16-高考核心688词汇 任务单-2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

该高中英语学习任务单系统覆盖高考核心考点，以词汇为基础，通过Section A单词背诵（20个高频词）、Section B词义巩固（多语境辨析）、Section C完形填空（语篇逻辑）、Section D语法填空（词形变化）及Section E中英互译（语言转换）构建层级化知识网络，引导学生通过任务驱动自主梳理，形成从基础到综合的完整认知体系。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如Section A的“默背1/2”打勾自测工具帮助学生精准定位薄弱词汇，Section B的多语境词义选择题培养语言能力和思维品质，Section C完形填空通过语篇逻辑推理提升分析能力。这些设计助力学生自主诊断、高效提升，教师可依据学情数据实施精准指导，有效培养学生自主复习能力。

Leaf 16 Section A 单词背诵 Section B 词义巩固 Section C 完形填空 Section D 语法填空 Section E 中英互译 Section A 单词背诵 （使用时遮住英文或中文，一遍过则在方框内打勾，后续查漏补缺看未打勾单词。） 英文 中文 默背1 默背2 state[steɪt] n. 状态；情形；国家；州；v. 声明，陈述 £ £ £ £ £ £ schedule['skedʒul] n. 时间表；日程表；清单；v. 安排，预定 £ £ £ £ £ £ refer[ri'fə:] v. 谈及，提到；查阅，参考；归类于（to） £ £ £ £ £ £ fulfill[ful'fil] v. 完成；履行；实现；满足 £ £ £ £ £ £ vehicle['vi:ikl] n. 车辆，交通工具；媒介 £ £ £ £ £ £ ambition[æm'biʃən] n. 雄心；野心；抱负 £ £ £ £ £ £ compete[kəm'pi:t] v. 比赛 (with/for/against)；竞争 £ £ £ £ £ £ survive[sə'vaiv] v. 幸存；生还；比… 活得长 £ £ £ £ £ £ moral['mɔrəl] adj. 道德的；精神上的；n. 道德；寓意 £ £ £ £ £ £ visible['vizəbl] adj. 可见的；明显的 £ £ £ £ £ £ tie[taɪ] v. 系，捆绑；联系，关联；n. 领带；纽带；平局 £ £ £ £ £ £ pile[pail] n. 堆，大量；建筑群；v. 堆积；蜂拥 £ £ £ £ £ £ underline[.ʌndə'lain] v. 在… 下面划线；强调 £ £ £ £ £ £ trigger['triɡə(r)] v. 触发；引发；n. 扳机；起因 £ £ £ £ £ £ prosperity[prɔs'periti] n. 繁荣，兴旺；成功 £ £ £ £ £ £ exclude[iks'klu:d] v. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳 £ £ £ £ £ £ atmosphere['ætməsfiə] n. 大气，氛围；空气；气氛 £ £ £ £ £ £ urgent['ə:dʒənt] adj. 紧急的；急迫的 £ £ £ £ £ £ artificial[.ɑ:ti'fiʃəl] adj. 人造的；虚假的；人为的 £ £ £ £ £ £ temporary['tempərəri] adj. 暂时的；临时的；短期的 £ £ £ £ £ £ Section B 词义巩固 （在括号中填写你认为合适的词义。） state 【A】n. 状态；情形 【B】n. 国家 【C】n. 州 【D】v. 声明，陈述 [steɪt] ①（ ）The document clearly states new rules. ②（ ）The machine is in a dangerous state. ③（ ）The US is made up of fifty states. ④（ ）Every state should respect international rules. schedule 【A】n. 时间表；日程表 【B】n. 清单 【C】v. 安排，预定 [ˈʃedʒuːl] ①（ ）The meeting is scheduled for next Monday. ②（ ）Check your travel schedule carefully. ③（ ）The shop released a schedule of goods. refer 【A】v. 谈及，提到 【B】v. 查阅，参考 【C】v. 归类于（to） [rɪˈfɜː] ①（ ）The term refers to ancient customs. ②（ ）Please refer to the dictionary for the word. ③（ ）He never referred to his painful past. tie 【A】v. 系，捆绑 【B】v. 联系，关联 【C】n. 领带 【D】n. 纽带 【E】n. 平局 [taɪ] ①（ ）There is a close tie between diet and health. ②（ ）He wore a blue tie at the ceremony. ③（ ）We tied the boxes together with rope. ④（ ）Family ties are very important in our culture. ⑤（ ）The game ended in a tie. pile 【A】n. 堆，大量 【B】n. 建筑群 【C】v. 堆积 【D】v. 蜂拥 [paɪl] ①（ ）People piled out of the subway station. ②（ ）A pile of letters lay on the desk. ③（ ）Snow piled up against the wall. ④（ ）This pile of old buildings will be rebuilt. trigger 【A】v. 触发；引发 【B】n. 扳机 【C】n. 起因 [ˈtrɪɡə(r)] ①（ ）The trigger of the gun broke suddenly. ②（ ）The argument triggered a series of problems. ③（ ）Stress can be a trigger for illness. fulfill 【A】v. 完成；履行；实现；满足 [fʊlˈfɪl] ①（ ）He promised to fulfill all his duties. vehicle 【A】n. 车辆，交通工具；媒介 [ˈviːɪkl] ①（ ）Language is a vehicle of communication. ambition 【A】n. 雄心；野心；抱负 [æmˈbɪʃən] ①（ ）Her greatest ambition is to become a scientist. compete 【A】v. 比赛(with/for/against)；竞争 [kəmˈpiːt] ①（ ）Many athletes will compete in the game. survive 【A】v. 幸存；生还；比…活得长 [səˈvaɪv] ①（ ）Only a few animals survived the big fire. moral 【A】adj. 道德的；精神上的；n. 道德；寓意 [ˈmɒrəl] ①（ ）The story has a clear moral for young people. visible 【A】adj. 可见的；明显的 [ˈvɪzəbl] ①（ ）There is visible improvement in his study. underline 【A】v. 在…下面划线；强调 [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] ①（ ）The report underlines the risk of pollution. prosperity 【A】n. 繁荣，兴旺；成功 [prɒsˈperəti] ①（ ）Peace brings prosperity to the whole country. exclude 【A】v. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳 [ɪksˈkluːd] ①（ ）We should not exclude different ideas. atmosphere 【A】n. 大气，氛围；空气；气氛 [ˈætməsfɪə] ①（ ）The party had a warm and friendly atmosphere. urgent 【A】adj. 紧急的；急迫的 [ˈɜːdʒənt] ①（ ）This is an urgent task and must be finished today. artificial 【A】adj. 人造的；虚假的；人为的 [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl] ①（ ）This flower is made of artificial silk. temporary 【A】adj. 暂时的；临时的；短期的 [ˈtempərəri] ①（ ）He found a temporary job during the holiday. Section C 完形填空 （阅读下面短文，从每题所给 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。考察词义辨析、固定搭配、一词多义、语篇逻辑推理。） With rapid urban ___1___, the number of urban motor ___2___ has increased sharply in recent years, which has seriously polluted the urban ___3___. Thick smoke from cars makes air pollution clearly ___4___, posing an ___5___ threat to public health. To reverse this situation, local governments have issued new policies and made detailed work ___6___ to control vehicle emissions. Experts ___7___ that endless vehicle exhaust will ___8___ severe respiratory diseases and ecological degradation. People used to ___9___ economic growth closely with traffic convenience, but they gradually realize that polluted air cannot let citizens healthily ___10___. Therefore, we cannot ___11___ environmental protection from urban development. It is everyone’s ___12___ responsibility to protect the environment, so no one should blindly pursue economic ___13___ at the cost of ecology. The city has begun to limit private cars and promote new-energy transport. Though such strict measures bring ___14___ inconvenience to citizens, they effectively reduce the ___15___ of exhaust waste. The government strives to ___16___ environmental governance goals and constantly ___17___ the importance of green travel. Cities should not merely ___18___ for economic benefits, but balance development and ecology. Only green development can truly ___19___ long-term urban vitality and help cities achieve sustainable ___20___. 1. A. prosperity B. expansion C. construction D. evolution 2. A. vehicle B. transit C. carriage D. machinery 3. A. atmosphere B. ecosystem C. surroundings D. territory 4. A. obvious B. visible C. blatant D. distinct 5. A. urgent B. grave C. potential D. direct 6. A. schedules B. blueprints C. schemes D. procedures 7. A. reinforce B. testify C. illustrate D. stress 8. A. trigger B. induce C. breed D. spark 9. A. tie B. bond C. correlate D. associate 10. A. survive B. thrive C. subsist D. dwell 11. A. exclude B. separate C. split D. isolate 12. A. moral B. fundamental C. compulsory D. civic 13. A. growth B. affluence C. progress D. boom 14. A. temporary B. negligible C. minor D. fleeting 15. A. output B. capacity C. emission D. discharge 16. A. accomplish B. fulfill C. achieve D. finish 17. A. iterate B. champion C. prescribe D. advocate 18. A. compete B. strive C. struggle D. pursue 19. A. sustain B. maintain C. preserve D. retain 20. A. development B. prosperity C. advancement D. innovation Section D 语法填空 （使用括号中的单词的正确形式填空。） The village leader came ____________ (state) new development plans and adjust our work ____________ (schedule). We can ____________ (refer) to successful cases ____________ (fulfill) each task. Electric ____________ (vehicle) support daily transportation in remote villages. Young villagers share the same ____________ (ambition). We ____________ (compete) fairly and learn how ____________ (survive) hardships while sticking to ____________ (moral) standards. The ____________ (visible) links ____________ (tie) every household closely. A ____________ (pile) of documents ____________ (underline) risks that may ____________ (trigger) troubles. Common ____________ (prosperity) cannot ____________ (exclude) anyone. We build a friendly ____________ (atmosphere). ____________ (urgent) challenges cannot merely rely on ____________ (artificial) methods or ____________ (temporary) solutions. Section E 中英互译 1. Officials state the urgent schedule and underline that we cannot exclude small vehicle firms when we seek long-term prosperity. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Experts refer to market data and warn that piled risks may trigger visible troubles for enterprises competing to survive. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 怀揣远大抱负，他决心履行承诺，拒绝依靠人造的短期优势参与行业竞争。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 道德准则维系良好氛围，不要把利益紧紧捆绑，忽视合作共赢的长久价值。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 这份报告着重凸显一个事实：仓促决策极易引发连锁问题，干扰企业稳定运营。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Leaf 16 Section A 单词背诵 Section B 词义巩固 Section C 完形填空 Section D 语法填空 Section E 中英互译 Section A 单词背诵 （使用时遮住英文或中文，一遍过则在方框内打勾，后续查漏补缺看未打勾单词。） 英文 中文 默背1 默背2 state[steɪt] n. 状态；情形；国家；州；v. 声明，陈述 £ £ £ £ £ £ schedule['skedʒul] n. 时间表；日程表；清单；v. 安排，预定 £ £ £ £ £ £ refer[ri'fə:] v. 谈及，提到；查阅，参考；归类于（to） £ £ £ £ £ £ fulfill[ful'fil] v. 完成；履行；实现；满足 £ £ £ £ £ £ vehicle['vi:ikl] n. 车辆，交通工具；媒介 £ £ £ £ £ £ ambition[æm'biʃən] n. 雄心；野心；抱负 £ £ £ £ £ £ compete[kəm'pi:t] v. 比赛 (with/for/against)；竞争 £ £ £ £ £ £ survive[sə'vaiv] v. 幸存；生还；比… 活得长 £ £ £ £ £ £ moral['mɔrəl] adj. 道德的；精神上的；n. 道德；寓意 £ £ £ £ £ £ visible['vizəbl] adj. 可见的；明显的 £ £ £ £ £ £ tie[taɪ] v. 系，捆绑；联系，关联；n. 领带；纽带；平局 £ £ £ £ £ £ pile[pail] n. 堆，大量；建筑群；v. 堆积；蜂拥 £ £ £ £ £ £ underline[.ʌndə'lain] v. 在… 下面划线；强调 £ £ £ £ £ £ trigger['triɡə(r)] v. 触发；引发；n. 扳机；起因 £ £ £ £ £ £ prosperity[prɔs'periti] n. 繁荣，兴旺；成功 £ £ £ £ £ £ exclude[iks'klu:d] v. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳 £ £ £ £ £ £ atmosphere['ætməsfiə] n. 大气，氛围；空气；气氛 £ £ £ £ £ £ urgent['ə:dʒənt] adj. 紧急的；急迫的 £ £ £ £ £ £ artificial[.ɑ:ti'fiʃəl] adj. 人造的；虚假的；人为的 £ £ £ £ £ £ temporary['tempərəri] adj. 暂时的；临时的；短期的 £ £ £ £ £ £ Section B 词义巩固 （在括号中填写你认为合适的词义。） state 【A】n. 状态；情形 【B】n. 国家 【C】n. 州 【D】v. 声明，陈述 [steɪt] ①（ ）The document clearly states new rules. ②（ ）The machine is in a dangerous state. ③（ ）The US is made up of fifty states. ④（ ）Every state should respect international rules. schedule 【A】n. 时间表；日程表 【B】n. 清单 【C】v. 安排，预定 [ˈʃedʒuːl] ①（ ）The meeting is scheduled for next Monday. ②（ ）Check your travel schedule carefully. ③（ ）The shop released a schedule of goods. refer 【A】v. 谈及，提到 【B】v. 查阅，参考 【C】v. 归类于（to） [rɪˈfɜː] ①（ ）The term refers to ancient customs. ②（ ）Please refer to the dictionary for the word. ③（ ）He never referred to his painful past. tie 【A】v. 系，捆绑 【B】v. 联系，关联 【C】n. 领带 【D】n. 纽带 【E】n. 平局 [taɪ] ①（ ）There is a close tie between diet and health. ②（ ）He wore a blue tie at the ceremony. ③（ ）We tied the boxes together with rope. ④（ ）Family ties are very important in our culture. ⑤（ ）The game ended in a tie. pile 【A】n. 堆，大量 【B】n. 建筑群 【C】v. 堆积 【D】v. 蜂拥 [paɪl] ①（ ）People piled out of the subway station. ②（ ）A pile of letters lay on the desk. ③（ ）Snow piled up against the wall. ④（ ）This pile of old buildings will be rebuilt. trigger 【A】v. 触发；引发 【B】n. 扳机 【C】n. 起因 [ˈtrɪɡə(r)] ①（ ）The trigger of the gun broke suddenly. ②（ ）The argument triggered a series of problems. ③（ ）Stress can be a trigger for illness. fulfill 【A】v. 完成；履行；实现；满足 [fʊlˈfɪl] ①（ ）He promised to fulfill all his duties. vehicle 【A】n. 车辆，交通工具；媒介 [ˈviːɪkl] ①（ ）Language is a vehicle of communication. ambition 【A】n. 雄心；野心；抱负 [æmˈbɪʃən] ①（ ）Her greatest ambition is to become a scientist. compete 【A】v. 比赛(with/for/against)；竞争 [kəmˈpiːt] ①（ ）Many athletes will compete in the game. survive 【A】v. 幸存；生还；比…活得长 [səˈvaɪv] ①（ ）Only a few animals survived the big fire. moral 【A】adj. 道德的；精神上的；n. 道德；寓意 [ˈmɒrəl] ①（ ）The story has a clear moral for young people. visible 【A】adj. 可见的；明显的 [ˈvɪzəbl] ①（ ）There is visible improvement in his study. underline 【A】v. 在…下面划线；强调 [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] ①（ ）The report underlines the risk of pollution. prosperity 【A】n. 繁荣，兴旺；成功 [prɒsˈperəti] ①（ ）Peace brings prosperity to the whole country. exclude 【A】v. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳 [ɪksˈkluːd] ①（ ）We should not exclude different ideas. atmosphere 【A】n. 大气，氛围；空气；气氛 [ˈætməsfɪə] ①（ ）The party had a warm and friendly atmosphere. urgent 【A】adj. 紧急的；急迫的 [ˈɜːdʒənt] ①（ ）This is an urgent task and must be finished today. artificial 【A】adj. 人造的；虚假的；人为的 [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl] ①（ ）This flower is made of artificial silk. temporary 【A】adj. 暂时的；临时的；短期的 [ˈtempərəri] ①（ ）He found a temporary job during the holiday. state：①【D】②【A】③【C】④【B】 schedule：①【C】②【A】③【B】 refer：①【C】②【B】③【A】 tie：①【B】②【C】③【A】④【D】⑤【E】 pile：①【D】②【A】③【C】④【B】 trigger：①【B】②【A】③【C】 fulfill：①【A】 vehicle：①【A】 ambition：①【A】 compete：①【A】 survive：①【A】 moral：①【A】 visible：①【A】 underline：①【A】 prosperity：①【A】 exclude：①【A】 atmosphere：①【A】 urgent：①【A】 artificial：①【A】 temporary：①【A】 Section C 完形填空 （阅读下面短文，从每题所给 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。考察词义辨析、固定搭配、一词多义、语篇逻辑推理。） With rapid urban ___1___, the number of urban motor ___2___ has increased sharply in recent years, which has seriously polluted the urban ___3___. Thick smoke from cars makes air pollution clearly ___4___, posing an ___5___ threat to public health. To reverse this situation, local governments have issued new policies and made detailed work ___6___ to control vehicle emissions. Experts ___7___ that endless vehicle exhaust will ___8___ severe respiratory diseases and ecological degradation. People used to ___9___ economic growth closely with traffic convenience, but they gradually realize that polluted air cannot let citizens healthily ___10___. Therefore, we cannot ___11___ environmental protection from urban development. It is everyone’s ___12___ responsibility to protect the environment, so no one should blindly pursue economic ___13___ at the cost of ecology. The city has begun to limit private cars and promote new-energy transport. Though such strict measures bring ___14___ inconvenience to citizens, they effectively reduce the ___15___ of exhaust waste. The government strives to ___16___ environmental governance goals and constantly ___17___ the importance of green travel. Cities should not merely ___18___ for economic benefits, but balance development and ecology. Only green development can truly ___19___ long-term urban vitality and help cities achieve sustainable ___20___. 1. A. prosperity B. expansion C. construction D. evolution 2. A. vehicle B. transit C. carriage D. machinery 3. A. atmosphere B. ecosystem C. surroundings D. territory 4. A. obvious B. visible C. blatant D. distinct 5. A. urgent B. grave C. potential D. direct 6. A. schedules B. blueprints C. schemes D. procedures 7. A. reinforce B. testify C. illustrate D. stress 8. A. trigger B. induce C. breed D. spark 9. A. tie B. bond C. correlate D. associate 10. A. survive B. thrive C. subsist D. dwell 11. A. exclude B. separate C. split D. isolate 12. A. moral B. fundamental C. compulsory D. civic 13. A. growth B. affluence C. progress D. boom 14. A. temporary B. negligible C. minor D. fleeting 15. A. output B. capacity C. emission D. discharge 16. A. accomplish B. fulfill C. achieve D. finish 17. A. iterate B. champion C. prescribe D. advocate 18. A. compete B. strive C. struggle D. pursue 19. A. sustain B. maintain C. preserve D. retain 20. A. development B. prosperity C. advancement D. innovation 解析： 1. 应填：B. expansion。分析：句子意为“随着城市快速‘扩张’”，urban expansion为固定搭配，表示“城市扩张”，与后文“机动车数量激增”形成因果。语法上expansion为名词，作with的宾语。排除：A.prosperity（繁荣，强调经济繁荣而非空间扩张）；C.construction（建设，侧重具体建筑）；D.evolution（演变，强调渐进变化）。 2. 应填：A. vehicle。分析：句子意为“城市‘机动车’数量近年来急剧增加”，motor vehicle为固定搭配，表示“机动车辆”。语法上vehicle为名词，作of的宾语。排除：B.transit（交通，多指公共交通系统）；C.carriage（马车，语义过时）；D.machinery（机械，不特指车辆）。 3. 应填：A.atmosphere。分析：句子意为“严重污染了城市‘大气’”。 4. 应填：B. visible。分析：句子意为“汽车浓烟使空气污染清晰‘可见’”，visible表示“可见的”，强调肉眼可察觉。语法上visible为形容词，作宾语补足语。排除：A.obvious（明显的，强调显而易见但不一定可见）；C.blatant（公然的，多指行为）；D.distinct（清晰的，强调区别明显）。 5. 应填：A. urgent。分析：句子意为“对公众健康构成‘紧迫的’威胁”，urgent threat表示“紧迫威胁”，强调需要立即应对。语法上urgent为形容词修饰threat。排除：B.grave（严重的，强调严重性但不一定紧迫）；C.potential（潜在的，与后文“已构成”矛盾）；D.direct（直接的，强调直接性而非紧迫性）。 6. 应填：B. blueprints。分析：句子意为“制定详细的工作‘蓝图’”，work blueprints表示“工作蓝图/规划”，强调整体计划框架。语法上blueprints为可数名词复数，作made的宾语。排除：A.schedules（时间表，侧重时间安排）；C.schemes（方案，侧重具体计划）；D.procedures（程序，侧重操作步骤）。 7. 应填：D. stress。分析：句子意为“专家‘强调’无尽的汽车尾气将……”，stress表示“强调”，后接that从句。语法上stress为及物动词，后接从句。排除：A.reinforce（加强，侧重强化已有观点）；B.testify（作证，侧重法庭语境）；C.illustrate（说明，侧重举例解释）。 8. 应填：B. induce。分析：句子意为“引发严重的呼吸系统疾病和生态退化”，induce diseases表示“引发疾病”，强调因果关系。语法上induce为及物动词，后接diseases。排除：A.trigger（触发，多指突发事件）；C.breed（繁殖/滋生，多指生物）；D.spark（引发，多指情绪或冲突）。 9. 应填：D. associate。分析：句子意为“人们过去习惯将经济增长与交通便利‘紧密联系’”，associate A with B为固定搭配，表示“将A与B联系起来”。语法上associate为及物动词，后接growth with convenience。排除：A.tie（系、绑，强调物理连接）；B.bond（结合，强调牢固关系）；C.correlate（相互关联，常与with连用但强调统计相关）。 10. 应填：B. thrive。分析：句子意为“污染的空气无法让公民健康‘茁壮成长/繁荣’”，thrive表示“茁壮成长、繁荣发展”，强调健康生活状态。语法上thrive为不及物动词。排除：A.survive（幸存，程度低于thrive）；C.subsist（生存，强调勉强维持）；D.dwell（居住，不涉及健康）。 11. 应填：B. separate。分析：句子意为“我们不能将环境保护与城市发展‘分离’”，separate A from B表示“将A与B分离”，强调二者不可分割。语法上separate为及物动词。排除：A.exclude（排斥，强调不让加入）；C.split（分裂，多指整体分裂）；D.isolate（隔离，强调物理隔绝）。 12. 应填：D. civic。分析：句子意为“保护环境是每个人的‘公民’责任”，civic responsibility表示“公民责任”，强调公民义务。语法上civic为形容词修饰responsibility。排除：A.moral（道德的，侧重个人品德）；B.fundamental（基本的，侧重基础性）；C.compulsory（强制性的，侧重法律要求）。 13. 应填：A. growth。分析：句子意为“不应盲目追求经济‘增长’”，economic growth为固定搭配，表示“经济增长”。语法上growth为名词，作pursue的宾语。排除：B.affluence（富裕，强调财富状态）；C.progress（进步，侧重发展过程）；D.boom（繁荣，多指经济周期）。 14. 应填：A. temporary。分析：句子意为“尽管这些严格措施给市民带来‘暂时的’不便”，temporary inconvenience表示“暂时不便”，与后文“有效减少排放”形成让步关系。语法上temporary为形容词修饰inconvenience。排除：B.negligible（微不足道的，语义不符）；C.minor（轻微的，侧重程度而非时间）；D.fleeting（飞逝的，多指短暂瞬间）。 15. 应填：C. emission。分析：句子意为“有效减少尾气‘排放’”，emission of exhaust waste表示“尾气排放”，与全文主题一致。语法上emission为名词，作reduce的宾语。排除：A.output（产出，强调总量）；B.capacity（容量，强调承载能力）；D.discharge（排放，多指液体或废物，不如emission搭配exhaust精确）。 16. 应填：C. achieve。分析：句子意为“政府努力‘实现’环境治理目标”，achieve goals为固定搭配，表示“实现目标”。语法上achieve为及物动词，后接goals。排除：A.accomplish（完成，多指具体任务）；B.fulfill（履行，多指职责或承诺）；D.finish（完成，侧重结束）。 17. 应填：D. advocate。分析：句子意为“不断‘倡导’绿色出行的重要性”，advocate importance表示“倡导重要性”，强调积极宣传。语法上advocate为及物动词，后接importance。排除：A.iterate（重申，侧重重复陈述）；B.champion（捍卫，强调支持）；C.prescribe（规定，侧重权威指定）。 18. 应填：B. strive。分析：句子意为“城市不应仅仅为经济效益而‘奋斗’”，strive for表示“为……而努力”，强调不懈努力。语法上strive为不及物动词，后接介词for。排除：A.compete（竞争，强调与对手竞争）；C.struggle（挣扎，强调艰难斗争）；D.pursue（追求，为及物动词，后直接接宾语）。 19. 应填：A. sustain。分析：句子意为“只有绿色发展才能真正‘维持’城市长期活力”，sustain vitality表示“维持活力”，强调持续保持。语法上sustain为及物动词，后接vitality。排除：B.maintain（维护，侧重保养）；C.preserve（保护，侧重保持原状）；D.retain（保留，强调保持拥有）。 20. 应填：A. development。分析：句子意为“帮助城市实现可持续‘发展’”，sustainable development为固定搭配，表示“可持续发展”。语法上development为名词，作achieve的宾语。排除：B.prosperity（繁荣，不搭配sustainable）；C.advancement（进步，多指科技或职位提升）；D.innovation（创新，不搭配sustainable）。 Section D 语法填空 （使用括号中的单词的正确形式填空。） The village leader came ____________ (state) new development plans and adjust our work ____________ (schedule). We can ____________ (refer) to successful cases ____________ (fulfill) each task. Electric ____________ (vehicle) support daily transportation in remote villages. Young villagers share the same ____________ (ambition). We ____________ (compete) fairly and learn how ____________ (survive) hardships while sticking to ____________ (moral) standards. The ____________ (visible) links ____________ (tie) every household closely. A ____________ (pile) of documents ____________ (underline) risks that may ____________ (trigger) troubles. Common ____________ (prosperity) cannot ____________ (exclude) anyone. We build a friendly ____________ (atmosphere). ____________ (urgent) challenges cannot merely rely on ____________ (artificial) methods or ____________ (temporary) solutions. 解析： 1. 应填：to state。分析：句子意为“村长前来‘陈述’新的发展规划”。came to后接动词原形state，表示“陈述、说明”。排除：stated（过去式，不符合to后接原形结构）。 2. 应填：schedule。分析：句子意为“调整我们的工作‘日程’”。形容词性物主代词our后接名词schedule，表示“日程安排”。排除：schedules（复数形式，此处泛指用单数）。 3. 应填：refer。分析：句子意为“我们可以‘参考’成功案例”。情态动词can后接动词原形refer，表示“参考、查阅”。排除：refers（第三人称单数，不符合can后接原形规则）。 4. 应填：fulfill。分析：句子意为“以‘完成’每项任务”。不定式to后接动词原形fulfill，表示“完成、履行”。排除：fulfilled（过去式，不符合to后接原形结构）。 5. 应填：vehicles。分析：句子意为“电动‘车辆’支持偏远乡村的日常交通”。Electric为形容词，后接可数名词复数vehicles，表示“车辆”。排除：vehicle（单数形式，与语境不符）。 6. 应填：ambition。分析：句子意为“年轻村民有相同的‘抱负’”。形容词same后接名词ambition，为不可数名词，表示“抱负、雄心”。排除：ambitions（复数形式，此处泛指用单数）。 7. 应填：compete。分析：句子意为“我们‘公平竞争’”。主语We为复数，一般现在时用compete，表示“竞争”。排除：competes（第三人称单数，与We不匹配）。 8. 应填：survive。分析：句子意为“学习如何在困境中‘生存’”。how to后接动词原形survive，表示“生存、存活”。排除：survived（过去式，不符合to后接原形结构）。 9. 应填：moral。分析：句子意为“坚持‘道德的’标准”。形容词moral修饰standards，表示“道德的”。排除：morally（副词，不修饰名词）。 10. 应填：visible。分析：句子意为“‘可见的’联系”。形容词visible修饰links，表示“可见的、明显的”。排除：visibly（副词，不修饰名词）。 11. 应填：tie。分析：句子意为“联系‘紧密联结’每个家庭”。主语links为复数，一般现在时用tie，表示“联结、捆绑”。排除：ties（作为动词单数形式，与复数主语不匹配）。 12. 应填：pile。分析：句子意为“一‘堆’文件”。冠词A后接可数名词单数pile，表示“堆、叠”。排除：piles（复数形式，与a不搭配）。 13. 应填：underline。分析：句子意为“文件‘强调’可能引发麻烦的风险”。主语documents为复数，一般现在时用underline，表示“强调、突出”。排除：underlines（第三人称单数，与复数主语不匹配）。 14. 应填：trigger。分析：句子意为“可能‘引发’麻烦”。情态动词may后接动词原形trigger，表示“引发、触发”。排除：triggers（第三人称单数，不符合may后接原形规则）。 15. 应填：prosperity。分析：句子意为“共同‘繁荣’不能排斥任何人”。形容词Common后接名词prosperity，为不可数名词，表示“繁荣”。排除：prosper（动词，不符合名词位置）。 16. 应填：exclude。分析：句子意为“不能‘排斥’任何人”。情态动词cannot后接动词原形exclude，表示“排除、排斥”。排除：excludes（第三人称单数，不符合cannot后接原形规则）。 17. 应填：atmosphere。分析：句子意为“我们营造友好的‘氛围’”。冠词a后接可数名词单数atmosphere，表示“氛围、气氛”。排除：atmospheres（复数形式，与a不搭配）。 18. 应填：Urgent。分析：句子意为“‘紧迫的’挑战”。形容词Urgent修饰challenges，表示“紧迫的、紧急的”。排除：Urgently（副词，不修饰名词）。 19. 应填：artificial。分析：句子意为“不能仅依赖‘人工的’方法”。形容词artificial修饰methods，表示“人工的、人造的”。排除：artificially（副词，不修饰名词）。 20. 应填：temporary。分析：句子意为“或‘暂时的’解决方案”。形容词temporary修饰solutions，表示“暂时的、临时的”。排除：temporarily（副词，不修饰名词）。 Section E 中英互译 1. Officials state the urgent schedule and underline that we cannot exclude small vehicle firms when we seek long-term prosperity. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Experts refer to market data and warn that piled risks may trigger visible troubles for enterprises competing to survive. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 怀揣远大抱负，他决心履行承诺，拒绝依靠人造的短期优势参与行业竞争。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 道德准则维系良好氛围，不要把利益紧紧捆绑，忽视合作共赢的长久价值。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 这份报告着重凸显一个事实：仓促决策极易引发连锁问题，干扰企业稳定运营。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 1.相关负责人说明紧迫的日程安排，并着重强调：追求长期繁荣时，不能排斥小型车企。 2.专家参考市场数据警示，不断累积的风险可能给艰难求生、相互竞争的企业带来显性危机。 3.With great ambition, he decides to fulfill promises and refuses to compete in the industry relying on artificial temporary advantages. 4.Moral standards maintain a nice atmosphere. Do not tie interests closely and ignore the lasting value of win-win cooperation. 5.The report underlines the truth that hasty decisions can easily trigger chain troubles and disturb the stable operation of enterprises. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $