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高考高频单词 DAY 23(说明文阅读)
板块一:真题再现
[(2020·全国一卷·高考真题)]
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. "We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day," explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off "switch" where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. To detect plants' lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
板块二:核心词汇(30个)
做高考真题,记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times!
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
connection /kəˈnekʃən/ 联系;连接
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ 主题;学科
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ 科学的
research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ 研究
positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ 积极的;正面的
effect /ɪˈfekt/ 效果;影响
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ 进行;实施
discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ 发现
greener /ˈɡriːnə/ 更绿的;更环保的
crime /kraɪm/ 犯罪
employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ 雇员
productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ 高产的;高效的
workplace /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/ 工作场所
decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ 装饰
houseplant /ˈhaʊsplɑːnt/ 室内植物
engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ 工程师
composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ 组成;成分
perform /pəˈfɔːm/ 执行;表现
diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ 多样的
sensor /ˈsensə/ 传感器
detect /dɪˈtekt/ 探测;发现
harmful /ˈhɑːmfəl/ 有害的
groundwater /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/ 地下水
glow /ɡləʊ/ 发光
faint /feɪnt/ 微弱的
transmission /trænzˈmɪʃən/ 传输;传送
consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ 消费;消耗
energy /ˈenədʒi/ 能源;能量
lamp /læmp/ 灯
fade /feɪd/ 褪色;逐渐消失
板块三:词形变换(供背诵)
1. connect /kəˈnekt/ 连接 — connection /kəˈnekʃən/ 连接 — connected /kəˈnektɪd/ 连接的 — disconnected /ˌdɪskəˈnektɪd/ 断开的 — connectivity /ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti/ 连通性
2. science /ˈsaɪəns/ 科学 — scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ 科学的 — scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ 科学家 — scientifically /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkli/ 科学地 — unscientific /ˌʌnsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ 不科学的
3. effect /ɪˈfekt/ 效果 — effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ 有效的 — effectively /ɪˈfektɪvli/ 有效地 — effectiveness /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/ 有效性 — ineffective /ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv/ 无效的
4. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ 进行 — conduction /kənˈdʌkʃən/ 传导 — conductor /kənˈdʌktə/ 指挥;导体 — conductive /kənˈdʌktɪv/ 传导的 — misconduct /ˌmɪsˈkɒndʌkt/ 不当行为
5. discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ 发现 — discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ 发现 — discoverer /dɪˈskʌvərə/ 发现者 — undiscovered /ˌʌndɪˈskʌvəd/ 未被发现的 — rediscover /ˌriːdɪˈskʌvə/ 重新发现
6. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ 生产 — productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ 高产的 — product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ 产品 — production /prəˈdʌkʃən/ 生产 — productivity /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ 生产力
7. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ 装饰 — decoration /ˌdekəˈreɪʃən/ 装饰 — decorative /ˈdekərətɪv/ 装饰性的 — decorator /ˈdekəreɪtə/ 装饰者 — redecorate /ˌriːˈdekəreɪt/ 重新装饰
8. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ 组成 — composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ 组成 — composer /kəmˈpəʊzə/ 作曲家 — composite /ˈkɒmpəzɪt/ 合成的 — decompose /ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz/ 分解
9. perform /pəˈfɔːm/ 执行 — performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ 表现 — performer /pəˈfɔːmə/ 表演者 — performing /pəˈfɔːmɪŋ/ 表演的 — nonperformance /ˌnɒnpəˈfɔːməns/ 未履行
10. diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ 多样的 — diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 多样性 — diversify /daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ/ 使多样化 — diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ 多样化 — diversified /daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪd/ 多样化的
11. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 消费 — consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ 消费 — consumer /kənˈsjuːmə/ 消费者 — consumable /kənˈsjuːməbəl/ 可消耗的 — overconsumption /ˌəʊvəkənˈsʌmpʃən/ 过度消费
12. transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ 传输 — transmission /trænzˈmɪʃən/ 传输 — transmitter /trænzˈmɪtə/ 发射器 — transmittable /trænzˈmɪtəbəl/ 可传播的 — retransmit /ˌriːtrænzˈmɪt/ 重新传输
板块四:选词填空
Group A(从以下8个词汇中选择填空,每个词限用一次)
可选词汇:connection, subject, scientific, research, positive, effect, conduct, discover
1. The __________ between humans and plants has fascinated scientists for centuries.
2. This __________ was to test how green spaces affect mental health.
3. __________ has shown that plants can significantly improve workplace well-being.
4. The study __________ed that greener areas experienced less crime.
5. Employees showed a __________ response when their offices contained plants.
6. The __________ of plants on worker productivity was remarkably strong.
7. The university decided to __________ a new study on urban greenery.
8. Many __________ discoveries have emerged from this area of study.
Group B(从以下7个词汇中选择填空,每个词限用一次)
可选词汇:employee, productive, workplace, decorate, houseplant, engineer, composition
9. Each __________ received a small plant for their desk.
10. With plants nearby, workers became more __________.
11. The __________ of the office was transformed by adding natural elements.
12. They decided to __________ the lobby with large leafy plants.
13. A single __________ can brighten an otherwise dull room.
14. The __________ of the air was tested in various rooms.
15. The __________ designed a system to monitor plant health remotely.
板块五:单词填空
A. 单句语法填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
16. The __________ (connect) between plants and human well-being has been scientifically proven.
17. The research team __________ (conduct) the experiment over a six-month period.
18. Employees in offices with plants were 15% more __________ (product) than those without.
19. __________ (change) the composition of plant leaves can give them new functions.
20. __________ (sensor) printed on leaves can detect when plants need water.
21. The glowing plants __________ (create) a faint light that lasted for several hours.
22. __________ (transmit) electricity over long distances wastes a significant amount of energy.
23. The use of glowing plants could help reduce energy __________ (consume) in urban areas.
24. The __________ (engineer) team hopes to bring this technology to market within the next five years.
25. __________ (make) plants glow was once considered science fiction, but now it is becoming reality.
B. 首字母单词拼写(根据首字母和句意补全单词)
26. Researchers have studied extensively the c__________ between plants and human health.
27. A team of r__________ is currently testing glowing plants in urban environments.
28. Employees who had greenery in their workspace showed a p__________ response.
29. Many e__________ factors, such as light and air quality, were improved by plants.
30. Scientists are studying the chemical c__________ of glowing plants.
31. S__________ on the leaves can detect when the plant lacks water.
32. After being activated, the plants g__________ for several hours.
33. Energy waste during t__________ of electricity is a major concern.
34. If widely adopted, glowing plants could significantly lower urban energy c__________.
35. Many e__________ believe glowing plants will soon be commercially available.
板块六:语篇翻译(英译汉,黑体词为关键)
Passage A
The connection between people and plants has long been a subject of scientific research. Recent studies have discovered positive effects of green plants. In one study, greener areas of a city experienced less crime. In another, employees were more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. These findings suggest that plants improve not only our environment but also our well-being and productivity. Researchers are now exploring how to enhance these benefits through technological innovation.
Passage B
MIT engineers are changing the composition of plants to perform new functions. They have developed plants with sensors printed on their leaves to detect when they lack water, and plants that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. The goal is to engineer plants that can replace everyday devices. One project involves making plants glow. In experiments, the team created a faint light that lasted for hours. This technology could one day light rooms or turn trees into street lamps.
Passage C
Lighting accounts for about 7% of US electricity consumption. Since lighting is often far from the power source, a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and save energy. The engineers are also working on a switch that would turn off the glow in daylight. The technology is still in the early stages, but the potential benefits are enormous. In the future, we may see glowing plants used as eco-friendly lighting solutions in our cities and homes.
板块七:参考译文
人与植物之间的联系长期以来一直是科学研究的主题。最近的研究发现了积极的影响。例如,在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现,城市中绿化面积较大的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时,他们的工作效率提高了15%。
麻省理工学院的工程师们更进一步——改变植物的实际成分,使它们能够执行多样的、甚至不寻常的功能。其中包括叶片上印有传感器的植物,可以在缺水时显示,以及可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。“我们正在思考如何设计植物来替代我们日常使用物品的功能,”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释说。
他最新的项目之一是在实验中使用一些常见蔬菜使植物发光。斯特拉诺的团队发现,他们可以创造持续三个半小时的微弱光芒。这种光大约是阅读所需亮度的千分之一,这只是一个开始。斯特拉诺说,这项技术有朝一日可以用来照亮房间,甚至把树木变成自供电的路灯。
未来,该团队希望开发一种技术版本,可以一次性喷洒在植物叶片上,持续植物的整个生命周期。工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关,使发光在暴露于日光时变暗。
照明约占美国总电力消耗的7%。由于照明通常远离电源——例如从发电厂到偏远高速公路上的路灯的距离——大量能量在传输过程中损失。发光的植物可以缩短这一距离,从而有助于节约能源。
板块八:单词默写(汉译英)
联系;连接 __________
主题;学科 __________
科学的 __________
研究 __________
积极的;正面的 __________
效果;影响 __________
进行;实施 __________
发现 __________
更绿的;更环保的 __________
犯罪 __________
雇员 __________
高产的;高效的 __________
工作场所 __________
装饰 __________
室内植物 __________
工程师 __________
组成;成分 __________
执行;表现 __________
多样的 __________
传感器 __________
探测;发现 __________
有害的 __________
地下水 __________
发光 __________
微弱的 __________
传输;传送 __________
消费;消耗 __________
能源;能量 __________
灯 __________
褪色;逐渐消失 __________
【参考答案】
板块一 真题再现答案
32.D 33.A 34.C 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了运用高科技改造绿色植物从而节能减排的科学探索。
【详解】
32.D 推理判断题 根据 Recent studies have found positive effects ... experienced less crime, ...15% more productive 可推知,本段主要通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人的益处,positive effects 此处相当于 benefits。
33.A 事实细节题 根据第二段中的 These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 可知,印在植物叶片上的传感器可以检测植物的含水量,显示其缺水情况。lack of water 和 short of water 为同义异构。
34.C 推理判断题 最后三段探讨了麻省理工学院对植物发光进行的研究以及将其用于室内外照明的一些设想。根据第三段最后一句 ... could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps 和最后一段最后一句 Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 可推知,发光植物预计在将来可被用来节约能源。
35.C 主旨大意题 通读全文可知,文章重点介绍了麻省理工学院对植物照明的研发,用设问的方式给出标题“发光植物能替代灯(照明)吗?”
板块四 选词填空答案
Group A
connection
subject
Research
discovered
positive
effect
conduct
scientific
Group B
employee
productive
workplace
decorate
houseplant
composition
engineer
板块五 单词填空答案
A. 单句语法填空
connection
conducted
productive
Changing
Sensors
created
Transmitting
consumption
engineering
Making
B. 首字母单词拼写
connection
researchers
positive
environmental
composition
Sensors
glowed
transmission
consumption
engineers
板块六 语篇翻译参考译文
Passage A
人与植物之间的联系长期以来一直是科学 研究的主题。最近的研究发现了绿色植物的积极 影响。在一项研究中,城市中绿化面积较大的区域经历了较少的犯罪。在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所 装饰有室内植物时,他们的工作效率更高。这些发现 表明植物不仅改善我们的环境,还改善我们的福祉和生产力。研究人员现在正在探索如何通过技术 创新来增强这些益处。
Passage B
麻省理工学院的工程师正在改变植物的成分,使其执行新的功能。他们已经开发出叶片上印有传感器的植物,以探测植物何时缺水,以及可以探测 地下水中有害 化学物质的植物。目标是设计能够替代日常设备的植物。一个项目涉及使植物发光。在实验中,该团队创造了一种微弱的光芒,持续了几个小时。这项技术有朝一日可以照亮房间或将树木变成 路灯。
Passage C
照明 约占美国电力 消耗的7%。由于照明通常远离电源,大量能源在传输过程中损失。发光的植物可以缩短这一距离并节约 能源。工程师们还在研究一种开关,可以在日光下关闭发光。这项技术仍处于早期 阶段,但潜在的益处是巨大的。在未来,我们可能会看到发光的植物被用作我们城市和家庭中环保的 照明 解决方案。
板块八 汉译英答案
connection
subject
scientific
research
positive
effect
conduct
discover
greener
crime
employee
productive
workplace
decorate
houseplant
engineer
composition
perform
diverse
sensor
detect
harmful
groundwater
glow
faint
transmission
consumption
energy
lamp
fade
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