Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language & Assessing Your Progress-分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.He has 　　　　　　(选派角色) her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.  2.This area has witnessed 　　　　　　(稳定的) social and economic development of our country.  3.After some time that 　　　　　　　(影子) disappeared and I ran towards my home.  4.It is difficult for me to entirely understand these 　　　　　　(概念).  5.I have no alternative but to request him to help me make an 　　　　　　(概要) of the speech.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The boss of the grocery store described what had happened 　　　　　　(vivid) to the policeman.  2.A quarrel broke 　　　　　　unexpectedly,but fortunately,we made up with each other after a few minutes.  3.They help the body to be in 　　　　　　(defend)of itself against some kinds of infections.  4.Jane is a 　　　　　　(gift) musician who can play multiple instruments with incredible talent.  5.The professor’s strong 　　　　　　(leader) skills ensured the experiment was carried out smoothly.  6.The 　　　　　　(mechanic) engineer designed a revolutionary new engine that improved fuel efficiency.  7.In 1917,American soldiers poured 　　　　　　Europe to put an end to World War Ⅰ.  8.The project is in 　　　　　　charge of Mr.Bell,for the boss is on a business trip.  9.Unfortunately,several members of the research team have come down 　　　　　　flu-like symptoms,delaying the progress of the experiment.  10.In the field of the medicine,　　　　　　 all,it is crucial to prioritize patient safety and ethical considerations.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.这位杰出科学家的科学发现对物理学领域产生了重大影响。(impact) The scientific discoveries made by the brilliant scientist 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the field of physics.  2.在克服了一些困难后,该团队成功地进行了开创性的科学实验。(after doing sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the team successfully conducted the groundbreaking scientific experiment.  3.约翰逊不仅对自己的领域有着深刻的了解,而且有着不懈的好奇心,展示了科学精神的真正精髓。(not only...but also) Johnson possessed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　showcasing the true essence of the scientific spirit.  4.除了是一位著名的音乐家,史密斯博士还是一位颇有才华的作家和讲师。(apart from) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,Dr.Smith is also an accomplished author and lecturer. 5.通过进行广泛的研究和实验,该团队对复杂的生物过程有了更好的理解。 By conducting extensive research and experiments,the team was able to 　　　　　　　　　　　　the complex biological processes.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2025北京人大附中高二上期中) Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire,England.Darwin’s childhood passion was science,and his interest in chemistry,however,was clear:he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates. In 1825,his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University,where he learned how to classify plants.Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge.Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy,the captain of HMS Beagle,to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia.The journey was life-changing.Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants,animals and rocks,which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface.Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time. Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world.The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment.These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species.With natural selection,Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor. Darwin married his cousin,Emma Wedgwood,in 1839.When Darwin’s eldest daughter,Annie,died from a sudden illness in 1851,he lost his belief in God.His tenth and final child,Charles Waring Darwin,was born in 1856.Significantly for Darwin,this baby was disabled,altering how Darwin thought about the human species.Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed;he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt. Though rejected at the beginning,Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth.The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages. 1.What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species? A.Examining plants and animals collected. B.His desire for a voyage to different continents. C.Classifying samples in a journey to South America. D.His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University. 2.What changed Darwin’s view on the human species? A.That he had ten children in all. B.That he lost his eldest daughter. C.His youngest son’s being disabled. D.His marriage with Emma Wedgwood. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A.Darwin’s interest of study never changed. B.Darwin’s happy family gave him much support in his studies. C.Darwin’s discoveries were based on his life and field studies. D.Darwin’s theory of evolution was accepted at the very beginning. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A.Darwin’s passion for medical science. B.Charles Darwin’s changing interest. C.Charles Darwin’s discoveries and family illnesses. D.Charles Darwin’s life and work. Ⅴ.七选五 (2025北京九中高二上期中) Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique.It involves explaining what you’re learning to others.By teaching what you’ve learned from memory,you engage in active recall.　1　 It also ensures that you understand the topic,because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it.The technique consists of four repeatable steps.  To begin,choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand.　2　 The more interested you are,the faster you’ll grasp it.Moreover,a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.  　3　 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old.If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone,you can just teach it to an imaginary audience.But it works much better if you use a real person.They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear.  While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding.　4　 Review your notes,reread books,or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.  Now that you fully grasp the concept,test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person.This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit. The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn.　5　 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However,with great efforts in mastering this method,you’ll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.  A.It is mentally demanding. B.This helps the information stick in your mind better. C.Teach it to a five-year-old,who would give you direct feedback. D.Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. E.Once you have chosen a topic,you can teach it to someone else. F.Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning. G.When this happens,refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. Ⅵ.语法填空 (2025河南南阳高二上期中) Whenever you talk about famous people of science through the ages,1.　　　　　　 is most likely that you will come across a handful of names of male scientists.Nevertheless,once there was a female in the Qing Dynasty 2.　　　　　　(catch) international attention because of her devotion 3.　　　　　　 mathematics and astronomy.Her name is Wang Zhenyi,who was born during the reign (统治) of Qianlong more than two centuries ago.  With the encouragement of her grandfather and father,Wang Zhenyi became 4.　　　　　　 eager reader at an early age and loved reading so much that she frequently forgot 5.　　　　　　(eat) or sleep.While Wang Zhenyi was skilled at literature and poetry,she also displayed exceptional 6.　　　　　　(curious) towards science.She was especially attracted by the subject of astronomy,mathematics and cylindrical (圆柱体的) calculations.During her short lifetime of less than three decades,she wrote productively, 7.(particular) on astronomy and mathematics.The First Volume of the Pavilion of Virtuous Demeanor,which is still 8.　　　　　　(access) today,collects some of her notable works on astronomy and mathematics.  Wang Zhenyi’s remarkable achievements 9.　　　　　(win) international praise and the International Astronomical Union named one of the craters of Venus (金星陨石坑) after her in 1994.The science journal Nature also featured Wang Zhenyi as one of the outstanding female scientists,10.　　　　　　(encourage) young ladies to engage in research in science.  Ⅶ.应用文写作 (2025云南昭通教研联盟高二上期中) 假设你是李华,你的英国朋友Max提到他对中国科学家很感兴趣,想请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国科学家。请你给Max写一封邮件,内容包括: 1.该人物是谁; 2.该人物的主要贡献; 3.该人物对你的影响。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Max, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours sincerely, Li Hua Ⅷ.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2025安徽蚌埠毛坦厂实验中学高二上期中) I decided to volunteer to be the “room mother” to my daughter Jenny’s class in second grade.I would have tasks like making cookies and helping with the kids’ every field trip.That morning,when I was waiting for her teacher,Jenny introduced her best friend Tommy to me.During the chat,I noticed he had the sharpest sense of humor.And it touched my heart. We burst out laughing just as their teacher walked up.She smiled at me and then said to Tommy coldly,“Your grades are the lowest again.” Tommy’s face fell as he walked away.Placing his hands in his pockets,he turned and met my eyes.I’ll never forget that look.It was a look of hopelessness. During the following days,I found Tommy’s low grades had led to him having no interest in study.Besides,he suffered from serious inferiority complex (自卑感).I wanted to communicate with him about his problem but he always refused. Finally,one day he talked to me.He told me that all the students in his class except him had received at least one award because of good performance in study,sports or something else.“I don’t remember ever doing anything proud in my whole life,Miss Jaye,” he cried.“I’m nobody.I’ll be a failure forever.I won’t achieve anything.” I felt great pity for him and told the story of my brother who also always doubted himself when young and finally grew to be an excellent scientist.Then,I told him that he was a wonderful boy who was humorous,smart,polite,etc.And I told him that he could be somebody as long as he was confident and worked hard like my brother.His eyes lit up.My family would move to another town and I would never continue my volunteer work in his school.However,I wanted to offer him a hand the last time. I talked to the school and his parents about his study.We decided the normal class wasn’t suitable for him and that he should attend a special education class. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 “Be confident and work hard,and you’ll be somebody,” I told Tommy when I was leaving.     　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 “You were right!I could change!” Tommy said to me gladly.     　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.classify vt. 　　　　　　　  2.facilitate vt. 　　　　　　　  3.analysis n. 　　　　　  4.significantly adv. 　　　　　　　　　  5.diversity n. 　　　　　　　　  6.reject vt. 　　　　　  二、熟词生义 drive　本文义:vt. 　　　　　　　  其他义:vt. 　