做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 22（说明文阅读） 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦说明文阅读高频词汇及阅读技能，按“真题引领-词汇梳理-词形拓展-应用实践”逻辑架构知识体系，通过选词填空、单词填空等任务驱动学生在语境中整合词汇、语法知识，自主构建阅读词汇网络与解题策略框架。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层提升设计，开篇真题再现实现考点自测，词形变换表支持词汇深度加工，语篇翻译强化语言能力。通过单词默写、语法填空等工具帮助学生定位薄弱点，培养语言能力与学习能力，教师可依据学情数据精准指导，支持个性化复习与因材施教。

高考高频单词 DAY 22（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）] Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 race walking 竞走 fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健康 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处 running /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ 跑步 contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 促成；贡献 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ 受伤；伤害 race walker 竞走运动员 conditioned /kənˈdɪʃənd/ 受过训练的；有条件的 athlete /ˈæθliːt/ 运动员 track and field 田径 event /ɪˈvent/ 赛事；项目 marathon /ˈmærəθən/ 马拉松 rule /ruːl/ 规则 straight /streɪt/ 直的 swing /swɪŋ/ 摆动 contact /ˈkɒntækt/ 接触 attractive /əˈtræktɪv/ 有吸引力的 assistant professor 助理教授 exercise science 运动科学 physically /ˈfɪzɪkəli/ 身体上地 demanding /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ 要求高的 calculation /ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən/ 计算 burn /bɜːn/ 燃烧；消耗 calorie /ˈkæləri/ 卡路里 approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ 大约 pound /paʊnd/ 重击 body weight 体重 runner's knee 跑步膝 cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ 谨慎的 consult /kənˈsʌlt/ 咨询 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. fit /fɪt/ 健康的 — fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健康 — fitter /ˈfɪtə/ 更健康的 — unfit /ʌnˈfɪt/ 不健康的 — fitly /ˈfɪtli/ 适当地 2. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处 — beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl/ 有益的 — beneficially /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəli/ 有益地 — beneficiary /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri/ 受益人 — benefactor /ˈbenɪfæktə/ 捐助者 3. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 贡献 — contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃən/ 贡献 — contributor /kənˈtrɪbjʊtə/ 贡献者 — contributive /kənˈtrɪbjʊtɪv/ 有贡献的 — redistributive /ˌriːdɪˈstrɪbjʊtɪv/ 再分配的 4. injure /ˈɪndʒə/ 伤害 — injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ 伤害 — injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ 受伤的 — injurious /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/ 有害的 — uninjured /ʌnˈɪndʒəd/ 未受伤的 5. condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ 状况 — conditioned /kənˈdɪʃənd/ 受过训练的 — conditioning /kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/ 训练 — conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənə/ 调节剂 — precondition /ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃən/ 前提 6. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ 运动员 — athletic /æθˈletɪk/ 运动的 — athletics /æθˈletɪks/ 田径运动 — athletically /æθˈletɪkli/ 运动上地 — athleticism /æθˈletɪsɪzəm/ 运动能力 7. calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ 计算 — calculation /ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən/ 计算 — calculator /ˈkælkjʊleɪtə/ 计算器 — calculated /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪd/ 精心计划的 — miscalculate /ˌmɪsˈkælkjʊleɪt/ 算错 8. approximate /əˈprɒksɪmət/ 大约 — approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ 大约 — approximation /əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃən/ 近似 — approximate /əˈprɒksɪmeɪt/ 接近 — approximative /əˈprɒksɪmətɪv/ 近似的 9. caution /ˈkɔːʃən/ 谨慎 — cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ 谨慎的 — cautiously /ˈkɔːʃəsli/ 谨慎地 — cautiousness /ˈkɔːʃəsnəs/ 谨慎 — precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ 预防措施 10. consult /kənˈsʌlt/ 咨询 — consultation /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən/ 咨询 — consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ 顾问 — consultative /kənˈsʌltətɪv/ 咨询的 — consultable /kənˈsʌltəbəl/ 可咨询的 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下8个词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：race walking, fitness, benefit, running, contribute, injury, athlete, conditioned 1. __________ is an Olympic sport that requires both speed and endurance. 2. Many people enjoy __________ as a form of exercise. 3. Regular exercise can __________ your overall health. 4. Physical activity can __________ to better well-being. 5. One common __________ in running is knee pain. 6. To succeed, every __________ must train hard. 7. Top athletes are well __________ for competition. 8. __________ is essential for peak performance. Group B（从以下7个词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：event, marathon, rule, straight, swing, contact, attractive 9. The 50-kilometer walk is a challenging __________. 10. The __________ is about 26 miles long. 11. The __________ of the sport requires the knees to stay straight. 12. During the leg swing, the knees must remain __________. 13. The __________ of the leg must be controlled. 14. One foot must remain in __________ with the ground. 15. Race walking is an __________ sport for many. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 16. Race walking shares many fitness __________ (beneficial) with running while contributing to fewer injuries. 17. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at six miles per hour __________ (burn) about 800 calories per hour. 18. The sport's strange form __________ (require) that a walker's knees stay straight during most of the leg swing. 19. Runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers __________ (create) only about 1.4 times. 20. __________ (compare) to running, race walking puts less stress on the knees. 21. Some of the injuries associated with running are __________ (common) among race walkers. 22. People with a history of ankle or hip injuries __________ (advise) to be cautious when adopting the sport. 23. Before trying race walking, one should first __________ (consult) a coach or experienced racer. 24. The __________ (demand) nature of race walking requires both physical strength and mental focus. 25. The proper technique for race walking __________ (learn) through consistent practice and expert guidance. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 26. R__________ walking shares many fitness benefits with running while causing fewer injuries. 27. Race walkers are well-c__________ athletes who follow strict rules during competition. 28. The sport's r__________ require that one foot remains in contact with the ground at all times. 29. According to c__________, a race walker burns about 800 calories per hour. 30. Runners hit the ground with more f__________ than race walkers do. 31. The s__________ form of race walking puts stress on the ankles and hips. 32. People with a history of such injuries might want to be c__________ when adopting the sport. 33. Anyone wishing to try race walking should c__________ a coach or experienced racer first. 34. The proper t__________ for race walking requires consistent practice. 35. A__________ who wish to try race walking should learn the proper technique first. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Race walking is an Olympic sport that shares many fitness benefits with running but contributes to fewer injuries. However, it has its own challenges. Race walkers are conditioned athletes who must follow strict rules. Their knees must stay straight during the leg swing, and one foot must remain in contact with the ground at all times. This unique form makes race walking both attractive and demanding. It requires proper technique and considerable practice to master. Passage B Race walking is physically demanding and burns a significant number of calories. A race walker moving at six miles per hour burns about 800 calories per hour, approximately twice as many as walking but fewer than running. However, race walking places less stress on the body than running. Runners hit the ground with up to four times their body weight per step, while race walkers create only about 1.4 times their body weight. This reduces the risk of injuries like runner's knee. Passage C Despite its benefits, race walking can cause stress on the ankles and hips. People with a history of such injuries should be cautious when adopting the sport. Experts recommend consulting a coach or experienced racer to learn the proper technique. Race walking takes practice and patience, but with the right training, it can be an excellent form of exercise. The sport offers a low-impact alternative to running while still providing a challenging workout. 板块七：参考译文 研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多相同的健身益处，同时更有可能减少受伤。但它确实有自己的问题。 竞走运动员是受过训练的优秀运动员。夏季奥运会最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松长约5英里。但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在腿部摆动的大部分时间保持伸直，并且一只脚必须始终与地面保持接触。然而，正是这种奇特的形式使竞走成为一项有吸引力的运动，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授杰奎琳·诺伯格说。 她说，像跑步一样，竞走对身体的要求很高。根据大多数计算，以每小时6英里的速度竞走的人每小时会消耗约800卡路里，这大约是步行消耗的两倍，但比跑步消耗的要少，跑步可能每小时消耗约1000或更多卡路里。 然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击不像跑步那么大。根据她的研究，跑步者每一步撞击地面的力量高达其体重的四倍，而竞走运动员脚不离地，每一步只产生约1.4倍体重的力量。 她说，因此，一些与跑步相关的伤害，如跑步膝，在竞走运动员中并不常见。但这项运动的奇特形式确实对脚踝和臀部施加了相当大的压力，因此有此类受伤史的人在进行这项运动时可能需要谨慎。她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的运动员，学习正确的技术。这需要一些练习。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 竞走 __________ 健康 __________ 益处 __________ 跑步 __________ 促成；贡献 __________ 受伤；伤害 __________ 竞走运动员 __________ 受过训练的；有条件的 __________ 运动员 __________ 田径 __________ 赛事；项目 __________ 马拉松 __________ 规则 __________ 直的 __________ 摆动 __________ 接触 __________ 有吸引力的 __________ 助理教授 __________ 运动科学 __________ 身体上地 __________ 要求高的 __________ 计算 __________ 燃烧；消耗 __________ 卡路里 __________ 大约 __________ 重击 __________ 体重 __________ 跑步膝 __________ 谨慎的 __________ 咨询 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 28．C 29．D 30．A 31. B 【导语】本文主要介绍竞走运动及它与跑步的不同之处。 【详解】 28.C 推理判断题 根据第二段 But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight... 可知，竞走运动员在竞走时需要遵守特定的规则。 29.D 事实细节题 根据第一段第一句 Race walking shares many benefits with running ... contributing to fewer injuries，以及最后一段第一句 As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, ... are uncommon among race walkers. 可知，竞走对膝盖的伤害要小于跑步。 30.A 事实细节题 根据最后一段 In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. 可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人应首先咨询教练或者有经验的运动员这些专业人士。 31.B 推理判断题 本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了竞走这项运动的规则及与跑步的不同之处，作者主要引用有关研究成果，因此对这项运动是持客观态度的。skeptical意为"怀疑的"，objective意为"客观的"，tolerant意为"容忍的"，conservative意为"保守的"。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A Race walking running benefit contribute injury athlete conditioned Fitness Group B event marathon rule straight swing contact attractive 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 benefits burn requires create Compared uncommon are advised consult demanding can be learned B. 首字母单词拼写 Race conditioned rules calculations force strange cautious consult technique Anyone 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 竞走是一项奥林匹克运动，与跑步有许多相同的健身 益处，但导致 更少的受伤。然而，它有自己的挑战。竞走运动员是受过训练的 运动员，必须遵守 严格的 规则。他们的膝盖在腿部 摆动时必须保持伸直，并且一只脚必须始终保持与地面 接触。这种独特的形式使竞走既有吸引力又有挑战性。它需要 正确的 技术和大量的 练习才能掌握。 Passage B 竞走在身体上 要求很高，并消耗 大量 卡路里。以每小时6英里的速度竞走的竞走运动员每小时消耗约800卡路里，大约是步行消耗的两倍，但比跑步 少。然而，竞走对身体的压力比跑步 小。跑步者每一步撞击 地面的力量高达其体重的四倍，而竞走运动员每一步只产生约1.4倍体重的力量。这降低了像跑步膝这样的受伤 风险。 Passage C 尽管有这些益处，竞走可能对脚踝和臀部造成压力。有此类受伤 史的人在进行这项运动时应谨慎。专家 建议 咨询 教练或有经验的运动员以学习 正确的 技术。竞走 需要 练习和耐心，但通过正确的 训练，它可以成为一种极好的 运动 形式。这项运动 提供了一种低冲击的替代 跑步的方式，同时仍然 提供一种具有挑战性的 锻炼。 板块八 汉译英答案 race walking fitness benefit running contribute injury race walker conditioned athlete track and field event marathon rule straight swing contact attractive assistant professor exercise science physically demanding calculation burn calorie approximately pound body weight runner's knee cautious consult $