Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 3 Using Language（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 该同步练习通过A、B、C组及拓展分层设计，构建从词汇基础到语篇应用的完整巩固路径，梯度清晰，兼顾语言能力培养与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇、短语及基础语法|单词拼写、短语默写等基础题型，强化语言能力基础| |B组能力进阶|词汇语境应用、语法综合运用|熟词生义、语法填空，衔接基础与语篇，提升思维灵活性| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解与综合语言运用|完形填空、阅读理解，培养分析推断能力，体现思维品质| |拓展链接高考|高考真题演练|对接高考题型，增强应试能力，适应教学测评需求|

分层作业 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 3 Using Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一．单词拼写 1. n．彩虹 2. n. 血浆 3. n. 航空航天工业 4. adj. 爱国的 5. n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 6. n. 喷气式飞机 7. n. 导弹 8. n. 望远镜 9. vt.(过去式cast，过去分词cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)； 投掷 10. n. 阴影；影子；背光处 11. n. 混凝土adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 12. vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 13. n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 14. vt. 追溯；追踪；查出n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 15. adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16. adj. 抽象的；理性的n. (文献等的)摘要 17. n. 概念；观念 18. prep. 除……之外(还)adv. 而且；此外 19. adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 20. adv. 此外；再者 21. n. 弱点；过错 22. n. 改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向 23. adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 24. vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 【答案】1.rainbow 2.plasma 3.aerospace4.patriotic 5.aviation6.jet 7.missile 8.telescope 9.cast 10.shadow 11.concrete 12.defend 13.leadership 14.trace 15.outstanding16abstract 17.concept 18.besides 19.brilliant 20.furthermore 21.fault 22.shift 23.vivid 24.pour 二．词汇转换 1．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→ n．机械师；机械修理工→ n．机器；机械装置 2．assistant n．助理；助手→ vt.帮助；援助→ n．帮助 3．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n．天赋；天才 4．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→ adv.平稳地；稳定地 5．astronomer n．天文学家→ n．天文学 【答案】1.mechanic ，machine 2.assist ，assistance 3.gift 4.steadily 5.astronomy 三．默写短语 1． 　突然开始；爆发 2． 主管；掌管 3． 患(病)；染上(小病) 4． 最重要的是；尤其是 5． 改变……到 6． 从事……的研究 7． 阻止某人做某事 8． 追溯到 9． 承认某人的错误 【答案】1．break out　2．in charge of 3．come down 4．above all 5．switch...to... 6．conduct research into/on 7．discourage sb from doing sth 8．trace back to 9．admit one’s fault 四．写出句中加黑词的词性和含义 1．We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day. 2．Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his life. 3．He didn’t want to do anything to damage the good name of the company. 4．We should push back the frontiers. 【答案】1.v.改变……基因(或遗传)结构 2.n.进展；过程 3.n.名声；名誉 4.n.(知识的)前沿；新领域 五．写出下列词块的含义 1．China’s aerospace science 2．patriotic youth 3．Railway Mechanical Engineering 4．aviation major 5．defend the country 6．American jet and rocket technology 7．a graduate assistant 8．space and missile programme 9．under Qian’s leadership 10．trace back to Qian’s research 11．an outstanding and creative scientist 12．the most famous and gifted scientists 13．abstract thought 14．the steady state theory 15．the steady state concept 16．astronomers with telescopes 【答案】1．中国航天科学2．爱国青少年3．铁路机械工程4．航空专业5．保卫国家6．美国飞机和火箭技术7．研究生助理8．太空和导弹计划9．在钱学森的领导下10．追溯到钱学森的研究11．一位杰出的有创造力的科学家12．最著名和最有天赋的科学家13．抽象思维14．稳态理论15．稳态概念16．使用望远镜的天文学家 一．单词拼写 1.All our policemen are trained to　　　　(保护) themselves from knife attacks.  2.The player's o　　　　 performance left a deep impression on everyone present.  3.He was deeply touched by the 　　　　(爱国的) song and decided to return home.  4.The probable relationship between the speakers is shop a　　　　 and customer.   5.Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and 　　　　(稳步的) increases in the length of the runs.  6.You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you 　　　　(追溯) the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.  【答案】1.defend　2.outstanding　3.patriotic　4.assistant 5.steady　6.trace 二．熟词生义 1.The film has a cast of thousands. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  2.It's my turn to be on the night shift. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  3.In the old castle, there are some small cells that were used to imprison prisoners. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  【答案】1.名词;演员阵容　句意:这部电影的演员有数千人。 2.名词;轮班　句意:轮到我值夜班了。 3.名词;牢房　句意:在古老的城堡里,有一些曾被用来囚禁犯人的小牢房。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 三．课文语法填空 　　As we know, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen, one of the most famous and 　1　(gift) scientists, 　2　 example.   Qian Xuesen, 　3　 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went to the US for further study and then worked there. After 　4　(overcome) some difficulties, he returned to China in 1955, and was responsible for many major scientific research projects. 　5　(face) with challenges, Qian didn't feel discouraged. Under 　6　(he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 　7　(success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, what made him an outstanding 　8　 creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 　9　(inspire) in scientific research. On 31 October 2009, the whole country 　10　(sadden) by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   1.【答案】gifted　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰其后的名词scientists,应用形容词。故填gifted。 2.【答案】for　 【解析】考查介词。take...for example表示“以……为例”。故填for。 3.【答案】who　 【解析】考查定语从句。 设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,前面是Qian Xuesen,“　3　 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion”中缺少主语,此处指钱学森以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Qian Xuesen。故填who。   4.【答案】overcoming　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式。设空处前的After为介词,其后应接动词-ing形式,故填overcoming。 5.【答案】Faced　 【解析】考查动词-ed形式。be faced with...意为“面临/面对……”,设空处作状语,应用动词-ed形式。故填Faced。 6.【答案】his　 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语修饰名词leadership,应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。 7.【答案】successfully　 【解析】考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词developed,应用副词。故填successfully。 8.【答案】and　 【解析】考查并列连词。设空处连接两个并列的形容词outstanding和creative,结合语境可知此处应用and。 9.【答案】inspiration　 【解析】考查名词。设空处作gave的直接宾语,应用名词。故填inspiration。 10.