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.become passionate about 　　　　　　　　  2.engage in 　　　　　  3.consist of 　　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 1.The more interested you are,the faster you’ll grasp it.(the+比较级,the+比较级) 句意: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 2.Now that you fully grasp the concept,test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person.(now that引导原因状语从句) 句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 五、长难句分析 Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants,animals and rocks,which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. 此句为复合句,其中which引导　　　　　　　　　　,在这个从句中又含有一个that引导的　　　　　　　。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.cast　2.steady　3.shadow　4.concepts　5.abstract Ⅱ.1.vividly　2.out　3.defence/defense　4.gifted　5.leadership 6.mechanical　7.into　8.the　9.with　10.above Ⅲ.1.had/have had a great impact on/upon　2.After overcoming some difficulties　3.not only a deep knowledge of his own field but also a relentless curiosity　4.Apart from being a famous musician　5.get a better understanding of Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。 1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.”可知,达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他对物种的起源和发展产生怀疑和重新审议。 2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“His tenth and final child,Charles Waring Darwin,was born in 1856.Significantly for Darwin,this baby was disabled,altering how Darwin thought about the human species.”可知,达尔文最小的孩子的先天性残疾使达尔文改变了人类物种的看法。 3.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Darwin went on a voyage together...led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.”和文章倒数第二段中的“His tenth and final child,Charles Waring Darwin,was born in 1856.Significantly...a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.”可知,达尔文的发现是基于他的生活和实地研究的。 4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章前三段主要讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、学业经历、科学兴趣对其理论形成和发展的影响。第四段讲述了他的家庭和个人生活、最后一段讲述了达尔文理论的地位和影响。因此,文章主要讲述了达尔文的生活和工作。 Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种被称为费曼技巧的学习方法。 1.B　由上文可知,本空要说跟“这种学习方法的好处”有关的话题,B项中This指代a clever learning method,能承接上文,符合题意。 2.D　由下文“The more interested you are,the faster you’ll grasp it.Moreover,a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.”可知,本空要说跟“感兴趣和学习的关系”有关的话题,故D项能引起下文,符合题意。 3.E　由下文“Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old.If you’d...let you know when something isn’t clear.”可知,本空要说跟“写笔记”有关的话题,故E项能引起下文,符合题意。 4.G　由上文“While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding.”可知,本空要说跟“出现这种情况的解决办法”有关的话题,由下文“Review your notes,reread books,or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.”可知,出现这种情况的解决办法是回顾笔记,故G项能承上启下,符合题意。 5.A　由下文“You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.”可知,积极地思考问题对精神要求很高,故A项能引起下文,符合题意。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了清代女科学家王贞仪因对数学和天文学的贡献而赢得国际赞誉的事迹。 1.it　考查代词。本空用代词it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 2.catching　考查非谓语动词。catch sb’s attention“引起某人的注意”。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词,作后置定语,修饰a female,a female与catch之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作后置定语。 3.to　考查介词。句意:然而,在清朝,有一位女性因为对数学和天文学的奉献而引起了国际关注。devotion to对……的奉献,故填to。 4.an　考查冠词。句意:在祖父和父亲的鼓励下,王贞仪很小的时候就成了一个渴望读书的人,她非常喜欢读书,以至于经常忘记吃饭或睡觉。此处泛指“一个渴望读书的人”,且eager以元音音素开头,故填an。 5.to eat　考查非谓语动词。句意:在祖父和父亲的鼓励下,王贞仪很小的时候就成了一个渴望读书的人,她非常喜欢读书,以至于经常忘记吃饭或睡觉。从句谓语为forgot,此处为非谓语动词,forget to do sth 忘记要做某事。 6.curiosity　考查词性转换。句意:虽然王贞仪擅长文学和诗歌,但她对科学也表现出异乎寻常的好奇心。设空处作displayed的宾语应用名词。 7.particularly　考查词性转换。句意:在她短暂的一生中,不到三十年,她创作颇丰,尤其是在天文学和数学方面。设空处作状语,修饰介词短语on astronomy and mathematics,用副词。 8.accessible　考查词性转换。句意:《德风亭初集》第一卷至今仍可查阅,其中收录了她在天文学和数学方面的一些著名作品。设空处作表语用形容词,故填accessible。 9.won　考查动词的时态。句意:王贞仪的杰出成就赢得了国际赞誉,1994年,国际天文学联合会以她的名字命名了金星上的一个陨石坑。此句为并列句,前后时态一致,根据后面的named可知,时态用一般过去时,谓语用win的过去式。故填won。 10.encouraging　考查非谓语动词。此句已有谓语featured,故题空处作非谓语。又因此处encourage表主动关系,故填encouraging。 Ⅶ. Dear Max,  I’m thrilled to hear that you’re interested in Chinese scientists! One of my favorite Chinese scientists is Yuan Longping,who is known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.His major contribution is the development of hybrid rice varieties that have significantly increased rice production and helped alleviate hunger in China and beyond.His dedication to science and humanity has inspired me to pursue my studies with passion and determination. I hope you find his story as fascinating as I do! Yours sincerely,  Li Hua  Ⅷ.“Be confident and work hard,and you’ll be somebody,” I told Tommy when I was leaving. Crying,he promised and I promised I would see him someday.Then,Tommy was removed from his second grade class and put into a special education class.I was just excited at Tommy’s new possibilities.When Jenny was in the middle of third grade,I went to visit Tommy.When seeing me,he excitedly ran to me and threw himself into my arms.He had grown so tall!His eyes were shining,and he was laughing.  “You were right!I could change!” Tommy said to me gladly. He showed me his awards because of good performance in study or something else.I gave him two thumbs up!“Tommy!I’m so proud of you,” I hugged him.Soon,it was time to leave.He gave me one last hug and turned to go.He stopped suddenly and looked back at me,saying,“Thank you!I love you,Miss Jaye!” “I love you,too,” I said.Tears welled up in my eyes.And I was confident he would be somebody.  知识积累卡 一、1.将……分类　2.促进,使便利　3.分析　4.值得注意的是　5.多样性,差异　6.拒绝 二、驱使　驾驶 三、1.对……充满热情　2.参与　3.由……组成 四、1.你越感兴趣,就能越快地掌握它。 2.既然你完全掌握了这个概念,试着把它教给另一个人来测试你的理解。 五、非限制性定语从句　定语从句 达尔文花了很多时间在陆地上收集植物、动物和岩石的样本,这对他很有帮助来加深对地球表面形成过程的理解。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $