做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 31（说明文阅读） 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统整合了说明文阅读高频词汇与真题考点，以“真题再现-核心词汇-词形变换-语用练习-语篇翻译”为逻辑主线，构建“词汇理解-语境应用-语篇分析”的三阶知识网络，通过任务驱动式学习单（如选词填空、单词默写）引导学生结合真题语境自主梳理词汇用法，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于融合语言能力与学习能力培养的自主复习设计，如板块四至五设置分层自测任务：Group A/B选词填空聚焦词汇语境匹配，单句语法填空与首字母拼写强化词形变换与语境应用，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱环节。每个模块配备参考答案与反思提示，学生可通过错题归因完善个性化词汇体系，教师能依据学生自测结果实施精准辅导，有效提升备考实效。

高考高频单词 DAY 31（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）] Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that. The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper" — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street. This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents was charged — and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny. This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling. 28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s? A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential. 29. What did street sales mean to newspapers? A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities. C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust. 30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at? A. Local politicians. B. Common people. C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen. 31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper? A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success. C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 newspaper /ˈnjuːzpeɪpə/ 报纸 sell /sel/ 出售；销售 annual /ˈænjuəl/ 每年的；年度的 subscription /səbˈskrɪpʃən/ 订阅 amount /əˈmaʊnt/ 数量；金额 money /ˈmʌni/ 钱 forbidding /fəˈbɪdɪŋ/ 令人生畏的；难以接近的 citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ 公民 accordingly /əˈkɔːdɪŋli/ 因此；相应地 rich /rɪtʃ/ 富有的 politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ 政治 trade /treɪd/ 贸易；行业 in addition 此外 appeal /əˈpiːl/ 吸引；呼吁 mass audience 大众受众 dull /dʌl/ 枯燥的；迟钝的 visually /ˈvɪʒuəli/ 视觉上地 revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/ 革命 take place 发生 penny paper 便士报 term /tɜːm/ 术语；说法 refer to 指的是 available /əˈveɪləbəl/ 可获得的 inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/ 便宜的 single copies 单份 overnight /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ 一夜之间 printer /ˈprɪntə/ 印刷工；打印机 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃɪs/ 购买 commonplace /ˈkɒmənpleɪs/ 普遍的；常见的 venture /ˈventʃə/ 企业；冒险 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ 订阅 — subscription /səbˈskrɪpʃən/ 订阅 — subscriber /səbˈskraɪbə/ 订阅者 — subscribing /səbˈskraɪbɪŋ/ 订阅的 — resubscribe /ˌriːsəbˈskraɪb/ 重新订阅 2. forbid /fəˈbɪd/ 禁止 — forbidding /fəˈbɪdɪŋ/ 令人生畏的 — forbidden /fəˈbɪdən/ 被禁止的 — forbiddingly /fəˈbɪdɪŋli/ 令人生畏地 — forbearance /fɔːˈbeərəns/ 克制 3. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ 公民 — citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/ 公民身份 — citizenry /ˈsɪtɪzənri/ 公民群体 — city /ˈsɪti/ 城市 — civic /ˈsɪvɪk/ 公民的 4. politic /ˈpɒlətɪk/ 明智的 — politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ 政治 — political /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/ 政治的 — politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃən/ 政治家 — politically /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/ 政治地 5. trade /treɪd/ 贸易 — trader /ˈtreɪdə/ 交易者 — trading /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/ 交易 — trademark /ˈtreɪdmɑːk/ 商标 — tradesman /ˈtreɪdzmən/ 商人 6. visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ 视觉的 — visually /ˈvɪʒuəli/ 视觉上地 — visualise /ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/ 可视化 — visualization /ˌvɪʒuəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ 可视化 — visuality /ˌvɪʒuˈæləti/ 视觉性 7. revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/ 革命 — revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri/ 革命的 — revolutionist /ˌrevəˈluːʃənɪst/ 革命者 — revolve /rɪˈvɒlv/ 旋转 — revolving /rɪˈvɒlvɪŋ/ 旋转的 8. available /əˈveɪləbəl/ 可获得的 — availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/ 可用性 — avail /əˈveɪl/ 有用 — unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/ 不可用的 — availably /əˈveɪləbli/ 可用地 9. inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/ 便宜的 — expense /ɪkˈspens/ 费用 — expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ 昂贵的 — expensively /ɪkˈspensɪvli/ 昂贵地 — inexpensively /ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪvli/ 便宜地 10. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃɪs/ 购买 — purchaser /ˈpɜːtʃɪsə/ 购买者 — purchasable /ˈpɜːtʃɪsəbəl/ 可购买的 — repurchase /riːˈpɜːtʃɪs/ 再购买 — purchase price 购买价格 11. common /ˈkɒmən/ 普通的 — commonplace /ˈkɒmənpleɪs/ 普遍的 — commonly /ˈkɒmənli/ 通常 — uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ 不寻常的 — commonality /ˌkɒməˈnæləti/ 共性 12. venture /ˈventʃə/ 冒险；企业 — venturous /ˈventʃərəs/ 冒险的 — venturer /ˈventʃərə/ 冒险者 — venturesome /ˈventʃəsəm/ 好冒险的 — misventure /mɪsˈventʃə/ 不幸事件 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下8个词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：newspaper, sell, annual, subscription, amount, money, forbidding, citizen 1. A __________ was sold through annual subscriptions in the 1830s. 2. The __________ of $8 or $10 was high for ordinary people. 3. These prices were __________ for most families. 4. Only a rich __________ could afford to buy a newspaper. 5. Publishers __________ newspapers through yearly subscriptions. 6. An __________ subscription cost $8 to $10. 7. Most people had little __________ to spend on newspapers. 8. The __________ was a major expense for many households. Group B（从以下7个词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：revolution, penny paper, term, refer to, available, inexpensive, single copies 9. The "__________" was a new type of cheap newspaper. 10. This __________ meant newspapers sold on the street. 11. The __________ made newspapers more accessible to the public. 12. Publishers began to __________ the new format. 13. Newspapers became __________ to everyone. 14. They were __________, costing only a penny. 15. People could buy __________ on the street. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 16. Before the 1830s, most newspapers __________ (sell) through annual subscriptions in America. 17. The amount of $8 or $10 __________ (be) forbidding to most citizens at that time. 18. Newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or __________ (trade). 19. They were dull and visually __________ (forbid), with little appeal to a mass audience. 20. The revolution that __________ (take) place in the 1830s would change all that. 21. The __________ (emerge) of the "penny paper" marked a turning point in journalism. 22. Street sales of newspapers __________ (become) commonplace in eastern cities within a few years. 23. The phrase "penny paper" __________ (catch) the public's fancy very quickly. 24. __________ (establish) publishers had little desire to change the tradition. 25. It took a few youthful and daring __________ (business) to get the ball rolling. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 26. Before the 1830s, most newspapers in America were sold through annual s__________. 27. The amount of $8 or $10 was f__________ to most ordinary citizens. 28. Newspapers were read almost only by r__________ people in politics or the trades. 29. The r__________ of the 1830s changed the newspaper industry forever. 30. The "p__________ paper" was a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. 31. Street sales of newspapers became c__________ in eastern cities within a few years. 32. At first, the price of single copies was s__________ a penny. 33. The phrase "penny paper" caught the public's f__________ very quickly. 34. Some early v__________ were immediate failures. 35. It took a few youthful and d__________ businessmen to get the ball rolling. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Before the 1830s, newspapers in America were sold mainly through annual subscriptions. The price was forbidding to most ordinary people, so newspapers were read mostly by the wealthy and educated. They were dull and had little appeal to a general audience. However, a revolution was about to take place with the introduction of the "penny paper." This new type of newspaper was inexpensive and available to everyone. It marked the beginning of a new era in journalism. Passage B The penny paper revolution transformed the newspaper industry. For the first time, newspapers could be purchased in single copies on the street, rather than only through subscription. This made newspapers accessible to the general public. The term "penny paper" referred to newspapers that were cheap enough for anyone to afford. The trend spread quickly in eastern cities, where street sales became commonplace. This change opened up the world of news to ordinary people. Passage C The birth of the penny paper was not an easy process. Established publishers were reluctant to change their traditional practices. Many early ventures failed. However, a few youthful and daring businessmen recognized the potential of the new market. They took risks and introduced cheap newspapers that appealed to the masses. Their efforts paid off, and the penny paper became a huge success. The penny paper revolution changed the way people consumed news and made information more accessible to everyone. 板块七：参考译文 在19世纪30年代之前，美国的大多数报纸都是通过年度订阅销售的，通常每年8到10美元。今天8或10美元看起来是一笔小钱，但在那时这些数额对大多数公民来说是难以承受的。因此，报纸几乎只被政治或贸易领域的富人所阅读。此外，大多数报纸的内容很少能吸引大众读者。它们枯燥乏味，视觉上令人望而生畏。但19世纪30年代正在发生的革命将改变这一切。 当时的趋势是朝着“便士报”发展的——这个术语指的是广泛向公众提供的报纸。它指的是任何便宜的报纸；也许更重要的是，它指的是可以在街上按单份购买的报纸。 这一发展并非一夜之间发生的。在1830年之前，购买单份报纸是可能的，但这通常意味着读者必须去印刷厂办公室购买一份。街头销售几乎是前所未闻的。然而，几年之内，报纸的街头销售在东部城市变得普遍。起初单份的价格很少是一便士——通常收费两到三美分——一些老牌知名报纸收费五到六美分。但“便士报”这个说法引起了公众的兴趣，很快就有报纸确实只卖一便士了。 这种面向“街头普通人”的报纸新趋势开局并不顺利。一些早期的企业很快失败了。已经从事这一行业的出版商——成功报纸的所有者——几乎没有改变传统的愿望。是几个年轻大胆的商人让这件事运转起来的。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 报纸 __________ 出售；销售 __________ 每年的；年度的 __________ 订阅 __________ 数量；金额 __________ 钱 __________ 令人生畏的；难以接近的 __________ 公民 __________ 因此；相应地 __________ 富有的 __________ 政治 __________ 贸易；行业 __________ 此外 __________ 吸引；呼吁 __________ 大众受众 __________ 枯燥的；迟钝的 __________ 视觉上地 __________ 革命 __________ 发生 __________ 便士报 __________ 术语；说法 __________ 指的是 __________ 可获得的 __________ 便宜的 __________ 单份 __________ 一夜之间 __________ 印刷工；打印机 __________ 购买 __________ 普遍的；常见的 __________ 企业；冒险 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 28．B 29．C 30．B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展，报纸从最初的小众消费品发展成为人人都能“读得起”的大众读物的发展过程。 【详解】 28.B 事实细节题 根据第一段第四句和第五句 In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. 可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。unattractive 可同义异构为文中的 dull and visually forbidding。 29.C 推理判断题 根据第二段和第三段可知，penny paper的出现，使得普通大众也可以买得起报纸，更重要的是可以在街上买到一份报纸。因为在1830年以前，买一份报纸虽然是可能的，但要专门跑到印刷厂，可见很不方便。因此 street sales（街头销售）的出现方便了更广大的读者，而从 within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. 进一步印证了 street sales 的出现使得报纸有了更多的受众。 30.B 推理判断题 根据第一段的 at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. 和第三段 street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities 以及 But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public's fancy 可知，新趋势下，报纸的目标受众是普通大众。 31.A 推理判断题 通读全文，尤其是通过第三段的第二句以及第四段可知，“便士报”的诞生并不容易。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A newspaper amount forbidding citizen sell annual money subscription Group B penny paper term revolution refer to available inexpensive single copies 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 were sold was trade forbidding took emergence became caught Established businessmen B. 首字母单词拼写 subscriptions forbidding rich revolution penny commonplace seldom fancy ventures daring 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 在19世纪30年代之前，美国的报纸主要通过年度 订阅来销售。其价格对大多数普通人来说令人望而却步，因此报纸主要由富有的和受过教育的人阅读。它们枯燥乏味，对普通 读者几乎没有吸引力。然而，随着“便士报”的引入，一场革命即将发生。这种新类型的报纸 便宜且人人都可获得。它标志着新闻业一个新时代的开始。 Passage B 便士报 革命 改变了报纸 行业。报纸第一次可以在街上按份购买，而不仅仅通过订阅。这使 报纸对普通 公众 可及。“便士报”这个术语 指的是任何人都 买得起的便宜 报纸。这一趋势在东部城市迅速传播，街头 销售变得普遍。这一变化向普通人打开了新闻的世界。 Passage C 便士报的诞生并非一个容易的过程。老牌 出版商 不愿 改变他们的传统 做法。许多早期的企业 失败了。然而，少数年轻而大胆的商人 认识到这个新 市场的潜力。他们冒险 引入了吸引 大众的廉价 报纸。他们的努力 得到了回报，便士报 大获成功。便士报 革命 改变了人们获取 新闻的方式，使 信息对所有人更加可及。 板块八 汉译英答案 newspaper sell annual subscription amount money forbidding citizen accordingly rich politics trade in addition appeal mass audience dull visually revolution take place penny paper term refer to available inexpensive single copies overnight printer purchase commonplace venture $