Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词块复习包（重点短语、词性转换、自测默写、巩固练习） 2026-2027学年高一英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单围绕Unit 4 Natural Disasters主题，系统构建从词汇基础到句法应用的学习支架。先梳理10组核心单词的词性转换，夯实词汇变形能力，再通过23个单词及固定搭配的用法解析与例句示范，强化词汇在语境中的应用，进而延伸至单元重点短语和句型，最终落脚于限制性定语从句的语法规则，形成完整的语言知识链。 知识链路以“词汇—搭配—句型—语法”为逻辑主线，每个模块均配备具体搭配、典型例句及拓展应用，如“rescue sb. from...”等搭配的场景化示例，“be doing...when...”句型的仿写训练，助力学生在语境中提升语言理解与表达能力。通过词性转换与搭配的关联梳理，培养学生的思维品质，同时清单结构清晰、要点明确，引导学生掌握科学的词汇与语法学习方法，提升自主学习能力。

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 知识清单 一、单词词性转换 1. survive（v.）➟ survivor（n.）幸存者 2. destroy（v.）➟ destruction（n.）摧毁，破坏 3. affect（v.）➟ effect（n.）影响；效果 ➟ effective（adj.）有效的 4. power（n.）➟ powerful（adj.）强有力的 5. calm（adj./v.）➟ calmly（adv.）冷静地 6. wave（n./v.）➟ wavy（adj.）波浪形的 7. strike（v.）不规则变化 strike-struck-struck 8. deliver（v.）➟ delivery（n.）递送；分娩 9. summary（n.）➟ summarize（vt.）总结，概述 10. length（n.）➟ lengthen（v.）（使）变长 二、单词及固定搭配 1. rescue（vt./n.）营救，救援 ① rescue sb. from… 把某人从……救出 ② attempt/make a rescue 实施营救 ③ come to one’s rescue 前来救助某人 例句：He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger. 2. damage（vt./n.）损坏；损害 ① do/cause great damage to… 对……造成巨大损害 ② suffer damage 蒙受损失 ③ pay for damage 赔偿损失 3. survive（vi./vt.）存活；艰难度过 ① survive on 靠……生存 ② survive sb. by + 时间段 比某人多活多久 例句：Nobody survived the disaster. 4. destroy（vt.）毁灭，摧毁 例句：Your words will destroy your child’s confidence. 5. affect（vt.）影响；使感动；侵袭疾病 例句：We were affected by his sincerity. 6. shelter（n.）避难所；（vt.）庇护 ① shelter sb. from… 保护某人免受…… ② provide shelter for the homeless 为流浪者提供住所 7. ruin（vt./n.）毁坏；废墟 ① ruin one’s hope/health 毁掉希望/健康 ② fall into ruin 沦为破败状态 ③ in ruins 成为废墟 8. shock（n./vt.）震惊；使震惊 ① in shock 处于震惊中 ② be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 ③ culture shock 文化冲击 9. trap（vt./n.）使陷入困境；陷阱 ① trap sb./sth. in sth. 困在某处 ② trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事 例句：Many people were trapped under the ruins. 10. bury（vt.）埋葬；埋头于 ① bury…in… 把……埋在…… ② bury oneself in 专心于，埋头于 例句：She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly. 11. effort（n.）努力 ① make efforts/an effort to do 努力做 ② spare no effort 不遗余力 ③ without effort 毫不费力 12. suffer（vt.）遭受；受苦 ① suffer from 遭受（疾病、痛苦） ② suffer loss 蒙受损失 派生词：suffering（n.）苦难，痛苦 13. supply（n./vt.）补给；供应 ① in short supply 供应短缺 ② supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物 14. power（n.）电力；权力；力量 ① within one’s power 在某人能力范围内 ② come into power 上台执政 ③ power failure 停电 15. calm（adj./vt.）冷静的；使镇定 ① keep/stay calm 保持冷静 ② calm sb. down 使某人平静下来 16. aid（n./v.）援助，救助 ① first aid 急救 ② come to the aid of sb. 援助某人 ③ in aid of 为了资助…… ④ aid sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 17. sweep（vt./vi.）打扫；席卷（过去式swept） ① sweep away 冲走，彻底清除 ② sweep through 席卷 ③ sweep up 清扫干净 18. wave（n./v.）波浪；挥手 ① a wave of 一波/一阵…… ② wave at/to sb. 向某人挥手 ③ wave off 挥手告别 19. strike（vt./n.）侵袭；击打；罢工 ① It strikes sb. that… 某人突然想到…… ② be/go on strike 罢工 例句：It struck me that there was no one at home. 20. deliver（vt.）递送；发表；接生 ① deliver a speech 发表演讲 ② deliver goods 送货 ③ deliver a baby 接生婴儿 21. summary（n.）总结 ① make a summary 做总结 ② in summary 总而言之 22. effect（n.）影响，效果 ① come into/take effect 生效 ② bring sth. into effect 实施 ③ in effect 事实上 23. length（n.）长度 ① at length 最终；详尽地 ② in length 在长度上 三、单元重点短语 1. as if/though 仿佛，好像（陈述语气表真实，虚拟语气表与事实不符） 例句：He likes to talk big as if he was an important person. 2. in the open air 在户外，露天 拓展air短语：by air 乘飞机；in the air 流传中；on the air 播出；off the air 停播 3. on hand 在手边，现有可使用 hand拓展短语：hand in 上交；hand out 分发；hand over 移交；hand in hand 手拉手；by hand 手工 四、单元重点句型 1. 主语 + be + adj. + (for sb.) to do 不定式主动表被动 例句：Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 仿写：The volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch. 2. be doing…when… 正在做某事，这时突然…… 拓展变体：be about to do…when…正要做……突然…… 例句： ① I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. ② She was about to raise her hand when class was over. 五、单元语法：限制性定语从句 关系代词：that / which / who / whom / whose 1. 指人作主语：The couple who volunteered to help were kind. 2. 指物作宾语：The experience that she can’t forget is the big quake. 3. whose 表所属：the architect whose design won praise 4. whom 指人作宾语：the doctor with whom he once worked 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 答案 词性转换 1. survivor 2. destruction 3. effect；effective 4. powerful 5. calmly 6. wavy 7. delivery 8. summarize 9. lengthen 短语中文 1. 把某人从……救出 2. 前来救助某人 3. 对……造成巨大损害 4. 靠……生存 5. 保护某人免受…… 6. 成为废墟 7. 对……感到震惊 8. 困在某处 9. 专心于，埋头于 10. 努力做 11. 遭受（疾病、痛苦） 12. 给某人提供某物 13. 使某人平静下来 14. 急救 15. 冲走，彻底清除 16. 向某人挥手 17. 某人突然想到…… 18. 发表演讲 19. 总而言之 20. 仿佛，好像 单句语法填空（答案） 1. The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening (frighten). 2. He dived from the bridge to rescue (rescue) the drowning child. 3. Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have (been) drowned (drown). 4. The rescue attempt was interrupted (interrupt)by bad weather. 5. The rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash immediately, but there was no single survivor. 6. Be careful not to damage (damage) the priceless vase. 7. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 8. Drinking and smoking can damage your health. 9. If the tree falls that way, it will destroy (destroy)the house. 10. There's been a bomb threat. Therefore, we need to evacuate. 11. Please evacuate the building immediately (immediate). 12. The criminal escaped by helicopter. 13. The shipwrecked sailors were rescued with / through a helicopter. 14. The officials are / were helicoptered (helicopter) aboard the ship. 15. The seedling was frozen to death (die). 16. The farm came to him on his father's death, but he was not interested (interest) in being a farmer. 17. She was deeply (deep) affected by the sad story. 18. The refugees' main requirements (require) are food and shelter. 19. In the storm I took shelter under the tree, which, my father told me later, was not a wise choice, because I might be struck by the lightning. 20. These plants must be sheltered (shelter) from direct sunlight. 语法填空 1.deaths 　 2.destroying 　 3.erupts 　 4.to breathe 5.worse　 6.from 　 7.which/that 　 8.are buried 9.length 　 10.wisdom 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 默写单与巩固练习 一、词性转换 1. survive（v.）➟ ______（n.） 2. destroy（v.）➟ ______（n.） 3. affect（v.）➟ ______（n.）➟ ______（adj.） 4. power（n.）➟ ______（adj.） 5. calm（adj./v.）➟ ______（adv.） 6. wave（n./v.）➟ ______（adj.） 7. deliver（v.）➟ ______（n.） 8. summary（n.）➟ ______（vt.） 9. length（n.）➟ ______（v.） 二、重点短语（英译汉） 1. rescue sb. from… ____________ 2. come to one’s rescue ____________ 3. do great damage to… ____________ 4. survive on ____________ 5. shelter sb. from… ____________ 6. in ruins ____________ 7. be shocked at/by ____________ 8. trap sb./sth. in sth. ____________ 9. bury oneself in ____________ 10. make efforts to do ____________ 11. suffer from ____________ 12. supply sb. with sth. ____________ 13. calm sb. down ____________ 14. first aid ____________ 15. sweep away ____________ 16. wave at/to sb. ____________ 17. It strikes sb. that… ____________ 18. deliver a speech ____________ 19. in summary ____________ 20. as if/though ____________ 三、单句语法填空： 1.The magnitude of the epidemic was____________ (frighten). 2.He dived from the bridge ____________ (rescue) the drowning child. 3.Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy _______________ (drown). 4.The rescue attempt ____________ (interrupt)by bad weather. 5. The rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash immediately, ____________ there was no single survivor. 6. Be careful not ____________ (damage) the priceless vase. 7. Knowing all this, they made me pay____________ the damage. 8. Drinking ____________ smoking can damage your health. 9. If the tree falls that way, it ____________ (destroy)the house. 10. There's been a bomb threat. ____________, we need to evacuate. 11. Please evacuate the building ____________ (immediate). 12. The criminal escaped ____________ helicopter. 13. The shipwrecked sailors were rescued ____________ a helicopter. 14. The officials _______________ (helicopter) aboard the ship. 15. The seedling was frozen to ____________ (die). 16. The farm came to him on his father's death, but he was not ____________ (interest) in being a farmer. 17. She was ____________ (deep) affected by the sad story. 18. The refugees' main ____________ (require) are food and shelter. 19. In the storm I took shelter under the tree, __________, my father told me later, was not a wise choice, because I might be struck by the lightning. 20. These plants must ______________ (shelter) from direct sunlight. 四、语法填空 Natural disasters do great damage to people’s life. Droughts affect agriculture and make farmers suffer. Typhoons and hurricanes cause countless 1.　　　　　　(death) and terrible injuries. They even lead to floods and landslides, 2.　　　　　　(destroy) villages and forests. If an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 strikes, a whole city may lie in ruins. When a volcano 3.　　　　　　(erupt), large amounts of volcanic gases in the air make it difficult for people 4.　　　　　　(breathe). What’s 5.　　　　　　(bad), volcanic eruptions may result in tsunamis that create huge waves, sweeping away cars and blowing down power lines.  We cannot stop natural disasters 6.　　　　　　 happening, but we can take measures to reduce the effect of them. It is necessary to have a first aid kit 7.　　　　　 contains medical supplies. Moreover, stay calm in case of emergency. When the shaking starts, evacuate your home immediately and stay in the open air. If you 8.　　　　　　(bury) or trapped in ruins, try tapping on the pipes using a brick so that the rescue team can find you. You can also whistle for help if you have one on hand. At 9.　　　　　　(long), stay in the shelter overnight because there may be aftershocks. Always remember: your 10.　　　　　　(wise) and effort can help you survive natural disasters.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $