做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 20（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语学习任务单聚焦说明文阅读高频词汇及相关考点，以真题再现为基础，通过核心词汇、词形变换、选词填空等板块构建“词汇积累-语境应用-阅读提升”的知识网络，引导学生结合真题语境自主梳理词汇用法及阅读解题规律，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于“诊断-应用-巩固”的自主学习设计，如真题再现环节设置阅读题作为自测诊断，词形变换和单词默写任务支持个性化词汇巩固，语篇翻译活动提升语言能力。培养学生学习能力和思维品质，教师可通过学生任务完成情况掌握学情，精准指导，助力因材施教。

高考高频单词 DAY 20（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）] When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 29. What does the underlined word "decimate" in the first paragraph mean? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 31. Which of the following a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story. B. The National Wildlife Refuge System. C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl. D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə/ 探险家 foot /fʊt/ 脚 continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ 大陆 alive /əˈlaɪv/ 充满生机的 astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ 令人惊讶的 wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ 野生动物 precious /ˈpreʃəs/ 珍贵的 natural resource 自然资源 unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ 不幸地 settler /ˈsetlə/ 定居者 follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ 跟随 decade /ˈdekeɪd/ 十年 decimate /ˈdesɪmeɪt/ 摧毁；大量毁灭 waterfowl /ˈwɔːtəfaʊl/ 水禽 market hunter 市场猎人 handful /ˈhændfəl/ 少数 ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ 有雄心的 sportsman /ˈspɔːtsmən/ 运动员；打猎的人 acre /ˈeɪkə/ 英亩 wetland /ˈwetlənd/ 湿地 passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ 通过；（法案的）通过 destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/ 破坏 migratory /maɪˈɡreɪtəri/ 迁徙的 survival /səˈvaɪvəl/ 生存 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃɪs/ 购买 appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ 任命 conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/ 保护 refuge /ˈrefjuːdʒ/ 庇护所 billion /ˈbɪljən/ 十亿 initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ 开始；发起 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ 探索 — explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə/ 探险家 — exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃən/ 探索 — exploratory /ɪkˈsplɒrətəri/ 探索性的 — unexplored /ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔːd/ 未探索的 2. alive /əˈlaɪv/ 活着的 — live /lɪv/ 居住；生活 — lively /ˈlaɪvli/ 活泼的 — livelihood /ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/ 生计 — liveliness /ˈlaɪvlinəs/ 活泼 3. astonish /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ 使惊讶 — astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ 令人惊讶的 — astonishment /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ 惊讶 — astonished /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ 惊讶的 — astonishingly /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋli/ 令人惊讶地 4. settle /ˈsetl/ 定居 — settler /ˈsetlə/ 定居者 — settlement /ˈsetlmənt/ 定居点 — settled /ˈsetld/ 稳定的 — unsettled /ʌnˈsetld/ 不稳定的 5. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ 破坏 — destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/ 破坏 — destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ 破坏性的 — destructively /dɪˈstrʌktɪvli/ 破坏性地 — indestructible /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbəl/ 不可摧毁的 6. migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ 迁徙 — migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ 迁徙 — migratory /maɪˈɡreɪtəri/ 迁徙的 — migrant /ˈmaɪɡrənt/ 移民；候鸟 — immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/ 移民 7. survive /səˈvaɪv/ 幸存 — survival /səˈvaɪvəl/ 生存 — survivor /səˈvaɪvə/ 幸存者 — survivable /səˈvaɪvəbəl/ 可存活的 — nonsurvival /ˌnɒnsəˈvaɪvəl/ 不存活 8. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃɪs/ 购买 — purchaser /ˈpɜːtʃɪsə/ 购买者 — purchasable /ˈpɜːtʃɪsəbəl/ 可购买的 — repurchase /riːˈpɜːtʃɪs/ 重新购买 — purchase price 购买价格 9. appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ 任命 — appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ 任命；约会 — appointee /əˌpɔɪnˈtiː/ 被任命者 — appointer /əˈpɔɪntə/ 任命者 — reappoint /ˌriːəˈpɔɪnt/ 重新任命 10. conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ 保护 — conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/ 保护 — conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ 保守的 — conservational /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənəl/ 保护的 — conservationist /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/ 环保主义者 11. initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ 开始 — initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən/ 开始 — initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ 倡议 — initiator /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtə/ 发起者 — initiatory /ɪˈnɪʃiətəri/ 开始的 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：wildlife, precious, natural resource, unfortunately, settler, follow, decade, decimate, waterfowl, market hunter 1. When European __________s first arrived in North America, they __________ed the arrival of Native Americans who had long protected the land. 2. The continent was once home to an astonishing variety of __________, including millions of __________. 3. __________, within just a few __________s, much of this natural wealth had been __________ed. 4. __________s killed countless birds for profit, while other sportsmen hunted for pleasure. 5. Native Americans had wisely protected these __________ __________s for generations. 6. The __________ of North America provided abundant food and materials for early inhabitants. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：passage, destruction, migratory, survival, purchase, appoint, conservation, refuge, billion, initiate 7. The __________ of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act in 1934 marked a turning point in wildlife protection. 8. The act was __________ed to stop the __________ of wetlands and waterfowl. 9. Hunters must __________ a Federal Duck Stamp annually to hunt __________ birds. 10. The funds collected go toward protecting __________ habitats essential for bird __________. 11. President Roosevelt __________ed J.N. Darling to design the first Federal Duck Stamp. 12. Over half a __________ dollars have been raised for wildlife __________ efforts through this program. 13. The National Wildlife __________ System now protects millions of acres of land. 14. The __________ of migratory waterfowl depends on the preservation of their breeding grounds. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 15. Native Americans __________ (wise) protected the continent's natural resources for generations. 16. Unfortunately, it took the explorers only a few decades __________ (decimate) a large part of these resources. 17. The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act __________ (pass) in 1934 to protect waterfowl. 18. Millions of acres of wetlands __________ (dry) to accommodate the growing population. 19. __________ (hunt) are required to carry a Federal Duck Stamp when hunting waterfowl. 20. Since its creation, the program __________ (raise) over half a billion dollars. 21. About 98 cents of every dollar __________ (go) directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund. 22. The Fund is used for __________ (purchase) wetlands and wildlife habitat. 23. The National Wildlife Refuge System ensures that these lands __________ (protect) for future generations. 24. __________ (initial) designed by J.N. Darling, the duck stamp has become a collector's item. 25. The Federal Duck Stamp Program __________ (call) one of the most successful conservation initiatives ever launched. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 26. When European e__________ first arrived in North America, they found an astonishing variety of wildlife. 27. U__________, it took only a few decades to destroy a large part of these precious natural resources. 28. Millions of waterfowl were killed by market h__________ and ambitious sportsmen. 29. The p__________ of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act in 1934 helped protect wildlife. 30. The act was designed to stop the d__________ of migratory waterfowl and their habitats. 31. Hunters must p__________ a Federal Duck Stamp annually to hunt legally. 32. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes into the Migratory Bird C__________ Fund. 33. The National Wildlife R__________ System protects millions of acres of habitat. 34. The program has been called one of the most successful c__________ programs ever initiated. 35. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has b__________ so effective over the decades. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A When European explorers first arrived in North America, the continent was alive with wildlife. Native Americans had protected these precious natural resources for thousands of years. Unfortunately, within a few decades, the settlers had decimated much of the wildlife. Millions of waterfowl were killed by market hunters, and millions of acres of wetlands were destroyed to make way for agriculture and settlements. This destruction threatened the survival of many migratory species. Passage B In 1934, the U.S. government passed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act in response to growing concerns about wildlife loss. The Act required all waterfowl hunters over 16 to purchase a Federal Duck Stamp each year. The revenue from stamp sales was directed into a fund for purchasing wetlands and wildlife habitat. These protected areas were added to the National Wildlife Refuge System. The program has been highly successful, ensuring the protection of millions of acres of habitat for future generations. Passage C The Federal Duck Stamp Program is considered one of the most effective conservation initiatives in history. Over 90 percent of the money collected from stamp sales goes directly to protecting wetlands and wildlife habitat. This funding has enabled the purchase of over five million acres of land. The program demonstrates how government action, combined with public participation, can address environmental challenges. It serves as a model for conservation efforts around the world, showing that small contributions from individuals can add up to significant protection for nature. 板块七：参考译文 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了种类惊人的野生动物。美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年后，探险家和随后的定居者就摧毁了这些资源的一大部分。数百万只水禽被市场猎人和少数雄心勃勃的狩猎者杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干以供养不断增长的人口并为其提供住所，大大减少了水禽的栖息地。 1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法》的通过，一个日益关切的国家采取了果断行动，制止了对迁徙水禽及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。根据该法案，所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票。第一张联邦鸭票是由来自爱荷华州得梅因的政治漫画家J.N.“丁”·达林设计的，当时他被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。狩猎者心甘情愿地支付印花税价格以确保我们的自然资源的生存。 每张鸭票的大约98%直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，以纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将得到保护并为子孙后代所享用。自1934年以来，超过5亿美元进入了该基金，购买了500多万英亩的栖息地。难怪联邦鸭票项目被称为有史以来最成功的保护项目之一。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 探险家 __________ 脚 __________ 大陆 __________ 充满生机的 __________ 令人惊讶的 __________ 野生动物 __________ 珍贵的 __________ 自然资源 __________ 不幸地 __________ 定居者 __________ 跟随 __________ 十年 __________ 摧毁；大量毁灭 __________ 水禽 __________ 市场猎人 __________ 少数 __________ 有雄心的 __________ 打猎的人 __________ 英亩 __________ 湿地 __________ 通过；（法案的）通过 __________ 破坏 __________ 迁徙的 __________ 生存 __________ 购买 __________ 任命 __________ 保护 __________ 庇护所 __________ 十亿 __________ 开始；发起 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 28．A 29．C 30．D 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国为了保护"水禽"而颁布的一项政策，即狩猎者要购买相关的水禽类邮票。政府把售卖所得拨给保护这些水禽的基金。 【详解】 28.A 细节理解题。根据该段中 "Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat."（数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活不断增加的人口，供其居住，这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。）可知，造成北美水禽数量急剧减少的原因之一是它们栖息地的减少。故A项正确。 29.C 词义猜测题。文章前两句 "When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely."（当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天上和大地上有许多各种各样的野生动物。美洲土著人很聪明地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。）下一句中的unfortunately表示转折意义，由此推断，画线单词所在句 "Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources."（不幸的是，仅仅几十年后，探险家和定居者就毁灭了大部分资源。）也就是说，画线单词decimate意思是"破坏；毁灭（destroy）"。首段最后两句 "Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat." 进一步说明了"探险家和定居者对这里资源的破坏"。故选C。 30.D 推理判断题。由题干中的关键词"the Act passed in 1934"定位到文章第三段。根据该段中 "About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System－a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat."（每枚鸭子邮票上的98美分将直接投入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，以便纳入国家野生动物保护系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并为子孙后代提供可用资源。自1934年以来，超过5亿美元流入该基金购买了超过500万英亩的栖息地。）可知，这项法案的通过使得政府筹集到了大量资金，用以保护水禽和它们的栖息地。故选D。 31.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是美国鸭票的故事（The Federal Duck Stamp Story），全文都是围绕着这个主旨展开的。首段介绍了美国鸭票发行的背景，第二段介绍了美国鸭票发行的经过，第三段讲述了美国鸭票发行带来的种种好处。最后一句 "Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated." 更是点明主题。由此可知，选项A最能概括全文主旨。故选A。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A settlers, followed wildlife, waterfowl Unfortunately, decades, decimated Market hunters precious natural resources settlement Group B passage initiated, destruction purchase, migratory wetland, survival appointed billion, conservation Refuge survival 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 wisely to decimate was passed were dried Hunters has raised goes purchasing will be protected Initially has been called B. 首字母单词拼写 explorers Unfortunately hunters passage destruction purchase Conservation Refuge conservation been 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 当欧洲探险家首次抵达北美时，这片大陆充满了野生动物。美洲原住民数千年来一直保护着这些宝贵的 自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年后，定居者就摧毁了大部分野生动物。数百万只水禽被市场猎人 杀死，数百万英亩 湿地被摧毁，为农业和定居点让路。这种破坏 威胁着许多迁徙 物种的生存。 Passage B 1934年，美国政府通过了《候鸟狩猎印花税法》以回应对野生动物 损失日益增长的关切。该法案要求所有年满16岁的水禽 狩猎者每年购买一张联邦鸭票。来自印花税 销售的收入被引导到一个基金中，用于购买 湿地和野生动物 栖息地。这些受保护的 区域被纳入 国家野生动物保护区系统。该项目 非常 成功，确保了数百万英亩 栖息地得到保护，为未来世代所享用。 Passage C 联邦鸭票项目被认为是历史上最有效的保护 倡议之一。印花税 销售 收集的资金中超过90 百分比 直接用于保护 湿地和野生动物 栖息地。这笔资金 使得 购买超过500万英亩 土地成为可能。该项目 展示了政府 行动如何与 公众 参与 相结合，以应对 环境 挑战。它是世界各地保护 努力的典范，表明 个人的小额 贡献可以累积起来，为自然提供重要的 保护。 板块八 汉译英答案 explorer foot continent alive astonishing wildlife precious natural resource unfortunately settler follow decade decimate waterfowl market hunter handful ambitious sportsman acre wetland passage destruction migratory survival purchase appoint conservation refuge billion initiate $