内容正文:
高考高频单词 DAY 29(说明文阅读)
板块一:真题再现
[(2019·全国二卷·高考真题)]
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half have breakfast alone and nearly half have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He's fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
板块二:核心词汇(30个)
做高考真题,记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times!
1
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counter /ˈkaʊntə/ 柜台
e-book /ˈiː bʊk/ 电子书
wait /weɪt/ 等待
salad /ˈsæləd/ 沙拉
American /əˈmerɪkən/ 美国人
alone /əˈləʊn/ 独自的;单独的
report /rɪˈpɔːt/ 报告
percent /pəˈsent/ 百分比
meal /miːl/ 一餐
breakfast /ˈbrekfəst/ 早餐
dinnertime /ˈdɪnətaɪm/ 晚餐时间
statistic /stəˈtɪstɪk/ 统计数据
prefer /prɪˈfɜː/ 更喜欢
downtown /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ 市中心
coworker /ˌkəʊˈwɜːkə/ 同事
desk /desk/ 办公桌
escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ 逃避;逃脱
allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许
tap /tæp/ 轻拍;轻敲
shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə/ 肩膀
return /rɪˈtɜːn/ 返回
energized /ˈenədʒaɪzd/ 精力充沛的
videographer /ˌvɪdiˈɒɡrəfə/ 摄像师
check /tʃek/ 查看;检查
chat /tʃæt/ 聊天
interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ 互动;交流
reflect /rɪˈflekt/ 反思;反映
self-reflection /ˌself rɪˈflekʃən/ 自我反思
recharge /ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 充电;恢复精力
awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ 尴尬的
板块三:词形变换(供背诵)
1. alone /əˈləʊn/ 独自的 — loneliness /ˈləʊnlinəs/ 孤独 — lonely /ˈləʊnli/ 孤独的 — lonesome /ˈləʊnsəm/ 寂寞的 — aloneness /əˈləʊnnəs/ 独自状态
2. report /rɪˈpɔːt/ 报告 — reporter /rɪˈpɔːtə/ 记者 — reported /rɪˈpɔːtɪd/ 被报告的 — unreported /ˌʌnrɪˈpɔːtɪd/ 未被报告的 — reportage /ˌrepɔːˈtɑːʒ/ 新闻报道
3. prefer /prɪˈfɜː/ 更喜欢 — preference /ˈprefərəns/ 偏好 — preferable /ˈprefərəbəl/ 更可取的 — preferably /ˈprefərəbli/ 最好 — preferential /ˌprefəˈrenʃəl/ 优先的
4. allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许 — allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ 允许;津贴 — allowable /əˈlaʊəbəl/ 可允许的 — disallow /ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ/ 不允许 — allowed /əˈlaʊd/ 被允许的
5. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ 返回 — returning /rɪˈtɜːnɪŋ/ 返回的 — returnable /rɪˈtɜːnəbəl/ 可退还的 — non-returnable /ˌnɒn rɪˈtɜːnəbəl/ 不可退还的 — returnee /rɪˌtɜːˈniː/ 归国者
6. energy /ˈenədʒi/ 精力;能源 — energized /ˈenədʒaɪzd/ 精力充沛的 — energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ 精力旺盛的 — energetically /ˌenəˈdʒetɪkli/ 精力旺盛地 — energize /ˈenədʒaɪz/ 使充满活力
7. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ 互动 — interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ 互动 — interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ 互动的 — interactively /ˌɪntərˈæktɪvli/ 互动地 — interactivity /ˌɪntərækˈtɪvəti/ 互动性
8. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ 反思 — reflection /rɪˈflekʃən/ 反思 — reflective /rɪˈflektɪv/ 反思的 — reflector /rɪˈflektə/ 反射器 — unreflective /ˌʌnrɪˈflektɪv/ 不反思的
9. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ 充电 — recharge /ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 充电 — rechargeable /riːˈtʃɑːdʒəbəl/ 可充电的 — discharged /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒd/ 放电的 — charger /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/ 充电器
10. awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ 尴尬的 — awkwardly /ˈɔːkwədli/ 尴尬地 — awkwardness /ˈɔːkwədnəs/ 尴尬 — unawkward /ʌnˈɔːkwəd/ 不尴尬的 — awkwards /ˈɔːkwədz/ 笨拙的人
11. choose /tʃuːz/ 选择 — choice /tʃɔɪs/ 选择 — chooser /ˈtʃuːzə/ 选择者 — chosen /ˈtʃəʊzən/ 被选中的 — choosey /ˈtʃuːzi/ 挑剔的
板块四:选词填空
Group A(从以下8个词汇中选择填空,每个词限用一次)
可选词汇:counter, ebook, report, percent, alone, salad, American, meal
1. Marian Bechtel sat at the __________ of a restaurant, quietly reading her ebook.
2. She enjoys reading an __________ during her lunch break.
3. According to a new __________, many Americans eat alone.
4. About 46 __________ of meals are eaten alone in America.
5. Bechtel is not __________ in her habit of eating lunch by herself.
6. A __________ is a healthy choice for a quick lunch.
7. More and more __________s are choosing to eat by themselves.
8. A solitary __________ can be a refreshing break from a busy day.
Group B(从以下7个词汇中选择填空,每个词限用一次)
可选词汇:prefer, downtown, coworker, desk, escape, allow, return
9. She __________s to go out for lunch rather than eat at her desk.
10. Bechtel works in __________ West Palm Beach.
11. Sometimes she has lunch with a __________, but often she prefers solitude.
12. She often eats at her __________ while working through lunch.
13. A lunchtime __________ allows her to have some time to herself.
14. The break __________s her to avoid being disturbed by her boss.
15. After lunch, she __________s to work feeling refreshed.
板块五:单词填空
A. 单句语法填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
16. The report found that 46 percent of __________ (meal) are eaten alone in America.
17. More than half of __________ (America) eat breakfast alone.
18. Bechtel __________ (prefer) to go out for lunch rather than eat at her desk.
19. A lunchtime escape __________ (allow) her to avoid being interrupted by her boss.
20. She __________ (return) to work feeling energized and ready for the afternoon.
21. __________ (eat) alone has become increasingly common in modern society.
22. Andrew Mazoleny __________ (use) his lunchtime for selfreflection.
23. He __________ (reflect) on how his day has gone and plans for the rest of the week.
24. The __________ (free) to choose to eat alone is a modern luxury.
25. Technology __________ (make) eating alone less lonely.
B. 首字母单词拼写(根据首字母和句意补全单词)
26. Marian Bechtel sat at the c__________ of a restaurant reading her ebook.
27. The r__________ found that 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.
28. She p__________s to eat alone rather than with coworkers.
29. A lunchtime e__________ allows her to have some time to herself.
30. Bechtel works in d__________ West Palm Beach.
31. After lunch, she r__________s to work feeling energized.
32. He likes to c__________ with the barkeeper whom he knows by first name.
33. He uses lunchtime for s__________reflection and planning.
34. The f__________ to eat alone is a choice that many people appreciate.
35. With smartphones, eating alone doesn't f__________ as lonely as before.
板块六:语篇翻译(英译汉,黑体词为关键)
Passage A
More and more Americans are choosing to eat their meals alone. According to a new report, 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half eat breakfast alone, and nearly half have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime do people still eat together. This trend reflects a change in eating habits. Many people prefer to have some time to themselves during the day. They use this time to relax, read, or just think about their day. Eating alone has become a common practice in modern society.
Passage B
For people like Marian Bechtel, eating alone is a way to escape from the demands of work. She works in downtown West Palm Beach and often has lunch by herself. A lunchtime escape allows her to avoid being disturbed by her boss or coworkers. She returns to work feeling energized and ready for the afternoon. Similarly, Andrew Mazoleny uses his lunchtime for self-reflection. He reflects on how his day has gone and plans for the rest of the week. These moments of solitude are valuable for mental well-being.
Passage C
The freedom to choose to eat alone is a modern luxury. In the past, people might have felt awkward about dining alone. Today, however, it is widely accepted and even encouraged. Technology has contributed to this change. With smartphones, people can stay connected while enjoying a meal alone. As Laurie Demeritt notes, "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology." Eating alone is no longer a source of shame but a choice that offers freedom and flexibility in our busy lives.
板块七:参考译文
玛丽安·贝希特尔独自坐在西棕榈滩的Bar Louie柜台旁,静静地读着她的电子书,等待沙拉。她在读什么?不关你的事!午餐是贝希特尔的“自我”时间。像越来越多的美国人一样,她并不孤单。
一份新报告发现,在美国46%的餐食是独自一人吃的。超过一半的人独自吃早餐,近一半的人独自吃午餐。只有晚餐时间我们才一起吃饭,根据报告的统计数据,这一比例为74%。
“我更喜欢出去,在外面待着。独自一人,但同时也在一起,你知道吗?”贝希特尔从她的书上抬起头来说道。贝希特尔在西棕榈滩市中心工作,有时和同事一起吃午饭,但像我们中的许多人一样,她经常在办公桌前边工作边吃午饭。午餐时间的逃离让她可以避免老板的打扰。她回到工作岗位时感到精力充沛。“今天,我只想有一些属于自己的时间,”她说。
隔了两个座位,当地的摄像师安德鲁·马佐莱尼正在吧台吃完午餐。他喜欢他可以安静地坐下来查看手机,或者如果想有一点交流的话,可以和那个他直呼其名的酒吧老板聊天。“我反思我一天过得怎样,并思考这周剩下的时间,”他说。“这是一个自我反思的机会。你回到工作岗位时精力充沛,带着计划。”
这种选择的自由是更多人喜欢独自吃饭的原因之一。曾经有一段时间,人们可能会因为要一张一个人的桌子而感到尴尬,但那些日子已经过去了。现在,我们有智能手机在餐桌上陪伴我们。“它不像在技术进步之前那样感觉孤独了,”劳里·德梅里特说,她的公司为这份报告提供了统计数据。
板块八:单词默写(汉译英)
柜台 __________
电子书 __________
等待 __________
沙拉 __________
美国人 __________
独自的;单独的 __________
报告 __________
百分比 __________
一餐 __________
早餐 __________
晚餐时间 __________
统计数据 __________
更喜欢 __________
市中心 __________
同事 __________
办公桌 __________
逃避;逃脱 __________
允许 __________
轻拍;轻敲 __________
肩膀 __________
返回 __________
精力充沛的 __________
摄像师 __________
查看;检查 __________
聊天 __________
互动;交流 __________
反思;反映 __________
自我反思 __________
充电;恢复精力 __________
尴尬的 __________
【参考答案】
板块一 真题再现答案
28.B 29.C 30.D 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。据统计越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐,并通过两个实例加以说明,文章最后一段总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因。
【详解】
28.B 推理判断题
第二段内容中提到,一份新的报告发现,46%的情况下美国人都是独自用餐的。超过半数(53%)的人独自吃早餐,近一半(46%)人独自吃午餐。有74%的人只在晚餐时间才一起吃饭。由此可见,这项报告的统计数据是关于人们的饮食习惯,即许多人喜欢独自用餐。
29.C 事实细节题 第三段中提到,午餐时间的休息可以让Bechtel不受老板差遣,回到工作岗位时也能精力充沛。第三段最后一句话表明Bechtel想给自己一些时间,因此Bechtel更愿意在外面吃午餐是因为她想要有自己的时间。
30.D 事实细节题
第四段中提到,Mazoleny喜欢安静地坐着看手机,也会和酒吧老板直呼其名,亲切地聊会天。On a first-name basis意为"关系密切直呼其名"。由此可知,Mazoleny与酒吧老板熟识。
31.A 主旨大意题
本文通过一份报告的统计数据和两个实例说明美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势,并在文章最后一段提出人们选择独自用餐的原因。因此A项正确。
板块四 选词填空答案
Group A
counter
ebook
report
percent
alone
salad
Americans
meal
Group B
prefers
downtown
coworker
desk
escape
allows
returns
板块五 单词填空答案
A. 单句语法填空
meals
Americans
prefers
allows
returns
Eating
uses
reflects
freedom
makes
B. 首字母单词拼写
counter
report
prefers
escape
downtown
returns
chat
self
freedom
feel
板块六 语篇翻译参考译文
Passage A
越来越多的美国人选择独自吃饭。根据一份新的报告,在美国46%的餐食是独自吃的。超过一半的人独自吃早餐,近一半的人独自吃午餐。只有晚餐时间人们才仍然一起吃饭。这一趋势 反映了饮食习惯的变化。许多人更喜欢白天有一些属于自己的时间。他们用这段时间来放松、阅读或只是思考他们的一天。独自吃饭在现代社会已成为一种普遍的做法。
Passage B
对于像玛丽安·贝希特尔这样的人来说,独自吃饭是一种逃离工作要求的方式。她在西棕榈滩的市中心工作,经常独自吃午餐。午餐时间的逃离 允许她避免被老板或同事 打扰。她返回工作岗位时感到 精力充沛,准备好迎接下午的工作。同样,安德鲁·马佐莱尼利用午餐时间进行自我反思。他反思自己的一天过得怎样,并为本周剩余时间做计划。这些独处的 时刻对于心理 健康 很有价值。
Passage C
选择独自吃饭的自由是一种现代的奢侈。在过去,人们可能会因为独自用餐而感到尴尬。然而,今天这已被广泛接受,甚至受到鼓励。技术 促进了这种变化。有了智能手机,人们可以在独自用餐的同时保持 联系。正如劳里·德梅里特指出的那样,“它不像在技术 进步之前那样感觉孤独了。”独自吃饭不再是羞耻的来源,而是在我们忙碌的生活中提供 自由和灵活性的一种选择。
板块八 汉译英答案
counter
e-book
wait
salad
American
alone
report
percent
meal
breakfast
dinnertime
statistic
prefer
downtown
coworker
desk
escape
allow
tap
shoulder
return
energized
videographer
check
chat
interaction
reflect
self-reflection
recharge
awkward
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