuː/ 价值 — valuable /ˈvæljuəbəl/ 有价值的 — invaluable /ɪnˈvæljuəbəl/ 无价的 — valueless /ˈvæljuːləs/ 无价值的 — undervalue /ˌʌndəˈvæljuː/ 低估
板块四:选词填空
Group A(从以下8个词汇中选择填空,每个词限用一次)
可选词汇:debate, reintroduce, catch, transport, population, continental, gradually, disappear
1. There is ongoing __________ about whether to bring wolves back to the park.
2. Fourteen wolves were __________ed in Canada.
3. The wolves were __________ed to the park by airplane.
4. The wolf __________ has increased to over 170.
5. __________ wolves once roamed across the entire United States.
6. Over time, the wolves __________ed from the Yellowstone area.
7. The __________ of wolves from the area was a loss for the ecosystem.
8. The wolves were __________ returned to their natural habitat.
Group B(从以下7个词汇中选择填空,每个词限用一次)
可选词汇:elk, coyote, beaver, absence, consume, vegetation, diversity
9. Deer and __________ populations grew rapidly.
10. The __________ of wolves allowed other species to multiply.
11. These animals __________ed large amounts of plants.
12. Plant __________ declined as a result of overgrazing.
13. __________s also grew quickly without wolves to control them.
14. Red foxes and __________s were driven away from the park.
15. The reduction in plant __________ led to habitat loss for many species.
板块五:单词填空
A. 单句语法填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
16. The __________ (reintroduce) of wolves to Yellowstone has been studied extensively.
17. The wolves were __________ (gradual) displaced by human development.
18. The __________ (disappear) of wolves had many unexpected results.
19. Deer and elk populations grew __________ (rapid) without wolves to control them.
20. The animals __________ (consume) large amounts of vegetation.
21. Plant diversity __________ (reduce) significantly in the park.
22. Coyote populations also __________ (grow) quickly in the absence of wolves.
23. The coyotes __________ (kill) a large percentage of red foxes.
24. Beavers __________ (drive) away from the park completely.
25. The Yellowstone wolf project has been __________ (value) for conservation.
B. 首字母单词拼写(根据首字母和句意补全单词)
26. The r__________ of wolves to Yellowstone has been controversial.
27. The wolves were c__________ in Canada and transported to the park.
28. The w__________ population has grown to over 170.
29. The d__________ of wolves had many unexpected results.
30. Elk and deer c__________ large amounts of vegetation.
31. Plant d__________ declined due to overgrazing.
32. C__________ populations grew quickly without wolves.
33. Red foxes and b__________ were driven away from the park.
34. The e__________ of the park was severely affected by these changes.
35. The wolf project has been v__________ for conservation efforts.
板块六:语篇翻译(英译汉,黑体词为关键)
Passage A
The reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park was the subject of intense debate for many years. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. Over time, the wolf population grew to over 170. Before this project, wolves had been gradually displaced by human development and had practically disappeared from the area by the 1920s.
Passage B
The absence of wolves had unexpected consequences for Yellowstone's ecosystem. Without wolves to control them, deer and elk populations grew rapidly and consumed huge amounts of vegetation, reducing plant diversity. Coyote numbers also increased, and they killed a large percentage of red foxes and drove away the park's beavers. This ecological imbalance prompted biologists to advocate for the wolves' return.
Passage C
After years of planning, the government approved the reintroduction of wolves in 1995. Today, the wolves are monitored and managed by wildlife officials. The debate over their impact continues, but the results are encouraging: elk and coyote populations have declined, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project is now considered a valuable experiment in ecological restoration. It demonstrates that reintroducing a key species can help restore the balance of an entire ecosystem.
