做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 15（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考高频单词 DAY 15（说明文阅读）

板块一：真题再现

[（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）]

Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.

Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.

Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.

Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.

She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”

24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?

A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.

C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.

25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?

A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.

C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.

26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?

A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.

C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.

27. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life

C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape

板块二：核心词汇（30个）

turn /tɜːn/ 翻转；翻（土）

pull /pʊl/ 拔；拉

harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ 收获；收割

tough /tʌf/ 艰苦的；棘手的

start /stɑːt/ 创办；开始

Urban Sprouts 城市萌芽（项目名称）

program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ 项目；计划

low-income /ˌləʊ ˈɪnkʌm/ 低收入的

aim /eɪm/ 旨在；目标

develop /dɪˈveləp/ 发展；培养

environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ 环境的

awareness /əˈweənəs/ 意识

healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的

neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ 社区；邻近地区

fast food restaurant 快餐店

outnumber /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə/ 数量上超过

grocery store 杂货店

literally /ˈlɪtərəli/ 确实地；字面上地

vegetable /ˈvedʒtəbəl/ 蔬菜

awful /ˈɔːfəl/ 可怕的；极坏的

initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ 最初地

turn off 使反感；使失去兴趣

eager /ˈiːɡə/ 渴望的；热切的

hands-on /ˌhændz ˈɒn/ 亲身实践的

experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 实验

evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ 评估

benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处

nutrition /njuːˈtrɪʃən/ 营养

calming /ˈkɑːmɪŋ/ 使人平静的

initiator /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtə/ 发起者

 

板块三：词形变换（供背诵）

1. turn /tɜːn/ 翻转 — turning /ˈtɜːnɪŋ/ 翻转 — turnover /ˈtɜːnəʊvə/ 营业额 — return /rɪˈtɜːn/ 返回 — upturn /ʌpˈtɜːn/ 好转
2. harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ 收获 — harvester /ˈhɑːvɪstə/ 收割机 — harvesting /ˈhɑːvɪstɪŋ/ 收获过程 — harvestable /ˈhɑːvɪstəbəl/ 可收获的 — overharvest /ˌəʊvəˈhɑːvɪst/ 过度收割
3. tough /tʌf/ 艰苦的 — toughness /ˈtʌfnəs/ 坚韧 — toughen /ˈtʌfən/ 使坚韧 — toughly /ˈtʌfli/ 坚韧地 — tough-minded /ˌtʌf ˈmaɪndɪd/ 意志坚强的
4. develop /dɪˈveləp/ 发展 — development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ 发展 — developing /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/ 发展中的 — developed /dɪˈveləpt/ 发达的 — underdeveloped /ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt/ 欠发达的
5. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ 环境 — environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ 环境的 — environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ 环境上地 — environmentalist /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ 环保主义者 — environmentalism /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪzəm/ 环境保护主义

6. aware /əˈweə/ 意识到的 — awareness /əˈweənəs/ 意识 — unaware /ˌʌnəˈweə/ 未意识到的 — consciously /ˈkɒnʃəsli/ 有意识地 — subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs/ 潜意识的
7. healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的 — health /helθ/ 健康 — healthily /ˈhelθɪli/ 健康地 — unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ 不健康的 — healthful /ˈhelθfəl/ 有益健康的
8. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ 评估 — evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ 评估 — evaluative /ɪˈvæljueɪtɪv/ 评估性的 — evaluator /ɪˈvæljueɪtə/ 评估者 — reevaluate /ˌriːɪˈvæljueɪt/ 重新评估
9. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处 — beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl/ 有益的 — beneficially /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəli/ 有益地 — beneficiary /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri/ 受益人 — benefactor /ˈbenɪfæktə/ 捐助者
10. nutrition /njuːˈtrɪʃən/ 营养 — nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃənəl/ 营养的 — nutritious /njuːˈtrɪʃəs/ 有营养的 — nutritionist /njuːˈtrɪʃənɪst/ 营养学家 — malnourished /ˌmælˈnʌrɪʃt/ 营养不良的
11. calm /kɑːm/ 平静的 — calming /ˈkɑːmɪŋ/ 使人平静的 — calmly /ˈkɑːmli/ 平静地 — calmness /ˈkɑːmnəs/ 平静 — uncalm /ʌnˈkɑːm/ 不平静的

板块四：选词填空

Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次）

tough, start, aim, develop, environmental, awareness, healthy, neighborhood, outnumber, grocery

12. __________ a school garden program requires significant planning and dedication from teachers.
13. The program __________s to help students build science skills and __________ a deeper connection with nature.
14. Students from low-income __________s often lack access to __________ food options.
15. In many areas, fast food restaurants __________ __________ stores, making fresh produce less accessible.
16. __________ education is a key component of the program, helping students understand the importance of protecting nature.
17. The program raises __________ about where food comes from and how it affects our bodies.
18. Some students initially find gardening __________, but most grow to enjoy it over time.
19. A __________ lifestyle includes both physical activity and nutritious eating habits.

Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次）

literally, evaluation, initially, eager, hands-on, evaluation, benefit, nutrition, calming, initiator

20. __________, many students were scared of insects and turned off by the dirt.
21. Abby Jaramillo, the __________ of Urban Sprouts, has seen remarkable changes in her students.
22. The __________ of the program showed that children were eating more vegetables.
23. Students who __________ participate in the program become __________ to try new things.
24. Working in the garden has a __________ effect on students with emotional control issues.
25. The __________s of the program extend far beyond improved __________.
26. The __________, hands‑on activities help students learn about science in a practical way.
27. Some students __________ bring seeds home to start their own vegetable gardens.

板块五：单词填空

板块八：单词默写（汉译英）

 

翻转；翻（土） __________

拔；拉 __________

收获；收割 __________

艰苦的；棘手的 __________

创办；开始 __________

城市萌芽（项目名称） __________

项目；计划 __________

低收入的 __________

旨在；目标 __________

发展；培养 __________

环境的 __________

意识 __________

健康的 __________

社区；邻近地区 __________

快餐店 __________

数量上超过 __________

杂货店 __________

确实地；字面上地 __________

蔬菜 __________

可怕的；极坏的 __________

最初地 __________

使反感；使失去兴趣 __________

渴望的；热切的 __________

亲身实践的 __________

实验 __________

评估 __________

益处 __________

营养 __________

使人平静的 __________

发起者 __________