【答案】was saddened　 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“On 31 October 2009”可知此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;根据语境和空后的by可知主语the whole country(单数)与所给提示词sadden之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was saddened。 四．单句语法填空 1.It has been argued that 　　　　　(gift) children should be grouped in special classes.   2.In the beginning, he asked if I could assist him in 　　　　　(learn) how to use chopsticks.   3.I 　　　　　(vivid) remember walking into a room and hearing a child's beautiful singing when I was four.   4.And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others flood in and price wars break 　　　　　.  5.And then, we can shift our inquiry 　　　　　 “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?”  6.Attracted by the fantastic music, Grandpa slowly approached the piano, his eyes shining 　　　　　(brilliant) and a pleased smile climbing from his mouth.   1.【答案】gifted　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处修饰名词children,应用形容词作定语,故填gifted。 2.【答案】learning　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式。assist sb. in doing sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填learning。 3.【答案】vividly　 【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰动词remember,应用副词作状语,故填vividly。 4.【答案】out　 【解析】考查副词。break out意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)爆发”,为固定短语。故填out。 5.【答案】from　 【解析】考查介词。shift...from...to...为固定结构,表示“把……从……转变为……;将……从……转移到……”。故填from。 6.【答案】brilliantly　 【解析】考查副词。句意:被美妙的音乐吸引,爷爷慢慢地走近钢琴,他的眼睛闪闪发光,嘴角扬起愉快的笑容。设空处作状语修饰shining,应用副词。故填brilliantly。 五．完成句子 1.我感到非常惊讶和感动,以至于一句话也说不出来。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 I couldn't say a word.(陈述句)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 I couldn't say a word.(倒装句)  2.一位新经理将负责这个部门。(charge;一句多译) ①A new manager will be 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 this department.   ②A new manager will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 this department.   ③This department will be 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a new manager.   【答案】1.①I was so surprised and moved that②So surprised and moved was I that　 2.①in charge of②take charge of　③in the charge of 一．完形填空 （25-26高一下·广西百色·期末）Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to rice research, aiming to solve the food shortage problem. When he came up with his creative idea years ago, many people doubted him. They thought his plan would fail and he might 1 those who believed in him. However, he stuck firmly to his dream and never gave up. At that time, lacking food was a serious social 2 nationwide. Yuan held a strong inner 3 to help ordinary people have enough to eat. He spent most of his time doing field research regardless of bad weather. His main 4 was to develop high-yield rice to feed more hungry people. His research was filled with difficulties. Several experiments failed, but he kept trying new 5 . He believed scientists should stay 6 when facing various setbacks (挫折). No matter how others questioned his work, he would never 7 and retreat (退缩). A heavy flood once destroyed his rice seedlings. Instead of feeling 8 , he cheered up and restarted his work. He continued with steady 9 . Besides, he even 10 his own money to support young researchers and valued teamwork greatly. Decades of efforts finally paid off. Hybrid rice increased grain output greatly and benefited numerous families. For his great contributions, Yuan was highly 11 by people at home and abroad. His story brings us valuable lessons. Once we set a clear life 12 , we can gain strength to move forward. He never felt 13 in hard times and always kept a 14 mind all his life. His spirit will always 15 teenagers to pursue dreams and serve our country. 1．A．let down B．cheer up C．look after D．turn to 2．A．disease B．choice C．accident D．problem 3．A．desire B．doubt C．fear D．warning 4．A．concern B．strategy C．memory D．mistake 5．A．excuses B．chances C．ways D．risks 6．A．flexible B．energetic C．brave D．generous 7．A．hesitate B．satisfy C．shoot D．press 8．A．ashamed B．hopeless C．surprised D．curious 9．A．balance B．response C．effect D．patience 10．A．saved B．wasted C．earned D．donated 11．A．blamed B．respected C．attacked D．ignored 12．A．account B．cure C．goal D．secret 13．A．calm B．frank C．ready D．afraid 14．A．positive B．negative C．strange D．careful 15．A．replace B．inspire C．remove D．copy 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述袁隆平毕生钻研杂交水稻，不惧挫折坚守理想，其精神激励青年逐梦报国。 【详解】1．考查动词短语。句意：他们认为他的计划会失败，他或许会让那些相信他的人失望。A. let down使失望；B. cheer up使振奋；C. look after照顾；D. turn to求助。根据前文“many people doubted him.”可知，众人质疑他，认为他会辜负支持者，让那些相信他的人失望。 2．考查名词。句意：那时，粮食短缺是全国范围内严峻的社会难题。A. disease疾病；B. choice选择；C. accident事故；D. problem难题。根据前文“lacking food”可知，粮食不足是亟待解决的社会问题。 3．考查名词。句意：袁隆平内心有着强烈的渴望，想要让普通百姓吃饱饭。A. desire渴望；B. doubt怀疑；C. fear恐惧；D. warning警告。根据后文“help ordinary people have enough to eat.”可知，他一心想解决温饱，内心怀有强烈的心愿。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：他的主要策略是培育高产水稻，养活更多饥饿的人。A. concern担忧；B. strategy策略，方案；C. memory记忆；D. mistake错误。根据后文“to develop high-yield rice to feed more hungry people.”可知，培育高产水稻是他解决粮食短缺的核心办法。故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：数次实验失败，但他不断尝试新的方法。A. excuses借口；B. chances机会；C. ways方法；D. risks风险。根据前文“Several experiments failed,”可知，实验受挫后，他不断更换新的研究思路与方法。 6．考查形容词。句意：他认为科学家面对各类挫折应当勇敢无畏。A. flexible灵活的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. brave勇敢的；D. generous慷慨的。根据前文“However, he stuck firmly to his dream and never gave up.”可知，他认为面对挫折要勇敢。 7．考查动词。句意：无论旁人如何质疑他的研究，他都不会犹豫退缩。A. hesitate犹豫；B. satisfy使满意；C. shoot射击；D. press按压。hesitate与后文retreat并列，指面对质疑绝不迟疑后退。 8．考查形容词。句意：一场大洪水曾毁掉他的秧苗，他没有感到绝望，反而振作起来重新开展研究。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. hopeless绝望的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“he cheered up”可知，作物全部被毁本是巨大打击，但他没有陷入绝望。 9．考查名词。句意：他凭借持久的耐心继续坚持研究。A. balance平衡；B. response回应；C. effect影响；D. patience耐心。根据前文“restarted his work.”可知，科研漫长且屡次受挫，需要长久耐心坚持。 10．考查动词。句意：除此之外，他甚至自掏腰包资助青年科研人员，并且十分看重团队协作。A. saved储蓄；B. wasted浪费；C. earned赚取；D. donated捐赠，捐献。根据后文“his own money to support young researchers”可知，拿出自己的钱支持后辈，属于无偿捐助。 11．考查动词过去分词。句意：因为巨大贡献，袁隆平深受国内外人民敬重。A. blamed责备；B. respected尊敬；C. attacked攻击；D. ignored忽视。根据前文“For his great contributions”可知，解决粮食难题，造福无数人，因此广受敬重。 12．考查名词。句意：他的故事带给我们珍贵启示：一旦树立清晰的人生目标，我们就能获得前行的力量。A. account账户；B. cure疗法；C. goal目标；D. secret秘密。根据后文“we can gain strength to move forward.”可知，有人生目标才能前行。故选C。 13．考查形容词。句意：身处困境时他从未心生畏惧，一生都保持积极心态。A. calm冷静的；B. frank坦率的；C. ready准备好的；D. afraid畏惧的。根据前文“never gave up.”可知，重重困难面前他从未害怕退缩。 14．考查形容词。句意：身处困境时他从未心生畏惧，一生都保持积极心态。A. positive积极的；B. negative消极的；C. strange陌生的；D. careful细心的。根据前文“However, he stuck firmly to his dream and never gave up.”可知，失败、灾害都没能打倒他，始终乐观积极。 15．考查动词。句意：他的精神将永远激励青少年追逐梦想、报效祖国。A. replace取代；B. inspire激励；C. remove移除；D. copy复制。根据后文“teenagers to pursue dreams and serve our country.”可知，伟人的事迹与精神鼓舞年轻人奋勇向前。 二．阅读理解 A （25-26高二下·辽宁·期末）AI glasses, one of the most cutting-edge smart wearables, are jointly developed and produced by leading Chinese tech research teams. Years of professional engineering research and repeated user tests have shaped this generation of lightweight, high-performance smart glasses. Given people’s real pain points in daily cross-language communication and inconvenient carrying of smart devices, developers aim to create a device that looks no different from ordinary eyeglasses, so users can wear it all day without extra burden. Made with diffractive waveguides (衍射光波导) technology and powered by advanced small self-developed chips, the finished product weighs merely 49 grams, achieving perfect balance between beauty and comfort. As for core functions, the AI glasses boast outstanding performance. First, they support real-time translation of up to 122 languages and dialects, serving as a portable personal interpreter. They also provide real-time navigation, photo and video capture, AI intelligent Q&A, meeting record and glance-and-pay. Some upgraded models even adopt AI voice-cloning technology, greatly improving the personalized interaction experience. Compared with traditional wearables, the AI glasses have unique competitive advantages. They break language barriers efficiently, free people from heavy mobile phones, and perfectly combine ancient daily wearing habits with futuristic high technology. In competition with international rivals, Chinese industry researchers hold all the cards. “We are no longer followers; in key technologies like diffractive waveguides, we have taken the lead,” said Dr. Meng, a leading Chinese developer in the field. At present, the product has finished the shift from abstract concept to practical daily use. It is gradually developing from a single device into a complete smart ecosystem. With continuous technological upgrading, AI glasses are expected to enter thousands of households, reshape people’s work, travel and social ways, and become a necessary smart partner in modern daily life. 1．What is one of the design goals of the AI glasses? A．To unite major tech research teams. B．To promote cross-language learning. C．To test the advanced self-developed chips. D．To make them light and comfortable to wear. 2．What can the AI glasses help the wearers do? A．Design a video creatively. B．Keep track of expenses accurately. C．See an object in the distance clearly. D．Give interpretation of languages instantly. 3．What is the main purpose of the fourth paragraph? A．To predict the future development. B．To highlight the advanced strengths. C．To compare with ordinary eyeglasses. D．To describe hardships in the development. 4．What does the underlined phrase “hold all the cards” mean? A．Lose advantages. B．Make preparations. C．Be full of confidence. D．Be aware of stress. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了由中国顶尖科研团队联合研发的AI智能眼镜，介绍了它的研发设计目标、硬件特点、丰富的核心功能、相较于传统穿戴设备的竞争优势，以及中国研发团队掌握核心技术、该产品广阔的发展前景。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Given people’s real pain points in daily cross-language communication and inconvenient carrying of smart devices, developers aim to create a device that looks no different from ordinary eyeglasses, so users can wear it all day without extra burden.(考虑到人们日常跨语言交流以及智能设备携带不便的现实痛点，研发人员旨在打造一款外观和普通眼镜别无二致的设备，让用户可以全天佩戴，不会产生额外负担。)”以及“Made with diffractive waveguides technology and powered by advanced small self-developed chips, the finished product weighs merely 49 grams, achieving perfect balance between beauty and comfort.(这款成品采用衍射光波导技术制造，搭载先进的自研小型芯片，重量仅49克，实现了美观与舒适的完美平衡。)”可知，这款AI眼镜的设计目标之一是做到轻便、佩戴舒适。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“First, they support real-time translation of up to 122 languages and dialects, serving as a portable personal interpreter.(首先，它们支持多达122种语言与方言的实时翻译，相当于一台便携的个人翻译设备。)”可知，这款AI眼镜能够为佩戴者提供即时语言翻译服务。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Compared with traditional wearables, the AI glasses have unique competitive advantages. They break language barriers efficiently, free people from heavy mobile phones, and perfectly combine ancient daily wearing habits with futuristic high technology.(和传统可穿戴设备相比，这款AI眼镜拥有独特的竞争优势。它高效打破语言壁垒，让人们摆脱笨重手机的束缚，将古老的日常佩戴习惯与未来高科技完美融合。)”可知，第四段主要目的是凸显这款AI眼镜先进的自身优势。 4．词句猜测题。根据原文第五段“In competition with international rivals, Chinese industry researchers hold all the cards.(在与国际竞争对手的较量中，中国行业研发人员hold all the cards)”及““We are no longer followers; in key technologies like diffractive waveguides, we have taken the lead,” said Dr. Meng, a leading Chinese developer in the field.(“我们不再是追赶者；在衍射光波导这类关键技术领域，我们已经取得领先地位。” 该领域国内核心研发专家孟博士说道。)”可知，短语hold all the cards表达了中国研发人员掌握技术优势，充满信心。 B （25-26高一下·江苏常州·期末）Born in 1961 in Oregon, Mary Brunkow developed an early love for math and science, particularly genetics (基因学). Although she entered university on a pre-medicine track, a genetics course and her first lab experience completely changed her direction, leading her toward a career in research. At Princeton University, Brunkow chose to study a gene that many scientists considered as “rubbish.” Later, working with Fred Ramsdell, she turned to an old scientific puzzle — the “scurfy (多鳞屑)” mouse. This mutation (突变), which had appeared by chance in the 1940s, caused severe autoimmune (自我免疫的) disease only in males. The responsible gene was known to lie on the X chromosome (染色体), but its exact identity remained a mystery. Brunkow and Ramsdell believed that finding this gene would reveal a lot about how autoimmune diseases take place. In the 1990s, locating a single mutated gene was nearly impossible. They mapped the related region of the X chromosome and narrowed the search to twenty potential genes. To raise enough mice, Brunkow even changed an unused janitor’s closet (清洁储藏室) into a mouse room. After much effort, they found a tiny genetic change in a gene they named Foxp3. They next supposed that Foxp3 might also cause IPEX, a rare human autoimmune disease linked to the X chromosome. In 2001, they confirmed that mutations in Foxp3 are responsible for both IPEX and the scurfy condition. This discovery made researchers know how the body learned not to attack itself. In 2025, Brunkow and Ramsdell shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Japanese immunologist Shimon Sakaguchi. Their work opened new possibilities for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases. Brunkow’s journey — from a “rubbish” gene to a Nobel Prize — shows how following scientific curiosity can lead to discoveries that truly change medicine. 1．What made Brunkow change her career direction? A．Her early interest in math and science, especially genetics. B．A genetics course and her first experience in the lab. C．Her choice to study a “rubbish” gene at Princeton University. D．Her desire to solve the puzzle of the “scurfy” mouse mutation. 2．What was the major reason for Brunkow and Ramsdell to win the Nobel Prize? A．They found the real identify and function of the “scurfy” mice. B．They invented a new treatment for all kinds of autoimmune diseases. C．They identified the Foxp3 gene and revealed its key role in immune regulation. D．They proved that scientific curiosity can lead to great discoveries. 3．Which of the following best describes Brunkow as a scientist? A．Impatient. B．Curious. C．Emotional. D．Proud. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A pair of hardworking researchers. B．A promising career in medicine. C．A forgotten laboratory experiment. D．An admirable scientist and her discovery. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章讲述科学家布朗科坚守科研好奇心，攻克基因难题、发现Foxp3基因功能，并斩获诺贝尔奖、推动医学发展的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Although she entered university on a pre-medicine track, a genetics course and her first lab experience completely changed her direction, leading her toward a career in research.(虽然她进入大学时攻读医学预科方向，但一门基因学课程和她的第一次实验室经历彻底改变了她的方向，让她走上了科研职业道路)”可知，一门基因学课程和首次实验室经历改变了她的职业方向。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 2001, they confirmed that mutations in Foxp3 are responsible for both IPEX and the scurfy condition. This discovery made researchers know how the body learned not to attack itself.(2001年，他们证实Foxp3基因的突变是导致IPEX疾病和鳞屑病症的原因。这一发现让研究人员了解了人体如何避免自我攻击)”以及最后一段“Their work opened new possibilities for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.(他们的研究为癌症和自身免疫疾病的治疗开辟了新的可能)”可知，二人获奖的核心原因是识别出Foxp3基因并揭示了其在免疫调节中的关键作用。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Brunkow’s journey — from a “rubbish” gene to a Nobel Prize — shows how following scientific curiosity can lead to discoveries that truly change medicine.(布朗科从研究“无用”基因到斩获诺贝尔奖的经历表明，追随科学好奇心能够带来真正改变医学的发现)”可知，布朗科是一名富有好奇心的科学家。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“Born in 1961 in Oregon, Mary Brunkow developed an early love for math and science, particularly genetics. Although she entered university on a pre-medicine track, a genetics course and her first lab experience completely changed her direction, leading her toward a career in research.(玛丽・布朗科1961年生于俄勒冈州，自幼喜爱数学与科学，尤其是基因学。虽然她进入大学时攻读医学预科方向，但一门基因学课程和她的第一次实验室经历彻底改变了她的方向，让她走上了科研职业道路)”、第三段“After much effort, they found a tiny genetic change in a gene they named Foxp3.(历经诸多努力，他们在一个命名为Foxp3的基因中找到了一处微小基因变异)”以及尾段“Brunkow’s journey — from a “rubbish” gene to a Nobel Prize — shows how following scientific curiosity can lead to discoveries that truly change medicine.(布朗科从研究“无用”基因到斩获诺贝尔奖的经历表明，追随科学好奇心能够带来真正改变医学的发现)”可知，全文围绕科学家Mary Brunkow的科研历程、重大基因发现展开叙述。选项D“An admirable scientist and her discovery(一位值得敬佩的科学家和她的发现)”能概括文章主旨。 C （25-26高二上·吉林延边·期末）Science is the cornerstone of human progress, and scientific exploration relies on the spirit of curiosity, perseverance and innovation. Every great scientific breakthrough comes from tireless efforts and firm pursuit of truth. 1 . 2 . It drives scientists to observe carefully, think deeply, explore the unknown and put forward new ideas. Newton’s desire to know about falling apples led to the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, which fully shows the unique power of curiosity in promoting scientific progress. Perseverance is a vital quality for scientific success. The road of scientific exploration is never smooth, but full of failures, setbacks and difficulties. 3 .He spent decades conducting experiments in the fields, facing repeated failures and harsh natural conditions, but he always stuck to his dream of solving the food problem, finally developing high-yield hybrid rice and benefiting millions of people around the world. Besides, scientific exploration also requires the spirit of innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation. With the continuous development of science and technology, many complex scientific problems can no longer be solved by a single person or a single department. 4 , share research results, complement each other’s strengths and promote the integration of knowledge, thus achieving more major scientific breakthroughs. The scientific spirit is of great significance to the growth of teenagers. It not only helps us master knowledge better but also cultivates our good qualities such as cautious thinking and sense of responsibility. 5 . A．This article will discuss the key qualities required for scientific exploration and its important significance to individuals and society B．Madame Curie’s perseverance promoted the development of modern physics and chemistry C．Curiosity is the starting point of scientific exploration D．Let’s follow great scientists’ footsteps to keep our curiosity, overcome difficulties bravely and always pursue truth and progress E．Scientists from different fields such as biology, chemistry and engineering work together F．Many outstanding scientists have made extraordinary contributions to human progress through lifelong dedication to scientific exploration G．Yuan Longping is a typical example of perseverance in scientific research 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．G 4．E 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文指出科学探索需好奇心、毅力与创新合作的精神，列举相关事例，并说明其对青少年成长的重要意义。 【详解】1．由上文“Every great scientific breakthrough comes from tireless efforts and firm pursuit of truth.(每一项重大的科学突破都源于不懈的努力和对真理的执着追求。)”和下文分点论述科学探索所需的品质可知，空格处需承上启下，引出本文的核心论述内容。A项“This article will discuss the key qualities required for scientific exploration and its important significance to individuals and society (本文将探讨科学探索所需的关键品质及其对个人和社会的重要意义)”符合语境，该句总领全文，呼应下文的“好奇心、毅力、创新”等品质和对青少年的意义，逻辑连贯。故选A项。 2．由下文“It drives scientists to observe carefully, think deeply, explore the unknown and put forward new ideas. Newton’s desire to know about falling apples led to the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, which fully shows the unique power of curiosity in promoting scientific progress.(好奇心驱使科学家们仔细观察、深入思考、探索未知并提出新观点。牛顿对苹果落地现象的求知欲，促成了万有引力定律的发现 —— 这充分彰显了好奇心在推动科学进步中的独特力量。)”可知，空格处需作为本段主题句，点明本段核心是“好奇心”。C项“Curiosity is the starting point of scientific exploration (好奇心是科学探索的起点)”符合语境，该句总领全段，“curiosity”对应下文的“desire to know”，牛顿的例子也是对该观点的具体论证，逻辑清晰。故选C项。 3．由上文“The road of scientific exploration is never smooth, but full of failures, setbacks and difficulties.(科学探索的道路从来都不平坦，而是充满了失败、挫折与困难。)”和下文“He spent decades conducting experiments in the fields, facing repeated failures and harsh natural conditions, but he always stuck to his dream of solving the food problem, finally developing high-yield hybrid rice and benefiting millions of people around the world.(他在田间耗费数十年时间开展实验，历经无数次失败与恶劣的自然条件，却始终坚守着解决粮食问题的梦想，最终培育出高产杂交水稻，造福了全球数百万民众。)”可知，空格处需引出一个体现毅力的科学家例子，衔接上下文。G项“Yuan Longping is a typical example of perseverance in scientific research (袁隆平是科研中秉持毅力的典型例子)”符合语境，“Yuan Longping”对应下文的“He”，“perseverance”呼应本段小标题的核心，承上启下。故选G项。 4．由上文“Besides, scientific exploration also requires the spirit of innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation. With the continuous development of science and technology, many complex scientific problems can no longer be solved by a single person or a single department.(此外，科学探索还需要创新精神和跨学科合作。随着科技的不断发展，许多复杂的科学问题已无法由单人或单个部门解决。)”和下文“share research results, complement each other’s strengths and promote the integration of knowledge, thus achieving more major scientific breakthroughs.(分享研究成果、互补彼此优势、推动知识融合，进而实现更多重大科学突破。)”可知，空格处需说明跨学科合作的具体表现。E项“Scientists from different fields such as biology, chemistry and engineering work together (来自生物学、化学、工程学等不同领域的科学家携手合作)”符合语境，“different fields”和“work together”对应前文的“interdisciplinary cooperation”，同时引出下文的合作做法，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 5．由上文“The scientific spirit is of great significance to the growth of teenagers. It not only helps us master knowledge better but also cultivates our good qualities such as cautious thinking and sense of responsibility.(科学精神对青少年的成长意义重大。它不仅能帮助我们更好地掌握知识，还能培养我们谨慎思考、责任意识等优良品质。)”可知，空格处需总结全文，发出呼吁，鼓励青少年践行科学精神。D项“Let’s follow great scientists’ footsteps to keep our curiosity, overcome difficulties bravely and always pursue truth and progress (让我们追随伟大科学家的脚步，保持好奇心，勇于克服困难，始终追求真理与进步)”符合语境，该句收束全文，呼应前文提到的好奇心、毅力等科学精神品质，逻辑清晰。故选D项。 三．语法填空 （25-26高二下·河南驻马店·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The pressure at 10,000 meters underwater 1 (reach) nearly 1,100 kilograms per square centimeter. At such a depth, even 2 tiniest mistake can put both the equipment and people in life-threatening danger. Aware of the risk, Zhou Hao, the 46-year-old chief technician of the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, does his work with extreme strictness, 3 (make) equipment parts with precision down to 0.003 millimeters — about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. Beyond that strictness, however, lies an equally remarkable 4 (commit) to his work: during a shipboard mission, he threw up 5 (violent) but when the equipment failed, he pulled himself together and fixed the problem. Over the past decade, in addition to solving 366 technical challenges, Zhou 6 (lead) 316 upgrades for sea trials, helping China’s domestically built submarines achieve multiple national and international 7 (first). Zhou is currently training the next generation. Among his four apprentices (学徒), one is a senior technician, two are mid-level technicians, 8 the last one is an advanced-level trainee. Zhou makes it his duty to equip them 9 the knowledge of the nation’s deep-sea technology. As China pushes 10 (it) deep-sea ambitions, Zhou believes craftsmanship will determine how far the country can go. He said, “There is no road in the deep sea. We don’t need to follow — we are the path.” 【答案】1．reaches 2．the 3．making 4．commitment 5．violently 6．has led 7．firsts 8．and 9．with 10．its 【导语】本文主要讲述深海科研首席技师周皓秉持严谨工匠精神，攻克多项深海技术难题、培养后备人才，助力中国深海事业发展的故事。 【详解】1．考查一般现在时、主谓一致。句意：水下一万米处的压力达到每平方厘米近1100千克。本句客观陈述深海万米处的压力数值，用一般现在时；主语The pressure为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2．考查冠词。句意：在这样的深度，即便是最微小的失误也会让设备和人员陷入致命危险。空后tiniest为形容词最高级，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：深知这份风险，46岁的深海科学与工程研究所首席技师周皓以极致的严谨开展工作，将设备零件的精度做到0.003毫米——约为人类发丝直径的三十分之一。句中已有谓语动词does，此处为非谓语动词；此处表示主语严谨工作带来的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，在这份严谨之外，是他对工作同样非凡的投入：在一次海上任务中，他剧烈呕吐，但当设备出现故障时，他振作起来解决了问题。空前形容词remarkable修饰名词，此处需填入名词作主语，commit的名词形式为commitment，意为“投入、奉献”。 5．考查副词。句意：然而，在这份严谨之外，是他对工作同样非凡的投入：在一次海上任务中，他剧烈呕吐，但当设备出现故障时，他振作起来解决了问题。此处修饰动词短语threw up，修饰动词需用副词形式，violent的副词为violently，意为“剧烈地”。 6．考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，周皓除攻克366项技术难题外，还主导完成316次海试升级，助力中国国产潜艇实现多项国内外首创。根据时间状语Over the past decade（在过去十年里）可知，句子需用现在完成时；主语Zhou为第三人称单数，谓语has led。 7．考查名词复数。句意：在过去的十年里，周皓除攻克366项技术难题外，还主导完成316次海试升级，助力中国国产潜艇实现多项国内外首创。first此处作名词，意为“首创的成就、先例”，为可数名词；空前multiple（多项的）修饰可数名词复数。 8．考查连词。句意：他的四名学徒中，一人为高级技师，两人为中级技师，最后一人为高级实习生。前后四个分句为并列列举关系，需用并列连词and连接。 9．考查固定搭配。句意：周皓把向他们传授本国深海技术相关知识当作自己的责任。固定搭配equip sb. with sth.，意为“使某人具备某物；向某人传授某物”。 10．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：随着中国推进其深海发展愿景，周皓认为工匠精神将决定国家能走多远。空后为名词deep-sea ambitions，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，it的形容词性物主代词为its，意为“它的”。 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea. C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4．