Unit 1知识清单 单词、短语+同步分层练习2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了八年级上册外研版Unit 1的核心内容。从词汇（freckle、nervous等）、短语（instead of、hold back等）到句型（instead of doing、with复合结构等），再到语法（现在完成时）和输出任务（自我介绍演讲稿、写作），构建了从预习目标到考点精讲再到同步练习的完整学习支架。 知识链路按“目标导航-考点详解-巩固默写-分层应用”逻辑清晰呈现，考点精讲结合课文例句详解语法点并配典例与即练，同步练习覆盖单词拼写、阅读等多种题型。通过语境运用提升语言能力，语法区分培养思维品质，分层练习与默写巩固发展学习能力，助力学生系统掌握单元知识。

2026-2027学年Unit 1八年级上册外研版 知识清单 单词、短语+同步分层练习 一、预习航标 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标​ 1. 词汇：掌握 freckle（雀斑）、nervous、doubt、fear、succeed、stick、athlete、strength、weakness 等核心单词，熟记 instead of、hold back、stick to、to one’s surprise、feel like、as long as、have got to 等单元必考短语，能在自我介绍语境灵活运用。 2. 句型：吃透课文重点句式（instead of doing、with 复合结构、as long as 引导条件句、It’s +adj. to do），能复述 Emma 雀斑、运动员 Wang Lin 两篇课文关键语句。 3. 语法：熟练掌握现在完成时基本结构（have/has+done），分清 already/yet/just/never 位置与用法，区分现在完成时与一般过去时基础差异，能完成句式改写、选词填空。 4. 输出：能用本单元词句撰写简短自我介绍演讲稿，完成单元写作（介绍自身优缺点、成长变化）。 学习重点​ 1. 高频短语辨析（instead of、hold back、stick to、feel like）的语境运用； 2. 现在完成时基本结构、标志词（already/yet/ever/never）用法； 3. 反身代词变形及固定搭配（enjoy oneself、teach oneself）。 学习难点​ 1. 现在完成时过去分词不规则变形，for/since 辨析、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时区分； 2. with 复合结构、instead of 后接非谓语的用法； 3. 结合本单元主题，完整组织语言，有条理地进行英文自我介绍与成长经历写作。 二、考点精讲 1. I guess everyone has something they are not proud of about themselves.(P4) 我想每个人都有对自己不满意的地方。 【详解】 1）guess 动词，意为“猜想、认为”，后接宾语从句，常用短句 I guess so./I don’t guess so. 例：I guess she will join our club. 2）形容词修饰不定代词 something/nothing/anything 时，形容词后置。 例：I have something strange to tell you. 3）everyone 作主语，指代自身时反身代词用 themselves。 例：Everyone should believe themselves. 4）定语从句 they are not proud of 修饰先行词 something，省略关系代词 that。 例：I like the gift (that) you made. 【典例】I ______ (guess) he ______ (have) his own weak points. A. guess; has B. guesses; have C. guess; have 【即练 1】I don’t guess ______ (anything/something) is perfect.（变形） 【即练 2】Everyone should learn to accept ______ (they).（反身代词变形） 2. Instead of hiding her face, Lucy looked straight into my eyes.(P4) 露西没有遮住脸，而是直视我的眼睛。 【详解】 1）instead of 为介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词 doing，不能加动词原形。 例：I go to school by bus instead of walking. 2）instead 是副词，单独使用，放在句首或句末，不加 of，无需搭配非谓语。 例：I don’t eat meat. Instead, I eat fish. 【典例】He went to the park on foot instead of ______ (take) a bus. A. take B. taking C. to take 【即练 1】I want water instead ______ juice.(介词填空) 【即练 2】She didn’t cry. ______, she smiled.(用 instead 改写) 3. With so many friends beside me, my nervousness went away.(P4) 身边有这么多朋友，我的紧张消失了。 【详解】 with 复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 / 形容词 / 介词短语 /doing/done），在句中作伴随、原因状语。 ①with + 宾语 + 介词短语：With a smile on her face, she came in. ②with + 宾语 + doing（主动）：With birds singing, we walk in the park. ③with + 宾语 + done（被动）：With the work done, I can rest. ④with + 宾语 + 形容词：With the door open, it’s cool indoors. 【典例】______ lots of classmates supporting me, I finished my speech quickly. A. Under B. With C. For 【即练 1】With the window ______(close), the room is warm. 【即练 2】With homework ______(finish), he can go out to play. 4. It felt just like a warm hug.(P4) 那感觉就像一个大大的拥抱。 【详解】 1）feel like + 名词：感觉像…… 例：The soft toy feels like a baby. 2）feel like + doing sth = would like to do：想要做某事 例：I feel like drinking tea.=I’d like to drink tea. 【典例】—Would you like to play outside? —I feel like ______ at home. A. stay B. staying C. to stay 【即练 1】I feel like ______(eat) some fresh fruit. 【即练 2】It feels ______ rain.(介词) 5. To my surprise, Lucy drew a yellow star on her own cheek!(P5) 令我惊讶的是，露西在自己脸颊上画了一颗黄星！ 【详解】 1）to one’s + 名词（surprise/joy/sadness）：令某人……的是，句首首字母大写。 例：To my joy, I passed the exam. 2）on one’s own = by oneself：独自、靠自己。 例：He finishes his task on his own.=He finishes his task by himself. 【典例】______ our surprise, he won the first prize. A. To B. For C. At 【即练 1】______(to) my surprise, she accepted me.(首字母大写) 【即练 2】He finished the painting ______(he)=on his own. 6. I haven't told Lucy yet how she has encouraged me.(P5) 我还没有告诉露西她是怎样鼓励了我的。 【详解】 1）现在完成时否定：have/has + not + 过去分词。 例：I haven’t eaten breakfast yet. 2）already 用于肯定句，放在 have/has 之后；yet 多用于否定、疑问句句尾。 例：She has already left. / Have you heard yet? 【典例】—______ you ______(show) him the photo yet? —Not yet. A. Have; shown B. Has; shown C. Did; show 【即练 1】I ______ (not finish) my diary yet. 【即练 2】She has ______ (already/yet) learnt to accept her freckles. 7. I have already realised that I am what I am.(P5) 我已经意识到要接纳本来的自己。 【详解】 1）现在完成时肯定：have/has+done，already 置于助动词之后。 例：We have already finished the work. 2）realise 两种变形：realised/realized 均为过去分词（英式/美式）。 例：I have realised the truth. 3）what 引导表语从句，在从句中充当成分。 例：My hope is what you can stay. 【典例】My sister ______ already ______ (accept) her weaknesses. A. has; accepted B. have; accept C. is; accepting 【即练 1】We ______ (learn) lots from this story already. 【即练 2】______ (be) what you truly are is important. 8. Everyone has something special and different - that is what's fun.(P5) 每个人都有独特之处，这正是乐趣所在。 【详解】 1）形容词修饰不定代词 something/nothing/anything，形容词后置。 例：I need something cheap. 2）everyone/nobody/nothing 等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例：Nobody knows the secret. 【典例】There is ______ interesting in today’s newspaper. A. anything nothing B. nothing interesting C. interesting something 【即练 1】I want ______ (anything/something) sweet to eat.(肯定句) 【即练 2】Nobody ______ (be) perfect in the world. 9. However, doubts and fears often hold us back.(P12) 然而，疑虑和恐惧常常阻碍我们前行。 【详解】 1）however 副词，表转折，前后常用逗号隔开；but 连词，直接连接两个分句，不加逗号。 例：It rained. However, we went out.=It rained but we went out. 2）doubt 可数名词，many 后接复数 doubts。 例：He has many doubts about the plan. 3）hold back 固定短语：阻碍、抑制。 【典例】He is very tired. ______, he keeps working hard. A. But B. However C. Because 【即练 1】He has many (doubt) about his ability.(复数) 【即练 2】(But/However), I still want to have a try. 10. Never let your size hold you back.(P13) 永远不要让身材束缚你。 【详解】 1）let sb do sth：let 后接不带 to 的动词原形。 例：Let me help you. 2）hold sb back from doing sth：阻碍某人做某事，from 可省略。 例：Bad weather held us back from going hiking. 【典例】Don’t let fear hold you back ______ ______(try) your dream. A. to try B. from trying C. try 【即练 1】She tried hard to hold back ______(cry). 【即练 2】Nothing can hold us ______ going forward. 11. Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.(P13) 只要勇于尝试并坚持，万事皆有可能。 【详解】 1）nothing 作主语，谓语动词单数；im- 为否定前缀，possible→impossible。 例：Nothing is easy. 2）as long as 引导条件状语从句：只要。 例：You can pass as long as you study hard. 3）stick to 中 to 是介词，后接名词 /doing，不加动词原形。 例：I stick to getting up early. 【典例】He sticks to ______(practise) reading every morning. A. practise B. practising C. to practise 【即练 1】Nothing ______(be) difficult if you put your heart into it. 【即练 2】I stick to ______(write) diaries every day. 12. In 2016, he clocked 10.20 seconds and made history.(P13) 2016 年，他跑出 10.20 秒，创造历史。 【详解】 1）clock v.（体育）跑出……成绩，过去式 clocked。 例：He clocked 10 seconds in the race. 2）make history 创造历史；in + 过去年份，句子用一般过去时。 例：In 2008, China made sports history. 【典例】The player ______(clock) a new record last month. A. clock B. clocked C. clocks 【即练 1】They ______(make) history in the sports meeting last year. 【即练 2】The athlete ______(clock) 11 seconds yesterday. 13. Wang fought his fears and became a sporting hero.(P13) 王战胜恐惧，成为体育英雄。 【详解】 1）fight-fought-fought 不规则变形；fight one’s fears 战胜恐惧，fight against 对抗。 例：We fight against difficulties every day. 2）and 连接并列谓语，前后时态保持一致。 例：He got up and washed his face. 【典例】She fought her shyness and ______(win) the speech game. A. win B. won C. wins 【即练 1】We fought hard and ______(succeed) at last. 【即练 2】We should fight ______ our own weakness.(介词) 14. He succeeded in ______ the 100-metre race in 2021.(P13) 2021 年他在百米比赛中取得成功。 【详解】 单词变形：succeed (v.)→success (n.)→successful (adj.)；固定搭配 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事。 例：He succeeded in passing the exam.=His success makes us happy.=He is successful. 【典例】He succeeded in ______(break) the school running record last term. A. break B. breaking C. to break 【即练 1】She is a ______ (succeed) runner. 【即练 2】His ______(succeed) makes us proud. 15. I have got to know more about myself these years.(P16 演讲稿句型) 这些年来我越来越了解自己。 【详解】 these years / since + 过去时间，现在完成时标志；反身代词匹配主语。 例：You should believe yourself. 【即练 】You should know ______(you) better. 三、核心单词与短语清单（默写版） A. 重点单词默写 英译中（根据英文写出对应中文释义） 1．birthmark (n.) ________ → 可换 freckle (n.) ________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2．nervous (adj.) ________ 3．doubt (n./v.) ________ 4．fear (n./v.) ________ 5．succeed (v.) ________ 6．stick (v.) ________ 7．athlete (n.) ________ 8．strength (n.) ________ 9．weakness (n.) ________ 10．impossible (adj.) ________ 11．themselves (pron.) ________ 12．herself (pron.) ________ 中译英（根据中文写出英文单词） 1．胎记 (n.) ________ → 可换 雀斑 (n.) ________ 2．紧张的 (adj.) ________ 3．怀疑 (n./v.) ________ 4．恐惧 (n./v.) ________ 5．成功 (v.) ________ 6．坚持；粘 (v.) ________ 7．运动员 (n.) ________ 8．优点；力量 (n.) ________ 9．缺点 (n.) ________ 10．不可能的 (adj.) ________ 11．他们自己 (pron.) ________ 12．她自己 (pron.) ________ B. 必考短语默写 英译中（根据英文写出对应中文意思） 1．instead of ________ 2．hold back ________ 3．stick to ________ 4．to one’s surprise ________ 5．on one’s own ________ 6．feel like ________ 7．as long as ________ 8．have got to ________ 9．succeed in doing ________ 10．make history ________ 中译英（根据中文写出英文短语） 1．代替；而不是 ________ 2．阻碍；抑制 ________ 3．坚持 ________ 4．令某人惊讶的是 ________ 5．独自 ________ 6．感觉像；想要 ________ 7．只要 ________ 8．必须；不得不 ________ 9．成功做某事 ________ 10．创造历史 ________ 四、 过关检测（同步练习） 一、单词拼写（根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词，每空一词） 1. The little girl has some f______ (雀斑) on her face, but she has learned to accept herself. 2. Don't be n______ (紧张的) when you stand on the stage to give a speech. 3. He has a d______ (怀疑) about whether he can run as fast as the others. 4. She f______ (恐惧) nothing and always faces difficulties with a smile. 5. Nothing is i______ (不可能的) as long as you stick to your dream. 二、单项选择（共10小题） 1. She chose to write a diary ______ playing video games after school. A. instead of　B. instead　C. rather　D. but 2. ______ so many classmates cheering for her, the shy girl finished her song confidently. A. Under　B. With　C. For　D. By 3. ______ my surprise, the boy with freckles won the drawing competition. A. To　B. For　C. At　D. In 4. —______ you ______ (show) your new look to your parents yet? —Not yet. A. Have; shown　B. Has; shown　C. Did; show　D. Do; show 5. You can make great progress ______ you keep practising spoken English. A. as long as　B. as soon as　C. even if　D. so that 6. Wang Lin sticks ______ running for an hour every morning before school. A. practise　B. to practise　C. to practising　D. practising 7. The young athlete succeeded in ______ the school 100-metre record last term. A. break　B. breaking　C. to break　D. broke 8. Everyone in the world should learn to accept ______ and be proud of who they are. A. them　B. themselves　C. theirs　D. they 9. I have ______ special to tell you about our new neighbour. (形容词修饰不定代词后置) A. anything　B. something　C. something interesting　D. interesting something 10. We ______ to believe in ourselves and never let fears hold us back. A. have got　B. have got to　C. has got to　D. had got to 三、用所给词的适当形式填空（共5小题） 1. I ______ (not tell) my best friend the good news yet. 2. He succeeded in ______ (pass) the hard test after months of work. 3. With the window ______ (close), the room became warm and quiet. 4. Everyone should believe ______ (they) and try their best. 5. The runner ______ (make) history in the 2016 school sports meeting. (一般过去时) 四、完成句子（根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词） 1. ______ ______ (代替) hiding her face, Emma looked straight into people's eyes. 2. ______ ______ ______ (令我惊讶的是), Lucy drew a yellow star on her own cheek. 3. Nothing is impossible ______ ______ ______ (只要) you try and never give up. 4. I ______ ______ ______ (感觉像) having a big warm hug when I stay with friends. 5. He has ______ ______ ______ (了解) his own strengths and weaknesses these years. 五、阅读理解 Xiao Mei was a quiet girl. She had a birthmark on her left cheek and always felt nervous when people looked at her. She had many doubts about herself and feared that others would laugh at her. One day, her teacher asked every student to give a short speech. Xiao Mei wanted to say no, but her desk-mate Li Na said, "Instead of worrying, just be yourself. I will sit in the first row and smile at you." With Li Na's support, Xiao Mei decided to try. On the day of the speech, Xiao Mei walked onto the stage. To her surprise, all her classmates listened carefully and clapped warmly at the end. She realised that everyone has something they are not proud of, but that is what makes them special. Since then, Xiao Mei has become more confident and has made many friends. 1. Why did Xiao Mei feel nervous at first? A. She disliked her teacher.　B. She had a birthmark and feared being laughed at. C. She was poor at writing.　D. She had no friends at school. 2. What did Li Na tell her to do? A. Stay at home.　B. Just be herself.　C. Change her look.　D. Cry if needed. 3. How did her classmates react to her speech? A. They laughed at her.　B. They left the room. C. They listened and clapped.　D. They slept. 4. What did Xiao Mei realise after the speech? A. She should hide her face.　B. Everyone has something imperfect but special. C. Speech is useless.　D. She is the best student. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to give a speech.　B. Birthmarks are beautiful. C. Accepting yourself brings confidence.　D. Teachers are strict. 六、完形填空 Many students have doubts and fears. However, these feelings often __1__ us back from trying new things. A boy named Lei was short and weak, but he wanted to be a(n) __2__. His friends doubted him, but Lei didn't give up. He __3__ to training every morning, rain or shine. __4__ his hard work and strong will, he succeeded in joining the school team. Nothing is __5__ as long as you try and stick to it. 1. A. hold　B. held　C. holded　D. holding 2. A. athlete　B. artist　C. actor　D. astronaut 3. A. stuck　B. stick　C. sticking　D. sticks 4. A. Because　B. With　C. For　D. Under 5. A. possible　B. impossible　C. important　D. necessary 参考答案 【考点精讲·即练参考答案】 1-1: anything　1-2: themselves　2-1: of　2-2: Instead　3-1: closed　3-2: finished 4-1: eating　4-2: like　5-1: To　5-2: himself　6-1: haven't finished　6-2: already 7-1: have learnt / have learned　7-2: To be　8-1: something　8-2: is 9-1: doubts　9-2: However　10-1: crying　10-2: from (hold back from doing) 11-1: is　11-2: writing　12-1: made　12-2: clocked　13-1: succeeded　13-2: against 14-1: successful　14-2: success　15 yourself 【默写版参考答案】 A 英译中：1. 胎记→雀斑 2. 紧张的 3. 怀疑 4. 恐惧 5. 成功 6. 坚持；粘 7. 运动员 8. 优点；力量 9. 缺点 10. 不可能的 11. 他们自己 12. 她自己 A 中译英：1. birthmark→freckle 2. nervous 3. doubt 4. fear 5. succeed 6. stick 7. athlete 8. strength 9. weakness 10. impossible 11. themselves 12. herself B 英译中：1. 代替；而不是 2. 阻碍；抑制 3. 坚持 4. 令某人惊讶的是 5. 独自 6. 感觉像；想要 7. 只要 8. 必须；不得不 9. 成功做某事 10. 创造历史 B 中译英：1. instead of 2. hold back 3. stick to 4. to one’s surprise 5. on one’s own 6. feel like 7. as long as 8. have got to 9. succeed in doing 10. make history 【过关检测参考答案】 一、单词拼写 1. freckles　2. nervous　3. doubt　4. fears　5. impossible 二、单项选择 1–5 ABAAA　6–10 CBBBB 三、用所给词适当形式填空 1. haven't told　2. passing　3. closed　4. themselves　5. made 四、完成句子 1. Instead of　2. To my surprise　3. as long as　4. feel like　5. got to know 五、阅读理解 1–5 BBCBC 六、完形填空 1–5 AAABB $