Unit 3 知识清单+同步练习2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 本同步练习以“基础夯实-语法深化-语用提升”为分层逻辑，通过梯度化题型设计覆盖核心词汇、语法及语篇应用，助力新授课中语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|核心词汇（如invent/invention）、必考短语（如build...out of）|单词拼写、单项选择，聚焦词形转换与基础语法辨析| |进阶层|不定式/动名词用法、spend/cost等动词辨析|适当形式填空、完成句子，强化语法规则在语境中的应用| |综合层|语篇理解与逻辑分析|阅读理解（Jordan发明故事）、完形填空（好奇心与发明主题），渗透文化意识与思维训练|

2026-2027学年 Unit 3 外研版八年级上册知识清单+同步练习 第一部分　知识清单 一、重点单词（核心词汇） 单词 词性 中文释义 拓展与运用 artificial adj. 人造的 副：artificially invent v. 发明 名：invention；人：inventor invention n. 发明（物） 动：invent；人：inventor inventor n. 发明者 动：invent；名：invention curiosity n. 好奇心 形：curious；副：curiously curious adj. 好奇的 名：curiosity pioneer n. 先锋，先驱 短语：a pioneer in / of fail v. 失败 名：failure；反：succeed failure n. 失败 动：fail explore v. 探索 名：explorer；名：exploration explorer n. 探索者 动：explore improve v. 改进，改善 名：improvement weigh v. 重，称重 名：weight cost v. 花费（物作主语） 过去式同形：cost-cost-cost born adj. 出生的 短语：be born (with / without) 二、必考短语（务必熟记） 短语 释义 典型例句 build...out of 用……制作 He built a robot out of boxes. lend a hand 帮忙，伸出援手 We should lend a hand to others. work on 从事，致力于 She is working on a new project. hit on 偶然想出，获得（成果） He hit on a good idea at last. blow sb away 使某人震惊 The wonderful show blew me away. for free 免费 You can get the app for free. what's worse 更糟糕的是 It rained. What's worse, I lost my key. be curious about 对……好奇 Kids are curious about everything. spend...(in) doing 花费（时间/金钱）做 I spend an hour reading daily. the key to ……的关键（to 为介词） Practice is the key to success. 三、核心句型（课文重点句式） 1. build sth out of…：用某材料制作某物 He built the arm out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 2. be born without…：天生缺少……（without 后接名词/动名词） She was born without an arm. 3. What's worse 插入语：引出更糟情况，句首加逗号 It rained. What's worse, I missed the bus. 4. blow sb away：使某人震惊（blow-blew-blown） It blew me away! 5. must lend a hand to sb：必须帮助某人 I must lend a hand to people like her. 6. try to do：尽力做某事（不定式作宾语） He always tried to improve his work. 7. enjoy doing：喜欢做某事（只接动名词） He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. 8. hit on success：偶然取得成功 Finally he hit on success at age 23. 9. cost（物作主语）：花费 His design cost around $500. 10. decide to do / for free：决定做某事 / 免费 He decided to post his design online for free. 11. be curious about：对……好奇 He was curious about its nature. 12. spend...doing：某人花费……做某事 He spent years studying the sky and the earth. 13. despite + 名词/动名词：尽管（不接句子） Despite the failure, his curiosity gave others ideas. 14. so...that / such...that：如此……以至于 He was so curious that he invented a "flying chair"! 15. the key to ...的关键（to 为介词） Curiosity is the key to discovering a new world. 四、语法聚焦 1. 不定式 (to do) 与动名词 (doing) 作宾语 • 只接 to do：decide, want, hope, try, plan, need, would like • 只接 doing：enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, keep • 接 to do / doing 含义不同： • remember / forget：to do（未做）；doing（已做） • stop：to do（停下去做另一件）；doing（停止做这件） • try：to do（尽力做）；doing（试着做） 2. spend / cost / pay / take 辨析 • spend（人作主语）：sb + spend + 时间/钱 + (in) doing / on sth • cost（物作主语）：sth + cost + 钱（过去式同形） • pay（人作主语）：sb + pay + 钱 + for sth • take（it 作形式主语）：It takes sb + 时间 + to do 3. enough 用法 • 形/副 + enough + to do：old enough to join • enough + 名词：enough money 4. What 感叹句 • What + (a/an) + adj. + 名词 + (主谓)! What a useful tool it is! / What amazing inventions they are! 五、重点单词与短语 · 默写版（中英互译） 一、重点单词默写 A. 英译中（根据英文写出对应中文释义及词性） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. artificial (adj.) ________________ 2. invent (v.) ________________ 3. invention (n.) ________________ 4. inventor (n.) ________________ 5. curiosity (n.) ________________ 6. curious (adj.) ________________ 7. pioneer (n.) ________________ 8. fail (v.) ________________ 9. failure (n.) ________________ 10. explore (v.) ________________ 11. explorer (n.) ________________ 12. improve (v.) ________________ 13. weigh (v.) ________________ 14. cost (v.) ________________ 15. born (adj.) ________________ B. 中译英（根据中文写出英文单词及词性） 1. 人造的 (adj.) ________________ 2. 发明 (v.) ________________ 3. 发明（物）(n.) ________________ 4. 发明者 (n.) ________________ 5. 好奇心 (n.) ________________ 6. 好奇的 (adj.) ________________ 7. 先锋，先驱 (n.) ________________ 8. 失败 (v.) ________________ 9. 失败 (n.) ________________ 10. 探索 (v.) ________________ 11. 探索者 (n.) ________________ 12. 改进，改善 (v.) ________________ 13. 重，称重 (v.) ________________ 14. 花费（物作主语）(v.) ________________ 15. 出生的 (adj.) ________________ 二、必考短语默写 A. 英译中（根据英文写出对应中文意思） 1. build...out of ________________ 2. lend a hand ________________ 3. work on ________________ 4. hit on ________________ 5. blow sb away ________________ 6. for free ________________ 7. what's worse ________________ 8. be curious about ________________ 9. spend...(in) doing ________________ 10. the key to ________________ B. 中译英（根据中文写出英文短语） 1. 用……制作 ________________ 2. 帮忙，伸出援手 ________________ 3. 从事，致力于 ________________ 4. 偶然想出，获得（成果） ________________ 5. 使某人震惊 ________________ 6. 免费 ________________ 7. 更糟糕的是 ________________ 8. 对……好奇 ________________ 9. 花费（时间/金钱）做 ________________ 10. ……的关键（to 为介词） ________________ 【参考答案】 一、重点单词答案 A. 英译中 1. 人造的 2. 发明 3. 发明（物） 4. 发明者 5. 好奇心 6. 好奇的 7. 先锋，先驱 8. 失败 9. 失败 10. 探索 11. 探索者 12. 改进，改善 13. 重，称重 14. 花费（物作主语） 15. 出生的 B. 中译英 1. artificial 2. invent 3. invention 4. inventor 5. curiosity 6. curious 7. pioneer 8. fail 9. failure 10. explore 11. explorer 12. improve 13. weigh 14. cost 15. born 二、必考短语答案 A. 英译中 1. 用……制作 2. 帮忙，伸出援手 3. 从事，致力于 4. 偶然想出，获得（成果） 5. 使某人震惊 6. 免费 7. 更糟糕的是 8. 对……好奇 9. 花费（时间/金钱）做 10. ……的关键（to 为介词） B. 中译英 1. build...out of 2. lend a hand 3. work on 4. hit on 5. blow sb away 6. for free 7. what's worse 8. be curious about 9. spend...(in) doing 10. the key to 　同步练习 一、单词拼写（根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词，每空一词） 1. The a______ (人造的) leg helps the disabled man walk easily. 2. Thomas Edison was a great i______ (发明者) with more than 1,000 patents. 3. C______ (好奇心) drives children to ask many strange questions. 4. The young man f______ (失败) the first time but succeeded later. 5. The little boy is a real p______ (先锋) in children's science programmes. 二、单项选择（共8小题） 1. The creative boy decided ______ a special gift for his mother by himself. A. make　B. to make　C. making 2. My brother enjoys ______ old radios and makes them work again in his spare time. A. repair　B. repairing　C. to repair 3. This smart watch ______ me about 800 yuan last month. A. spent　B. cost　C. paid 4. ______ amazing invention the flying chair is! A. What an　B. What a　C. How 5. I remember ______ the pioneer scientist at the exhibition, so I recognized him at once. A. to meet　B. meeting　C. meet 6. We should lend a hand ______ the elderly in our neighbourhood. A. for　B. to　C. with 7. The little girl is old enough ______ to school this year. A. to go　B. going　C. goes 8. —Would you like ______ an experiment? —Sure, I enjoy ______ science projects. A. to do; making　B. to do; to make　C. doing; make 三、用所给词的适当形式填空（共5小题） 1. He decided ______(share) his design with other students for free. 2. She enjoys ______(draw) pictures of future robots every weekend. 3. Don't forget ______(bring) your notebook to the lab tomorrow. (事情还未做) 4. The young inventor spent two years ______(work) on his new device. 5. The wonderful speech ______(blow) all the listeners away yesterday. 四、完成句子（根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词） 1. The student built the model plane ______ ______ old bottles. (用……制作) 2. We should ______ ______ ______ people in need. (帮助) 3. ______ ______ useful tool it is! (多么) 4. He was ______ curious ______ he invented a flying chair. (如此……以至于) 5. Everyone can learn the skill ______ ______. (免费) 五、阅读理解 When she was 15, Jordan Reeves from Missouri, US, designed a superhero arm for herself. Jordan was born without a left forearm. Instead of feeling sad, she used her curiosity to create something special. Jordan's mother took her to a workshop where kids could make their own prosthetic arms. There, Jordan built a device out of foam and 3D-printed parts. She named it "Project Unicorn" because it can shoot glitter from the top! "I wanted to make something that shows who I am," Jordan said. Her invention blew many people away. She later started a club to help other kids with disabilities make their own creative devices. Jordan believes that curiosity is the key to new ideas. "If you have an idea, work on it and don't be afraid to fail," she said. 1. What happened to Jordan when she was born? A. She lost her left arm in an accident. B. She was born without a left forearm. C. She had a weak left hand. D. She couldn't move her arms. 2. Where did Jordan build her special arm? A. At her school.　B. At a workshop for kids. C. In a hospital.　D. At her home. 3. Why did Jordan name her device "Project Unicorn"? A. Because it can shoot glitter.　B. Because it looks like a horse. C. Because it is very expensive.　D. Because it is made of gold. 4. What did Jordan do after her success? A. She sold her design for money. B. She started a club for kids with disabilities. C. She stopped inventing. D. She became a doctor. 5. What is the main message of the passage? A. Disabilities are always sad. B. Curiosity and hard work lead to creativity. C. Only adults can invent things. D. Glitter is the best material. 六、完形填空 Curiosity is a powerful force. It pushes people to __1__ the unknown and create new things. Throughout history, many __2__ have changed our lives with their curious minds. Take the light bulb as an example. Before it was invented, people could only use candles or oil lamps at night. Thomas Edison, a famous American __3__, tried thousands of times before he __4__ on the right material. He never gave up, and his invention __5__ the world forever. Another example is the internet. Scientists in the 1960s wanted to __6__ information between computers. They worked on the problem for years. __7__, we now have a global network that connects everyone. These stories teach us that with curiosity and hard work, nothing is __8__. If you are curious about something, don't just wonder — __9__ a hand and make it happen. Your idea might __10__ the next great invention. 1. A. explore　B. explain　C. escape　D. express 2. A. inventions　B. inventors　C. investors　D. instructors 3. A. pioneer　B. painter　C. poet　D. pilot 4. A. hit　B. held　C. heard　D. helped 5. A. changed　B. checked　C. chose　D. challenged 6. A. share　B. spend　C. save　D. search 7. A. What's worse　B. What's more　C. As a result　D. On the contrary 8. A. impossible　B. important　C. interesting　D. immediate 9. A. lend　B. learn　C. lead　D. leave 10. A. become　B. blow　C. bring　D. build 【同步练习参考答案】 一、单词拼写 1. artificial　2. inventor　3. Curiosity　4. failed　5. pioneer 二、单项选择 1–5 BBBAB　6–8 BAA 三、用所给词适当形式填空 1. to share　2. drawing　3. to bring　4. working　5. blew 四、完成句子 1. out of　2. lend a hand to　3. What a　4. so; that　5. for free 五、阅读理解 1–5 BBBAB 六、完形填空 1–5 ABAAA　6–10 ACAAA $