What is the basis for John’s work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 3 Using Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一．单词拼写 1. n．彩虹 2. n. 血浆 3. n. 航空航天工业 4. adj. 爱国的 5. n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 6. n. 喷气式飞机 7. n. 导弹 8. n. 望远镜 9. vt.(过去式cast，过去分词cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)； 投掷 10. n. 阴影；影子；背光处 11. n. 混凝土adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 12. vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 13. n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 14. vt. 追溯；追踪；查出n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 15. adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16. adj. 抽象的；理性的n. (文献等的)摘要 17. n. 概念；观念 18. prep. 除……之外(还)adv. 而且；此外 19. adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 20. adv. 此外；再者 21. n. 弱点；过错 22. n. 改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向 23. adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 24. vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 二．词汇转换 1．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→ n．机械师；机械修理工→ n．机器；机械装置 2．assistant n．助理；助手→ vt.帮助；援助→ n．帮助 3．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n．天赋；天才 4．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→ adv.平稳地；稳定地 5．astronomer n．天文学家→ n．天文学 三．默写短语 1． 　突然开始；爆发 2． 主管；掌管 3． 患(病)；染上(小病) 4． 最重要的是；尤其是 5． 改变……到 6． 从事……的研究 7． 阻止某人做某事 8． 追溯到 9． 承认某人的错误 四．写出句中加黑词的词性和含义 1．We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day. 2．Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his life. 3．He didn’t want to do anything to damage the good name of the company. 4．We should push back the frontiers. 五．写出下列词块的含义 1．China’s aerospace science 2．patriotic youth 3．Railway Mechanical Engineering 4．aviation major 5．defend the country 6．American jet and rocket technology 7．a graduate assistant 8．space and missile programme 9．under Qian’s leadership 10．trace back to Qian’s research 11．an outstanding and creative scientist 12．the most famous and gifted scientists 13．abstract thought 14．the steady state theory 15．the steady state concept 16．astronomers with telescopes 一．单词拼写 1.All our policemen are trained to　　　　(保护) themselves from knife attacks.  2.The player's o　　　　 performance left a deep impression on everyone present.  3.He was deeply touched by the 　　　　(爱国的) song and decided to return home.  4.The probable relationship between the speakers is shop a　　　　 and customer.   5.Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and 　　　　(稳步的) increases in the length of the runs.  6.You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you 　　　　(追溯) the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.  二．熟词生义 1.The film has a cast of thousands. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  2.It's my turn to be on the night shift. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  3.In the old castle, there are some small cells that were used to imprison prisoners. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  3.名词;牢房　句意:在古老的城堡里,有一些曾被用来囚禁犯人的小牢房。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 三．课文语法填空 　　As we know, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen, one of the most famous and 　1　(gift) scientists, 　2　 example.   Qian Xuesen, 　3　 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went to the US for further study and then worked there. After 　4　(overcome) some difficulties, he returned to China in 1955, and was responsible for many major scientific research projects. 　5　(face) with challenges, Qian didn't feel discouraged. Under 　6　(he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 　7　(success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, what made him an outstanding 　8　 creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 　9　(inspire) in scientific research. On 31 October 2009, the whole country 　10　(sadden) by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   四．单句语法填空 1.It has been argued that 　　　　　(gift) children should be grouped in special classes.   2.In the beginning, he asked if I could assist him in 　　　　　(learn) how to use chopsticks.   3.I 　　　　　(vivid) remember walking into a room and hearing a child's beautiful singing when I was four.   4.And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others flood in and price wars break 　　　　　.  5.And then, we can shift our inquiry 　　　　　 “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?”  6.Attracted by the fantastic music, Grandpa slowly approached the piano, his eyes shining 　　　　　(brilliant) and a pleased smile climbing from his mouth.   五．完成句子 1.我感到非常惊讶和感动,以至于一句话也说不出来。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 I couldn't say a word.(陈述句)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 I couldn't say a word.(倒装句)  2.一位新经理将负责这个部门。(charge;一句多译) ①A new manager will be 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 this department.   ②A new manager will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 this department.   ③This department will be 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a new manager.   一．完形填空 （25-26高一下·广西百色·期末）Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to rice research, aiming to solve the food shortage problem. When he came up with his creative idea years ago, many people doubted him. They thought his plan would fail and he might 1 those who believed in him. However, he stuck firmly to his dream and never gave up. At that time, lacking food was a serious social 2 nationwide. Yuan held a strong inner 3 to help ordinary people have enough to eat. He spent most of his time doing field research regardless of bad weather. His main 4 was to develop high-yield rice to feed more hungry people. His research was filled with difficulties. Several experiments failed, but he kept trying new 5 . He believed scientists should stay 6 when facing various setbacks (挫折). No matter how others questioned his work, he would never 7 and retreat (退缩). A heavy flood once destroyed his rice seedlings. Instead of feeling 8 , he cheered up and restarted his work. He continued with steady 9 . Besides, he even 10 his own money to support young researchers and valued teamwork greatly. Decades of efforts finally paid off. Hybrid rice increased grain output greatly and benefited numerous families. For his great contributions, Yuan was highly 11 by people at home and abroad. His story brings us valuable lessons. Once we set a clear life 12 , we can gain strength to move forward. He never felt 13 in hard times and always kept a 14 mind all his life. His spirit will always 15 teenagers to pursue dreams and serve our country. 1．A．let down B．cheer up C．look after D．turn to 2．A．disease B．choice C．accident D．problem 3．A．desire B．doubt C．fear D．warning 4．A．concern B．strategy C．memory D．mistake 5．A．excuses B．chances C．ways D．risks 6．A．flexible B．energetic C．brave D．generous 7．A．hesitate B．satisfy C．shoot D．press 8．A．ashamed B．hopeless C．surprised D．curious 9．A．balance B．response C．effect D．patience 10．A．saved B．wasted C．earned D．donated 11．A．blamed B．respected C．attacked D．ignored 12．A．account B．cure C．goal D．secret 13．A．calm B．frank C．ready D．afraid 14．A．positive B．negative C．strange D．careful 15．A．replace B．inspire C．remove D．copy 二．阅读理解 A （25-26高二下·辽宁·期末）AI glasses, one of the most cutting-edge smart wearables, are jointly developed and produced by leading Chinese tech research teams. Years of professional engineering research and repeated user tests have shaped this generation of lightweight, high-performance smart glasses. Given people’s real pain points in daily cross-language communication and inconvenient carrying of smart devices, developers aim to create a device that looks no different from ordinary eyeglasses, so users can wear it all day without extra burden. Made with diffractive waveguides (衍射光波导) technology and powered by advanced small self-developed chips, the finished product weighs merely 49 grams, achieving perfect balance between beauty and comfort. As for core functions, the AI glasses boast outstanding performance. First, they support real-time translation of up to 122 languages and dialects, serving as a portable personal interpreter. They also provide real-time navigation, photo and video capture, AI intelligent Q&A, meeting record and glance-and-pay. Some upgraded models even adopt AI voice-cloning technology, greatly improving the personalized interaction experience. Compared with traditional wearables, the AI glasses have unique competitive advantages. They break language barriers efficiently, free people from heavy mobile phones, and perfectly combine ancient daily wearing habits with futuristic high technology. In competition with international rivals, Chinese industry researchers hold all the cards. “We are no longer followers; in key technologies like diffractive waveguides, we have taken the lead,” said Dr. Meng, a leading Chinese developer in the field. At present, the product has finished the shift from abstract concept to practical daily use. It is gradually developing from a single device into a complete smart ecosystem. With continuous technological upgrading, AI glasses are expected to enter thousands of households, reshape people’s work, travel and social ways, and become a necessary smart partner in modern daily life. 1．What is one of the design goals of the AI glasses? A．To unite major tech research teams. B．To promote cross-language learning. C．To test the advanced self-developed chips. D．To make them light and comfortable to wear. 2．What can the AI glasses help the wearers do? A．Design a video creatively. B．Keep track of expenses accurately. C．See an object in the distance clearly. D．Give interpretation of languages instantly. 3．What is the main purpose of the fourth paragraph? A．To predict the future development. B．To highlight the advanced strengths. C．To compare with ordinary eyeglasses. D．To describe hardships in the development. 4．What does the underlined phrase “hold all the cards” mean? A．Lose advantages. B．Make preparations. C．Be full of confidence. D．Be aware of stress. B （25-26高一下·江苏常州·期末）Born in 1961 in Oregon, Mary Brunkow developed an early love for math and science, particularly genetics (基因学). Although she entered university on a pre-medicine track, a genetics course and her first lab experience completely changed her direction, leading her toward a career in research. At Princeton University, Brunkow chose to study a gene that many scientists considered as “rubbish.” Later, working with Fred Ramsdell, she turned to an old scientific puzzle — the “scurfy (多鳞屑)” mouse. This mutation (突变), which had appeared by chance in the 1940s, caused severe autoimmune (自我免疫的) disease only in males. The responsible gene was known to lie on the X chromosome (染色体), but its exact identity remained a mystery. Brunkow and Ramsdell believed that finding this gene would reveal a lot about how autoimmune diseases take place. In the 1990s, locating a single mutated gene was nearly impossible. They mapped the related region of the X chromosome and narrowed the search to twenty potential genes. To raise enough mice, Brunkow even changed an unused janitor’s closet (清洁储藏室) into a mouse room. After much effort, they found a tiny genetic change in a gene they named Foxp3. They next supposed that Foxp3 might also cause IPEX, a rare human autoimmune disease linked to the X chromosome. In 2001, they confirmed that mutations in Foxp3 are responsible for both IPEX and the scurfy condition. This discovery made researchers know how the body learned not to attack itself. In 2025, Brunkow and Ramsdell shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Japanese immunologist Shimon Sakaguchi. Their work opened new possibilities for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases. Brunkow’s journey — from a “rubbish” gene to a Nobel Prize — shows how following scientific curiosity can lead to discoveries that truly change medicine. 1．What made Brunkow change her career direction? A．Her early interest in math and science, especially genetics. B．A genetics course and her first experience in the lab. C．Her choice to study a “rubbish” gene at Princeton University. D．Her desire to solve the puzzle of the “scurfy” mouse mutation. 2．What was the major reason for Brunkow and Ramsdell to win the Nobel Prize? A．They found the real identify and function of the “scurfy” mice. B．They invented a new treatment for all kinds of autoimmune diseases. C．They identified the Foxp3 gene and revealed its key role in immune regulation. D．They proved that scientific curiosity can lead to great discoveries. 3．Which of the following best describes Brunkow as a scientist? A．Impatient. B．Curious. C．Emotional. D．Proud. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A pair of hardworking researchers. B．A promising career in medicine. C．A forgotten laboratory experiment. D．An admirable scientist and her discovery. C （25-26高二上·吉林延边·期末）Science is the cornerstone of human progress, and scientific exploration relies on the spirit of curiosity, perseverance and innovation. Every great scientific breakthrough comes from tireless efforts and firm pursuit of truth. 1 . 2 . It drives scientists to observe carefully, think deeply, explore the unknown and put forward new ideas. Newton’s desire to know about falling apples led to the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, which fully shows the unique power of curiosity in promoting scientific progress. Perseverance is a vital quality for scientific success. The road of scientific exploration is never smooth, but full of failures, setbacks and difficulties. 3 .He spent decades conducting experiments in the fields, facing repeated failures and harsh natural conditions, but he always stuck to his dream of solving the food problem, finally developing high-yield hybrid rice and benefiting millions of people around the world. Besides, scientific exploration also requires the spirit of innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation. With the continuous development of science and technology, many complex scientific problems can no longer be solved by a single person or a single department. 4 , share research results, complement each other’s strengths and promote the integration of knowledge, thus achieving more major scientific breakthroughs. The scientific spirit is of great significance to the growth of teenagers. It not only helps us master knowledge better but also cultivates our good qualities such as cautious thinking and sense of responsibility. 5 . A．This article will discuss the key qualities required for scientific exploration and its important significance to individuals and society B．Madame Curie’s perseverance promoted the development of modern physics and chemistry C．Curiosity is the starting point of scientific exploration D．Let’s follow great scientists’ footsteps to keep our curiosity, overcome difficulties bravely and always pursue truth and progress E．Scientists from different fields such as biology, chemistry and engineering work together F．Many outstanding scientists have made extraordinary contributions to human progress through lifelong dedication to scientific exploration G．Yuan Longping is a typical example of perseverance in scientific research 三．语法填空 （25-26高二下·河南驻马店·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The pressure at 10,000 meters underwater 1 (reach) nearly 1,100 kilograms per square centimeter. At such a depth, even 2 tiniest mistake can put both the equipment and people in life-threatening danger. Aware of the risk, Zhou Hao, the 46-year-old chief technician of the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, does his work with extreme strictness, 3 (make) equipment parts with precision down to 0.003 millimeters — about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. Beyond that strictness, however, lies an equally remarkable 4 (commit) to his work: during a shipboard mission, he threw up 5 (violent) but when the equipment failed, he pulled himself together and fixed the problem. Over the past decade, in addition to solving 366 technical challenges, Zhou 6 (lead) 316 upgrades for sea trials, helping China’s domestically built submarines achieve multiple national and international 7 (first). Zhou is currently training the next generation. Among his four apprentices (学徒), one is a senior technician, two are mid-level technicians, 8 the last one is an advanced-level trainee. Zhou makes it his duty to equip them 9 the knowledge of the nation’s deep-sea technology. As China pushes 10 (it) deep-sea ambitions, Zhou believes craftsmanship will determine how far the country can go. He said, “There is no road in the deep sea. We don’t need to follow — we are the path.” （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea. C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4．What is the basis for John’s work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 3 Using Language 一．单词拼写 1.rainbow 2.plasma 3.aerospace4.patriotic 5.aviation6.jet 7.missile 8.telescope 9.cast 10.shadow 11.concrete 12.defend 13.leadership 14.trace 15.outstanding16abstract 17.concept 18.besides 19.brilliant 20.furthermore 21.fault 22.shift 23.vivid 24.pour 二．词汇转换 1.mechanic ，machine 2.assist ，assistance 3.gift 4.steadily 5.astronomy 三．默写短语 1．break out　2．in charge of 3．come down 4．above all 5．switch...to... 6．conduct research into/on 7．discourage sb from doing sth 8．trace back to 9．admit one’s fault 四．写出句中加黑词的词性和含义 1.v.改变……基因(或遗传)结构 2.n.进展；过程 3.n.名声；名誉 4.n.(知识的)前沿；新领域 五．写出下列词块的含义 1．中国航天科学2．爱国青少年3．铁路机械工程4．航空专业5．保卫国家6．美国飞机和火箭技术7．研究生助理8．太空和导弹计划9．在钱学森的领导下10．追溯到钱学森的研究11．一位杰出的有创造力的科学家12．最著名和最有天赋的科学家13．抽象思维14．稳态理论15．稳态概念16．使用望远镜的天文学家 一．单词拼写 1.defend　2.outstanding　3.patriotic　4.assistant 5.steady　6.trace 二．熟词生义 1.名词;演员阵容　句意:这部电影的演员有数千人。 2.名词;轮班　句意:轮到我值夜班了。 3.名词;牢房　句意:在古老的城堡里,有一些曾被用来囚禁犯人的小牢房。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 三．课文语法填空 1.gifted　2.for　3.who　4.overcoming　5.Faced　6.his　7.successfully　8.and　9.inspiration　10.was saddened　 四．单句语法填空 1.gifted　2.learning　3.vividly　4.out　5.from　6.brilliantly　 五．完成句子 1.①I was so surprised and moved that②So surprised and moved was I that　 2.①in charge of②take charge of　③in the charge of 一．完形填空 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 二．阅读理解 A 1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C B 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D C 1．A 2．C 3．G 4．E 5．D 三．语法填空 1．reaches 2．the 3．making 4．commitment 5．violently 6．has led 7．firsts 8．and 9．with 10．its 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $