做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 15（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语学习任务单聚焦高考说明文阅读高频词汇及阅读技能，以“真题再现—核心词汇—词形变换—应用训练—语篇翻译”为架构，将30个核心词汇按“基础认知—词形拓展—语境应用”分层梳理，通过任务驱动引导学生自主完成选词填空、单词默写等练习，构建词汇与阅读的关联网络。 亮点在于“诊断-巩固-提升”三阶设计，如选词填空分组检测词汇应用，单词填空A/B部分分别训练语法变形与首字母拼写，培养语言能力与学习能力。真题解析结合语篇翻译，助力学生自主诊断阅读短板，教师可依据学情数据实施分层指导，有效提升复习效率。

高考高频单词 DAY 15（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）] Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 turn /tɜːn/ 翻转；翻（土） pull /pʊl/ 拔；拉 harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ 收获；收割 tough /tʌf/ 艰苦的；棘手的 start /stɑːt/ 创办；开始 Urban Sprouts 城市萌芽（项目名称） program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ 项目；计划 low-income /ˌləʊ ˈɪnkʌm/ 低收入的 aim /eɪm/ 旨在；目标 develop /dɪˈveləp/ 发展；培养 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ 环境的 awareness /əˈweənəs/ 意识 healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的 neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ 社区；邻近地区 fast food restaurant 快餐店 outnumber /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə/ 数量上超过 grocery store 杂货店 literally /ˈlɪtərəli/ 确实地；字面上地 vegetable /ˈvedʒtəbəl/ 蔬菜 awful /ˈɔːfəl/ 可怕的；极坏的 initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ 最初地 turn off 使反感；使失去兴趣 eager /ˈiːɡə/ 渴望的；热切的 hands-on /ˌhændz ˈɒn/ 亲身实践的 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 实验 evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ 评估 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处 nutrition /njuːˈtrɪʃən/ 营养 calming /ˈkɑːmɪŋ/ 使人平静的 initiator /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtə/ 发起者 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. turn /tɜːn/ 翻转 — turning /ˈtɜːnɪŋ/ 翻转 — turnover /ˈtɜːnəʊvə/ 营业额 — return /rɪˈtɜːn/ 返回 — upturn /ʌpˈtɜːn/ 好转 2. harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ 收获 — harvester /ˈhɑːvɪstə/ 收割机 — harvesting /ˈhɑːvɪstɪŋ/ 收获过程 — harvestable /ˈhɑːvɪstəbəl/ 可收获的 — overharvest /ˌəʊvəˈhɑːvɪst/ 过度收割 3. tough /tʌf/ 艰苦的 — toughness /ˈtʌfnəs/ 坚韧 — toughen /ˈtʌfən/ 使坚韧 — toughly /ˈtʌfli/ 坚韧地 — tough-minded /ˌtʌf ˈmaɪndɪd/ 意志坚强的 4. develop /dɪˈveləp/ 发展 — development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ 发展 — developing /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/ 发展中的 — developed /dɪˈveləpt/ 发达的 — underdeveloped /ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt/ 欠发达的 5. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ 环境 — environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ 环境的 — environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ 环境上地 — environmentalist /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ 环保主义者 — environmentalism /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪzəm/ 环境保护主义 6. aware /əˈweə/ 意识到的 — awareness /əˈweənəs/ 意识 — unaware /ˌʌnəˈweə/ 未意识到的 — consciously /ˈkɒnʃəsli/ 有意识地 — subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs/ 潜意识的 7. healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的 — health /helθ/ 健康 — healthily /ˈhelθɪli/ 健康地 — unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ 不健康的 — healthful /ˈhelθfəl/ 有益健康的 8. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ 评估 — evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ 评估 — evaluative /ɪˈvæljueɪtɪv/ 评估性的 — evaluator /ɪˈvæljueɪtə/ 评估者 — reevaluate /ˌriːɪˈvæljueɪt/ 重新评估 9. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处 — beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl/ 有益的 — beneficially /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəli/ 有益地 — beneficiary /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri/ 受益人 — benefactor /ˈbenɪfæktə/ 捐助者 10. nutrition /njuːˈtrɪʃən/ 营养 — nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃənəl/ 营养的 — nutritious /njuːˈtrɪʃəs/ 有营养的 — nutritionist /njuːˈtrɪʃənɪst/ 营养学家 — malnourished /ˌmælˈnʌrɪʃt/ 营养不良的 11. calm /kɑːm/ 平静的 — calming /ˈkɑːmɪŋ/ 使人平静的 — calmly /ˈkɑːmli/ 平静地 — calmness /ˈkɑːmnəs/ 平静 — uncalm /ʌnˈkɑːm/ 不平静的 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） tough, start, aim, develop, environmental, awareness, healthy, neighborhood, outnumber, grocery 12. __________ a school garden program requires significant planning and dedication from teachers. 13. The program __________s to help students build science skills and __________ a deeper connection with nature. 14. Students from low-income __________s often lack access to __________ food options. 15. In many areas, fast food restaurants __________ __________ stores, making fresh produce less accessible. 16. __________ education is a key component of the program, helping students understand the importance of protecting nature. 17. The program raises __________ about where food comes from and how it affects our bodies. 18. Some students initially find gardening __________, but most grow to enjoy it over time. 19. A __________ lifestyle includes both physical activity and nutritious eating habits. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） literally, evaluation, initially, eager, hands-on, evaluation, benefit, nutrition, calming, initiator 20. __________, many students were scared of insects and turned off by the dirt. 21. Abby Jaramillo, the __________ of Urban Sprouts, has seen remarkable changes in her students. 22. The __________ of the program showed that children were eating more vegetables. 23. Students who __________ participate in the program become __________ to try new things. 24. Working in the garden has a __________ effect on students with emotional control issues. 25. The __________s of the program extend far beyond improved __________. 26. The __________, handson activities help students learn about science in a practical way. 27. Some students __________ bring seeds home to start their own vegetable gardens. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 28. When students first join the program, some of them __________ (initial) find the garden work challenging and unpleasant. 29. Abby Jaramillo, who __________ (start) Urban Sprouts with a colleague, has seen her students develop a love for gardening. 30. The program was __________ (specific) designed to serve students from lowincome neighborhoods. 31. It was not until they tasted the vegetables they __________ (grow) themselves that many students changed their attitudes. 32. By __________ (participate) in the garden program, students learn valuable skills that extend beyond the classroom. 33. __________ (work) in the garden has a calming effect on students who struggle with emotional control. 34. The project __________ (evaluate) by an independent team to measure its impact on students’ eating habits. 35. Jaramillo believes that gardening is one of the most __________ (benefit) activities for young people. 36. Once considered __________ (taste) and unappealing, vegetables have become a favorite among many students. 37. The __________ (excite) students showed when they harvested their first crop was truly inspiring. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 38. The school g__________ program, Urban Sprouts, was started at four lowincome schools in the area. 39. Many students from lowincome n__________ have limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. 40. Some children initially found the garden work t__________, but most grew to enjoy it. 41. The program aims to help students d__________ science skills and environmental awareness. 42. Students were asked to h__________ the cabbage and other vegetables they had planted. 43. Parents reported that their children were e__________ more vegetables at home after joining the program. 44. The program’s e__________ showed that students’ eating habits had improved significantly. 45. For students with emotional control i__________, working in the garden had a calming effect. 46. The students were e__________ to try new vegetables they had never eaten before. 47. The benefits of the program go well beyond n__________ and include emotional wellbeing. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Urban Sprouts is a school garden program started by two teachers at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Many students in these schools live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are scarce. Initially, some students are scared of insects and turned off by the dirt, but most quickly become eager to participate. The program includes hands-on experiments like soil testing and flower dissection, as well as work in the garden. Passage B The benefits of Urban Sprouts extend beyond nutrition. Students who participate in the program eat more vegetables and often influence their families to eat healthier too. Some students become so interested in gardening that they start their own vegetable gardens at home. For students with emotional control issues, working in the garden has a calming effect. It helps them feel successful and connected to nature. The program demonstrates that school gardens can have a far-reaching impact on students' lives. Passage C School gardens are more than just places to grow food. They are outdoor classrooms where students can learn about science, nutrition, and teamwork. Hands-on activities like planting and harvesting help students understand where food comes from and develop a respect for nature. For many urban students who have limited contact with the natural world, these gardens provide a valuable opportunity to connect with the environment. The success of programs like Urban Sprouts shows that investing in school gardens is a wise decision that benefits both students and their communities. 板块七：参考译文 翻土、拔草和收割卷心菜对于初中生和高中生来说听起来像是艰苦的工作。艾比·哈拉米略说，起初确实如此，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校创办了一个名为“城市萌芽”的学校园艺项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。 哈拉米略的学生们所在的社区很难找到新鲜食物和绿色空间，快餐店的数量超过了杂货店。“孩子们确实带着一袋袋零食和大瓶软饮料来上学，”她说。“他们来到我们这里时，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫很可怕。”虽然有些学生最初害怕昆虫，对泥土感到反感，但大多数人都渴望尝试新事物。 “城市萌芽”的课程设在两所初中和两所高中，包括动手实验，如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、新鲜或干燥农产品的品尝以及园艺工作。学生们每年几次用自己种植的蔬菜烹饪，偶尔为全校制作沙拉。 项目评估显示，作为课程的结果，孩子们吃了更多的蔬菜。“有学生说他们回家后和父母谈了谈，现在他们吃得不一样了，”哈拉米略说。 她补充说，该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺产生了浓厚的兴趣，他们把种子带回家，开始自己种植蔬菜园。此外，在花园里劳作似乎对哈拉米略的特殊教育学生有平静的效果，他们中有许多人有情绪控制问题。“他们到了户外，”她说，“他们感到成功。” 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 翻转；翻（土） __________ 拔；拉 __________ 收获；收割 __________ 艰苦的；棘手的 __________ 创办；开始 __________ 城市萌芽（项目名称） __________ 项目；计划 __________ 低收入的 __________ 旨在；目标 __________ 发展；培养 __________ 环境的 __________ 意识 __________ 健康的 __________ 社区；邻近地区 __________ 快餐店 __________ 数量上超过 __________ 杂货店 __________ 确实地；字面上地 __________ 蔬菜 __________ 可怕的；极坏的 __________ 最初地 __________ 使反感；使失去兴趣 __________ 渴望的；热切的 __________ 亲身实践的 __________ 实验 __________ 评估 __________ 益处 __________ 营养 __________ 使人平静的 __________ 发起者 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 24．D 25．C 26．A 27. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校园艺项目Urban Sprouts的发起目的和给学生带来的积极影响。 【详解】 24.D 事实细节题 根据第一段中的第二句 And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. 可知，Abby Jaramillo和另一位老师共同发起了学校园艺项目Urban Sprouts。选项D中initiator意为"发起人，创始人"。 25.C 事实细节题 根据第二段中的第三句 They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful. 可知，在项目之初，Jaramillo的一些学生觉得蔬菜、泥土和昆虫都很可怕，并不喜欢园艺工作。 26.A 推理判断题 根据最后一段中的第一句 She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. 以及第三句 Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 可推知，学校园艺项目Urban Sprouts不仅为学生们提供了营养价值，还让更多的学生对园艺产生兴趣，同时也帮助了那些有情绪调节障碍的学生。 27.C 主旨大意题 文章先是介绍Jaramillo等两位老师发起的学校园艺项目Urban Sprouts及其目的，然后介绍了由最初一些学生不喜欢和排斥到后来越来越多的学生爱上蔬菜种植，并开始种植自己的菜园。因此，C选项Growing Vegetable Lovers最符合文意，作为本文标题最佳。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A Starting aims, develop neighborhoods, healthy outnumber, grocery Environmental awareness tough healthy Group B Initially initiator evaluation actively, eager calming benefits, nutrition handson literally 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 initially started specifically had grown participating Working was evaluated beneficial tasteless excitement B. 首字母单词拼写 garden neighborhoods tough develop harvest eating evaluation issues eager nutrition 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 城市萌芽是由两位教师在四所低收入学校创办的学校园艺项目。该项目 旨在帮助学生发展 科学技能、环境 意识和健康的生活方式。这些学校的许多学生所在的社区 新鲜食物和绿色 空间 稀缺。最初，一些学生害怕 昆虫，对泥土 感到反感，但大多数很快变得渴望 参与。该项目 包括 亲身实践的 实验，如土壤 测试和花卉 解剖，以及园艺工作。 Passage B 城市萌芽的益处 超越了 营养。参与该项目的学生吃更多蔬菜，并经常影响他们的家庭也吃得更健康。一些学生对园艺如此感兴趣，以至于他们在家开始自己的蔬菜 花园。对于有情绪 控制 问题的学生，在花园里劳作有平静的效果。它帮助他们感到成功并与自然 相连。该项目 证明了学校花园可以对学生的生活产生深远的影响。 Passage C 学校花园不仅仅是种植食物的地方。它们是户外 教室，学生可以在此学习 科学、营养和团队合作。像种植和收割这样的亲身实践活动帮助学生理解食物的来源，并培养对自然的尊重。对于许多与自然世界接触 有限的城市学生来说，这些花园提供了一个宝贵的机会与环境 联系。像城市萌芽这样的项目的成功 表明，投资学校花园是一个明智的决定，既有益于学生，也有益于他们的社区。 板块八 汉译英答案 turn pull harvest tough start Urban Sprouts program low-income aim develop environmental awareness healthy neighborhood fast food restaurant outnumber grocery store literally vegetable awful initially turn off eager hands-on experiment evaluation benefit nutrition calming initiator $