板块七:参考译文
经过多年激烈的辩论,灰狼被重新引入黄石国家公园。14只狼在加拿大被捕获并运送到公园。到去年,黄石的狼群数量已经增长到170多只。
灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区随处可见,但它们逐渐被人类的发展所取代。到了20世纪20年代,狼几乎从黄石地区消失了。它们向北进入加拿大更深处的森林,那里的人类较少。
狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的后果。鹿和麋鹿的种群——狼的主要食物来源——迅速增长。这些动物消耗了大量的植被,减少了公园的植物多样性。在没有狼的情况下,郊狼的数量也迅速增长。郊狼杀死了公园里很大一部分的红狐,并完全赶走了公园里的河狸。
早在1966年,生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园。他们希望狼能够控制麋鹿和郊狼的问题。许多农民反对这个计划,因为他们担心狼会杀死他们的农场动物或宠物。
政府花了近30年的时间制定了一个重新引入狼的计划。美国鱼类和野生动物管理局仔细监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。今天,关于灰狼在黄石公园适应得如何的争论仍在继续。麋鹿、鹿和郊狼的数量下降了,而河狸和红狐已经卷土重来。黄石狼项目是一个有价值的实验,帮助生物学家决定是否也将狼重新引入到该国的其他地区。
板块八:单词默写(汉译英)
辩论;争论 __________
重新引入 __________
捕捉 __________
运输 __________
种群;人口 __________
大陆的 __________
逐渐地 __________
迫使离开;取代 __________
发展 __________
几乎;实际上 __________
消失 __________
森林 __________
意想不到的 __________
来源 __________
消耗;吃掉 __________
植被 __________
多样性 __________
缺席;缺乏 __________
郊狼 __________
百分比 __________
赶走;驱赶 __________
河狸 __________
生物学家 __________
反对 __________
害怕;担心 __________
监控 __________
管理 __________
兽群;包 __________
恢复;回归 __________
有价值的 __________
【参考答案】
板块一 真题再现答案
28.D 29.C 30.A 31. B
【导语】本文一篇说明文,主要介绍了黄石国家公园里灰狼的消失导致了一系列问题:鹿和郊狼的数量递增、植被的多样性减少、红狐和河狸的数量减少。经过多年的争论和探讨,生态学家最终决定将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园,从而改善了公园里的生态环境。
【详解】
28.D 主旨大意题 文章开头便提出了全文的主旨 gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park,接下来的内容都是围绕这一主题展开的,包括为什么引入灰狼,以及引入后的效果等等。
29.C 词义猜测题 根据上下文语境,以及下文多次出现的 disappeared 可知,此处指灰狼被迫离开了黄石国家公园。
30.A 推理判断题 文章第三段提到灰狼的消失导致了很多问题:鹿和郊狼的数量递增、植被的多样性减少、红狐和河狸的数量减少,这些都属于给当地生态环境带来的破坏。
31.B 观点态度题 文章最后一段提到,灰狼的引入改善了黄石国家公园的生态,作者认为这一举措对于生态学家们决定是否将灰狼引入到其它地方起到了很有价值的实验性作用。由此可知,作者持的是肯定的态度。
板块四 选词填空答案
Group A
debate
caught
transported
population
Continental
disappeared
disappearance
gradually
Group B
elk
absence
consumed
diversity
Coyotes
beavers
diversity
板块五 单词填空答案
A. 单句语法填空
reintroduction
gradually
disappearance
rapidly
consumed
was reduced
grew
killed
were driven
valuable
B. 首字母单词拼写
reintroduction
caught
wolf
disappearance
consumed
diversity
Coyote
beavers
ecosystem
valuable
板块六 语篇翻译参考译文
Passage A
灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园是多年来激烈争论的主题。14只狼在加拿大被捕获并运输到公园。随着时间的推移,狼种群 增长到170多只。在这个项目之前,狼已经被人类发展 逐渐 赶走,到20世纪20年代已几乎从该地区消失。
Passage B
狼的缺失给黄石的生态系统带来了意想不到的 后果。没有狼来控制它们,鹿和麋鹿的种群 迅速 增长,消耗了大量的植被,减少了 植物 多样性。郊狼的数量也增加了,它们杀死了大量百分比的红狐,并赶走了公园里的河狸。这种生态 失衡 促使 生物学家 倡导狼的回归。
Passage C
经过多年的规划,政府于1995年批准了重新引入狼的计划。如今,这些狼由野生动物官员 监控和管理。关于它们影响的争论 仍在继续,但结果令人鼓舞:麋鹿和郊狼的种群 数量下降了,而河狸和红狐已经卷土重来。黄石狼项目现在被认为是生态 恢复的一个有价值的 实验。它证明了重新引入一个关键 物种可以帮助 恢复 整个 生态系统的 平衡。
板块八 汉译英答案
debate
reintroduce
catch
transport
population
continental
gradually
displace
development
practically
disappear
forest
unexpected
source
consume
vegetation
diversity
absence
coyote
percentage
drive away
beaver
biologist
oppose
fear
monitor
manage
pack
comeback
valuable
$