Unit 4 Natural Disasters词性转换,词汇,语法,句型,知识点复习题-2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit4 Natural Disasters单元核心词汇、语法及语篇应用，构建词汇变形-语法规则-语篇综合的递进训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词变形|12题|词性转换训练（名→形/动等）|从基础词汇派生拓展，建立词形-词性-词义关联| |单句语法填空|25题|语法综合应用（时态/非谓语/从句等）|语法规则在具体语境中的即时应用，强化语言准确性| |单词拼写|15题|单元核心词汇拼写|巩固主题词汇记忆，服务阅读与表达需求| |完成句子|10题|句型结构应用（定语从句/固定搭配等）|从词汇到句型的语法功能整合，提升表达规范性| |语法填空短文|2篇（20空）|语篇语法填空|综合运用词汇、语法知识，实现语言能力从单句到语篇的迁移|

Unit4 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的 5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的 7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚 8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发 9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者 10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现 11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交 12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake (be) more than 400,000. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：在这场地震中遇难或重伤的人数超过40万。“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；根据定语从句中的were killed可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 2．Another 254 were found (die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：在泰国又发现254人死亡，在其他三个国家发现54人死亡。“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，此处是were found被动形式，dead是形容词，意为“死亡的”，在句中作主语补足语。 3．Mike ran out of the fields looking for places (hide), and fish jumped out of the water. 【答案】to hide 【详解】句意：迈克跑出田地寻找藏身之处，鱼儿也跳出了水面。places为名词，空格处需用不定式作后置定语修饰places，表示“用来躲藏的地方”，不定式作后置定语常用来表示被修饰名词的用途或功能。 4．Most parts of African countries have suffered from (dry) in recent years. 【答案】drought 【详解】句意：近年来，非洲各国的大部分地区都遭受了旱灾。介词from后需接名词作宾语；dry表示“旱灾”的名词形式为drought。 5．Dry hair can (damage) by washing it too frequently. 【答案】be damaged 【详解】句意：干性发质会因洗头过于频繁而受损。主语Dry hair与动词damage之间为被动关系，即“头发被损伤”，应用被动语态；情态动词can后接动词原形，被动语态结构为“can be + 过去分词”，damage的过去分词为damaged。 6．He felt too (shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：他震惊得动弹不得。他的世界完全被颠覆了。felt为系动词，其后需接形容词作表语；shock的形容词形式有shocked（感到震惊的）和shocking（令人震惊的），此处主语为He，表示人的感受，应用shocked。 7．We are moved into a cabin with (electric) but no running water. 【答案】electricity 【详解】句意：我们搬进了一间配有电、但没有自来水的木屋。空格作with的宾语，需使用名词形式；形容词electric的名词形式为electricity，表示“电”。 8．The stream has frozen up and you can see the fish (trap) in the ice. 【答案】trapped 【详解】句意：小溪已经结冰了，你可以看见被困在冰里的鱼。and连接的第二个分句中，已有谓语can see，空处应填非谓语形式；fish和trap之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。 9．What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages (deliver). 【答案】to be delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果从远方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一方式是写信，而这些信要花很长时间才能送到呢？分析句子可知，此处为固定短语“take+时间+to do”，表示“花（时间）做某事”，故空处应为不定式；所给词deliver与其逻辑主语letters构成被动关系，故空处应为不定式的被动语态。故填to be delivered。 10．His (wise) made him survive the earthquake. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的智慧使他在地震中幸存下来。形容词性物主代词His后，应用名词wisdom作主语，不可数。故填wisdom。 11．The (survive) of the boy is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个男孩能否活下来还不确定；他伤得很重，可能会死。提示词作主语，用名词survival，意为“存活，幸存”，不可数名词。故填survival。 12．The strong earthquake left the city in (ruin) merely in several seconds. 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：这场强烈地震在几秒钟内就把这座城市变成了废墟。in ruins意为“一片废墟”，为固定搭配。故填ruins。 13．The sisters were treated as local heroes after (rescue) a two-year-old boy from drowning. 【答案】rescuing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在救了一名两岁男孩免于溺水之后，这对姐妹被当作当地的英雄对待。rescue(营救，援救)作介词after的宾语，应用动名词形式rescuing。故填rescuing。 14．The Spring Equinox (春分) signals the equal (long) of the day and night time. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：春分标志着白天和黑夜的时间长度相等。空处作宾语，表示“长度”应用名词 length，不可数，故填 length。 15．People tend to exercise in the morning partly because the morning air is so good (breathe)． 【答案】to breathe 【详解】句意：人们倾向于在早上锻炼，部分原因是早上的空气利于呼吸。此处为be+adj +to do结构，故填to breathe。 16．It (strike) Tom that what he’d said about Helen applied to him too. 【答案】struck 【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆突然想到他所说的关于海伦的话也适用于他。空处是句子的谓语动词，结合后文applied以及语境可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式struck。故填struck。 17．Forest fire is one of the major (disaster) of destroying forest reserves. 【答案】disasters 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：森林火灾是破坏森林保护区的主要灾害之一。one of + the + 复数名词。所以用名词的复数形式，在句中作宾语。故填disasters。 18．Keeping a diary in English is one of the most (effect)ways to improve our English writing ability. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：用英语记日记是提高英语写作能力的最有效方法之一。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词。effective，表“有效的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填effective。 19．A smile is perhaps one of the most common facial expressions and is a (power) way of showing positive emotions. 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：微笑也许是最常见的面部表情之一，是展示积极情绪的一种有力方式。空处需填power的形容词形式powerful，表示“有力的，强大的”，作前置定语，修饰名词way。故填powerful。 20． (bury)in doing research on wild plants, he seldom returned home. 【答案】Buried 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：埋头于野生植物研究，他很少回家。句中已有谓语动词seldom returned，空处动词应用非谓语形式，动词bury和逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词首字母应大写。故填Buried。 21．After planning the trip, we packed clothes and (supply), and began our great adventure. 【答案】supplies 【详解】考查名词的复数形式。句意：计划好旅行后，我们打包了衣服和补给品，然后开始了我们伟大的冒险。空处需要名词和空前的clothes作并列宾语。supply为名词“补给，补给品”，常用作复数形式。故填supplies。 22．We don’t believe the reason he gave at the class meeting. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们不相信他在班会上讲的理由。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 23．Anyone is against this opinion may speak out. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：任何反对这种观点的人都可以说出来。 is against this opinion是定语从句，对先行词anyone进行限定说明，先行词指人，关系词代替先行词anyone在从句中作主语，所以用who。故填who。 24．There is nothing can stop us from realizing our dreams. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词nothing，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词为不定代词，关系词只能用that。 25．We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我们不知道在这场灾难中失去家园的人数。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 二、单词拼写 26．In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones (旋风), while in the Atlantic they are typically called _________ (飓风). 【答案】hurricanes 【详解】句意：在太平洋，这类风暴被称为气旋，而在大西洋则通常称为飓风。根据汉语提示可知用名词hurricane，作宾语，结合上文are可知为复数。 27．Mary _________ (轻拍) her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 【答案】tapped 【详解】句意：玛丽轻拍了下自己的额头，看上去对自己很恼火。句子描述过去发生的动作，“轻拍”对应的英文单词tap在此处作谓语，根据looked annoyed可知，时态应为一般过去时。 28．My mother often reminds me, “Stay _________ (镇静)”, and I need that advice frequently. 【答案】calm 【详解】句意：我母亲经常提醒我：“保持镇静”，而我经常需要那条建议。句子中Stay是系动词，其后需接形容词作表语，“镇静”对应的形容词是calm 。 29．The president will _________ (发表) a speech on education. 【答案】deliver 【详解】句意：总统将就教育问题发表一场演讲。“发表”是动词deliver，空前有will，后接动词原形，deliver a speech意为“发表演讲”。 30．I tried to persuade him , but with little or no ________ (效果). 【答案】effect 【详解】句意：我试图说服他，但几乎没有效果。“效果”名词是effect作宾语。 31．If you choose an article in French, please still write your ________ (概要). 【答案】summary 【详解】句意：如果你选择一篇法语文章，请仍然写你的概要。“概要”是summary，由your可知，空格处需要名词，由an article可知，用单数形式summary。 32．The rising price of fuel is largely a result of independence between ________ (供应) and demand. 【答案】supply 【详解】句意：燃料价格上涨很大程度上是供需独立的结果。“供应”名词是supply，由between...and demand可知，空格处需要名词与demand并列，并且supply表示“供应”是不可数名词。作宾语。 33．The eruption of this _________ (火山) would be destructive. 【答案】volcano 【详解】句意：这座火山的爆发将是毁灭性的。“火山”是volcano，由this可知，空格处用单数。 34．In the event of an ________ (紧急情况), passengers should follow the instructions of the crew and remain calm at all times. 【答案】emergency 【详解】句意：在紧急情况下，乘客应听从机组人员的指示，并始终保持冷静。“紧急情况”应用名词emergency，作of的宾语，且空前有不定冠词an，emergency应用单数形式。 35．Her face ________ (埋，埋藏) in her hands, she sat silently by the window, trying to hold back her tears. 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她双手掩面，静静地坐在窗边，努力忍住眼泪。根据汉语提示“埋，埋藏”可知，用动词bury，本句谓语为sat，此处为非谓语动词，bury与逻辑主语Her face之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，Her face buried in her hands为独立主格结构。故填buried。 36．The couple who lived next to us volunteered to help after the volcano ________ (喷发). 【答案】erupted/eruption 【详解】考查动词/名词。句意：住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇在火山喷发后主动提出帮忙。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处可填动词erupt“喷发”，由volunteered可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式erupted；空处也可填名词eruption“喷发”，在介词after后作宾语。故填erupted/eruption。 37．Food, clothing, ________ (居所) and transportation are important to life. 【答案】shelter 【详解】考查名词。句意：衣食住行对生活很重要。根据汉语提示“居所”及句子结构可知，此处与Food、clothing、transportation并列作主语，用名词shelter，该词表示“居所”时为不可数名词。故填shelter。 38．The workers ________ (罢工) for better pay since last Monday. 【答案】have struck 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自上周一以来，工人们一直在为获得更高的工资而罢工。根据汉语提示“罢工”可知应填动词strike，结合后文since last Monday可知为现在完成时，主语为workers，助动词用have。故填have struck。 39．We should learn ________ (智慧) from our daily experiences. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该从日常经历中学习智慧。根据汉语提示“智慧”可知，此处应用不可数名词wisdom作宾语。故填wisdom。 40．Use ________ (上下文；背景) to understand new words. 【答案】context 【详解】考查名词。句意：用上下文来理解新的单词。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词context在句中作宾语，故填context。 三、完成句子 41．这是我参观过的最美丽的城市。 This is the most beautiful city ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 that I have visited 【详解】定语从句修饰先行词city，在从句作宾语，且由最高级修饰，只能用that引导；主语为I；表示“参观”用visit；从句为现在完成时。 42．我喜欢那些乐于助人的人。 I like people ________ ________ ready to help others. 【答案】 who are 【详解】陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，先行词people指人，用who引导从句，be ready to do为固定搭配，主语为复数，be动词用are。 43．他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。 He is the only student ________ ________ the exam. 【答案】 that passed 【详解】student后为定语从句，先行词student被the only修饰，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。表示“通过（考试）”用pass，动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。 44．这就是我昨天谈论的那位老师。 This is the teacher ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 【答案】 I talked about 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“我昨天谈论的”，该部分作为定语从句，修饰先行词the teacher，指人，且关系词在从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词who/whom/that引导，引导词可省略，从句主语为I，“讨论”用动词短语talk about，结合时间yesterday用一般过去时。 45．这就是我们昨天参观的那座博物馆。 This is the museum ________ ________ visited yesterday. 【答案】 that / which we 【详解】第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词museum，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应填关系词that或which（作visited的宾语，指代museum）；第二空表示“我们”，应用we，从句主语。 46．没有食物和水，我们无法生存。 We can’t ________ ________ food and water. 【答案】 survive without 【详解】考查动词和介词。根据句意，此处表示“没有……生存”，为动词survive和介词without搭配，情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填①survive；②without。 47．这个坏消息让我们所有人都感到震惊。 The bad news ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 shocked all of us 【详解】考查时态。“让……感到震惊”使用动词shock“使震惊”，这里描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，所以动词用过去式shocked；“我们所有人”表达为all of us，作宾语。故填shocked all of us。 48．在现代社会，互联网的快速发展影响了人们的沟通方式。 The rapid development of the Internet ________ ________ ________ ________ people’s way of communication in modern society. 【答案】 has an impact/ influence/ effect on 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。结合句意“影响”可知短语为have an impact/influence/effect on，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The rapid development of the Internet，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has an impact/influence/effect on。 49．他们正要开始比赛，这时天突然下起了大雨。 They ________ ________ ________ start the match ________ it suddenly rained heavily. 【答案】 were about to when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。be about to do sth. when...是固定句型，表示“正要做某事，这时……”。根据rained可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，用过去将来时，主语为They，be动词用were，故填①were；②about；③to；④when。 50．There are experts ________ ________ to give you all the help and advice you need. 有现成的专家随时为你提供所需的一切帮助和建议。 【答案】 on hand 【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“现成的”短语为on hand。故填on hand。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Britain’s record 40℃ temperatures will be normal within 30 years, according to new research. The study warns that extreme heatwaves will increase 51 more than 30 percent in the coming years. They 52 (fuel) by the burning of fossil fuels and other human activities, according to scientists. Tuesday was the hottest day ever recorded in the UK, 53 is an early preview of what climate forecasters believe will be typical summer weather in 2050. Wildfires have swept across the US, where more than a 54 (three) of the country is under heat warnings. Now 55 analysis of atmospheric circulation patterns and greenhouse gases suggests the crisis is worse than feared. It is based on data from just over a year ago when 56 (rough) 1,500 people died as average temperatures in the US and Canada more than 57 (double). “An extraordinary and 58 (expect) heatwave swept western North America in late June of 2021. It resulted in hundreds of 59 (die) and a massive die-off of sea creatures off the coast as well as horrible wildfires,” say scientists. Computer data found greenhouse gases are the main reason for 60 (increase) temperatures in the past and will be likely to become the main contributing factor. 【答案】 51．by 52．are fueled/are fuelled 53．which 54．third 55．an 56．roughly 57．doubled 58．unexpected 59．deaths 60．increased 【导语】主要介绍相关研究表明未来三十年内英国四十摄氏度高温或将成为常态，阐述极端热浪频发的成因、各地高温灾害带来的危害以及温室气体对气温上升造成的主要影响。 【详解】51．考查介词。句意：这项研究警告称，在未来几年里，极端热浪的发生频次将增加百分之三十以上。此处为固定搭配increase by意为“增加了”，此处用介词by。 52．考查动词语态。句意：科学家表示，化石燃料燃烧以及其他人类活动助长了这类极端热浪的形成。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语They和fuel之间存在被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为they，所以谓语动词为are fueled/are fuelled。 53．考查定语从句。句意：周二是英国有记录以来最热的一天，气候预报人员认为这也预示着2050年夏季天气将会普遍如此。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话内容，关系词在从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词which。 54．考查数词。句意：野火在美国各地蔓延，该国超过三分之一的区域都发布了高温预警。分数表达里分子用基数词，分母用序数词，三分之一表达为a third，所以此处为third。 55．考查冠词。句意：如今一项针对大气环流模式与温室气体的分析表明，这场危机比人们所担忧的还要严峻。analysis是可数名词单数，空前没有限定词，此处表示一项分析，属于泛指，且该单词以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。 56．考查副词。句意：该结论依据一年多前的数据得出，当时美加两国平均气温几乎翻倍，大约有一千五百人因此失去生命。此处用来修饰数量词，需要使用副词作状语，rough的副词形式是roughly意为“大约”。 57．考查动词时态。句意：该结论依据一年多前的数据得出，当时美加两国平均气温增至两倍以上，大约有一千五百人因此失去生命。此处讲述过去发生的事情，整体时态为一般过去时，double的过去式为doubled。 58．考查形容词。句意：科学家称，“2021年6月下旬，一场罕见且突如其来的热浪席卷了北美西部地区。这场热浪造成数百人丧生，致使沿海大量海洋生物死亡，还引发了严重的山林大火。”此处和形容词extraordinary并列修饰名词heatwave，结合语境表达出乎意料的含义，expect对应的形容词形式unexpected意为“出乎意料的”符合语境。 59．考查名词复数。句意：科学家称，“2021年6月下旬，一场罕见且突如其来的热浪席卷了北美西部地区。这场热浪造成数百人丧生，致使沿海大量海洋生物死亡，还引发了严重的山林大火。”hundreds of后接可数名词复数形式，die对应的名词复数形式为deaths。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：数据分析发现，温室气体是以往气温升高的主要原因，也很有可能继续成为影响气温变化的主要因素。此处非谓语动词作定语修饰名词temperatures，此处表示动作已经发生，所以此处使用increase的过去分词increased表示动作已经发生。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An avalanche is one of the most terrifying natural disasters in mountainous areas. Last week, a sudden avalanche hit a remote mountain village in the Alps, 61 (bury) dozens of houses in heavy snow. With snow masses 62 (roll) down rapidly, many tourists were trapped 63 danger. Local officials said that they 64 (send) professional rescue teams to the disaster area soon. 65 surprised people most was that some villagers managed to survive by hiding in solid stone houses. Many roads were blocked completely, making 66 hard for rescuers to move forward. It was difficult to tell the exact position of the 67 (survive).But rescuers didn’t give up. They kept searching day and night, ignoring the cold and strong winds. Experts say slight changes in temperature can easily cause avalanches. An avalanche, 68 can roll down at amazing speed, usually brings great damage to local people and tourists. We should respect nature, learn more about disaster 69 (prevent) and judge possible danger 70 (wise) before entering snow mountains. Only in this way can we reduce losses when we face natural disasters like avalanches and protect our own lives. 【答案】 61．burying 62．rolling 63．in 64．would send 65．What 66．it 67．survivors 68．which 69．prevention 70．wisely 【导语】主要说明了阿尔卑斯山村突发雪崩，房屋被埋、游客被困，救援队连夜搜救。气温变化易引发雪崩，人们需学习防灾知识、理智避险。 【详解】61．考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，一场突如其来的雪崩袭击了阿尔卑斯山脉的一个偏远山村，厚厚的积雪掩埋了数十座房屋。此处bury与avalanche构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着雪团迅速滚落下来，许多游客被困在了危险之中。此处为with的复合结构，且masses与roll构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。 63．考查介词。句意：随着雪团迅速滚落下来，许多游客被困在了危险之中。be trapped in danger表示“陷入危险中”。 64．考查时态。句意：当地官员表示，他们很快就会派遣专业的救援队伍前往灾区。主句过去时，soon 表将来，过去将来时。 65．考查主语从句。句意：最让人们感到惊讶的是，一些村民竟然通过躲藏在坚固的石屋中而得以幸存下来。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。 66．考查it用法。句意：许多道路完全被堵塞了，这使得救援人员难以向前推进。此处为make it adj. for sb. to do sth.，it作形式宾语。 67．考查名词。句意：很难确切地确定幸存者的具体位置。作介词的宾语，且数量大于一用复数名词survivors。 68．考查定语从句。句意：一场雪崩通常会以惊人的速度向下倾滚，会给当地居民和游客带来巨大的破坏。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词avalanche，在从句作主语，指物，故用which。 69．考查名词。句意：在进入雪山之前，我们应当尊重自然，多了解防灾知识，并明智地评估可能存在的危险。作介词的宾语，用名词prevention。 70．考查副词。句意：在进入雪山之前，我们应当尊重自然，多了解防灾知识，并明智地评估可能存在的危险。修饰动词judge用副词wisely。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1．death n．死；死亡→ adj.死的→ adj.致命的→ v．死亡 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n．效果；影响→ adj.有效的 → n．喜欢；喜爱；感情 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.感到震惊的 4．electricity n．电；电能→ adj.电的；用电的→ adj.电子的 5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→ n．呼吸→ adj.气喘吁吁的 6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→ adj.明智的→ adj.不明智的 7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n．受难；苦楚 8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n．喷发 9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→ n．幸存；生还→ n．幸存者；生还者 10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→ adj.紧急的→ vi.浮现；出现 11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→ n．投递；送交 12．length n．长；长度→ adj.长的→ v．(使)变长 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake (be) more than 400,000. 2．Another 254 were found (die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. 3．Mike ran out of the fields looking for places (hide), and fish jumped out of the water. 4．Most parts of African countries have suffered from (dry) in recent years. 5．Dry hair can (damage) by washing it too frequently. 6．He felt too (shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down. 7．We are moved into a cabin with (electric) but no running water. 8．The stream has frozen up and you can see the fish (trap) in the ice. 9．What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages (deliver). 10．His (wise) made him survive the earthquake. 11．The (survive) of the boy is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die. 12．The strong earthquake left the city in (ruin) merely in several seconds. 13．The sisters were treated as local heroes after (rescue) a two-year-old boy from drowning. 14．The Spring Equinox (春分) signals the equal (long) of the day and night time. 15．People tend to exercise in the morning partly because the morning air is so good (breathe)． 16．It (strike) Tom that what he’d said about Helen applied to him too. 17．Forest fire is one of the major (disaster) of destroying forest reserves. 18．Keeping a diary in English is one of the most (effect)ways to improve our English writing ability. 19．A smile is perhaps one of the most common facial expressions and is a (power) way of showing positive emotions. 20． (bury)in doing research on wild plants, he seldom returned home. 21．After planning the trip, we packed clothes and (supply), and began our great adventure. 22．We don’t believe the reason he gave at the class meeting. 23．Anyone is against this opinion may speak out. 24．There is nothing can stop us from realizing our dreams. 25．We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. 二、单词拼写 26．In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones (旋风), while in the Atlantic they are typically called _________ (飓风). 27．Mary _________ (轻拍) her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 28．My mother often reminds me, “Stay _________ (镇静)”, and I need that advice frequently. 29．The president will _________ (发表) a speech on education. 30．I tried to persuade him , but with little or no ________ (效果). 31．If you choose an article in French, please still write your ________ (概要). 32．The rising price of fuel is largely a result of independence between ________ (供应) and demand. 33．The eruption of this _________ (火山) would be destructive. 34．In the event of an ________ (紧急情况), passengers should follow the instructions of the crew and remain calm at all times. 35．Her face ________ (埋，埋藏) in her hands, she sat silently by the window, trying to hold back her tears. 36．The couple who lived next to us volunteered to help after the volcano ________ (喷发). 37．Food, clothing, ________ (居所) and transportation are important to life. 38．The workers ________ (罢工) for better pay since last Monday. 39．We should learn ________ (智慧) from our daily experiences. 40．Use ________ (上下文；背景) to understand new words. 三、完成句子 41．这是我参观过的最美丽的城市。 This is the most beautiful city ________ ________ ________ ________. 42．我喜欢那些乐于助人的人。 I like people ________ ________ ready to help others. 43．他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。 He is the only student ________ ________ the exam. 44．这就是我昨天谈论的那位老师。 This is the teacher ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 45．这就是我们昨天参观的那座博物馆。 This is the museum ________ ________ visited yesterday. 46．没有食物和水，我们无法生存。 We can’t ________ ________ food and water. 47．这个坏消息让我们所有人都感到震惊。 The bad news ________ ________ ________ ________. 48．在现代社会，互联网的快速发展影响了人们的沟通方式。 The rapid development of the Internet ________ ________ ________ ________ people’s way of communication in modern society. 49．他们正要开始比赛，这时天突然下起了大雨。 They ________ ________ ________ start the match ________ it suddenly rained heavily. 50．There are experts ________ ________ to give you all the help and advice you need. 有现成的专家随时为你提供所需的一切帮助和建议。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Britain’s record 40℃ temperatures will be normal within 30 years, according to new research. The study warns that extreme heatwaves will increase 51 more than 30 percent in the coming years. They 52 (fuel) by the burning of fossil fuels and other human activities, according to scientists. Tuesday was the hottest day ever recorded in the UK, 53 is an early preview of what climate forecasters believe will be typical summer weather in 2050. Wildfires have swept across the US, where more than a 54 (three) of the country is under heat warnings. Now 55 analysis of atmospheric circulation patterns and greenhouse gases suggests the crisis is worse than feared. It is based on data from just over a year ago when 56 (rough) 1,500 people died as average temperatures in the US and Canada more than 57 (double). “An extraordinary and 58 (expect) heatwave swept western North America in late June of 2021. It resulted in hundreds of 59 (die) and a massive die-off of sea creatures off the coast as well as horrible wildfires,” say scientists. Computer data found greenhouse gases are the main reason for 60 (increase) temperatures in the past and will be likely to become the main contributing factor. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An avalanche is one of the most terrifying natural disasters in mountainous areas. Last week, a sudden avalanche hit a remote mountain village in the Alps, 61 (bury) dozens of houses in heavy snow. With snow masses 62 (roll) down rapidly, many tourists were trapped 63 danger. Local officials said that they 64 (send) professional rescue teams to the disaster area soon. 65 surprised people most was that some villagers managed to survive by hiding in solid stone houses. Many roads were blocked completely, making 66 hard for rescuers to move forward. It was difficult to tell the exact position of the 67 (survive).But rescuers didn’t give up. They kept searching day and night, ignoring the cold and strong winds. Experts say slight changes in temperature can easily cause avalanches. An avalanche, 68 can roll down at amazing speed, usually brings great damage to local people and tourists. We should respect nature, learn more about disaster 69 (prevent) and judge possible danger 70 (wise) before entering snow mountains. Only in this way can we reduce losses when we face natural disasters like avalanches and protect our own lives. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $