做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 22（说明文阅读） 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考高频单词 DAY 22（说明文阅读）

板块一：真题再现

[（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）]

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A. They must run long distances.

B. They are qualified for the marathon.

C. They have to follow special rules.

D. They are good at swinging their legs.

29. What advantage does race walking have over running?

A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.

B. It’s less challenging physically.

C. It’s more effective in body building.

D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A. Getting experts’ opinions.     B. Having a medical checkup.

C. Hiring an experienced coach.    D. Doing regular exercises.

31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

A. Skeptical.   B. Objective.   C. Tolerant.                 D. Conservative.

板块二：核心词汇（30个）

race walking 竞走

fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健康

benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处

running /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ 跑步

contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 促成；贡献

injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ 受伤；伤害

race walker 竞走运动员

conditioned /kənˈdɪʃənd/ 受过训练的；有条件的

athlete /ˈæθliːt/ 运动员

track and field 田径

event /ɪˈvent/ 赛事；项目

marathon /ˈmærəθən/ 马拉松

rule /ruːl/ 规则

straight /streɪt/ 直的

swing /swɪŋ/ 摆动

contact /ˈkɒntækt/ 接触

attractive /əˈtræktɪv/ 有吸引力的

assistant professor 助理教授

exercise science 运动科学

physically /ˈfɪzɪkəli/ 身体上地

demanding /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ 要求高的

calculation /ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən/ 计算

burn /bɜːn/ 燃烧；消耗

calorie /ˈkæləri/ 卡路里

approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ 大约

pound /paʊnd/ 重击

body weight 体重

runner's knee 跑步膝

cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ 谨慎的

consult /kənˈsʌlt/ 咨询

 

板块三：词形变换（供背诵）

1. fit /fɪt/ 健康的 — fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健康 — fitter /ˈfɪtə/ 更健康的 — unfit /ʌnˈfɪt/ 不健康的 — fitly /ˈfɪtli/ 适当地
2. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处 — beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl/ 有益的 — beneficially /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəli/ 有益地 — beneficiary /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri/ 受益人 — benefactor /ˈbenɪfæktə/ 捐助者

3. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 贡献 — contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃən/ 贡献 — contributor /kənˈtrɪbjʊtə/ 贡献者 — contributive /kənˈtrɪbjʊtɪv/ 有贡献的 — redistributive /ˌriːdɪˈstrɪbjʊtɪv/ 再分配的
4. injure /ˈɪndʒə/ 伤害 — injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ 伤害 — injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ 受伤的 — injurious /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/ 有害的 — uninjured /ʌnˈɪndʒəd/ 未受伤的
5. condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ 状况 — conditioned /kənˈdɪʃənd/ 受过训练的 — conditioning /kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/ 训练 — conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənə/ 调节剂 — precondition /ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃən/ 前提
6. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ 运动员 — athletic /æθˈletɪk/ 运动的 — athletics /æθˈletɪks/ 田径运动 — athletically /æθˈletɪkli/ 运动上地 — athleticism /æθˈletɪsɪzəm/ 运动能力
7. calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ 计算 — calculation /ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən/ 计算 — calculator /ˈkælkjʊleɪtə/ 计算器 — calculated /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪd/ 精心计划的 — miscalculate /ˌmɪsˈkælkjʊleɪt/ 算错
8. approximate /əˈprɒksɪmət/ 大约 — approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ 大约 — approximation /əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃən/ 近似 — approximate /əˈprɒksɪmeɪt/ 接近 — approximative /əˈprɒksɪmətɪv/ 近似的
9. caution /ˈkɔːʃən/ 谨慎 — cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ 谨慎的 — cautiously /ˈkɔːʃəsli/ 谨慎地 — cautiousness /ˈkɔːʃəsnəs/ 谨慎 — precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ 预防措施
10. consult /kənˈsʌlt/ 咨询 — consultation /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən/ 咨询 — consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ 顾问 — consultative /kənˈsʌltətɪv/ 咨询的 — consultable /kənˈsʌltəbəl/ 可咨询的

 

板块四：选词填空

Group A（从以下8个词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次）

可选词汇：race walking, fitness, benefit, running, contribute, injury, athlete, conditioned

1. __________ is an Olympic sport that requires both speed and endurance.
2. Many people enjoy __________ as a form of exercise.
3. Regular exercise can __________ your overall health.
4. Physical activity can __________ to better well-being.
5. One common __________ in running is knee pain.
6. To succeed, every __________ must train hard.
7. Top athletes are well __________ for competition.
8. __________ is essential for peak performance.

Group B（从以下7个词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次）

可选词汇：event, marathon, rule, straight, swing, contact, attractive

9. The 50-kilometer walk is a challenging __________.
10. The __________ is about 26 miles long.
11. The __________ of the sport requires the knees to stay straight.
12. During the leg swing, the knees must remain __________.
13. The __________ of the leg must be controlled.
14. One foot must remain in __________ with the ground.
15. Race walking is an __________ sport for many.

Race walking is physically demanding and burns a significant number of calories. A race walker moving at six miles per hour burns about 800 calories per hour, approximately twice as many as walking but fewer than running. However, race walking places less stress on the body than running. Runners hit the ground with up to four times their body weight per step, while race walkers create only about 1.4 times their body weight. This reduces the risk of injuries like runner's knee.

Passage C

Despite its benefits, race walking can cause stress on the ankles and hips. People with a history of such injuries should be cautious when adopting the sport. Experts recommend consulting a coach or experienced racer to learn the proper technique. Race walking takes practice and patience, but with the right training, it can be an excellent form of exercise. The sport offers a low-impact alternative to running while still providing a challenging workout.

板块七：参考译文

研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多相同的健身益处，同时更有可能减少受伤。但它确实有自己的问题。

竞走运动员是受过训练的优秀运动员。夏季奥运会最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松长约5英里。但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在腿部摆动的大部分时间保持伸直，并且一只脚必须始终与地面保持接触。然而，正是这种奇特的形式使竞走成为一项有吸引力的运动，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授杰奎琳·诺伯格说。

她说，像跑步一样，竞走对身体的要求很高。根据大多数计算，以每小时6英里的速度竞走的人每小时会消耗约800卡路里，这大约是步行消耗的两倍，但比跑步消耗的要少，跑步可能每小时消耗约1000或更多卡路里。

然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击不像跑步那么大。根据她的研究，跑步者每一步撞击地面的力量高达其体重的四倍，而竞走运动员脚不离地，每一步只产生约1.4倍体重的力量。

她说，因此，一些与跑步相关的伤害，如跑步膝，在竞走运动员中并不常见。但这项运动的奇特形式确实对脚踝和臀部施加了相当大的压力，因此有此类受伤史的人在进行这项运动时可能需要谨慎。她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的运动员，学习正确的技术。这需要一些练习。

板块八：单词默写（汉译英）

规则 __________

直的 __________

摆动 __________

接触 __________

有吸引力的 __________

助理教授 __________

运动科学 __________

身体上地 __________

要求高的 __________

计算 __________

燃烧；消耗 __________

卡路里 __________

大约 __________

重击 __________

体重 __________

跑步膝 __________

谨慎的 __________

咨询 __________