做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 19（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦说明文阅读高频词汇，构建“真题情境-核心词汇-词形变换-应用训练”的考点体系，通过选词填空、单词默写等任务驱动，引导学生结合真题语境自主梳理词汇网络，体现考点覆盖的系统性和能力培养的层次性。 亮点在于诊断性自测与语篇应用结合，如单词填空、汉译英默写等工具帮助学生自主诊断词汇掌握情况，语篇翻译活动提升语言能力和学习能力。教师可通过学生错题分析精准指导，助力学生构建个性化词汇体系，有效培养自主复习能力和备考实效。

高考高频单词 DAY 19（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）] As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner. "Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise — balance training and weight training — three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health. "We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says. "The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all." Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. 32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band? A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack. C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart. 33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design? A. Diet plan. B. Professional background. C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition. 34. What does Levine's research find? A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise. B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young. C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise. D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get. 35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest? A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants. C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 age /eɪdʒ/ 变老；老化 healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的 efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ 高效的 process /ˈprəʊses/ 处理 oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ 氧气 exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ 锻炼 flexible /ˈfleksəbəl/ 灵活的；柔韧的 broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ 破碎的；断裂的 specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ 专家 happen /ˈhæpən/ 发生 midlife /ˌmɪdˈlaɪf/ 中年 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ 热心的；热情的 exerciser /ˈeksəsaɪzə/ 锻炼者 in shape 健康状况良好 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善；提高 aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/ 老化的 select /sɪˈlekt/ 选择 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ 志愿者 randomly /ˈrændəmli/ 随机地 divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ 划分 participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ 参与 nonaerobic /ˌnɒneəˈrəʊbɪk/ 无氧的 high-intensity /ˌhaɪ ɪnˈtensəti/ 高强度的 aerobic exercise 有氧运动 guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ 指导 trainer /ˈtreɪnə/ 教练 remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbəl/ 显著的 pump /pʌmp/ 泵送；抽送 intense /ɪnˈtens/ 剧烈的；强烈的 flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ 柔韧性；灵活性 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. age /eɪdʒ/ 变老 — aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/ 老化的 — aged /eɪdʒd/ 年老的 — ageless /ˈeɪdʒləs/ 不老的 — middle-aged /ˌmɪdl ˈeɪdʒd/ 中年的 2. health /helθ/ 健康 — healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的 — healthily /ˈhelθɪli/ 健康地 — unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ 不健康的 — healthful /ˈhelθfəl/ 有益健康的 3. efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ 高效的 — efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 效率 — efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/ 高效地 — inefficient /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/ 低效的 — inefficiency /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 低效率 4. process /ˈprəʊses/ 处理 — procession /prəˈseʃən/ 行列 — processor /ˈprəʊsesə/ 处理器 — processed /ˈprəʊsest/ 经过加工的 — reprocess /riːˈprəʊses/ 再加工 5. flexible /ˈfleksəbəl/ 灵活的 — flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ 灵活性 — flexibly /ˈfleksəbli/ 灵活地 — inflexible /ɪnˈfleksəbəl/ 不灵活的 — inflexibility /ɪnˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ 不灵活性 6. select /sɪˈlekt/ 选择 — selection /sɪˈlekʃən/ 选择 — selective /sɪˈlektɪv/ 选择性的 — selectively /sɪˈlektɪvli/ 选择性地 — selector /sɪˈlektə/ 选择器 7. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ 参与 — participation /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ 参与 — participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ 参与者 — participatory /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪtəri/ 参与的 — nonparticipation /ˌnɒnpɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ 不参与 8. intense /ɪnˈtens/ 剧烈的 — intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/ 强度 — intensively /ɪnˈtensɪvli/ 密集地 — intensive /ɪnˈtensɪv/ 密集的 — intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ 加强 9. guide /ɡaɪd/ 指导 — guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ 指导 — guidebook /ˈɡaɪdbʊk/ 指南 — misguided /ˌmɪsˈɡaɪdɪd/ 被误导的 — unguided /ʌnˈɡaɪdɪd/ 无指导的 10. remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbəl/ 显著的 — remarkably /rɪˈmɑːkəbli/ 显著地 — remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ 评论 — unremarkable /ˌʌnrɪˈmɑːkəbəl/ 平凡的 — remarked /rɪˈmɑːkt/ 被评论的 11. pump /pʌmp/ 泵送 — pumper /ˈpʌmpə/ 泵 — pumping /ˈpʌmpɪŋ/ 泵送 — pumped /pʌmpt/ 泵送的 — pump up 充气；激励 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：age, healthy, efficient, process, oxygen, exercise, flexible, broken, specialist, happen 1. As we __________, even if we remain __________, our heart becomes less __________ at processing oxygen. 2. Regular __________ can help prevent the heart from becoming stiff and __________ like an old rubber band. 3. Dr. Ben Levine, a heart __________ at the University of Texas, explains what __________s to the heart over time. 4. The heart's ability to __________ oxygen decreases naturally with age. 5. Staying physically active helps keep the heart __________ and strong. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空，每个词限用一次） 可选词汇：midlife, enthusiastic, exerciser, improve, aging, select, volunteer, randomly, divide, participate 6. For those in __________ who have not been regular __________s, getting in shape can help __________ heart function. 7. The research team __________ed 45-to-64-year-old __________s who were otherwise healthy. 8. Participants were __________ __________ed into two groups to __________ in different exercise programs. 9. The __________ process of the heart can be slowed down with consistent effort. 10. Scientists carefully __________ed participants based on their age and health status. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 11. Dr. Ben Levine compares the heart to a rubber band that loses its __________ (flexible) if not used regularly. 12. The research team discovered that high-intensity aerobic exercise could __________ (remarkable) improve heart function in middle-aged adults. 13. After two years of training, the hearts of participants in the aerobic group were __________ (strong) and more efficient than those in the nonaerobic group. 14. When the researchers examined the data, they found that the __________ (improve) in heart health was more significant than they had anticipated. 15. The second group, which __________ (participate) in high-intensity aerobic exercise four days a week, showed the most dramatic changes. 16. According to Levine, the __________ (reason) the aerobic group's hearts became stronger was that they could fill better and pump more blood. 17. The __________ (find) of this study have important implications for people who want to maintain heart health in their later years. 18. Dr. Nieca Goldberg __________ (caution) that the study was small and needs to be repeated with larger groups. 19. __________ (note) that intense exercise had no effect on the hearts of healthy 70-year-olds is an important observation. 20. A long-term exercise __________ (train) program can significantly benefit middle-aged hearts. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 21. The heart becomes less efficient at p__________ oxygen as we age, especially in people who do not exercise regularly. 22. Dr. Ben Levine c__________ the aging heart to a rubber band that loses its elasticity over time. 23. A s__________ study on heart health revealed that intense aerobic exercise could reverse some effects of aging. 24. Participants were r__________ divided into two groups to ensure the accuracy of the research findings. 25. After two years, the second group showed r__________ improvements in their cardiovascular health. 26. The hearts of the aerobic group could f__________ better and pump more blood during exercise. 27. The study found that m__________ adults benefit the most from high-intensity aerobic training. 28. According to Levine, the ideal time to start exercising is in late middle age when the heart still has f__________. 29. The research team plans to r__________ the study with a larger group of participants to confirm the results. 30. Dr. Nieca Goldberg e__________ that while the findings are promising, further research is still needed. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A As we age, our heart becomes less efficient at processing oxygen. This process can be accelerated by a sedentary lifestyle. However, research suggests that exercising in midlife can help improve heart function, even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser before. The key is to engage in high-intensity aerobic exercise under professional guidance. This type of exercise has been shown to reverse some of the effects of aging on the heart, making it stronger and more efficient. The findings highlight the importance of staying active at every stage of life. Passage B Levine's research involved volunteers aged 45 to 64 who were randomly divided into two groups. One group did nonaerobic exercises, while the other did high-intensity aerobic exercise. After two years, the aerobic group showed remarkable improvements in heart health. Their hearts could fill more blood and pump it more efficiently during exercise. This suggests that aerobic exercise can turn back the clock on aging hearts. The study also found that less intense exercise did not produce the same benefits. Passage C Dr. Nieca Goldberg praised Levine's findings but cautioned that the study was small and needs to be repeated with a larger sample size. She emphasized the importance of determining which aspects of an exercise routine are most beneficial. The sweet spot for starting to exercise, according to Levine, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility. For those who are older, starting to exercise may not have the same effect. The research underscores the value of early intervention in maintaining heart health. 板块七：参考译文 随着我们年龄的增长，即使我们是健康的，心脏在处理氧气方面也不如以前高效了。在大多数人身上，最初的迹象出现在他们50多岁或60岁出头。而在不锻炼的人身上，这些变化可能更早出现。 “想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥易碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏发生的变化。幸运的是，对于中年人来说，莱文发现即使你以前不是一个热衷锻炼的人，现在开始锻炼也可能有助于改善你衰老的心脏。 莱文和他的研究团队选择了年龄在45岁到64岁之间、不怎么锻炼但其他方面健康的志愿者。参与者被随机分成两组。第一组每周参加三次无氧运动项目——平衡训练和力量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。 “我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回到了30或35岁，”莱文说。“它们变得更强壮、更健康的原因是它们的心脏在运动时能更好地充盈和泵送更多的血液。”但那些参加强度较低运动的人的心脏没有变化，他说。 “如果你还没有开始锻炼，生活中开始锻炼的最佳时机是在中年后期，此时心脏仍然具有灵活性，”莱文说。“我们对健康的70岁老人进行了为期一年的运动训练项目，但他们完全没有变化。” 美国心脏协会发言人妮卡·戈德堡博士说，莱文的发现是一个很好的开始。但这项研究规模较小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 变老；老化 __________ 健康的 __________ 高效的 __________ 处理 __________ 氧气 __________ 锻炼 __________ 灵活的；柔韧的 __________ 破碎的；断裂的 __________ 专家 __________ 发生 __________ 中年 __________ 热心的；热情的 __________ 锻炼者 __________ 健康状况良好 __________ 改善；提高 __________ 老化的 __________ 选择 __________ 志愿者 __________ 随机地 __________ 划分 __________ 参与 __________ 无氧的 __________ 高强度的 __________ 有氧运动 __________ 指导 __________ 教练 __________ 显著的 __________ 泵送；抽送 __________ 剧烈的；强烈的 __________ 柔韧性；灵活性 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 32．D 33．C 34．A 35. C 【导语】本文为科普说明文，心脏会随年龄增长机能衰退，研究表明中老年开展高强度有氧运动能逆转心脏老化，恢复年轻状态；单纯无氧训练无明显效果；专家指出该研究样本小，还需开展更大规模后续实验验证结论。 【详解】 32．D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart.（“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。）可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。 33．C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.（第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。）”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。 34．A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.（第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。）”和第四段的“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine.（莱文说：“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”）可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。 35．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.（但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。）”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究，故选C。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A age, healthy, efficient exercise, broken specialist, happens process flexible Group B midlife, exercisers, improve selected, volunteers randomly, divided, participate aging selected 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 flexibility remarkably stronger improvement participated reason findings cautioned Noting training B. 首字母单词拼写 processing compares significant randomly remarkable fill middle-aged flexibility repeat emphasized 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 随着我们变老，我们的心脏在处理氧气方面变得效率更低。这一过程会因久坐的生活方式而加速。然而，研究表明，即使你以前不是一个热衷的锻炼者，在中年 锻炼也有助于改善心脏功能。关键是在专业 指导下进行高强度的有氧运动。这类运动已被证明可以逆转 衰老对心脏的某些影响，使其更强壮、更高效。这些发现 强调了在人生的每个阶段 保持活跃的重要性。 Passage B 莱文的研究涉及年龄在45岁至64岁之间的志愿者，他们被随机 划分为两组。一组进行无氧 运动，另一组进行高强度 有氧 运动。两年后，有氧组在心脏健康方面显示出显著的 改善。他们的心脏在运动期间可以充盈更多的血液，并更高效地泵送血液。这表明 有氧 运动可以逆转 衰老心脏的时间。该研究还发现，强度 较低的运动不会产生同样的益处。 Passage C 妮卡·戈德堡博士称赞了莱文的发现，但告诫说该研究规模较小，需要在更大样本量下重复进行。她强调了确定 日常锻炼的哪些方面最有益的重要性。根据莱文的说法，开始 锻炼的最佳时机是在心脏仍然具有柔韧性的中年后期。对于那些更年长的人来说，开始 锻炼可能不会有同样的效果。这项研究强调了早期 干预对维持心脏健康的价值。 板块八 汉译英答案 age healthy efficient process oxygen exercise flexible broken specialist happen midlife enthusiastic exerciser in shape improve aging select volunteer randomly divide participate nonaerobic high-intensity aerobic exercise guidance trainer remarkable pump intense flexibility $