做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 19（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考高频单词 DAY 19（说明文阅读）

板块一：真题再现

[（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）]

As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.

"Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.

Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise — balance training and weight training — three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.

"We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.

"The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all."

Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.

32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?

A. The right way of exercising.

B. The causes of a heart attack.

C. The difficulty of keeping fit.

D. The aging process of the heart.

33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?

A. Diet plan.

B. Professional background.

C. Exercise type.

D. Previous physical condition.

34. What does Levine's research find?

A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.

B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.

C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.

D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.

35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?

A. Making use of the findings.

B. Interviewing the study participants.

C. Conducting further research.

D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.

板块二：核心词汇（30个）

age /eɪdʒ/ 变老；老化

healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的

efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ 高效的

process /ˈprəʊses/ 处理

oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ 氧气

exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ 锻炼

flexible /ˈfleksəbəl/ 灵活的；柔韧的

broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ 破碎的；断裂的

specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ 专家

happen /ˈhæpən/ 发生

midlife /ˌmɪdˈlaɪf/ 中年

enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ 热心的；热情的

exerciser /ˈeksəsaɪzə/ 锻炼者

in shape 健康状况良好

improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善；提高

aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/ 老化的

select /sɪˈlekt/ 选择

volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ 志愿者

randomly /ˈrændəmli/ 随机地

divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ 划分

participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ 参与

nonaerobic /ˌnɒneəˈrəʊbɪk/ 无氧的

high-intensity /ˌhaɪ ɪnˈtensəti/ 高强度的

aerobic exercise 有氧运动

guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ 指导

trainer /ˈtreɪnə/ 教练

remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbəl/ 显著的

pump /pʌmp/ 泵送；抽送

intense /ɪnˈtens/ 剧烈的；强烈的

flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ 柔韧性；灵活性

 

板块三：词形变换（供背诵）

1. age /eɪdʒ/ 变老 — aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/ 老化的 — aged /eɪdʒd/ 年老的 — ageless /ˈeɪdʒləs/ 不老的 — middle-aged /ˌmɪdl ˈeɪdʒd/ 中年的

2. health /helθ/ 健康 — healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的 — healthily /ˈhelθɪli/ 健康地 — unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ 不健康的 — healthful /ˈhelθfəl/ 有益健康的
3. efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ 高效的 — efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 效率 — efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/ 高效地 — inefficient /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/ 低效的 — inefficiency /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 低效率
4. process /ˈprəʊses/ 处理 — procession /prəˈseʃən/ 行列 — processor /ˈprəʊsesə/ 处理器 — processed /ˈprəʊsest/ 经过加工的 — reprocess /riːˈprəʊses/ 再加工
5. flexible /ˈfleksəbəl/ 灵活的 — flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ 灵活性 — flexibly /ˈfleksəbli/ 灵活地 — inflexible /ɪnˈfleksəbəl/ 不灵活的 — inflexibility /ɪnˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ 不灵活性
6. select /sɪˈlekt/ 选择 — selection /sɪˈlekʃən/ 选择 — selective /sɪˈlektɪv/ 选择性的 — selectively /sɪˈlektɪvli/ 选择性地 — selector /sɪˈlektə/ 选择器
7. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ 参与 — participation /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ 参与 — participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ 参与者 — participatory /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪtəri/ 参与的 — nonparticipation /ˌnɒnpɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ 不参与
8. intense /ɪnˈtens/ 剧烈的 — intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/ 强度 — intensively /ɪnˈtensɪvli/ 密集地 — intensive /ɪnˈtensɪv/ 密集的 — intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ 加强
9. guide /ɡaɪd/ 指导 — guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ 指导 — guidebook /ˈɡaɪdbʊk/ 指南 — misguided /ˌmɪsˈɡaɪdɪd/ 被误导的 — unguided /ʌnˈɡaɪdɪd/ 无指导的
10. remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbəl/ 显著的 — remarkably /rɪˈmɑːkəbli/ 显著地 — remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ 评论 — unremarkable /ˌʌnrɪˈmɑːkəbəl/ 平凡的 — remarked /rɪˈmɑːkt/ 被评论的
11. pump /pʌmp/ 泵送 — pumper /ˈpʌmpə/ 泵 — pumping /ˈpʌmpɪŋ/ 泵送 — pumped /pʌmpt/ 泵送的 — pump up 充气；激励

板块四：选词填空

Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次）

可选词汇：age, healthy, efficient, process, oxygen, exercise, flexible, broken, specialist, happen

1. As we __________, even if we remain __________, our heart becomes less __________ at processing oxygen.
2. Regular __________ can help prevent the heart from becoming stiff and __________ like an old rubber band.
3. Dr. Ben Levine, a heart __________ at the University of Texas, explains what __________s to the heart over time.
4. The heart's ability to __________ oxygen decreases naturally with age.
5. Staying physically active helps keep the heart __________ and strong.

Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次）

可选词汇：midlife, enthusiastic, exerciser, improve, aging, select, volunteer, randomly, divide, participate

6. For those in __________ who have not been regular __________s, getting in shape can help __________ heart function.
7. The research team __________ed 45-to-64-year-old __________s who were otherwise healthy.
8. Participants were __________ __________ed into two groups to __________ in different exercise programs.

“如果你还没有开始锻炼，生活中开始锻炼的最佳时机是在中年后期，此时心脏仍然具有灵活性，”莱文说。“我们对健康的70岁老人进行了为期一年的运动训练项目，但他们完全没有变化。”

美国心脏协会发言人妮卡·戈德堡博士说，莱文的发现是一个很好的开始。但这项研究规模较小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。

板块八：单词默写（汉译英）

 

变老；老化 __________

健康的 __________

高效的 __________

处理 __________

氧气 __________

锻炼 __________

灵活的；柔韧的 __________

破碎的；断裂的 __________

专家 __________

发生 __________

中年 __________

热心的；热情的 __________

锻炼者 __________

健康状况良好 __________

改善；提高 __________

老化的 __________

选择 __________

志愿者 __________

随机地 __________

划分 __________

参与 __________

无氧的 __________

高强度的 __________

有氧运动 __________

指导 __________

教练 __________

显著的 __________

泵送；抽送 __________

剧烈的；强烈的 __________

柔韧性；灵活性 __________